Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population
Colombia has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancies among Latin American countries. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STIs has been identified as a factor in promoting healthy sexual behavior. The HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Know...
- Autores:
-
Abello-Luque, Daniella
Pedro Espada, José
García-Montaño, Eileen
Gómez-Lugo, Mayra
Morales, Alexandra
Pérez-Pedraza, Diana
Vallejo-Medina, Pablo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7880
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7880
https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278720979621
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- HIV/AIDS
knowledge
validity
adolescents
Colombia
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
title |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
spellingShingle |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population HIV/AIDS knowledge validity adolescents Colombia |
title_short |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
title_full |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
title_fullStr |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
title_full_unstemmed |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
title_sort |
Colombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent population |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Abello-Luque, Daniella Pedro Espada, José García-Montaño, Eileen Gómez-Lugo, Mayra Morales, Alexandra Pérez-Pedraza, Diana Vallejo-Medina, Pablo |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abello-Luque, Daniella Pedro Espada, José García-Montaño, Eileen Gómez-Lugo, Mayra Morales, Alexandra Pérez-Pedraza, Diana Vallejo-Medina, Pablo |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
HIV/AIDS knowledge validity adolescents Colombia |
topic |
HIV/AIDS knowledge validity adolescents Colombia |
description |
Colombia has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancies among Latin American countries. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STIs has been identified as a factor in promoting healthy sexual behavior. The HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Knowledge Scale (KSI) is an instrument created in Spain to assess sexual health knowledge in adolescents. In view of the lack of scales that measure this construct in Colombia, this study aims to culturally adapt and validate the KSI for the Colombian adolescent population. The sample was comprised of 866 adolescent school children (458 females and 408 males) aged between 14 and 19 years (M = 15.97, SD = 1.36) from 12 schools in the cities of Bogotá (n = 467) and Barranquilla (n = 400). Results showed good item psychometric properties and adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. Factorial analysis confirmed a five-dimensional factor structure. The indicators of validity showed significant correlations with constructs related on theoretical grounds. In sum, the study presents a valid and reliable scale for evaluating knowledge about HIV and other STIs in Colombian adolescent population. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-17 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-19T16:51:34Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-19T16:51:34Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7880 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278720979621 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7880 https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278720979621 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ralings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012 Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., Muellerleile, P. A. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.142 Bentler, P. M., Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 Bryan, A., Kagee, A., Broaddus, M. R. (2006). Condom use among South African adolescents: Developing and testing theoretical models of intentions and behavior. AIDS and Behavior, 10(4), 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9087-5 Cardona, J. A., Hernández, J. C., Suárez, G., Zapata-Builes, X. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and practices about HIV / AIDS in high school students in Medellín. Archives of Medicine, 11(4:10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3823/1272 Carratalá, E., Espada, J., Orgiles, M. (2013). Knowledge and attitudes towards HIV / AIDS: Differences between Spanish adolescents with married and divorced parents. Mental Health, 36(5), 387–391 Catania, J. A., Kegeles, S. M., Coates, T. J. (1990). Towards an understanding of risk behavior: An AIDS reduction model (ARRM). Health Education Quarterly, 17, 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819001700107 Dávila, M. E., Tagliaferro, A. Z., Bullones, X., Daza, D. (2008). Level of Knowledge of Adolescents about HIV / AIDS. Magazineof Public Health, 10(5), 716–722. Epskamp, S. (2019). semPlot: Path diagrams and visual analysis of various SEM packages’ output. R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semPlot Espada, J., Gonzálvez, M., Orgilés, M., Morales, A. (2013). Validation of the multicomponent AIDS phobia scale with Spanish adolescents. Behavioral Psychology, 21(3), 449–460. Espada, J., Guillén-Riquelme, A., Morales, A., Orgilés, M., Sierra, J. (2014). Validation of a knowledge scale on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the adolescent population. Primary Care, 46(10), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2014.03.007 Espada, J. P, Ballester, R., Huedo-Medina, T., Secades-Villa, R., Orgilés, M., Martínez- Lorca, M. (2013). Development of a new instrument to assess AIDS-related attitudes among Spanish youngsters. Anales de Psicología, 29, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.132301 Fletcher, T. D. (2010). Psychometric: Applied psychometric theory. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psychometric Galindo, J., Tello, I., Mueses, H., Duque, J., Shor-Posner, G., Moreno, G. (2011). HIV and vulnerability: a comparison of threegroups in Cali, Colombia. National Faculty of Health Magazine Public, 29(1), 25–33. Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Llario, M. D., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castañeiras, C. (2018). Why do young Hispanic women take sexual risks? Psychological and cultural factors for HIV prevention. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 29(5), 762–769. Gómez-Bustamante, E., Cogollo-Milanés, Z. (2011). Knowledge about HIV-AIDS in high school students from Cartagena, Colombia. Journal of Public Health, 13(5), 778–784. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0124-00642011000500006 Gómez-Lugo, M., Vallejo-Medina, P., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Morales, A., Niebles-Charris, J., García-Roncallo, P., Espada, J. P. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Colombian Version of the HIV Attitudes Scale in the Adolescent Population. Under review. González-Hernández, A. M., Escobar-Estupinan, J. L., Vallejo-Medina, P. (2020). Condom use errors and problems in a sample of young Colombian adults. The Journal of Sex Research, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1728207 Harrell, J. P., Wright, L. W. (1998). The development and validation of the Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20(3), 201–216. Mazo-Vélez, Y., Domínguez-Domínguez, L., Cardona-Arias, J. (2014). Knowledge, attitudes and practices in university adolescents between 15 and 20 years old about HIV / AIDS in Medellín, Colombia 2013. Médicas Ui, 27(3), 35–45. Medley, A., Kennedy, C., O’Reilly, K., Sweat, M. (2009). Effectiveness of peer education interventions for HIV prevention in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Education and Prevention, 21(3), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3.181 Merino, C., Livia, J. (2009). Asymmetric Confidence Intervals for the Content Validity Index: A Visual Basic Program for Aiken's V. Annals of Psychology, 25(1), 169–171. Morales, A., Vallejo-Medina, P., Abello-Luque, D., Saavedra-Roa, A., García-Roncallo, P., Gomez-Lugo, M., García-Montaño, E., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Niebles-Charris, J., Pérez-Pedraza, D., Espada, J. P. (2018). Sexual risk among Colombian adolescents: Knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs, perceived control, intention, and sexual behavior. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6311-y Paredes, M. C., Gómez, Y. M., Torres, A. M., Fernández, M., Tovar, M. B. (2015). Chlamydia infection prevalence trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in high school adolescentsof the province of Sabana Centro, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Biomedical, 35(3), 314–324. R Core Team . (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ Revelle, W. (2019). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psych Ritchwood, T. D., Penn, D., Peasant, C., Albritton, T., Corbie-Smith, G. (2017). Condom use self-efficacy among younger rural adolescents: The influence of parent-teen communication, and knowledge of and attitudes toward condoms. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(2), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615599065 Romero, L., Galbraith, J., Wilson-Williams, L., Gloppen, K. (2011). HIV prevention among African American youth: How well have evidence-based interventions addressed key theoretical constructs? AIDS and Behavior, 15, 976–991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9745-5 Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. RStudio Team . (2020). RStudio: Integrated development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. http://www.rstudio.com/ Rubio, D. M., Berg-Weger, M., Tebb, S. S., Lee, E. S., Rauch, S. (2003). Objectifying content validity: Conducting a content validity study in social work research. Social Work Research, 27, 94104. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/27.2.94 Salas, P., Taylor, L., Quesada, M., Garita, A. C., León, D. (2011). Knowledge and attitudes of Costa Rican university studentsregarding HIV / AIDS. Journal of Social Sciences, 1, 131–132. https://doi.org/10.15517/rcs.v0i131-132.3892 Sanson-Fisher, R. W., Perkins, J. J. (1998). Adaptation and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Australia. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 961–967. Sengupta, S., Banks, B., Jonas, D., Miles, M. S., Smith, G. C. (2011). HIV interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma: a systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 15 1075–1087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9847-0 Sheeran, P., Orbell, S., Charles, A. (1999). Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.125.1.9 Steiger, J. H., Lind, John. C. (1980). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. In the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society. Tucker, L., Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38(1), 1–10. UN AIDS . (2016). Fact Sheet: World Statistics. Retrieved July 30, 2018, from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_es.pdf UN AIDS . (2017). Fact sheet—Latest statistics on the status of the AIDS epidemic. Retrieved July 30, 2018, from http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet Uribe, A. F., Orcasita, L. T., Vélez, T. V. (2010). Risk factor's for HIV / AIDS infection in Colombian adolescents and youth. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 13(1), 11–24. Vallejo-Medina, P., Gómez-Lugo, M., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Saavedra-Roa, A., Soler, F., Morales, A. (2017). Developing guidelines for adapting questionnaires into the same language in another culture. Terapia Psicológica, 35, 159–172. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-48082017000200159 Vallejo-Medina, P., Ramírez-Endo, C. E., Saavedra-Roa, D. A., Gómez-Lugo, M., Pérez-Durán, C. (2019). Spanish validation of female condom attitude scale and female condom use in Colombian young women. BMC Women’s Health, 19(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0825-z Vallejo-Medina, P., Saavedra-Roa, A., Gómez-Lugo, M., Morales, A., Abello-Luque, D., García-Montaño, E., Garavito-Zamudio, C., Espada, J. P. (2018). Adaptation, reliability and validity of a Versio Brief of the Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale (MAPS) in Colombian teenagers. Iberoamerican Journal of Psychology, 9, 42–57. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2018.01.014 Villegas-Castaño, A., Tamayo-Acevedo, L. S. (2016). Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, and risk factor for sexual health of adolescents, Medellín, Colombia, 2013. Iatreia, 29(1), 5–17. |
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Abello-Luque, DaniellaPedro Espada, JoséGarcía-Montaño, EileenGómez-Lugo, MayraMorales, AlexandraPérez-Pedraza, DianaVallejo-Medina, Pablo2021-02-19T16:51:34Z2021-02-19T16:51:34Z2020-12-17https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7880https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278720979621Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Colombia has one of the highest rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancies among Latin American countries. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS and other STIs has been identified as a factor in promoting healthy sexual behavior. The HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Knowledge Scale (KSI) is an instrument created in Spain to assess sexual health knowledge in adolescents. In view of the lack of scales that measure this construct in Colombia, this study aims to culturally adapt and validate the KSI for the Colombian adolescent population. The sample was comprised of 866 adolescent school children (458 females and 408 males) aged between 14 and 19 years (M = 15.97, SD = 1.36) from 12 schools in the cities of Bogotá (n = 467) and Barranquilla (n = 400). Results showed good item psychometric properties and adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. Factorial analysis confirmed a five-dimensional factor structure. The indicators of validity showed significant correlations with constructs related on theoretical grounds. In sum, the study presents a valid and reliable scale for evaluating knowledge about HIV and other STIs in Colombian adolescent population.Abello-Luque, DaniellaPedro Espada, JoséGarcía-Montaño, EileenGómez-Lugo, MayraMorales, AlexandraPérez-Pedraza, DianaVallejo-Medina, Pabloapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Evaluation & the Health Professionshttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0163278720979621HIV/AIDSknowledgevalidityadolescentsColombiaColombian adaptation of the hiv and other sexually transmitted infections knowledge scale (ksi) in an adolescent populationArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ralings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., Muellerleile, P. A. (2001). Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.142Bentler, P. M., Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588Bryan, A., Kagee, A., Broaddus, M. R. (2006). Condom use among South African adolescents: Developing and testing theoretical models of intentions and behavior. AIDS and Behavior, 10(4), 387–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9087-5Cardona, J. A., Hernández, J. C., Suárez, G., Zapata-Builes, X. (2015). Knowledge, attitudes and practices about HIV / AIDS in high school students in Medellín. Archives of Medicine, 11(4:10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3823/1272Carratalá, E., Espada, J., Orgiles, M. (2013). Knowledge and attitudes towards HIV / AIDS: Differences between Spanish adolescents with married and divorced parents. Mental Health, 36(5), 387–391Catania, J. A., Kegeles, S. M., Coates, T. J. (1990). Towards an understanding of risk behavior: An AIDS reduction model (ARRM). Health Education Quarterly, 17, 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819001700107Dávila, M. E., Tagliaferro, A. Z., Bullones, X., Daza, D. (2008). Level of Knowledge of Adolescents about HIV / AIDS. Magazineof Public Health, 10(5), 716–722.Epskamp, S. (2019). semPlot: Path diagrams and visual analysis of various SEM packages’ output. R package. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semPlotEspada, J., Gonzálvez, M., Orgilés, M., Morales, A. (2013). Validation of the multicomponent AIDS phobia scale with Spanish adolescents. Behavioral Psychology, 21(3), 449–460.Espada, J., Guillén-Riquelme, A., Morales, A., Orgilés, M., Sierra, J. (2014). Validation of a knowledge scale on HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in the adolescent population. Primary Care, 46(10), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2014.03.007Espada, J. P, Ballester, R., Huedo-Medina, T., Secades-Villa, R., Orgilés, M., Martínez- Lorca, M. (2013). Development of a new instrument to assess AIDS-related attitudes among Spanish youngsters. Anales de Psicología, 29, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.132301Fletcher, T. D. (2010). Psychometric: Applied psychometric theory. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=psychometricGalindo, J., Tello, I., Mueses, H., Duque, J., Shor-Posner, G., Moreno, G. (2011). HIV and vulnerability: a comparison of threegroups in Cali, Colombia. National Faculty of Health Magazine Public, 29(1), 25–33.Giménez-García, C., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Gil-Llario, M. D., Ballester-Arnal, R., Castañeiras, C. (2018). Why do young Hispanic women take sexual risks? Psychological and cultural factors for HIV prevention. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 29(5), 762–769.Gómez-Bustamante, E., Cogollo-Milanés, Z. (2011). Knowledge about HIV-AIDS in high school students from Cartagena, Colombia. Journal of Public Health, 13(5), 778–784. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0124-00642011000500006Gómez-Lugo, M., Vallejo-Medina, P., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Morales, A., Niebles-Charris, J., García-Roncallo, P., Espada, J. P. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Colombian Version of the HIV Attitudes Scale in the Adolescent Population. Under review.González-Hernández, A. M., Escobar-Estupinan, J. L., Vallejo-Medina, P. (2020). Condom use errors and problems in a sample of young Colombian adults. The Journal of Sex Research, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2020.1728207Harrell, J. P., Wright, L. W. (1998). The development and validation of the Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20(3), 201–216.Mazo-Vélez, Y., Domínguez-Domínguez, L., Cardona-Arias, J. (2014). Knowledge, attitudes and practices in university adolescents between 15 and 20 years old about HIV / AIDS in Medellín, Colombia 2013. Médicas Ui, 27(3), 35–45.Medley, A., Kennedy, C., O’Reilly, K., Sweat, M. (2009). Effectiveness of peer education interventions for HIV prevention in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Education and Prevention, 21(3), 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2009.21.3.181Merino, C., Livia, J. (2009). Asymmetric Confidence Intervals for the Content Validity Index: A Visual Basic Program for Aiken's V. Annals of Psychology, 25(1), 169–171.Morales, A., Vallejo-Medina, P., Abello-Luque, D., Saavedra-Roa, A., García-Roncallo, P., Gomez-Lugo, M., García-Montaño, E., Marchal-Bertrand, L., Niebles-Charris, J., Pérez-Pedraza, D., Espada, J. P. (2018). Sexual risk among Colombian adolescents: Knowledge, attitudes, normative beliefs, perceived control, intention, and sexual behavior. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6311-yParedes, M. C., Gómez, Y. M., Torres, A. M., Fernández, M., Tovar, M. B. (2015). Chlamydia infection prevalence trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in high school adolescentsof the province of Sabana Centro, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Biomedical, 35(3), 314–324.R Core Team . (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/Revelle, W. 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