Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry

This paper aims to present a procedure that allows identifying savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing company. The procedure based on the ISO 50001, 50004, and 50006 standards comprise the use of tools such as energy baselines, the goal line, energy performance indicators, the Pareto chart,...

Full description

Autores:
Alcalá Abraham, Victor A.
Alemán Causil, Elkin D.
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
Noriega Angarita, Eliana
Gómez Sarduy, Julio R.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10777
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10777
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
Palabra clave:
Electricity
Energy
Steel industry
Energy efficiency
Energy performance indicator
Energy saving
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10777
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
title Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
spellingShingle Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
Electricity
Energy
Steel industry
Energy efficiency
Energy performance indicator
Energy saving
title_short Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
title_full Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
title_fullStr Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
title_full_unstemmed Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
title_sort Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Alcalá Abraham, Victor A.
Alemán Causil, Elkin D.
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
Noriega Angarita, Eliana
Gómez Sarduy, Julio R.
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Alcalá Abraham, Victor A.
Alemán Causil, Elkin D.
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
Noriega Angarita, Eliana
Gómez Sarduy, Julio R.
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Electricity
Energy
Steel industry
Energy efficiency
Energy performance indicator
Energy saving
topic Electricity
Energy
Steel industry
Energy efficiency
Energy performance indicator
Energy saving
description This paper aims to present a procedure that allows identifying savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing company. The procedure based on the ISO 50001, 50004, and 50006 standards comprise the use of tools such as energy baselines, the goal line, energy performance indicators, the Pareto chart, and an energy review. As a result of the implementation of the procedure, it was possible to obtain the baseline, the goal line, and energy performance indicators that allow the control of energy consumption and efficiency of the company in general and of the area with the highest electricity consumption. It was possible to identify that there is a potential savings of up to 6% throughout the company and up to 13% in the area with the highest electrical energy consumption. From an energy review carried out in the area with the highest consumption, motors operating with low load and idle for long periods were identified, as well as a lack of maintenance. Besides, the replacement of traditional technology lamps by LED technology lamps was proposed. The procedure can be generalized in steel industries with similar characteristics, which is one of the sectors that consume the most energy worldwide.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-23T15:36:52Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-23T15:36:52Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Abraham, V. A. A., Causil, E. D. A., Santos, V. S., Angarita, E. N., & Sarduy, J. R. G. (2021). Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11142
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2146-4553
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10777
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.32479/ijeep.11142
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
identifier_str_mv Abraham, V. A. A., Causil, E. D. A., Santos, V. S., Angarita, E. N., & Sarduy, J. R. G. (2021). Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11142
2146-4553
10.32479/ijeep.11142
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10777
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Alcántara, V., Cadavid, Y., Sánchez, M., Uribe, C., Echeverri-Uribe, C., Morales, J., Obando, J., Amell, A. (2018), A study case of energy efficiency, energy profile, and technological gap of combustion systems in the Colombian lime industry. Applied Thermal Engineering, 128, 393-401.
Angarita, E.N., Eras, J.J.C., Herrera, H.H., Santos, V.S., Morejón, M.B., Ortega, J.I.S., Gutiérrez, A.S. (2019), Energy planning and management during battery manufacturing. Gestao e Producao, 26(4), 1-14.
Apostolos, F., Alexios, P., Georgios, P., Panagiotis, S., George, C. (2013), Energy efficiency of manufacturing processes: A critical review. Procedia CIRP, 7, 628-633.
Arens, M., Worrell, E., Eichhammer, W. (2017), Drivers and barriers to the diffusion of energy-efficient technologies-a plant-level analysis of the German steel industry. Energy Efficiency, 10(2), 441-457.
Bunse, K., Vodicka, M., Schönsleben, P., Brülhart, M., Ernst, F.O. (2011), Integrating energy efficiency performance in production management-gap analysis between industrial needs and scientific literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(6-7), 667-679
Eras, J.J.C., Gutiérrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Herrera, H.H., Morejón, M.B., Ortega, J.S., Angarita, E.M.N., Vandecasteele, C. (2019), Energy management in the formation of light, starter, and ignition lead-acid batteries. Energy Efficiency, 12(5), 1219-1236.
Eras, J.J.C., Gutiérrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Ulloa, M.J.C. (2020), Energy management of compressed air systems. Assessing the production and use of compressed air in industry. Energy, 213, 118662.
Eras, J.J.C., Santos, V.S., Gutiérrez, A.S., Plasencia, M.Á.G., Haeseldonckx, D., Vandecasteele, C. (2016), Tools to improve forecasting and control of the electricity consumption in hotels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 803-812.
Cai, W., Liu, F., Xie, J., Zhou, X. (2017), An energy management approach for the mechanical manufacturing industry through developing a multi-objective energy benchmark. Energy Conversion and Management, 132, 361-371.
Fawkes, S., Oung, K., Thorpe, D. (2016), Best practices and case studies for industrial energy efficiency improvement-an introduction for policy makers. In: Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency
Gandoman, F.H., Ahmadi, A., Sharaf, A.M., Siano, P., Pou, J., Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V.G. (2018), Review of FACTS technologies and applications for power quality in smart grids with renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 502-514.
He, K., Wang, L. (2017), A review of energy use and energy-efficient technologies for the iron and steel industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 1022-1039.
Henao, F., Viteri, J.P., Rodríguez, Y., Gómez, J., Dyner, I. (2020), Annual and interannual complementarities of renewable energy sources in Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134, 110318.
Hens, L., Cabello-Eras, J.J., Sagastume-Gutiérez, A., Garcia-Lorenzo, D., Cogollos-Martinez, J.B., Vandecasteele, C. (2017), University-industry interaction on cleaner production. The case of the cleaner production center at the University of Cienfuegos in cuba, a country in transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 63-68.
Hochman, G., Timilsina, G.R. (2017), Energy efficiency barriers in commercial and industrial firms in Ukraine: An empirical analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 22-30.
Hossain, S.R., Ahmed, I., Azad, F.S., Hasan, A.S.M. (2020), Empirical investigation of energy management practices in cement industries of Bangladesh. Energy, 212, 118741
IEA. (2018), World energy balances: Overview. In: World Energy Balances 2018. Vol. 12(C). Paris: OECD. p24.
IIP. (2012), Energy Management Programmes for Industry. Paris: Institute for Industrial Productivity, International Energy Agency.
ISO. (2011), ISO 50001-Energy Management. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
ISO. (2014a), ISO 50004-Energy Management Systems E Guidance for the Implementation, Maintenance and Improvement of an Energy Management System.
ISO. (2014b), ISO 50006-Energy Management Systems E Measuring Energy Performance Using Energy Baselines (EnB) and Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) E General Principles and Guidance
Johansson, M.T. (2015), Improved energy efficiency within the Swedish steel industry-the importance of energy management and networking. Energy Efficiency, 8(4), 713-744.
Johansson, M.T. (2016), Effects on global CO2 emissions when substituting LPG with bio-SNG as fuel in steel industry reheating furnaces-the impact of different perspectives on CO2 assessment. Energy Efficiency, 9(6), 1437-1445.
Lin, B., Recke, B., Knudsen, J.K.H., Jørgensen, S.B. (2007), A systematic approach for soft sensor development. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 31(5-6), 419-425.Liu, Y.N., Khairuddin, M.,
Liu, Y.J., Chen, Y.C., Ma, H.Y., Lee, H.Y. (2019), Enhancement of light energy harvesting capability of dye-sensitized solar cells through use of pulse width modulated RGB-LED lamps. Optik, 178, 271-278
Manrique, R., Vásquez, D., Vallejo, G., Chejne, F., Amell, A.A., Herrera, B. (2018), Analysis of barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency actions in the production of ceramics in Colombia. Energy, 143, 575-584.
Montoya, P.A.A., Bastidas, J.L.M., Ortega, E.M.I. (2016), Cobertura máxima de redes de sensores inalámbricos para un sistema de gestión de energía en hogares inteligentes. INGE CUC, 12(2), 68-78.
Morejón, M.B., Eras, J.J.C., Gutierrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Gómez, Y.P., Rueda-Bayona, J.G. (2019), Factors affecting the electricity consumption and productivity of the lead acid battery formation process. The case of a battery plant in Colombia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(5), 103-112.
Perez, A., Garcia-Rendon, J.J. (2021), Integration of non-conventional renewable energy and spot price of electricity: A counterfactual analysis for Colombia. Renewable Energy, 167, 146-161.
Reyes-Calle, W., Grimaldo-Guerrero, J.W. (2020), Drivers of biomass power generation technologies: Adoption in Colombia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 844(1), 012010.
Rodríguez-Urrego, D., Rodríguez-Urrego, L. (2018), Photovoltaic energy in Colombia: Current status, inventory, policies and future prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 92, 160-170.
Rojas-Cardenas, J.C., Hasanbeigi, A., Sheinbaum-Pardo, C., Price, L. (2017), Energy efficiency in the Mexican Iron and steel industry from an international perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 158, 335-348.
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Gutiérrez, A.S., Eras, J.J.C., Santos, V.S., Herrera, H.H., Hens, L., Vandecasteele, C. (2018), Electricity management in the production of lead-acid batteries: The industrial case of a production plant in Colombia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 198, 1443-1458.
Sarduy, J.R.G., Felipe, P.R.V., Torres, Y.D., Plascencia, M.A.Á., Santos, V.S., Haeseldonckx, D. (2018), A new energy performance indicator for energy management system of a wheat mill plant. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 8(4), 324-330.
Schulze, M., Nehler, H., Ottosson, M., Thollander, P. (2016), Energy management in industry-a systematic review of previous findings and an integrative conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 3692-3708.
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Santos, V.S., Eras, J.J.C., Gutierrez, A.S., Ulloa, M.J.C. (2019), Assessment of the energy efficiency estimation methods on induction motors considering real-time monitoring. Measurement, 136, 237-247.
Sun, W., Wang, Q., Zhou, Y., Wu, J. (2020), Material and energy flows of the iron and steel industry: Status quo, challenges and perspectives. Applied Energy, 268, 114946.
Tesema, G., Worrell, E. (2015), Energy efficiency improvement potentials for the cement industry in Ethiopia. Energy, 93, 2042-2052.
Thollander, P., Palm, J. (2015), Industrial energy management decision making for improved energy efficiency-strategic system perspectives and situated action in combination. Energies, 8(6), 5694-5703.
Trianni, A., Cagno, E., Marchesani, F., Spallina, G. (2017), Classification of drivers for industrial energy efficiency and their effect on the barriers affecting the investment decision-making process. Energy Efficiency, 10(1), 199-215.
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Weinert, N., Chiotellis, S., Seliger, G. (2011), Methodology for planning and operating energy-efficient production systems. CIRP Annals, 60(1), 41-44.
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dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Alcalá Abraham, Victor A.Alemán Causil, Elkin D.Sousa Santos, VladimirNoriega Angarita, ElianaGómez Sarduy, Julio R.2024-02-23T15:36:52Z2024-02-23T15:36:52Z2021Abraham, V. A. A., Causil, E. D. A., Santos, V. S., Angarita, E. N., & Sarduy, J. R. G. (2021). Identification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industry. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.111422146-4553https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1077710.32479/ijeep.11142Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coThis paper aims to present a procedure that allows identifying savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing company. The procedure based on the ISO 50001, 50004, and 50006 standards comprise the use of tools such as energy baselines, the goal line, energy performance indicators, the Pareto chart, and an energy review. As a result of the implementation of the procedure, it was possible to obtain the baseline, the goal line, and energy performance indicators that allow the control of energy consumption and efficiency of the company in general and of the area with the highest electricity consumption. It was possible to identify that there is a potential savings of up to 6% throughout the company and up to 13% in the area with the highest electrical energy consumption. From an energy review carried out in the area with the highest consumption, motors operating with low load and idle for long periods were identified, as well as a lack of maintenance. Besides, the replacement of traditional technology lamps by LED technology lamps was proposed. The procedure can be generalized in steel industries with similar characteristics, which is one of the sectors that consume the most energy worldwide.8 páginasapplication/pdfengEconJournalsTurkeyhttps://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132456584&doi=10.32479%2fijeep.11142&origin=inward&txGid=8bf5858b7edfa685b5d2fc3d53334a0aIdentification of savings opportunities in a steel manufacturing industryArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85International Journal of Energy Economics and PolicyAlcántara, V., Cadavid, Y., Sánchez, M., Uribe, C., Echeverri-Uribe, C., Morales, J., Obando, J., Amell, A. (2018), A study case of energy efficiency, energy profile, and technological gap of combustion systems in the Colombian lime industry. Applied Thermal Engineering, 128, 393-401.Angarita, E.N., Eras, J.J.C., Herrera, H.H., Santos, V.S., Morejón, M.B., Ortega, J.I.S., Gutiérrez, A.S. (2019), Energy planning and management during battery manufacturing. Gestao e Producao, 26(4), 1-14.Apostolos, F., Alexios, P., Georgios, P., Panagiotis, S., George, C. (2013), Energy efficiency of manufacturing processes: A critical review. Procedia CIRP, 7, 628-633.Arens, M., Worrell, E., Eichhammer, W. (2017), Drivers and barriers to the diffusion of energy-efficient technologies-a plant-level analysis of the German steel industry. Energy Efficiency, 10(2), 441-457.Bunse, K., Vodicka, M., Schönsleben, P., Brülhart, M., Ernst, F.O. (2011), Integrating energy efficiency performance in production management-gap analysis between industrial needs and scientific literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(6-7), 667-679Eras, J.J.C., Gutiérrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Herrera, H.H., Morejón, M.B., Ortega, J.S., Angarita, E.M.N., Vandecasteele, C. (2019), Energy management in the formation of light, starter, and ignition lead-acid batteries. Energy Efficiency, 12(5), 1219-1236.Eras, J.J.C., Gutiérrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Ulloa, M.J.C. (2020), Energy management of compressed air systems. Assessing the production and use of compressed air in industry. Energy, 213, 118662.Eras, J.J.C., Santos, V.S., Gutiérrez, A.S., Plasencia, M.Á.G., Haeseldonckx, D., Vandecasteele, C. (2016), Tools to improve forecasting and control of the electricity consumption in hotels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 137, 803-812.Cai, W., Liu, F., Xie, J., Zhou, X. (2017), An energy management approach for the mechanical manufacturing industry through developing a multi-objective energy benchmark. Energy Conversion and Management, 132, 361-371.Fawkes, S., Oung, K., Thorpe, D. (2016), Best practices and case studies for industrial energy efficiency improvement-an introduction for policy makers. In: Copenhagen Centre on Energy EfficiencyGandoman, F.H., Ahmadi, A., Sharaf, A.M., Siano, P., Pou, J., Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V.G. (2018), Review of FACTS technologies and applications for power quality in smart grids with renewable energy systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 502-514.He, K., Wang, L. (2017), A review of energy use and energy-efficient technologies for the iron and steel industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 1022-1039.Henao, F., Viteri, J.P., Rodríguez, Y., Gómez, J., Dyner, I. (2020), Annual and interannual complementarities of renewable energy sources in Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134, 110318.Hens, L., Cabello-Eras, J.J., Sagastume-Gutiérez, A., Garcia-Lorenzo, D., Cogollos-Martinez, J.B., Vandecasteele, C. (2017), University-industry interaction on cleaner production. The case of the cleaner production center at the University of Cienfuegos in cuba, a country in transition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 63-68.Hochman, G., Timilsina, G.R. (2017), Energy efficiency barriers in commercial and industrial firms in Ukraine: An empirical analysis. Energy Economics, 63, 22-30.Hossain, S.R., Ahmed, I., Azad, F.S., Hasan, A.S.M. (2020), Empirical investigation of energy management practices in cement industries of Bangladesh. Energy, 212, 118741IEA. (2018), World energy balances: Overview. In: World Energy Balances 2018. Vol. 12(C). Paris: OECD. p24.IIP. (2012), Energy Management Programmes for Industry. Paris: Institute for Industrial Productivity, International Energy Agency.ISO. (2011), ISO 50001-Energy Management. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.ISO. (2014a), ISO 50004-Energy Management Systems E Guidance for the Implementation, Maintenance and Improvement of an Energy Management System.ISO. (2014b), ISO 50006-Energy Management Systems E Measuring Energy Performance Using Energy Baselines (EnB) and Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI) E General Principles and GuidanceJohansson, M.T. (2015), Improved energy efficiency within the Swedish steel industry-the importance of energy management and networking. Energy Efficiency, 8(4), 713-744.Johansson, M.T. (2016), Effects on global CO2 emissions when substituting LPG with bio-SNG as fuel in steel industry reheating furnaces-the impact of different perspectives on CO2 assessment. Energy Efficiency, 9(6), 1437-1445.Lin, B., Recke, B., Knudsen, J.K.H., Jørgensen, S.B. (2007), A systematic approach for soft sensor development. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 31(5-6), 419-425.Liu, Y.N., Khairuddin, M.,Liu, Y.J., Chen, Y.C., Ma, H.Y., Lee, H.Y. (2019), Enhancement of light energy harvesting capability of dye-sensitized solar cells through use of pulse width modulated RGB-LED lamps. Optik, 178, 271-278Manrique, R., Vásquez, D., Vallejo, G., Chejne, F., Amell, A.A., Herrera, B. (2018), Analysis of barriers to the implementation of energy efficiency actions in the production of ceramics in Colombia. Energy, 143, 575-584.Montoya, P.A.A., Bastidas, J.L.M., Ortega, E.M.I. (2016), Cobertura máxima de redes de sensores inalámbricos para un sistema de gestión de energía en hogares inteligentes. INGE CUC, 12(2), 68-78.Morejón, M.B., Eras, J.J.C., Gutierrez, A.S., Santos, V.S., Gómez, Y.P., Rueda-Bayona, J.G. (2019), Factors affecting the electricity consumption and productivity of the lead acid battery formation process. The case of a battery plant in Colombia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(5), 103-112.Perez, A., Garcia-Rendon, J.J. (2021), Integration of non-conventional renewable energy and spot price of electricity: A counterfactual analysis for Colombia. Renewable Energy, 167, 146-161.Reyes-Calle, W., Grimaldo-Guerrero, J.W. 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Journal of Cleaner Production, 176, 604-628.5043411ElectricityEnergySteel industryEnergy efficiencyEnergy performance indicatorEnergy savingPublicationORIGINALIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdfIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf929395https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5417781f-bbb9-4c87-940d-6c35d59d8cf6/download2e912a2f66c1fd1fad89fffb565e0007MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/04fe3d2f-a8a0-42e2-831e-10716a31831b/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdf.txtIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35203https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c27e68e6-e556-4a0a-a1ef-1fff5a311cfc/downloadf595d920d09a6ad6a376eea46095b2cbMD53THUMBNAILIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdf.jpgIdentification of Savings Opportunities in a Steel Manufacturing Industry.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16260https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/beb35a97-2db0-46c1-8a12-0202ad825dea/downloadc7d1ac5c4aa7140b406332eccdfa9ef9MD5411323/10777oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/107772024-09-17 11:03:27.696https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
