A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid

This Article submits a review of the integration of renewable energies in the contemporary distribution of generated energy. A technological supervision is implemented to observe in a systematic manner the behavior of state of the art technologies in renewable energies, in the search of energetic su...

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Autores:
Castro, Adalberto Ospino
Troncoso-Mendoza, Sonni
Gallardo, Rafael Peña
Zamora-Musa, Ronald
Ospino C., Adalberto
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10776
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10776
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
Palabra clave:
Renewable energies
Distributed generation
Microgrid
Generation systems
Energetic sustainability
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10776
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
title A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
spellingShingle A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
Renewable energies
Distributed generation
Microgrid
Generation systems
Energetic sustainability
title_short A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
title_full A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
title_fullStr A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
title_full_unstemmed A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
title_sort A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Castro, Adalberto Ospino
Troncoso-Mendoza, Sonni
Gallardo, Rafael Peña
Zamora-Musa, Ronald
Ospino C., Adalberto
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Castro, Adalberto Ospino
Troncoso-Mendoza, Sonni
Gallardo, Rafael Peña
Zamora-Musa, Ronald
Ospino C., Adalberto
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Renewable energies
Distributed generation
Microgrid
Generation systems
Energetic sustainability
topic Renewable energies
Distributed generation
Microgrid
Generation systems
Energetic sustainability
description This Article submits a review of the integration of renewable energies in the contemporary distribution of generated energy. A technological supervision is implemented to observe in a systematic manner the behavior of state of the art technologies in renewable energies, in the search of energetic sustainability, making an analysis of the distribution of the most representative Microgrids at world level. It is to be noted, the great inclusion of energy obtained through solar panels, and Eolic generators. However, there is a great participation of generators from diesel vapor, and gas; while in the storage system batteries are predominant, and sometimes, flywheels and supercapacitors surface. These results are possibly due to the promotion and experience of including new techniques and use of energy resource methodologies
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-23T15:36:26Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-23T15:36:26Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Castro, A. O., Troncoso-Mendoza, S., Gallardo, R. P., & Zamora-Musa, R. (2021). A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9570
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2146-4553
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10776
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.32479/ijeep.9570
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
identifier_str_mv Castro, A. O., Troncoso-Mendoza, S., Gallardo, R. P., & Zamora-Musa, R. (2021). A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9570
2146-4553
10.32479/ijeep.9570
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10776
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Amin, M. (2016), Hybrid Microgrid and its Coordination, Doctoral Dissertation, California State University, Northridge
Arango, A., Álvarez, R. (2013), Microgrids: New paradigm in electricity grids. Revista Colombiana de Tecnologías de Avanzada, 2(22), 42-48.
Arcamone, R. (2015), Battery selection for different microgrids. In: 2015 Trojan Battery Company, Munich, Germany. p1-20.
Bayindir, R., Bekiroglu, E., Hossain, E., Kabalci, E. (2014), Microgrid facility at European union. In: 2014 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application. United States: IEEE. p865-872.
Bayindir, R., Hossain, E., Kabalci, E., Billah, K.M.M. (2015), Investigation on North American microgrid facility. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 5(2), 558-574.
Becerra, H. (2011), Desarrollo y aplicaciones de microrredes eléctricas en México. In: Taller Sobre Minirredes y Sistemas Híbridos con Energías Renovables en la Electrificación Rural-Universidad de Sao Paulo. p1-65.
Bordons, C., Torres, F.G., Valverde, L. (2015), Gestión óptima de la energía en microrredes con generación renovable. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial, 12(2), 117-132.
Cabello-Eras, J., Balbis-Morejón, M., Sagastume-Gutiérrez, A., García, A.P., Ulloa, M.C., Rey-Martínez, F.J., Rueda-Bayona, J.G. (2019), A look to the electricity generation from non-conventional renewable energy sources in Colombia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(1), 15-25
Cantarero, M.M.V. (2018), Reviewing the Nicaraguan transition to a renewable energy system: Why is “business-as-usual” no longer an option? Energy Policy, 120, 580-592.
Chilán, J.C.H., Torres, S.G.P., Machuca, B.I.F., Cordova, A.J.T., Pérez, C.A.M., Gamez, M.R. (2018), Social impact of renewable energy sources in the province of Loja. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2(1), 13-25.
de Sousa Mascarenhas, F., Brown, I.F., da Silva, S.S. (2018), Desmatamento e incêndios florestais transformando a realidade da Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 48, 236-262.
Falahati, B., Chua, E., Kazemi, A. (2016), A novel design for an expandable, modular microgrid unit. In: 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference. United States: IEEE. p1-5.
Gaona, E.E., Trujillo, C.A., Guacaneme, J.A. (2015), Rural microgrids and its potential application in Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 125-137.
González, H.D. (2012), Diseño De Un Sistema Fotovoltaico Para La Generación De Energía Eléctrica En El Cobaev 35 Xalapa. p1-172. Available from: http://www.cdigital.uv.mx/ bitstream/123456789/31561/1/dominguezgonzalezhector.pdf. [Last accessed on 2019 Dec 01].
Grids, S. (2011), La Evolución de la Red Eléctrica, Observatorio Industrial del Sector de la Electrónica, Tecnologías de la Información y Telecomunicaciones.
Gui, E.M., Diesendorf, M., MacGill, I. (2017), Distributed energy infrastructure paradigm: Community microgrids in a new institutional economics context. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 1355-1365.
Guilherme, P., Morante, F. (2012), A busca pelo sucesso em projetos de eletrificação rural descentralizada por meio de sistemas híbridos de geração de energia elétrica. In: VI Encontro Nacional da Anppas, Belém. p1-28.
Hatziargyriou, N. (2014), Microgrids: Architectures and Control. United States: John Wiley & Sons
Jiang, L., Wang, C., Huang, Y., Pei, Z., Xin, S., Wang, W., Brown, T. (2015), Growth in wind and sun: Integrating variable generation in China. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 13(6), 40-49.
Josa, A.C. (2011), Primeros pasos hacia las redes inteligentes en España. Visión del operador del sistema. Cuadernos de Energía, 32, 33-41.
Lee, Y.D., Chang, Y.R., Chan, C.M., Ho, Y.H. (2012), Preliminary implementation of microgrid with photovoltaic and microturbine for stand alone operation. In: 2012 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. United States: IEEE. p1-9.
León-Trigo, L.I., Reyes-Archundia, E., Gutiérrez-Gnecchi, J.A., MéndezPatiño, A., Chávez-Campos, G.M. (2019), Smart grids en México: Situación actual, retos y propuesta de implementación. Ingeniería, Investigación y Tecnología, 20(2), 1-12
Lidula, N.W.A., Rajapakse, A.D. (2011), Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 186-202
Mahieux, C., Oudalov, A. (2014), Microrredes: Integración de microrredes con tecnologías de ABB. Revista ABB, 4, 54-60.
Mata, O.N., Villalba, D.O., Palma-Behnke, R. (2013), Microrredes en la red eléctrica del futuro-caso Huatacondo. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, 29(2), 1-16.
Morozumi, S. (2015), Japanese island grid experience. In: Island EnergyStatus and Perspectives. Available from: https://www.iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/imports/events/111/3morozumi_nedo.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Mar 01].
Munoz, A. (2019), Microgrids for disaster management: An ethical risk perspective. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 38(4), 70-74
Muñoz, Y., Zafra, D., Acevedo, V., Ospino, A. (2014), Analysis of energy production with different photovoltaic technologies in the Colombian geography. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 59(1), 012012.
Nam, Y.H., Lee, H.D., Kim, Y.R., Marito, F., Kim, M.Y., Rho, D.S. (2017), Economic evaluation algorithm of island micro-grid for utility and independent power producer. The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 66(7), 1032-1038.
Onodera, O. (2013), Micro-grid activities related to Japan. In: Microgrid World Forum, Irvine, California, Estados Unidos. p1-24.
Ospino, A.J.C., Ortega, J. (2013), Set of elements, parameters and considerations to get the successful inclusion of the smart grids in Colombian power systems. In: IMETI 2013-6th International MultiConference on Engineering and Technological Innovation. p166-169.
Papaioannou, D.I., Papadimitriou, C.N., Dimeas, A.L., Zountouridou, E.I., Kiokes, G.C., Hatziargyriou, N.D. (2014), Optimization and sensitivity analysis of microgrids using HOMER software-a case study. In: India Conference (INDICON). United States: IEEE.
Rese, L. (2012), Modelagem, Análise de Estabilidade e Controle de Microrredes de Energia Elétrica, Doctoral Dissertation.
Rueda-Bayona, J.G., Guzmán, A., Eras, J.J.C., Silva-Casarín, R., BastidasArteaga, E., Horrillo-Caraballo, J. (2019), Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 220, 529-543.
Sarmiento, N., Belmonte, S., Dellicompagni, P., Franco, J., Escalante, K., Sarmiento, J. (2019), A solar irradiation GIS as decision support tool for the Province of Salta, Argentina. Renewable Energy, 132, 68-80.
Shuai, Z., Sun, Y., Shen, Z.J., Tian, W., Tu, C., Li, Y., Yin, X. (2016), Microgrid stability: Classification and a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 58, 167-179.
Sood, V.K., Abdelgawad, H. (2019), Microgrids architectures. In: Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids. 10th ed. Cambridge: Academic Press. p1-31.
Tamaki, M., Uehara, S., Takagi, K., Ichikawa, T. (2012), Demonstration results using Miyako island mega-solar demonstration research facility. In: PES T&D 2012. United States: IEEE. p1-4.
Tobin, P., Schmidt, N.M., Tosun, J., Burns, C. (2018), Mapping states’ Paris climate pledges: Analyzing targets and groups at COP 21. Global Environmental Change, 48, 11-21.
Tolón, T.I.M. (2013), Operación y Gestión de Microrredes Energéticas Urbanas en un Entorno de Sostenibilidad Energética y Ambiental (Master’s Thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya). Available from: http://www.upcommons.upc.edu/pfc/ bitstream/2099.1/19411/1/tamaratolon_memoriatfm_deposito.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Feb 10]
Xie, H., Zheng, S., Ni, M. (2017), Microgrid development in China: A method for renewable energy and energy storage capacity configuration in a megawatt-level isolated microgrid. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 5(2), 28-35.
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Castro, Adalberto OspinoTroncoso-Mendoza, SonniGallardo, Rafael PeñaZamora-Musa, RonaldOspino C., Adalbertovirtual::894-12024-02-23T15:36:26Z2024-02-23T15:36:26Z2021Castro, A. O., Troncoso-Mendoza, S., Gallardo, R. P., & Zamora-Musa, R. (2021). A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(4), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.95702146-4553https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1077610.32479/ijeep.9570Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coThis Article submits a review of the integration of renewable energies in the contemporary distribution of generated energy. A technological supervision is implemented to observe in a systematic manner the behavior of state of the art technologies in renewable energies, in the search of energetic sustainability, making an analysis of the distribution of the most representative Microgrids at world level. It is to be noted, the great inclusion of energy obtained through solar panels, and Eolic generators. However, there is a great participation of generators from diesel vapor, and gas; while in the storage system batteries are predominant, and sometimes, flywheels and supercapacitors surface. These results are possibly due to the promotion and experience of including new techniques and use of energy resource methodologies9 páginasapplication/pdfengEconJournalsTurkeyhttps://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127268329&doi=10.32479%2fijeep.9570&origin=inward&txGid=16ae987aa37441e6028be19a25f32ea5A review: Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution gridArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85International Journal of Energy Economics and PolicyAmin, M. (2016), Hybrid Microgrid and its Coordination, Doctoral Dissertation, California State University, NorthridgeArango, A., Álvarez, R. (2013), Microgrids: New paradigm in electricity grids. Revista Colombiana de Tecnologías de Avanzada, 2(22), 42-48.Arcamone, R. (2015), Battery selection for different microgrids. In: 2015 Trojan Battery Company, Munich, Germany. p1-20.Bayindir, R., Bekiroglu, E., Hossain, E., Kabalci, E. (2014), Microgrid facility at European union. In: 2014 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application. United States: IEEE. p865-872.Bayindir, R., Hossain, E., Kabalci, E., Billah, K.M.M. (2015), Investigation on North American microgrid facility. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 5(2), 558-574.Becerra, H. (2011), Desarrollo y aplicaciones de microrredes eléctricas en México. In: Taller Sobre Minirredes y Sistemas Híbridos con Energías Renovables en la Electrificación Rural-Universidad de Sao Paulo. p1-65.Bordons, C., Torres, F.G., Valverde, L. (2015), Gestión óptima de la energía en microrredes con generación renovable. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial, 12(2), 117-132.Cabello-Eras, J., Balbis-Morejón, M., Sagastume-Gutiérrez, A., García, A.P., Ulloa, M.C., Rey-Martínez, F.J., Rueda-Bayona, J.G. (2019), A look to the electricity generation from non-conventional renewable energy sources in Colombia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(1), 15-25Cantarero, M.M.V. (2018), Reviewing the Nicaraguan transition to a renewable energy system: Why is “business-as-usual” no longer an option? Energy Policy, 120, 580-592.Chilán, J.C.H., Torres, S.G.P., Machuca, B.I.F., Cordova, A.J.T., Pérez, C.A.M., Gamez, M.R. (2018), Social impact of renewable energy sources in the province of Loja. International Journal of Physical Sciences and Engineering, 2(1), 13-25.de Sousa Mascarenhas, F., Brown, I.F., da Silva, S.S. (2018), Desmatamento e incêndios florestais transformando a realidade da Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 48, 236-262.Falahati, B., Chua, E., Kazemi, A. (2016), A novel design for an expandable, modular microgrid unit. In: 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference. United States: IEEE. p1-5.Gaona, E.E., Trujillo, C.A., Guacaneme, J.A. (2015), Rural microgrids and its potential application in Colombia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, 125-137.González, H.D. (2012), Diseño De Un Sistema Fotovoltaico Para La Generación De Energía Eléctrica En El Cobaev 35 Xalapa. p1-172. Available from: http://www.cdigital.uv.mx/ bitstream/123456789/31561/1/dominguezgonzalezhector.pdf. [Last accessed on 2019 Dec 01].Grids, S. (2011), La Evolución de la Red Eléctrica, Observatorio Industrial del Sector de la Electrónica, Tecnologías de la Información y Telecomunicaciones.Gui, E.M., Diesendorf, M., MacGill, I. (2017), Distributed energy infrastructure paradigm: Community microgrids in a new institutional economics context. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 1355-1365.Guilherme, P., Morante, F. (2012), A busca pelo sucesso em projetos de eletrificação rural descentralizada por meio de sistemas híbridos de geração de energia elétrica. In: VI Encontro Nacional da Anppas, Belém. p1-28.Hatziargyriou, N. (2014), Microgrids: Architectures and Control. United States: John Wiley & SonsJiang, L., Wang, C., Huang, Y., Pei, Z., Xin, S., Wang, W., Brown, T. (2015), Growth in wind and sun: Integrating variable generation in China. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 13(6), 40-49.Josa, A.C. (2011), Primeros pasos hacia las redes inteligentes en España. Visión del operador del sistema. Cuadernos de Energía, 32, 33-41.Lee, Y.D., Chang, Y.R., Chan, C.M., Ho, Y.H. (2012), Preliminary implementation of microgrid with photovoltaic and microturbine for stand alone operation. In: 2012 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. United States: IEEE. p1-9.León-Trigo, L.I., Reyes-Archundia, E., Gutiérrez-Gnecchi, J.A., MéndezPatiño, A., Chávez-Campos, G.M. (2019), Smart grids en México: Situación actual, retos y propuesta de implementación. Ingeniería, Investigación y Tecnología, 20(2), 1-12Lidula, N.W.A., Rajapakse, A.D. (2011), Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 186-202Mahieux, C., Oudalov, A. (2014), Microrredes: Integración de microrredes con tecnologías de ABB. Revista ABB, 4, 54-60.Mata, O.N., Villalba, D.O., Palma-Behnke, R. (2013), Microrredes en la red eléctrica del futuro-caso Huatacondo. Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología, 29(2), 1-16.Morozumi, S. (2015), Japanese island grid experience. In: Island EnergyStatus and Perspectives. Available from: https://www.iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/imports/events/111/3morozumi_nedo.pdf. [Last accessed on 2020 Mar 01].Munoz, A. (2019), Microgrids for disaster management: An ethical risk perspective. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 38(4), 70-74Muñoz, Y., Zafra, D., Acevedo, V., Ospino, A. (2014), Analysis of energy production with different photovoltaic technologies in the Colombian geography. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 59(1), 012012.Nam, Y.H., Lee, H.D., Kim, Y.R., Marito, F., Kim, M.Y., Rho, D.S. (2017), Economic evaluation algorithm of island micro-grid for utility and independent power producer. The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 66(7), 1032-1038.Onodera, O. (2013), Micro-grid activities related to Japan. In: Microgrid World Forum, Irvine, California, Estados Unidos. p1-24.Ospino, A.J.C., Ortega, J. (2013), Set of elements, parameters and considerations to get the successful inclusion of the smart grids in Colombian power systems. In: IMETI 2013-6th International MultiConference on Engineering and Technological Innovation. p166-169.Papaioannou, D.I., Papadimitriou, C.N., Dimeas, A.L., Zountouridou, E.I., Kiokes, G.C., Hatziargyriou, N.D. (2014), Optimization and sensitivity analysis of microgrids using HOMER software-a case study. In: India Conference (INDICON). United States: IEEE.Rese, L. (2012), Modelagem, Análise de Estabilidade e Controle de Microrredes de Energia Elétrica, Doctoral Dissertation.Rueda-Bayona, J.G., Guzmán, A., Eras, J.J.C., Silva-Casarín, R., BastidasArteaga, E., Horrillo-Caraballo, J. (2019), Renewables energies in Colombia and the opportunity for the offshore wind technology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 220, 529-543.Sarmiento, N., Belmonte, S., Dellicompagni, P., Franco, J., Escalante, K., Sarmiento, J. (2019), A solar irradiation GIS as decision support tool for the Province of Salta, Argentina. 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IEEE Electrification Magazine, 5(2), 28-35.248240411Renewable energiesDistributed generationMicrogridGeneration systemsEnergetic sustainabilityPublicationaf89e44d-2c08-45ae-b01c-cd941b86fa8avirtual::894-1af89e44d-2c08-45ae-b01c-cd941b86fa8avirtual::894-1https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=ODmDjToAAAAJ&hl=esvirtual::894-10000-0003-1466-0424virtual::894-1ORIGINALA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdfA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf525331https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6ee62ea2-671c-4884-ad9f-6d8cb3341db6/download781c90b84a1a8e73e7b7f7622b592fc3MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58e77319-a4dd-4756-be5d-309100eb3035/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdf.txtA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain38892https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/aa9a74b3-911c-4e80-af11-e5caa75bdff7/downloadcf61643e6dd9a486b56efb9accb5e7a3MD53THUMBNAILA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdf.jpgA review, Integration of renewable energies in the sustainability of the electric distribution grid.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16695https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c020dc34-95c5-4c6c-baa6-013849b91808/download8e282c0ccd15e346b3fc3355099d3648MD5411323/10776oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/107762025-02-25 11:44:44.285https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
