Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis

The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials has had an upward surge in recent years, not only because of the type of technology but also because of the unique properties and characteristics of nanomaterials. This growth motivated us to make an analysis of emerging technologies in the develop...

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Autores:
Cely Bautista, Maria Mercedes
Castellar Ortega, Grey
Jaramillo Colpas, Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13603
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13603
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Bibliometric
Bimetallic nanoparticles
Emerging technology
Nano-Ag
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticle/metal
Scientometric
Nano-Au
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13603
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
title Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
spellingShingle Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
Bibliometric
Bimetallic nanoparticles
Emerging technology
Nano-Ag
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticle/metal
Scientometric
Nano-Au
title_short Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
title_full Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
title_fullStr Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
title_full_unstemmed Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
title_sort Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysis
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Cely Bautista, Maria Mercedes
Castellar Ortega, Grey
Jaramillo Colpas, Javier
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Cely Bautista, Maria Mercedes
Castellar Ortega, Grey
Jaramillo Colpas, Javier
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Bibliometric
Bimetallic nanoparticles
Emerging technology
Nano-Ag
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticle/metal
Scientometric
Nano-Au
topic Bibliometric
Bimetallic nanoparticles
Emerging technology
Nano-Ag
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticle/metal
Scientometric
Nano-Au
description The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials has had an upward surge in recent years, not only because of the type of technology but also because of the unique properties and characteristics of nanomaterials. This growth motivated us to make an analysis of emerging technologies in the development of metallic, bimetallic, and metal-oxide nanoparticles covering a period of ten years, which have had a high impact on the development of different products applied to biomedicine, electronics, agriculture, energy, plastics, etc. This research found more than one and a half million scientific papers under the keyword ‘nanotechnology’ in the Scopus database. This article reports a scientometric analysis where aspects such as articles with the highest number of citations, countries with the highest production, representative institutions in the field, authors and the relation of citations, correlations between them, keyword analysis, as well as the most studied topics in this field were investigated. On the other hand, the number of patents produced was reviewed in a general way. The databases Scopus, Journal Citation Report, VOSviewer, and other computer tools were used for the analysis. The results showed the United States (17.3%) and China (15.3%) as the countries with the greatest impact on studying metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles, with a high correlation between different countries. It is worth highlighting the participation of India with 10.1% and more than twice as many scientific papers as Germany; in the case of patents, the United States and China accounted for 55.3% of the total patents.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-14
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-30T15:40:04Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-30T15:40:04Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Cely-Bautista, M. M., Castellar-Ortega, G., & Jaramillo-Colpas, J. (2023). Emerging Technologies in the Development of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles in the Last Decade: A Scientometric Analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 55(2), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.7
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2337-5779
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.7
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 338-5502
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Cely-Bautista, M. M., Castellar-Ortega, G., & Jaramillo-Colpas, J. (2023). Emerging Technologies in the Development of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles in the Last Decade: A Scientometric Analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 55(2), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.7
2337-5779
10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.7
338-5502
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13603
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Kumar, S., Nehra, M., Kedia, D., Dilbaghi, N., Tankeshwar, K. & Kim, K.H., Nanotechnology-based Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 106, September 2019, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110154
Usman, M., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A., Nawaz, A., Cheema, S.A., Rehman, H., ur Ashraf, I., Sanaullah, M., Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Current Status, Challenges and Future Opportunities, Sci. Total Environ., 721, 137778, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137778.
Neme, K., Nafady, A., Uddin, S. & Tola, Y.B., Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture, Postharvest Loss Reduction and Food Processing: Food Security Implication and Challenges, Heliyon, 7(12), e08539, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08539.
Pandey, G., Challenges and Future Prospects of Agri-Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture in India, Environ. Technol. Innov., 11, pp. 299-307, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2018.06.012
Nugraheni, P., Soeriyadi, A., Ustadi, Sediawan, W. & Budhijanto, W., Comparison of Formulation Methods to Produce Nano-Chitosan as Inhibitor Agent for Bacterial Growth, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 51(3), pp. 430- 441, 2019.
Azzawi, M., Seifalian, A. & Ahmed, W., Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases, Nanomedicine, 11(16), pp. 2025-2027, 2016. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2016-8000.
Joseph, X., Akhil, V., Arathi, A. & Mohanan, P.V., Nanobiomaterials in Support of Drug Delivery Related Issues, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 279(March 2021), 115680, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2022.115680.
Pullela, P.K., Korrapati, S., Sharan Teja Reddy, K. & Vijayalakshmi, U., Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles at Near Zero-Cost, Mater. Today Proc., 54, pp. 255-258, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.306.
Ullah, M., Wahab, A., Khan, D., Saeed, S., Khan, S.U., Ullah, N. & Saleh, T.A., Modified Gold and Polymeric Gold Nanostructures: Toxicology and Biomedical Applications, Colloids Interface Sci. Commun., 42(April), 100412, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100412.
Mirsasaani, S.S., Hemati, M., Tavasoli, T., Dehkord, E.S., Yazdi, G.T. & Poshtiri, D.A., Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry, Nanotechnology and Nanobiomaterials in Dentistry, pp. 17-33, 2013. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-3127-5.00002-7.
S Khan, S., Naushad, M., Al-Gheethi, A. & Iqbal, J., Engineered Nanoparticles for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater: Current Status and Future Prospects of Nanotechnology for Remediation Strategies, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(5), 106160, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106160.
Siddiqui, S.I., Chaudhry, S.A., Iron Oxide and Its Modified forms as an Adsorbent for Arsenic Removal: A Comprehensive Recent Advancement, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 111, pp. 592-626, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2017.08.009.
Zhang, X., Cheng, X., Zhang, Q., Nanostructured Energy Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: A Review, J. Energy Chem., 25(6), pp. 967-984, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2016.11.003.
Li, W.H., Lai-Iskandar, S., Tan, D., Simonini, L., Dudon, J.-P., Leong, F.N., Tay, R.Y., Tsang, S.H., Joshi, S.C. & Teo, E.H.T., Thermal Conductivity Enhancement and Shape Stabilization of Phase-Change Materials Using Three-Dimensional Graphene and Graphene Powder, Energy & Fuels, 34(2), pp. 2435-2444, Feb. 2020. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03013.
Ratnawati, Slamet, Wongso, V., Gunlazuardi, J. & Ibadurrohman, M., A Comparative Study of Pt Deposition Methods (Chemical Reduction vs Photo - Asisted Deposition) onto Tio2 Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Photo-Production., J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 54(6), 220612, 2022.
Bosubabu, D., Sivaraj, J., Gurunathan, P. & Ramesha, K., Hollow Co3O4 Microspheres Grafted with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Sulfur Host for High Performing Lithium–Sulfur Batteries, Energy & Fuels, 34(12), pp. 16810-16818, 2020. doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03104
Vivek, E., Arulraj, A., Krishnan, S.G., Khalid, M. & Vetha, I., Novel Nanostructured Nd(OH)3/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites (Nanorolls Anchored on Nanosheets) as Reliable Electrode Material for Supercapacitors, Energy & Fuels, 35(18), pp. 15205-15212, 2021. doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02621.
Abdullah, M. & Kamarudin, S.K., Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes (TNT) in Energy and Environmental Applications: An Overview, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 76(February 2016), pp. 212-225, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.057.
Shen, S., Chen, J., Wang, M., Sheng, X., Chen, X., Feng, X. & Mao, S.S., Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Applications, Prog. Mater. Sci., 98, no. October 2017, pp. 299-385, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2018.07.006.
Muangpratoom, P., The Effect of Temperature on the Electrical Characteristics of Nanofluids Based on Palm Oil, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 53(3), 210312, 2021.
Cely Bautista, M.M., Vanegas Chamorro, M. & Piñeres, J., Impacto de Investigaciones Sobre Grafitización de Antracitas durante los años 1960-2018/Impact of Research on Anthracite Graphitization during the Years 1960 - 2018, Prospectiva, 18(1), pp. 32-39, 2020. doi: 10.15665/rp.v18i1.2087
Vanegas Chamorro, M.C., Estudio Del Mecanismo De Grafitización De Antracitas Sudafricanas, Doctoral Thesis, Universidad de Oviedo, 2012. Available: https://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/handle/10651/13202
Wen, Y., China Economic Review China’s Industrial Revolution: A New Perspective, China Econ. Rev., 69, 101671, 2021. doi:10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101.
Pode, R., Potential Applications of Rice Husk Ash Waste from Rice Husk Biomass Power Plant, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 53, pp. 1468-1485, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.051
Clavero, C., Plasmon-Induced Hot-Electron Generation at Nanoparticle/Metal-Oxide Interfaces for Photovoltaic and Photocatalytic Devices, Nat. Photonics, 8, pp. 95-103, 2014, doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2013.238.
Manke, A., Wang, L. &, Rojanasakul, Y., Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity, Biomed Res. Int., 2013, 942916, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/942916.
Reidy, B., Haase, A., Luch, A., Dawson, K.A. & Lynch, I., Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Release, Transformation and Toxicity: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations for Future Studies and Applications, Materials (Basel), 6(6), pp. 2295-2350, 2013. doi: 10.3390/ma6062295
Rose, S., Prevoteau, A. & Elzière, P., Nanoparticle Solutions as Adhesives for Gels and Biological Tissues, Nature, 505, pp. 382-385, 2014. doi:10.1038/nature12806.
Kanekiyo, M., Wei, C., Yassine, H.M., McTamney, P.M., Jeffrey, C., Whittle, J.R.R., Rao, S.S., Kong, W., Wang, L. & Gary, J., Self-Assembling Influenza Nanoparticle Vaccines Elicit Broadly Neutralizing H1N1 Antibodies, Nature, 499(7456), pp. 102-106, 2013. doi: 10.1038/nature12202.Self-Assembling.
Han, L., Yu, C. & Jianlin, S., Nanoparticle-triggered In Situ Catalytic Chemical Reactions for Tumour-specific Therapy, Chem. Soc. Rev., 47(6), pp. 1938-1958, 2018.doi: 10.1039/C7CS00471K.
Riley, R.S. & Day, E.S., Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Therapy: Applications And Opportunities for Multimodal Cancer Treatment, Wiley Interdicipline Nanomed Nanobiotechnol, 9(4), pp. 139-148, 2017, doi: 10.1002/wnan.1449.Gold.
Shin, T.H., Choi, Y., Kim, S., Cheon, J., Recent Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Multi-Modal Imaging, Chem. Soc. Rev.,44(14), pp. 4501-4516, 2015. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00345d
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)©2023 Published by IRCS - ITBhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Cely Bautista, Maria MercedesCastellar Ortega, GreyJaramillo Colpas, Javier2024-10-30T15:40:04Z2024-10-30T15:40:04Z2023-06-14Cely-Bautista, M. M., Castellar-Ortega, G., & Jaramillo-Colpas, J. (2023). Emerging Technologies in the Development of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles in the Last Decade: A Scientometric Analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences, 55(2), 177-188. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.72337-5779https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1360310.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.2.7338-5502Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials has had an upward surge in recent years, not only because of the type of technology but also because of the unique properties and characteristics of nanomaterials. This growth motivated us to make an analysis of emerging technologies in the development of metallic, bimetallic, and metal-oxide nanoparticles covering a period of ten years, which have had a high impact on the development of different products applied to biomedicine, electronics, agriculture, energy, plastics, etc. This research found more than one and a half million scientific papers under the keyword ‘nanotechnology’ in the Scopus database. This article reports a scientometric analysis where aspects such as articles with the highest number of citations, countries with the highest production, representative institutions in the field, authors and the relation of citations, correlations between them, keyword analysis, as well as the most studied topics in this field were investigated. On the other hand, the number of patents produced was reviewed in a general way. The databases Scopus, Journal Citation Report, VOSviewer, and other computer tools were used for the analysis. The results showed the United States (17.3%) and China (15.3%) as the countries with the greatest impact on studying metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles, with a high correlation between different countries. It is worth highlighting the participation of India with 10.1% and more than twice as many scientific papers as Germany; in the case of patents, the United States and China accounted for 55.3% of the total patents.12 páginasapplication/pdfengInstitut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)Indonesiahttps://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/jets/article/view/19676Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade: a scientometric analysisArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Engineering and Technological SciencesKumar, S., Nehra, M., Kedia, D., Dilbaghi, N., Tankeshwar, K. & Kim, K.H., Nanotechnology-based Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 106, September 2019, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110154Usman, M., Farooq, M., Wakeel, A., Nawaz, A., Cheema, S.A., Rehman, H., ur Ashraf, I., Sanaullah, M., Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Current Status, Challenges and Future Opportunities, Sci. Total Environ., 721, 137778, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137778.Neme, K., Nafady, A., Uddin, S. & Tola, Y.B., Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture, Postharvest Loss Reduction and Food Processing: Food Security Implication and Challenges, Heliyon, 7(12), e08539, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08539.Pandey, G., Challenges and Future Prospects of Agri-Nanotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture in India, Environ. Technol. Innov., 11, pp. 299-307, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2018.06.012Nugraheni, P., Soeriyadi, A., Ustadi, Sediawan, W. & Budhijanto, W., Comparison of Formulation Methods to Produce Nano-Chitosan as Inhibitor Agent for Bacterial Growth, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 51(3), pp. 430- 441, 2019.Azzawi, M., Seifalian, A. & Ahmed, W., Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases, Nanomedicine, 11(16), pp. 2025-2027, 2016. doi: 10.2217/nnm-2016-8000.Joseph, X., Akhil, V., Arathi, A. & Mohanan, P.V., Nanobiomaterials in Support of Drug Delivery Related Issues, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 279(March 2021), 115680, 2022. doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2022.115680.Pullela, P.K., Korrapati, S., Sharan Teja Reddy, K. & Vijayalakshmi, U., Concentration of Gold Nanoparticles at Near Zero-Cost, Mater. Today Proc., 54, pp. 255-258, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.08.306.Ullah, M., Wahab, A., Khan, D., Saeed, S., Khan, S.U., Ullah, N. & Saleh, T.A., Modified Gold and Polymeric Gold Nanostructures: Toxicology and Biomedical Applications, Colloids Interface Sci. Commun., 42(April), 100412, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.colcom.2021.100412.Mirsasaani, S.S., Hemati, M., Tavasoli, T., Dehkord, E.S., Yazdi, G.T. & Poshtiri, D.A., Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry, Nanotechnology and Nanobiomaterials in Dentistry, pp. 17-33, 2013. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-3127-5.00002-7.S Khan, S., Naushad, M., Al-Gheethi, A. & Iqbal, J., Engineered Nanoparticles for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater: Current Status and Future Prospects of Nanotechnology for Remediation Strategies, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(5), 106160, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106160.Siddiqui, S.I., Chaudhry, S.A., Iron Oxide and Its Modified forms as an Adsorbent for Arsenic Removal: A Comprehensive Recent Advancement, Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 111, pp. 592-626, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2017.08.009.Zhang, X., Cheng, X., Zhang, Q., Nanostructured Energy Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: A Review, J. Energy Chem., 25(6), pp. 967-984, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jechem.2016.11.003.Li, W.H., Lai-Iskandar, S., Tan, D., Simonini, L., Dudon, J.-P., Leong, F.N., Tay, R.Y., Tsang, S.H., Joshi, S.C. & Teo, E.H.T., Thermal Conductivity Enhancement and Shape Stabilization of Phase-Change Materials Using Three-Dimensional Graphene and Graphene Powder, Energy & Fuels, 34(2), pp. 2435-2444, Feb. 2020. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b03013.Ratnawati, Slamet, Wongso, V., Gunlazuardi, J. & Ibadurrohman, M., A Comparative Study of Pt Deposition Methods (Chemical Reduction vs Photo - Asisted Deposition) onto Tio2 Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Photo-Production., J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 54(6), 220612, 2022.Bosubabu, D., Sivaraj, J., Gurunathan, P. & Ramesha, K., Hollow Co3O4 Microspheres Grafted with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Sulfur Host for High Performing Lithium–Sulfur Batteries, Energy & Fuels, 34(12), pp. 16810-16818, 2020. doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c03104Vivek, E., Arulraj, A., Krishnan, S.G., Khalid, M. & Vetha, I., Novel Nanostructured Nd(OH)3/g-C3N4 Nanocomposites (Nanorolls Anchored on Nanosheets) as Reliable Electrode Material for Supercapacitors, Energy & Fuels, 35(18), pp. 15205-15212, 2021. doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02621.Abdullah, M. & Kamarudin, S.K., Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes (TNT) in Energy and Environmental Applications: An Overview, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 76(February 2016), pp. 212-225, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.057.Shen, S., Chen, J., Wang, M., Sheng, X., Chen, X., Feng, X. & Mao, S.S., Titanium Dioxide Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Applications, Prog. Mater. Sci., 98, no. 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Rev.,44(14), pp. 4501-4516, 2015. doi: 10.1039/c4cs00345d188177255BibliometricBimetallic nanoparticlesEmerging technologyNano-AgNanomaterialsNanoparticle/metalScientometricNano-AuPublicationORIGINALEmerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade a scientometric analysis.pdfEmerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade a scientometric analysis.pdfapplication/pdf475350https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ab57d933-207c-42c3-b90b-018ba747b168/download20d2d60d85de306c0cddad5b738f653bMD51Emerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade a scientometric analysis.pdfEmerging technologies in the development of metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles in the last decade a scientometric 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decade a scientometric analysis.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15100https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/cc6e08bd-5c5a-4ffc-b019-206c174c063f/download9dc7bbcc145568abebf97be2b7fda88bMD5511323/13603oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/136032024-10-31 03:00:32.594https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/©2023 Published by IRCS - ITBopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
