Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors...

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Autores:: Dicker, Daniel
Nguyen, Grant
Abate, Degu
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
Abay, Solomon M
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi, Nooshin
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2017

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: eng

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Mortalidad y esperanza de vida globales, regionales y nacionales según edad y sexo, 1950-2017: un análisis sistemático para el estudio de la carga mundial de la enfermedad 2017
title	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
spellingShingle	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 División de Población de las Naciones Unidas Mortalidad específica por edad y la esperanza de vida Departamento de Economía y Asuntos Sociales Population Division of the United Nations Mortality specific to age and life expectancy Department of Economy and Social Affairs
title_short	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
title_full	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
title_fullStr	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
title_full_unstemmed	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
title_sort	Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Dicker, Daniel Nguyen, Grant Abate, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abay, Solomon M Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi, Nooshin Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Dicker, Daniel Nguyen, Grant Abate, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abay, Solomon M Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi, Nooshin Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	División de Población de las Naciones Unidas Mortalidad específica por edad y la esperanza de vida Departamento de Economía y Asuntos Sociales Population Division of the United Nations Mortality specific to age and life expectancy Department of Economy and Social Affairs
topic	División de Población de las Naciones Unidas Mortalidad específica por edad y la esperanza de vida Departamento de Economía y Asuntos Sociales Population Division of the United Nations Mortality specific to age and life expectancy Department of Economy and Social Affairs
description	Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally
publishDate	2017
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2017
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2019-06-04T13:51:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2019-06-04T13:51:51Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	1 Harkness AG. Age at marriage and at death in the Roman Empire. Trans Am Philol Assoc 1896; 27: 35–72. 2 Scheidel W. Disease and death in the ancient city of Rome. Rochester: Social Science Research Network, 2009. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1347510 (accessed July 13, 2018). 3 UN. Sustainable development knowledge platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs (accessed July 13, 2018). 4 GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1084–150. 5 Ahmad OB, Lopez AD, Inoue M. The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1175–91. 6 You D, Jin NR, Wardlaw T. Levels & trends in child mortality. 2012. http://ihi.eprints.org/714/ (accessed July 13, 2018). 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52: 101–04, 106. 8 Roser M. Life expectancy. Our World in Data, 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy#rising-life-expectancyaround-the-world (accessed July 13, 2018). 9 US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The State of US health, 1990–2016: burden of disease, injuries, and risk factors among US States. JAMA 2018; 319: 1444–72. 10 Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, et al. Inequalities in life expectancy among US counties, 1980 to 2014: temporal trends and key drivers. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177: 1003–11. 11 Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 293, December 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db293.htm (accessed April 9, 2018). 12 Newton JN, Briggs ADM, Wolfe CDA. Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 386: 2257–74. 13 Fransham M, Dorling D. Have mortality improvements stalled in England? BMJ 2017; 357: j1946. 14 Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1084–150. 15 Mokdad AH, Forouzanfar MH, Daoud F, et al. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Glob Health 2016; 4: e704–13. 16 Gómez-Dantés H, Fullman N, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, et al. Dissonant health transition in the states of Mexico, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016; 388: 2386–402. 17 Preston SH, Vierboom YC, Stokes A. The role of obesity in exceptionally slow US mortality improvement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018; 115: 957–61. 18 Walls HL, Backholer K, Proietto J, McNeil JJ. Obesity and trends in life expectancy. J Obesity 2012; 2012: 107989. 19 Angelantonio ED, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet 2016; 388: 776–86. 20 Groenewald P, Nannan N, Bourne D, Laubscher R, Bradshaw D. Identifying deaths from AIDS in South Africa. AIDS 2005; 19: 193–201. 21 Kahn K, Garenne ML, Collinson MA, Tollman SM. Mortality trends in a new South Africa: hard to make a fresh start. Scand J Public Health Suppl 2007; 69: 26–34. 22 National Research Council (US) Committee on Population. Bobadilla JL, Costello CA, and Mitchell F, eds. Premature death in the new independent states. Washington: National Academies Press 23 National Research Council (US) Committee on Population, Bobadilla JL, Costello CA, Mitchell F, eds. Epidemiological transitions in the formerly socialist economies: divergent patterns of mortality and causes of death. National Academies Press (US), 1997. 24 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World population prospects: the 2017 revision. https://www.un.org/development/desa/ publications/world-population-prospects-the-2017-revision.html (accessed April 7, 2018). 25 United States Census Bureau. International data base. https://www. census.gov/programs-surveys/international-programs/about/idb. html (accessed April 8, 2018). 26 WHO. WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates 2000–2011. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/ GlobalDALYmethods_2000_2011.pdf (accessed April 8, 2018). 27 National Bureau of Statistics of China. National data. http://data. stats.gov.cn/english/mapdata.htm?cn=E0103&zb=A0301 (accessed April 8, 2018). 28 Government of India. Mortality. Open government data (OGD) platform India. https://data.gov.in/keywords/mortality (accessed April 8, 2018). 29 National Bureau of statistics (Nigeria). Population and vital statistics. pdf. http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary?queries[search]=vital (accessed April 8, 2018). 30 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1459–544. 31 GBD 2017 Population and Fertility collaborators. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1995–2051. 32 Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, et al. Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet 2016; 388: e19–23. 33 Murray CJ, Rajaratnam JK, Marcus J, Laakso T, Lopez AD. What can we conclude from death registration? Improved methods for evaluating completeness. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000262. 34 Brass W. Demographic data analysis in less developed countries: 1946–1996. Pop Stud 1996; 50: 451–67. 35 Hill K. Estimating census and death registration completeness. Asian Pac Popul Forum 1987; 1: 8–13, 23–4. 36 Vincent P. La mortalité des vieillards. Population 1951; 6: 181–204. 37 Bennett NG, Horiuch S. Estimating the completeness of death registration in a closed population. Popul Index 1981; 47: 207–21. 38 Hill K, You D, Choi Y. Death distribution methods for estimating adult mortality: Sensitivity analysis with simulated data errors. Demogr Res 2009; 21: 235–54. 39 Rajaratnam JK, Tran LN, Lopez AD, Murray CJL. Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000253. 40 Obermeyer Z, Rajaratnam JK, Park CH, et al. Measuring adult mortality using sibling survival: a new analytical method and new results for 44 countries, 1974–2006. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000260. 41 Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Manual X. Indirect techniques for demographic estimation: a collaboration of the Population Division of the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat with the Committee on Population and Demography of the National Research Council, United States National Academy of Sciences. New York: United Nations, 1983. 42 Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network. Trends in future health financing and coverage: future health spending and universal health coverage in 188 countries, 2016–40. Lancet 2018; 391: 1783–98. 43 Gakidou E, Cowling K, Lozano R, Murray CJ. Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; 376: 959–74. 44 Murray CJL, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384: 1005–70. 45 Ghys PD, Brown T, Grassly NC, et al. The UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package: a software package to estimate and project national HIV epidemics. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80 (suppl 1): i5–9. 46 McKeown T. The role of medicine: dream, mirage, or nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. 47 Preston SH. The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36: 484–90. 48 EM-DAT. The international disasters database. https://www.emdat. be/index.php (accessed July 13, 2018). 49 Grangereau P. La Chine creuse ses trous de mémoire. Libération. June 17, 2011. http://www.liberation.fr/planete/2011/06/17/la-chinecreuse-ses-trous-de-memoire_743211 (accessed July 13, 2018). 50 Emslie C, Hunt K. The weaker sex? Exploring lay understandings of gender differences in life expectancy: a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 2008; 67: 808–16. 51 Coale AJ, Demeny PG, Vaughan B. Regional model life tables and stable populations. New York: Academic, 1983. 52 United Nations. Age and sex patterns of mortality: model life tables for under-developed countries. Population Studies, No. 22. Department of Social Affairs. Sales No. 1955.XIII.9. New York: United Nations, 1955. 53 Gakidou E, King G. Death by survey: estimating adult mortality without selection bias from sibling survival data. Demography 2006; 43: 569–85. 54 Masquelier B. Adult mortality from sibling survival data: a reappraisal of selection biases. Demography 2013; 50: 207–28.
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spelling	Dicker, DanielNguyen, GrantAbate, DeguAbate, Kalkidan HassenAbay, Solomon MAbbafati, CristianaAbbasi, NooshinAbbastabar, HedayatAbd-Allah, Foad2019-06-04T13:51:51Z2019-06-04T13:51:51Z2017https://hdl.handle.net/11323/4779Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globallyLa División de Población de las Naciones Unidas ha realizado evaluaciones de antecedentes de la mortalidad específica por edad y la esperanza de vida. Departamento de Economía y Asuntos Sociales (UNPOP), la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, la OMS, y como parte de iteraciones previas del Estudio de la Carga Global de Enfermedades, Lesiones y Factores de Riesgo (GBD). Iteraciones anteriores de el GBD utilizó estimaciones de población de UNPOP, que no se derivaron de una manera que fuera internamente coherente Con las estimaciones de los números de defunciones en la GBD. La presente iteración de la GBD, GBD 2017, mejora en evaluaciones previas y proporciona estimaciones oportunas de la experiencia de mortalidad de las poblaciones a nivel mundialDicker, Daniel-0e34034e-1645-4a92-94b3-5c7366c99177-0Nguyen, Grant-48a76e3f-d1c5-4e14-803f-3e826397462f-0Abate, Degu-3ef4b67e-d984-47fb-8d9d-e04de0529398-0Abate, Kalkidan Hassen-7f68f0b5-357f-4a33-89cb-cc36d3b43b75-0Abay, Solomon M-6849fef0-eef0-4113-bb1a-e16a8c8e9cd3-0Abbafati, Cristiana-ba1d5f54-2078-47d6-895f-318ae54d6ff4-0Abbasi, Nooshin-5ecf8be2-10ab-4c39-99b3-122dad7c2c46-0Abbastabar, Hedayat-a0afb53f-f890-42f1-a39f-11d28e6c0395-0Abd-Allah, Foad-a9af1a20-8108-4516-9f91-d10165af1f4b-0engThe Lancethttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2División de Población de las Naciones UnidasMortalidad específica por edad y la esperanza de vidaDepartamento de Economía y Asuntos SocialesPopulation Division of the United NationsMortality specific to age and life expectancyDepartment of Economy and Social AffairsGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017Mortalidad y esperanza de vida globales, regionales y nacionales según edad y sexo, 1950-2017: un análisis sistemático para el estudio de la carga mundial de la enfermedad 2017Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1 Harkness AG. Age at marriage and at death in the Roman Empire. Trans Am Philol Assoc 1896; 27: 35–72. 2 Scheidel W. Disease and death in the ancient city of Rome. Rochester: Social Science Research Network, 2009. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1347510 (accessed July 13, 2018). 3 UN. Sustainable development knowledge platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs (accessed July 13, 2018). 4 GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1084–150. 5 Ahmad OB, Lopez AD, Inoue M. The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1175–91. 6 You D, Jin NR, Wardlaw T. Levels & trends in child mortality. 2012. http://ihi.eprints.org/714/ (accessed July 13, 2018). 7 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52: 101–04, 106. 8 Roser M. Life expectancy. Our World in Data, 2018. https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy#rising-life-expectancyaround-the-world (accessed July 13, 2018). 9 US Burden of Disease Collaborators. The State of US health, 1990–2016: burden of disease, injuries, and risk factors among US States. JAMA 2018; 319: 1444–72. 10 Dwyer-Lindgren L, Bertozzi-Villa A, Stubbs RW, et al. Inequalities in life expectancy among US counties, 1980 to 2014: temporal trends and key drivers. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177: 1003–11. 11 Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Xu J, Arias E. Mortality in the United States, 2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 293, December 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db293.htm (accessed April 9, 2018). 12 Newton JN, Briggs ADM, Wolfe CDA. Changes in health in England, with analysis by English regions and areas of deprivation, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2015; 386: 2257–74. 13 Fransham M, Dorling D. Have mortality improvements stalled in England? BMJ 2017; 357: j1946. 14 Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1084–150. 15 Mokdad AH, Forouzanfar MH, Daoud F, et al. Health in times of uncertainty in the eastern Mediterranean region, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet Glob Health 2016; 4: e704–13. 16 Gómez-Dantés H, Fullman N, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, et al. Dissonant health transition in the states of Mexico, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2016; 388: 2386–402. 17 Preston SH, Vierboom YC, Stokes A. The role of obesity in exceptionally slow US mortality improvement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018; 115: 957–61. 18 Walls HL, Backholer K, Proietto J, McNeil JJ. Obesity and trends in life expectancy. J Obesity 2012; 2012: 107989. 19 Angelantonio ED, Bhupathiraju SN, Wormser D, et al. Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet 2016; 388: 776–86. 20 Groenewald P, Nannan N, Bourne D, Laubscher R, Bradshaw D. Identifying deaths from AIDS in South Africa. AIDS 2005; 19: 193–201. 21 Kahn K, Garenne ML, Collinson MA, Tollman SM. Mortality trends in a new South Africa: hard to make a fresh start. Scand J Public Health Suppl 2007; 69: 26–34. 22 National Research Council (US) Committee on Population. Bobadilla JL, Costello CA, and Mitchell F, eds. Premature death in the new independent states. Washington: National Academies Press 23 National Research Council (US) Committee on Population, Bobadilla JL, Costello CA, Mitchell F, eds. Epidemiological transitions in the formerly socialist economies: divergent patterns of mortality and causes of death. National Academies Press (US), 1997. 24 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World population prospects: the 2017 revision. https://www.un.org/development/desa/ publications/world-population-prospects-the-2017-revision.html (accessed April 7, 2018). 25 United States Census Bureau. International data base. https://www. census.gov/programs-surveys/international-programs/about/idb. html (accessed April 8, 2018). 26 WHO. WHO methods and data sources for global burden of disease estimates 2000–2011. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/ GlobalDALYmethods_2000_2011.pdf (accessed April 8, 2018). 27 National Bureau of Statistics of China. National data. http://data. stats.gov.cn/english/mapdata.htm?cn=E0103&zb=A0301 (accessed April 8, 2018). 28 Government of India. Mortality. Open government data (OGD) platform India. https://data.gov.in/keywords/mortality (accessed April 8, 2018). 29 National Bureau of statistics (Nigeria). Population and vital statistics. pdf. http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary?queries[search]=vital (accessed April 8, 2018). 30 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1459–544. 31 GBD 2017 Population and Fertility collaborators. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1995–2051. 32 Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, et al. Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet 2016; 388: e19–23. 33 Murray CJ, Rajaratnam JK, Marcus J, Laakso T, Lopez AD. What can we conclude from death registration? Improved methods for evaluating completeness. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000262. 34 Brass W. Demographic data analysis in less developed countries: 1946–1996. Pop Stud 1996; 50: 451–67. 35 Hill K. Estimating census and death registration completeness. Asian Pac Popul Forum 1987; 1: 8–13, 23–4. 36 Vincent P. La mortalité des vieillards. Population 1951; 6: 181–204. 37 Bennett NG, Horiuch S. Estimating the completeness of death registration in a closed population. Popul Index 1981; 47: 207–21. 38 Hill K, You D, Choi Y. Death distribution methods for estimating adult mortality: Sensitivity analysis with simulated data errors. Demogr Res 2009; 21: 235–54. 39 Rajaratnam JK, Tran LN, Lopez AD, Murray CJL. Measuring under-five mortality: validation of new low-cost methods. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000253. 40 Obermeyer Z, Rajaratnam JK, Park CH, et al. Measuring adult mortality using sibling survival: a new analytical method and new results for 44 countries, 1974–2006. PLoS Med 2010; 7: e1000260. 41 Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Manual X. Indirect techniques for demographic estimation: a collaboration of the Population Division of the Department of International Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat with the Committee on Population and Demography of the National Research Council, United States National Academy of Sciences. New York: United Nations, 1983. 42 Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network. Trends in future health financing and coverage: future health spending and universal health coverage in 188 countries, 2016–40. Lancet 2018; 391: 1783–98. 43 Gakidou E, Cowling K, Lozano R, Murray CJ. Increased educational attainment and its effect on child mortality in 175 countries between 1970 and 2009: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2010; 376: 959–74. 44 Murray CJL, Ortblad KF, Guinovart C, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384: 1005–70. 45 Ghys PD, Brown T, Grassly NC, et al. The UNAIDS Estimation and Projection Package: a software package to estimate and project national HIV epidemics. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80 (suppl 1): i5–9. 46 McKeown T. The role of medicine: dream, mirage, or nemesis? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. 47 Preston SH. The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36: 484–90. 48 EM-DAT. The international disasters database. https://www.emdat. be/index.php (accessed July 13, 2018). 49 Grangereau P. La Chine creuse ses trous de mémoire. Libération. 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Demography 2013; 50: 207–28.PublicationORIGINALGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdfGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdfapplication/pdf4246542https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e248886f-3542-4834-9baa-9eacf2c039bc/download49d579af1145ca9ace4830f083f652caMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81031https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a60686ad-4153-4143-9eee-5cd078c04d0f/download934f4ca17e109e0a05eaeaba504d7ce4MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/caddd597-ff60-4438-a1ac-f871ec03a3aa/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdf.jpgGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg74682https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6cc0291d-b186-48e2-8f74-7fea38765d29/download1cba48f503cdb702d772c52601ea9e61MD55TEXTGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdf.txtGlobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and.pdf.txttext/plain306892https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7247c490-a161-4667-9a4d-b4f18245429c/download6dd4603432e561191b027d94bd9c8b60MD5611323/4779oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/47792024-09-17 14:06:14.804http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

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