Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the d...

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Autores:: Spencer L, James
Abate, Degu
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen
Abay, Solomon M
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abbasi, Nooshin
Abbastabar, Hedayat
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdela, Jemal
Alvis Guzman, Nelson

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2018

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: eng

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv	Incidencia global, regional y nacional, prevalencia y años vividos con discapacidad en 354 enfermedades y lesiones en 195 países y territorios, 1990-2017
title	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
spellingShingle	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017 Carga mundial de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo 2017 1990 Población mundial Global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors 2017 World population
title_short	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
title_full	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
title_fullStr	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
title_full_unstemmed	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
title_sort	Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Spencer L, James Abate, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abay, Solomon M Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi, Nooshin Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdela, Jemal Alvis Guzman, Nelson
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Spencer L, James Abate, Degu Abate, Kalkidan Hassen Abay, Solomon M Abbafati, Cristiana Abbasi, Nooshin Abbastabar, Hedayat Abd-Allah, Foad Abdela, Jemal Alvis Guzman, Nelson
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Carga mundial de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo 2017 1990 Población mundial Global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors 2017 World population
topic	Carga mundial de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo 2017 1990 Población mundial Global burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors 2017 World population
description	Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world’s population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.
publishDate	2018
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2019-06-04T13:27:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2019-06-04T13:27:01Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
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dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11323/4776
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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identifier_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	eng
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dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	1 Nino F. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. UNDP. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainabledevelopment-goals.html (accessed March 10, 2017). 2 Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1211–59. 3 Fullman N, Barber RM, Abajobir AA, et al. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59. 4 Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 2017; 377: 13–27. 5 Sajedinejad S, Majdzadeh R, Vedadhir A, Tabatabaei MG, Mohammad K. Maternal mortality: a cross-sectional study in global health. Glob Health 2015; 11: 4. 6 Say L, Chou D, Gemmill A, et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2014; 2: e323–33. 7 Kassebaum NJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Lozano R. A comparison of maternal mortality estimates from GBD 2013 and WHO. Lancet 2014; 384: 2209–10. 8 Kassebaum NJ, Bertozzi-Villa A, Coggeshall MS, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384: 980–1004. 9 Hogan MC, Foreman KJ, Naghavi M, et al. Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980–2008: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5. Lancet 2010; 375: 1609–23. 10 Ginsburg O, Bray F, Coleman MP, et al. The global burden of women’s cancers: a grand challenge in global health. Lancet 2017; 389: 847–60. 11 Bruni L, Diaz M, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, et al. Global estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage by region and income level: a pooled analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2016; 4: e453–63. 12 Ginsburg OM, Love RR. Breast cancer: a neglected disease for the majority of affected women worldwide. Breast J 2011; 17: 289–95. 13 Denslow SA, Rositch AF, Firnhaber C, Ting J, Smith JS. Incidence and progression of cervical lesions in women with HIV: a systematic global review. Int J STD AIDS 2014; 25: 163–77. 14 Adler AJ, Ronsmans C, Calvert C, Filippi V. Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13: 246. 15 Kelly J. Vesico-vaginal fistula. The burden of maternal ill-health. Safe Mother 1999; 5: 7. 16 Ahmed S, Tunçalp Ö. Burden of obstetric fistula: from measurement to action. Lancet Glob Health 2015; 3: e243–44 17 Wall LL. Obstetric fistula is a “neglected tropical disease”. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6: e1769. 18 Higashi H, Barendregt JJ, Kassebaum NJ, Weiser TG, Bickler SW, Vos T. Surgically avertable burden of obstetric conditions in low- and middle-income regions: a modelled analysis. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 122: 228–36. 19 GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1684–735. 20 Stevens GA, Alkema L, Black RE, et al. Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement. Lancet 2016; 388: e19–23. 21 United Nations Population Division. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population. https://www.un.org/development/desa/ en/key-issues/population.html (accessed May 6, 2017). 22 US Census Bureau. International Data Base (IDB). https://www. census.gov/programs-surveys/international-programs/about/idb. html (accessed May 6, 2018). 23 Salomon JA, Haagsma JA, Davis A, et al. Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. Lancet Glob Health 2015; 3: e712–23. 24 GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1995–2051. 25 GBD 2017 Cause of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-specific and sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–88. 26 Mckee S. Rethinking development and health: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Seattle, WA: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2016. 27 The Lancet. The global HIV/AIDS epidemic—progress and challenges. Lancet 2017; 390: 333. 28 Locarnini S, Hatzakis A, Chen D-S, Lok A. Strategies to control hepatitis B: Public policy, epidemiology, vaccine and drugs. J Hepatol 2015; 62: S76–86. 29 Razavi H, ElKhoury AC, Elbasha E, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden and cost in the United States. Hepatology 2012; 57: 2164–70. 30 Hill A, Cooke G. Hepatitis C can be cured globally, but at what cost? Science 2014; 345: 141–42. 31 Kamal-Yanni M. Hepatitis C drug affordability. Lancet Glob Health 2015; 3: e73–74. 32 Attard SM, Herring AH, Zhang B, Du S, Popkin BM, Gordon-larsen P. Associations between age, cohort, and urbanization with Sbp and Dbp in China: a population-based study across 18 years. J Hypertens 2015; 33: 948–56. 33 Song L, Shen L, Li H, et al. Height and prevalence of hypertension in a middle-aged and older Chinese population. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 39480. 34 Muntner P, Gu D, Wu X, et al. Factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a representative sample of the chinese population. Hypertension 2004; 43: 578–85. 35 Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, et al. Explaining the decrease in US deaths from coronary disease, 1980–2000. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 2388–98. 36 Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD, et al. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet 2011; 378: 804–14. 37 Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2011; 124: 2458–73. 38 Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129: S76–99. 39 Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014; 129: S1–45. 40 Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 1635–701. 41 Daya MR, Schmicker RH, Zive DM, et al. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival improving over time: results from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC). Resuscitation 2015; 91: 108. 42 Girotra S, Nallamothu BK, Spertus JA, Li Y, Krumholz HM, Chan PS. Trends in survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 1912. 43 Berger S. Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: are we beginning to see progress? J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6: e007469. 44 American College of Cardiology. Despite overall in-hospital cardiac arrest survival improvement, lower survival on nights, weekends persists. https://www.acc.org/about-acc/press-releases/2018/01/22/ 14/16/despite-overall-in-hospital-cardiac-arrest-survivalimprovement-lower-survival-on-nights-weekends-persists (accessed May 7, 2018). 45 Malhotra A, Rakhit R. Improving the UK’s performance on survival after cardiac arrest. BMJ 2013; 347: f4800. 46 Sasson C, Rogers MAM, Dahl J, Kellermann AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-snalysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010; 3: 63–81. 47 Mora S, Wenger NK, DeMicco DA, et al. Determinants of residual risk in secondary prevention patients treated with high- versus low-dose statin therapy clinical perspective: the treating to new targets (TNT) study. Circulation 2012; 125: 1979–87. 48 Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA 2003; 290: 86. 49 Heaton RK, Grant I, McSweeny AJ, Adams KM, Petty TL. Psychologic effects of continuous and nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 1983; 143: 1941–47. 50 Eaton T, Lewis C, Young P, Kennedy Y, Garrett JE, Kolbe J. Long-term oxygen therapy improves health-related quality of life. Respir Med 2004; 98: 285–93. 51 Clini E, Vitacca M, Foglio K, Simoni P, Ambrosino N. Long-term home care programmes may reduce hospital admissions in COPD with chronic hypercapnia. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 1605–10. 52 Tanni SE, Vale SA, Lopes PS, Guiotoko MM, Godoy I, Godoy I. Influence of the oxygen delivery system on the quality of life of patients with chronic hypoxemia. J Bras Pneumol 2007; 33: 161–67. 53 Ringbaek TJ, Viskum K, Lange P. Does long-term oxygen therapy reduce hospitalisation in hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 38–42. 54 Weitzenblum E, Oswald M, Apprill M, Ratomaharo J, Kessler R. Evolution of physiological variables in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and during long-term oxygen therapy. Respir Int Rev Thorac Dis 1991; 58: 126–31. 55 Poole PJ, Chacko E, Wood-Baker RWB, Cates CJ. Influenza vaccine for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1: CD002733. 56 Wongsurakiat P, Maranetra KN, Wasi C, Kositanont U, Dejsomritrutai W, Charoenratanakul S. Acute respiratory illness in patients with COPD and the effectiveness of influenza vaccination: a randomized controlled study. Chest 2004; 125: 2011–20. 57 Nichol KL, Baken L, Nelson A. Relation between influenza vaccination and outpatient visits, hospitalization, and mortality in elderly persons with chronic lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 397–403. 58 Xu J, Zhang Y, Qiu C, Cheng F. Global and regional economic costs of dementia: a systematic review. Lancet 2017; 390: S47. 59 Xu J, Wang J, Wimo A, Fratiglioni L, Qiu C. The economic burden of dementia in China, 1990–2030: implications for health policy. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 95: 18–26. 60 Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2015 reveals global cost of dementia set to reach US $1 trillion by 2018. https://www.alz.co.uk/news/world-alzheimer-report-2015-revealsglobal-cost-of-dementia-set-to-reach-usd-1-trillion-by-2018 (accessed May 7, 2018). 61 Wimo A, Winblad B. The economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. In: Alzheimer’s disease. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004: 57–63. 62 Hurd MD, Martorell P, Delavande A, Mullen KJ, Langa KM. Monetary costs of dementia in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1326–34. 63 Walsh J. Dementia UK report. United Kingdom: Alzheimer’s Society, 2015. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/info/20025/policy_ and_influencing/251/dementia_uk (accessed May 7, 2018). 64 Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Rose NR. Sex differences in autoimmune disease from a pathological perspective. Am J Pathol 2008; 173: 600–09. 65 Rubtsova K, Marrack P, Rubtsov AV. Sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2015; 125: 2187–93. 66 Kassebaum NJ, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, et al. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 2016; 388: 1775–812. 67 Kinney MV, Boldosser-Boesch A, McCallon B. Quality, equity, and dignity for women and babies. Lancet 2016; 388: 2066–68. 68 Graham G. Acute coronary syndromes in women: recent treatment trends and outcomes. Clin Med Insights Cardiol 2016; 10: 1–10. 69 Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Ruigrok ANV, et al. Cognition in males and females with autism: similarities and differences. PLoS One 2012; 7: e47198. 70 Kopp S, Gillberg C. The autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ)-revised extended version (ASSQ-REV): an instrument for better capturing the autism phenotype in girls? A preliminary study involving 191 clinical cases and community controls. Res Dev Disabil 2011; 32: 2875–88. 71 Lai M-C, Lombardo MV, Pasco G, et al. A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions. PLoS One 2011; 6: e20835. 72 The World Bank. Countries commit to strong action on human capital to drive economic growth. Oct 20, 2017. http://www. worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2017/10/20/countries-commit-tostrong-action-on-human-capital-to-drive-economic-growth (accessed May 7, 2018). 73 The World Bank. Human capital: the greatest asset of economies on the rise. April 3, 2017. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/ opinion/2017/04/03/human-capital-the-greatest-asset-of-economieson-the-rise (accessed May 7, 2018). 74 Fricke T, Holden B, Wilson D, et al. Global cost of correcting vision impairment from uncorrected refractive error. Bull World Health Organ 2012; 90: 728–38. 75 Frick KD, Joy SM, Wilson DA, Naidoo KS, Holden BA. The global burden of potential productivity loss from uncorrected presbyopia. Ophthalmology 2015; 122: 1706–10. 76 Crews JE, DPA, Chou C-F, Stevens JA, Saaddine JB. Falls among persons aged ≥65 years with and without severe vision impairment—United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016; 65: 433–37. 77 Lord SR. Visual risk factors for falls in older people. Age Ageing 2006; 35 (suppl 2): 42–45. 78 MAL-ED Network Investigators. The MAL-ED study: a multinational and multidisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between enteric pathogens, malnutrition, guxphysiology, physical growth, cognitive development, and immune responses in infants and children up to 2 years of age in resource-poor environments. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59 (suppl 4): S193–206. 79 GEMS: Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 2013; 382: 209–22. 80 Platts-Mills J, Liu J, Rogawski E, et al. Aetiology, burden and clinical characteristics of diarrhoea in children in low-resource settings using quantitative molecular diagnostics: results from the MAL-ED cohort study. Lancet Glob Health (in press). 81 Walker CLF, Rudan I, Liu L, et al. Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. Lancet 2013; 381: 1405–16. 82 Rudan I, O’Brien KL, Nair H, et al. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. J Glob Health 2013; 3: 010401. 83 Stover J, Brown T, Puckett R, Peerapatanapokin W. Updates to the Spectrum/Estimations and Projections Package model for estimating trends and current values for key HIV indicators. AIDS 2017; 31: S5. 84 Mahy M, Penazzato, Martina M, Ciaranello A, et al. Improving estimates of children living with HIV from the Spectrum AIDS Impact Model. AIDS 2017; 31: S13–22. 85 UNAIDS. Methods for deriving UNAIDS estimates. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, 2016. 86 Younossi Z, Anstee QM, Marietti M, et al. Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15: 11–20. 87 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 88 WHO. Falls. Jan 16, 2018. http://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/falls (accessed May 7, 2018). 89 WHO. Road traffic injuries. Jan 16, 2018. http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ (accessed May 7, 2018). 90 WHO. Burns. http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/ burns/en/ (accessed May 7, 2018). 91 Makary MA, Daniel M. Medical error—the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ 2016; 353: i2139. 92 Feigin VL, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16: 877–97. 93 Research Data Assistance Center. Medicare current beneficiary survey (MCBS). https://www.resdac.org/cms-data/file-family/ Medicare-Current-Beneficiary-Survey-MCBS (accessed May 7, 2018).
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spelling	Spencer L, JamesAbate, DeguAbate, Kalkidan HassenAbay, Solomon MAbbafati, CristianaAbbasi, NooshinAbbastabar, HedayatAbd-Allah, FoadAbdela, JemalAlvis Guzman, Nelson2019-06-04T13:27:01Z2019-06-04T13:27:01Z2018http://hdl.handle.net/11323/4776Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world’s population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.Antecedentes El Estudio de la carga mundial de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo 2017 (GBD 2017) incluye una evaluación exhaustiva de la incidencia, la prevalencia y los años vividos con discapacidades (YLD) de 354 causas en 195 países y territorios desde 1990 hasta 2017. GBD anterior los estudios han demostrado cómo la disminución de las tasas de mortalidad de 1990 a 2016 ha provocado un aumento de la esperanza de vida, un envejecimiento de la población mundial y una expansión de la carga no mortal de enfermedades y lesiones. Estos estudios también han demostrado cómo una parte sustancial de la población mundial experimenta una pérdida de salud no fatal con una heterogeneidad considerable entre diferentes causas, lugares, edades y sexos. Los objetivos continuos del estudio GBD incluyen aumentar el nivel de detalle de la estimación, mejorar las estrategias analíticas y aumentar la cantidad de datos de alta calidad.Spencer L, James-ccee94a2-81da-4476-97d2-d476dbf85cfd-0Abate, Degu-3ef4b67e-d984-47fb-8d9d-e04de0529398-0Abate, Kalkidan Hassen-7f68f0b5-357f-4a33-89cb-cc36d3b43b75-0Abay, Solomon M-6849fef0-eef0-4113-bb1a-e16a8c8e9cd3-0Abbafati, Cristiana-ba1d5f54-2078-47d6-895f-318ae54d6ff4-0Abbasi, Nooshin-5ecf8be2-10ab-4c39-99b3-122dad7c2c46-0Abbastabar, Hedayat-a0afb53f-f890-42f1-a39f-11d28e6c0395-0Abd-Allah, Foad-a9af1a20-8108-4516-9f91-d10165af1f4b-0Abdela, Jemal-b9e215b1-78a4-4ba1-b4ef-fd8bf15803ae-0Alvis Guzman, Nelson-5926771a-a351-4df4-86d8-05f67bd93051-0engThe Lancethttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-71 Nino F. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. UNDP. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainabledevelopment-goals.html (accessed March 10, 2017). 2 Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. 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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017

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