Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles

The materials used in civil construction are undergoing significant advances to achieve reduced maintenance and increased durability. This study analyzed the self-cleaning potential of Glass fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in contents of 3, 5, and 7% with...

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Autores:
Ehrenbring, Hinoel Zamis
Christ, Roberto
Pacheco, Fernanda
Wilhelms Francisco, Letícia
Cavagnoli Bolezina, Giulia
Berwanger Hanauer, Natália
Gregio Grings, Guilherme
Bernardo Fonseca Tutikian
Tutikian, Bernardo
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13319
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13319
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Glass fiber reinforced concrete
Self-cleaning concrete
Titanium dioxide
Maintenance of buildings
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openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13319
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
title Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
spellingShingle Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
Glass fiber reinforced concrete
Self-cleaning concrete
Titanium dioxide
Maintenance of buildings
title_short Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
title_full Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
title_fullStr Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
title_sort Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ehrenbring, Hinoel Zamis
Christ, Roberto
Pacheco, Fernanda
Wilhelms Francisco, Letícia
Cavagnoli Bolezina, Giulia
Berwanger Hanauer, Natália
Gregio Grings, Guilherme
Bernardo Fonseca Tutikian
Tutikian, Bernardo
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ehrenbring, Hinoel Zamis
Christ, Roberto
Pacheco, Fernanda
Wilhelms Francisco, Letícia
Cavagnoli Bolezina, Giulia
Berwanger Hanauer, Natália
Gregio Grings, Guilherme
Bernardo Fonseca Tutikian
Tutikian, Bernardo
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Glass fiber reinforced concrete
Self-cleaning concrete
Titanium dioxide
Maintenance of buildings
topic Glass fiber reinforced concrete
Self-cleaning concrete
Titanium dioxide
Maintenance of buildings
description The materials used in civil construction are undergoing significant advances to achieve reduced maintenance and increased durability. This study analyzed the self-cleaning potential of Glass fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in contents of 3, 5, and 7% with respect to the mass of cement. We evaluated the self-cleaning GRC plates and the compressive and flexural strength of cylindrical and prismatic specimens. Prepared GRC sample plates were stained with dye solution (rhodamine B and methylene blue) and exposed to the four cardinal solar orientations of a building façade (north, south, east, and west) at different inclination angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) with respect to ground level. Results showed that the samples that presented the greatest performance were plates positioned in a north orientation and inclined at 0° in relation to ground level. The inclusion of TiO2 positively affected the consistency of the mixtures and improved the properties of the GRC in the hardened state. Measured rupture stresses were greater than 100 MPa in compressive strength and 20 MPa in flexure. The results of this study showed that the introduction of TiO2 in concrete with high strengths did have great relevance for the self-cleaning of white concrete.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-17
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-12T19:43:55Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-12T19:43:55Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Ehrenbring, H.Z.; Christ, R.; Pacheco, F.; Francisco, L.W.; Bolezina, G.C.; Hanauer, N.B.; Grings, G.G.; Tutikian, B.F. Analysis of the Self-Cleaning Potential of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with TiO2 Nanoparticles. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148738
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2071-1050
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13319
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su14148738
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Ehrenbring, H.Z.; Christ, R.; Pacheco, F.; Francisco, L.W.; Bolezina, G.C.; Hanauer, N.B.; Grings, G.G.; Tutikian, B.F. Analysis of the Self-Cleaning Potential of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with TiO2 Nanoparticles. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148738
2071-1050
10.3390/su14148738
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13319
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainability
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Chira, A.; Kumar, A.; Vlach, T.; Laiblová, L.; Hajek, P. Textile-reinforced concrete facade panels with rigid foam core prisms. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 2016, 18, 200–214. [CrossRef]
2. Sayed, N.; Afify, M. The Evolution of green cladding technology for architectural façades and its role in achieving environmental integration. J. Environ. Treat. Tech. 2001, 9, 548–558.
3. García, L.D.; Pastor, J.M.; Peña, J. Self-cleaning and depolluting glass reinforced concrete panels: Fabrication, optimization and durability evaluation. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 162, 9–19. [CrossRef]
4. Cuypers, H.; Wastiels, J.; Van Itterbeeck, P.; De Bolster, E.; Orlowsky, J.; Raupach, M. Durability of glass fibre reinforced composites experimental methods and results. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2006, 37, 207–215. [CrossRef]
5. Cuypers, H.; Wastiels, J. Analysis and verification of the performance of sandwich panels with textile reinforced concrete faces. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 2011, 13, 589–603. [CrossRef]
6. Iskender, M.; Karasu, B. Glass fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Nat. Water Council Bull. 2018, 5, 136–162.
7. Ortolan, V.K.; Francisco, L.W.; Cadore, B.C.; Ott, M.J.; Chritst, R. Análise da influência geométrica de fibra de vidro AR na matriz cimentícia de GRC. In Proceedings of the 59◦ Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil, 31 October–3 November 2017; pp. 1–11.
8. Pacheco, F.; Toma, N.; Ortolan, V.; Marques, M.; Ehrenbring, H.; Montelongo, A.; Christ, R.; Tutikian, B. Residual life identification of an industrial building through non-destructive tests and mathematical models of damage. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions—Environment & Loading, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 5–7 June 2019. [CrossRef]
9. Silva, A.; De Brito, J.; Gaspar, P.L. Methodologies for Service Life Prediction of Buildings: With a Focus on Façade Claddings; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016.
10. Wittmann Lanzarin, B.; Folle, L.F. Análise da estética do concreto produzido com rejeito plástico para o uso no design de interiores com viés sustentável. MIX Sustentável 2020, 6, 61–72. [CrossRef]
11. Mansour, A.M.H.; Al-Dawery, S.K. Sustainable self-cleaning treatments for architectural facades in developing countries. Alex. Eng. J. 2018, 57, 867–873. [CrossRef]
12. Maggonage, R.E.F.A. Performance of NO2 Sequestered Recycled Concrete Aggregate (NRCA) incorporated Ordinary Portland Cement (Opc) Concrete. Ph.D. Thesis, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA, 2020.
13. Díaz-Hernández, D.Z.; Sarmiento-Alipio, J.A. Concreto a Base de Cenizas Volantes Activadas Alcalinamente, Modificado con Nanopartículas de Óxido de Silicio y Dióxido de Titanio. Master’s Thesis, Universidad Católica De Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, 2020.
14. Nosrati, R.; Olad, A.; Najjari, H. Study of the effect of TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite on the self-cleaning property of polyacrylic latex coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2017, 316, 199–209. [CrossRef]
15. González, E.; Bonnefond, A.; Barrado, M.; Barrasa, A.M.C.; Asua, J.M.; Leiza, J.R. Photoactive self-cleaning polymer coatings by TiO2 nanoparticle Pickering miniemulsion polymerization. Chem. Eng. J. 2015, 281, 209–217. [CrossRef]
16. Low, J.; Cheng, B.; Yu, J. Surface modification and enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of TiO2 : A review. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2017, 392, 658–686. [CrossRef]
17. Nikokavoura, A.; Trapalis, C. Alternative photocatalysts to TiO2 for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 . Appl. Surf. Sci. 2017, 391, 149–174. [CrossRef]
18. Tan, L.-L.; Ong, W.-J.; Chai, S.-P.; Mohamed, A.R. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O over graphene oxide-supported oxygen-rich TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst under visible light irradiation: Process and kinetic studies. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 308, 248–255. [CrossRef]
19. Treviso, J.P.M. Avaliação da Eficiência de Autolimpeza em Argamassas e Pastas Contendo TiO2 Expostas ao Microclima Urbano. Master’s Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2016.
20. Masheane, M.; Nthunya, L.; Mubiayi, M.; Thamae, T.; Mhlanga, S. Physico-chemical characteristics of some Lesotho’s clays and their assessment for suitability in ceramics production. Part. Sci. Technol. 2018, 36, 117–122. [CrossRef]
21. Ma, B.; Li, H.; Mei, J.; Li, X.; Chen, F. Effects of nano-TiO2 on the toughness and durability of cement-based material. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 2015, 583106. [CrossRef]
22. Sikora, P.; Horszczaruk, E.; Rucinska, T. The effect of nanosilica and titanium dioxide on the mechanical and self-cleaning properties of waste-glass cement mortar. Procedia Eng. 2015, 108, 146–153. [CrossRef]
23. Moro, C.; El Fil, H.; Francisco, V.; Velay-Lizancos, M. Influence of water-to-binder ratio on the optimum percentage of nano-TiO2 addition in terms of compressive strength of mortars: A laboratory and virtual experimental study based on ANN model. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 267, 120960. [CrossRef]
24. BS EN 1170-1:1998; Precast Concrete Products. Test Method for Glass-Fiber Reinforced Cement. Measuring the Consistency of the Matrix. ‘Slump Test’ Method. European Standards: Pilsen, Czech Republic, 1998.
25. ASTM C348:2021; Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars. ASTM International (ASTM): West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2021.
26. Balbino, R.O. Remoção do Corante Azul de Metileno por Fotocatálise Heterogênea com Radiação UV Artificial e Dióxido de Titânio (TiO2 ) como Catalisador. Bachelor’s Thesis, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, Brazil, 2015.
27. Santos, I.P. Minicurso building-integrated photovoltaics para arquitetos e engenheiros civis. In Proceedings of the V Congresso Brasileiro de Energia Solar, Sau Paulo, Brazil, 11–12 March 2014.
28. Macphee, D.; Folli, A. Photocatalytic concretes—The interface between photocatalysis and cement chemistry. In Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Meeting (ISCM), João Pessoa, Brazil, 28 September–2 October 2014.
29. Folli, A. TiO2 Photocatalysis in Portland Cement Systems: Fundamentals of Self-Cleaning Effect and Air Pollution Mitigation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, 2010.
30. Meng, T.; Yu, Y.; Qian, X.; Zhan, S.; Qian, K. Effect of nano-TiO2 on the mechanical properties of cement mortar. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 29, 241–245. [CrossRef]
31. Sorathiya, J.; Shah, S.; Kacha, S. Effect on addition of nano “titanium dioxide” (TiO2 ) on compressive strength of cementitious concrete. Kalpa Publ. Civ. Eng. 2017, 1, 219–225. [CrossRef]
32. Khitab, A.; Anwar, W. Advanced Research on Nanotechnology for Civil Engineering Applications; Mirpur University of Science and Technology: New Mirpur City, Pakistan, 2016.
33. Zapata, L.E.; Portela, G.; Suárez, O.M.; Carrasquillo, O. Rheological performance and compressive strength of superplasticized cementitious mixtures with micro/nano-SiO2 additions. Constr. Build. Mater. 2013, 41, 708–716. [CrossRef]
34. Mukharjee, B.B.; Barai, S.V. Influence of nano-silica on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2014, 55, 29–37. [CrossRef]
35. Jalal, M.; Fathi, M.; Farzad, M. Effects of fly ash and TiO2 nanoparticles on rheological, mechanical, microstructural and thermal properties of high strength self-compacting concrete. Mech. Mater. 2013, 61, 11–27. [CrossRef]
36. Noorvand, H.; Ali, A.A.A.; Demirboga, R.; Farzadnia, N.; Noorvand, H. Incorporation of nano TiO2 in black rice husk ash mortars. Constr. Build. Mater. 2013, 47, 1350–1361. [CrossRef]
37. Mohseni, E.; Miyandehi, B.M.; Yang, J.; Yazdi, M.A. Single and combined effects of nano-SiO2 , nano-Al2O3 and nano-TiO2 on The mechanical, rheological and durability properties of self-compacting mortar containing fly ash. Constr. Build. Mater. 2015, 84, 331–340. [CrossRef]
38. Linsebigler, A.L.; Lu, G.; Yates, J.T. Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: Principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 735–758. [CrossRef]
39. Yunsheng, Z.; Wei, S.; Sifeng, L.; Chujie, J.; Jianzhong, L. Preparation of C200 green reactive powder concrete and its static–dynamic behaviors. Cem. Concr. Compos. 2008, 30, 831–838. [CrossRef]
40. Fernandes, C. Estudo Sobre Incorporação de Nanopartículas de Dióxido de Titânio em Argamassas Fotocatalíticas. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2017.
41. Austria, G.C. Argamassa Autolimpante para Revestimentos de Fachadas: O Efeito das Propriedades Fotocatalíticas do Dióxido de Titânio (TiO2 ). Master’s Thesis, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2015.
42. Quinino, U.C.M. InvestigaçÃo Experimental das Propriedades MecÂnicas de Compósitos de Concreto Com Adições Híbridas de Fibras. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2015.
43. De Souza, R.P.; Pacheco, F.; Prager, G.L.; Gil, A.M.; Christ, R.; de Mello, V.M.; Tutikian, B.F. Verification of the influence of loading and mortar coating thickness on resistance to high temperatures due to fire on load-bearing masonries with clay tiles. Materials 2019, 12, 3669. [CrossRef]
44. Gázques, M.J.; Bolívar, J.P.; Tenorio, F.G.; Vaca, F. A review of the production cycle of titanium dioxide pigment. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2014, 5, 441–458. [CrossRef]
45. Burger, B.; Ruther, R. Inverter sizing of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in the light of local solar resource distribution characteristics and temperature. Sol. Energy 2006, 80, 32–45. [CrossRef]
46. Diamanti, M.V.; Del Curto, B.; Ormellese, M.; Pedeferri, M.P. Photocatalytic and self-cleaning activity of colored mortars containing TiO2 . Mater. Chem. Eng. 2013, 46, 167–174. [CrossRef]
47. Beeldens, A. An Environmental Friendly Solution for Air Purification and Self-Cleaning Effect: The Application of TIO2 as Photocatalyst in Concrete; Belgian Road Research Centre: Brussels, Belgium, 2006.
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dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerlandhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Ehrenbring, Hinoel ZamisChrist, RobertoPacheco, FernandaWilhelms Francisco, LetíciaCavagnoli Bolezina, GiuliaBerwanger Hanauer, NatáliaGregio Grings, GuilhermeBernardo Fonseca TutikianTutikian, Bernardo2024-09-12T19:43:55Z2024-09-12T19:43:55Z2022-07-17Ehrenbring, H.Z.; Christ, R.; Pacheco, F.; Francisco, L.W.; Bolezina, G.C.; Hanauer, N.B.; Grings, G.G.; Tutikian, B.F. Analysis of the Self-Cleaning Potential of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with TiO2 Nanoparticles. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8738. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141487382071-1050https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1331910.3390/su14148738Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The materials used in civil construction are undergoing significant advances to achieve reduced maintenance and increased durability. This study analyzed the self-cleaning potential of Glass fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) with the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in contents of 3, 5, and 7% with respect to the mass of cement. We evaluated the self-cleaning GRC plates and the compressive and flexural strength of cylindrical and prismatic specimens. Prepared GRC sample plates were stained with dye solution (rhodamine B and methylene blue) and exposed to the four cardinal solar orientations of a building façade (north, south, east, and west) at different inclination angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) with respect to ground level. Results showed that the samples that presented the greatest performance were plates positioned in a north orientation and inclined at 0° in relation to ground level. The inclusion of TiO2 positively affected the consistency of the mixtures and improved the properties of the GRC in the hardened state. Measured rupture stresses were greater than 100 MPa in compressive strength and 20 MPa in flexure. The results of this study showed that the introduction of TiO2 in concrete with high strengths did have great relevance for the self-cleaning of white concrete.16 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/14/8738Analysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticlesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Sustainability1. Chira, A.; Kumar, A.; Vlach, T.; Laiblová, L.; Hajek, P. Textile-reinforced concrete facade panels with rigid foam core prisms. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 2016, 18, 200–214. [CrossRef]2. Sayed, N.; Afify, M. The Evolution of green cladding technology for architectural façades and its role in achieving environmental integration. J. Environ. Treat. Tech. 2001, 9, 548–558.3. García, L.D.; Pastor, J.M.; Peña, J. Self-cleaning and depolluting glass reinforced concrete panels: Fabrication, optimization and durability evaluation. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 162, 9–19. [CrossRef]4. Cuypers, H.; Wastiels, J.; Van Itterbeeck, P.; De Bolster, E.; Orlowsky, J.; Raupach, M. Durability of glass fibre reinforced composites experimental methods and results. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2006, 37, 207–215. [CrossRef]5. Cuypers, H.; Wastiels, J. Analysis and verification of the performance of sandwich panels with textile reinforced concrete faces. J. Sandw. Struct. Mater. 2011, 13, 589–603. [CrossRef]6. Iskender, M.; Karasu, B. Glass fiber reinforced concrete pipes. Nat. Water Council Bull. 2018, 5, 136–162.7. Ortolan, V.K.; Francisco, L.W.; Cadore, B.C.; Ott, M.J.; Chritst, R. Análise da influência geométrica de fibra de vidro AR na matriz cimentícia de GRC. In Proceedings of the 59◦ Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil, 31 October–3 November 2017; pp. 1–11.8. Pacheco, F.; Toma, N.; Ortolan, V.; Marques, M.; Ehrenbring, H.; Montelongo, A.; Christ, R.; Tutikian, B. Residual life identification of an industrial building through non-destructive tests and mathematical models of damage. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions—Environment & Loading, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 5–7 June 2019. [CrossRef]9. Silva, A.; De Brito, J.; Gaspar, P.L. Methodologies for Service Life Prediction of Buildings: With a Focus on Façade Claddings; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016.10. Wittmann Lanzarin, B.; Folle, L.F. Análise da estética do concreto produzido com rejeito plástico para o uso no design de interiores com viés sustentável. MIX Sustentável 2020, 6, 61–72. [CrossRef]11. Mansour, A.M.H.; Al-Dawery, S.K. Sustainable self-cleaning treatments for architectural facades in developing countries. Alex. Eng. J. 2018, 57, 867–873. [CrossRef]12. Maggonage, R.E.F.A. Performance of NO2 Sequestered Recycled Concrete Aggregate (NRCA) incorporated Ordinary Portland Cement (Opc) Concrete. Ph.D. Thesis, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA, 2020.13. Díaz-Hernández, D.Z.; Sarmiento-Alipio, J.A. Concreto a Base de Cenizas Volantes Activadas Alcalinamente, Modificado con Nanopartículas de Óxido de Silicio y Dióxido de Titanio. Master’s Thesis, Universidad Católica De Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, 2020.14. Nosrati, R.; Olad, A.; Najjari, H. Study of the effect of TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposite on the self-cleaning property of polyacrylic latex coating. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2017, 316, 199–209. [CrossRef]15. González, E.; Bonnefond, A.; Barrado, M.; Barrasa, A.M.C.; Asua, J.M.; Leiza, J.R. Photoactive self-cleaning polymer coatings by TiO2 nanoparticle Pickering miniemulsion polymerization. Chem. Eng. 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An Environmental Friendly Solution for Air Purification and Self-Cleaning Effect: The Application of TIO2 as Photocatalyst in Concrete; Belgian Road Research Centre: Brussels, Belgium, 2006.1611414Glass fiber reinforced concreteSelf-cleaning concreteTitanium dioxideMaintenance of buildingsPublicationORIGINALAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdfAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf7230650https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/01d2a18a-a644-4bcc-80f5-abe32548c3f9/download1a4c891b60c94f524e40e34653f4ed06MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/82a2b144-2fb9-412d-94d1-d14cbe46e9fb/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdf.txtAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain67753https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ad40034e-5dce-4674-b6f7-9cdfc8ba0ad2/download4de172d1726fbb229221b51041d821d6MD53THUMBNAILAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdf.jpgAnalysis of the self-cleaning potential of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) with tio2 nanoparticles.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16776https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/1da0bc6c-730c-45a8-8455-dd5f934b4a15/download7d0eb3f896eac9fd5ec815dd01a20604MD5411323/13319oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/133192024-09-17 14:19:35.258https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerlandopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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