Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative

Purpose: To describe results of the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) research framework classification in the Argentine-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (arg-ADNI) cohort. Methods: Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 12 dementia of Alzheimer's type (...

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Autores:
Allegri, Ricardo F
Méndez, Patricio Chrem
Calandri, Ismael
Cohen, Gabriela
Martín, Maria Eugenia
Russo, María Julieta
Crivelli, Lucia
Pertierra, Lucia
Tapajóz, Fernanda
Clarens, María Florencia
Campos, Jorge
Nahas, Federico E
Vázquez, Silvia
Surace, Ezequiel
Sevlever, Gustavo
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8236
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8236
https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12026
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Alzheimer's disease
amyloid
biomarkers
classification
neurodegeneration
tau
Rights
openAccess
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
id RCUC2_920ee785a84029919e7b21dce7385603
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8236
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
title Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
spellingShingle Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
Alzheimer's disease
amyloid
biomarkers
classification
neurodegeneration
tau
title_short Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
title_full Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
title_fullStr Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
title_sort Prognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Allegri, Ricardo F
Méndez, Patricio Chrem
Calandri, Ismael
Cohen, Gabriela
Martín, Maria Eugenia
Russo, María Julieta
Crivelli, Lucia
Pertierra, Lucia
Tapajóz, Fernanda
Clarens, María Florencia
Campos, Jorge
Nahas, Federico E
Vázquez, Silvia
Surace, Ezequiel
Sevlever, Gustavo
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Allegri, Ricardo F
Méndez, Patricio Chrem
Calandri, Ismael
Cohen, Gabriela
Martín, Maria Eugenia
Russo, María Julieta
Crivelli, Lucia
Pertierra, Lucia
Tapajóz, Fernanda
Clarens, María Florencia
Campos, Jorge
Nahas, Federico E
Vázquez, Silvia
Surace, Ezequiel
Sevlever, Gustavo
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Alzheimer's disease
amyloid
biomarkers
classification
neurodegeneration
tau
topic Alzheimer's disease
amyloid
biomarkers
classification
neurodegeneration
tau
description Purpose: To describe results of the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) research framework classification in the Argentine-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (arg-ADNI) cohort. Methods: Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 12 dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), and 14 normal controls were studied following the ADNI2 protocol. Patients were categorized according to presence or absence of the biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ; A: amyloid positron emission tomography [PET] scan or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42), tau (T: CSF phosphorylated-tau), and neurodegeneration (N: CSF total-tau, fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]-PET scan, or structural magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan). Results: A+T+N+ biomarker profile was identified at baseline in 91% of mild dementia patients, 20% of early MCI patients, 46% of late MCI patients, and 14% of control subjects. Suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP, A-T-N+) was found in 8% of mild dementia, 20% of early MCI, 15% of late MCI, and 7% of control subjects. Conversion rates to dementia after 5-year follow-up were 85% in A+T+N+ MCI patients and 50% in A-T-N+ patients. Conclusions: We present initial 5-year follow-up results of a regional ADNI based on AD biomarkers and the ATN classification.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-05-22
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-05-10T16:10:41Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-05-10T16:10:41Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8236
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12026
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8236
https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12026
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Bloom GS. Amyloid‐β and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(4):505‐508.
Russo MJ, Gustafson S, Vazquez S, et al. Argentina‐Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative. Creation of the Argentina—Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(1 suppl):S84‐S87.
Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):280‐292.
Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270‐279.
Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Weigand SD, et al. An operational approach to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2012;71(6):765–775.
Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. ATN: an unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Neurology. 2016;87(5):539‐547.
Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA‐AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(4):535‐562.
Allegri RF, Ollari JA, Mangone CA, Arizaga RL, De Pascale A, Pellegrini M. Mini‐Mental State Examination in Argentina: instruction for assessment. Rev Neurol Argent. 1999;24(1):31‐35.
Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale 3rd ed Psychol Corp, San Antonio: TX, 1997.
Burin D, Ramenzoni VA. Neuropsychological assessment in elderly: norms by age and educational level. Rev Neurol Argent. 2003;28(3):149‐152.
Kaplan EF, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1983.
Serrano C, Allegri RF, Drake M, et al. A shortened form of the Spanish Boston naming test: a useful tool for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurol. 2001;33(7):624‐647. - PubMed
Butman J, Allegri RF, Harris PD. Spanish verbal fluency. Normative data in Argentina. Medicina. 2000;60(5 pt1):561‐564.
Arango‐Lasprilla JC, Rivera D, Aguayo A, et al. Trail Making Test: normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population. NeuroRehabilitation. 2015;37(4):639‐661.
Berg L. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24(4):637‐639.
Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Ketchel P, et al. Validation of the NPI‐Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;12(2):233‐239.
Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention. New York: Haworth Press; 1986: 165‐173.
Pfeffer RI, Kurosaki TT, Jr Harrah CH, Chance JM, Filos S. Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. J Gerontol.1982;37(3):323‐329.
Wahlund LO, Julin P, Johansson SE, Scheltens P. Visual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(5):630‐635.
McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984;34(7):939‐944.
McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263–269.
Chrem P, Cohen G, Russo JM, et al. Concordance between 11C‐PIB‐PET and clinical diagnosis in a memory clinic. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Dement. 2015;30(6):599‐606.
Allegri RF, Chrem Mendez P, Russo MJ, et al. Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment: experience in a memory clinic from Latin America. Neurologia, 2018. pii: S0213‐4853(18)30028‐8. 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.12.011.
Allegri RF, Pertierra L, Cohen G, et al. A biological classification for Alzheimer's disease—Amyloid, Tau and Neurodegeneration (A/T/N): results from the Argentine‐Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(12):1837‐1838. 10.1017/S1041610219000085.
Russo MJ, Cohen G, Chrem Mendez P. Predicting episodic memory performance using different biomarkers: results from Argentina‐Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:2199‐2206.
Lowe VJ, Peller PJ, Weigand SD, et al. Application of the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association AD criteria to ADNI. Neurology. 2013;80(23):2130‐2137.
Petersen RC, Aisen P, Boeve BF, et al. Criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease in the community. Ann Neurol. 2013;74(2):199‐208.
Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MM, et al. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):505‐517.
Serrano‐Pozo A, Qian J, Monsell SE, Betensky RA, Hyman BT. Mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia with insufficient neuropathological changes. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(4):597‐601.
Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(2):200‐208.
De Carli Ch. Mild cognitive impairment: Prevalence, prognosis, aetiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:15‐21
Allegri RF, Glaser FB, Taragano FE, Buschke H. Mild cognitive impairment: believe it or not?. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2008;20(4):357‐363.
Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(8):734‐746.
Alexopoulos P, Werle L, Roesler J, et al. Conflicting cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and progression to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2016;8(1):51
Riudavets MA, Bartoloni L, Troncoso JC, et al. Familial dementia with frontotemporal features associated with M146V presenilin‐1 mutation. Brain Pathol. 2013;23(5):595‐600.
Palmqvist S, Mattsson N. Hansson O and for the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detects cerebral amyloid‐B accumulation earlier than positron emission tomography. Brain 2016;139(pt 4):1226‐1236.
Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): clinical characterization. Neurology 2010;74(3):201‐209.
Cece Y, Shifu X. Are the revised diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease useful in low‐ and middle‐income countries? Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2015;27(2):119‐123.
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spelling Allegri, Ricardo FMéndez, Patricio ChremCalandri, IsmaelCohen, GabrielaMartín, Maria EugeniaRusso, María JulietaCrivelli, LuciaPertierra, LuciaTapajóz, FernandaClarens, María FlorenciaCampos, JorgeNahas, Federico EVázquez, SilviaSurace, EzequielSevlever, Gustavo2021-05-10T16:10:41Z2021-05-10T16:10:41Z2020-05-22https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8236https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12026Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Purpose: To describe results of the Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration (ATN) research framework classification in the Argentine-Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (arg-ADNI) cohort. Methods: Twenty-three patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 12 dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT), and 14 normal controls were studied following the ADNI2 protocol. Patients were categorized according to presence or absence of the biomarkers for amyloid beta (Aβ; A: amyloid positron emission tomography [PET] scan or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42), tau (T: CSF phosphorylated-tau), and neurodegeneration (N: CSF total-tau, fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG]-PET scan, or structural magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] scan). Results: A+T+N+ biomarker profile was identified at baseline in 91% of mild dementia patients, 20% of early MCI patients, 46% of late MCI patients, and 14% of control subjects. Suspected non-AD pathophysiology (SNAP, A-T-N+) was found in 8% of mild dementia, 20% of early MCI, 15% of late MCI, and 7% of control subjects. Conversion rates to dementia after 5-year follow-up were 85% in A+T+N+ MCI patients and 50% in A-T-N+ patients. Conclusions: We present initial 5-year follow-up results of a regional ADNI based on AD biomarkers and the ATN classification.Allegri, Ricardo FMéndez, Patricio ChremCalandri, IsmaelCohen, GabrielaMartín, Maria EugeniaRusso, María JulietaCrivelli, LuciaPertierra, LuciaTapajóz, FernandaClarens, María FlorenciaCampos, JorgeNahas, Federico EVázquez, SilviaSurace, EzequielSevlever, Gustavoapplication/pdfengAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoringhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32490138/Alzheimer's diseaseamyloidbiomarkersclassificationneurodegenerationtauPrognostic value of atn alzheimer biomarkers: 60-month follow-up results from the argentine alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiativeArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionBloom GS. Amyloid‐β and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(4):505‐508.Russo MJ, Gustafson S, Vazquez S, et al. Argentina‐Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative. Creation of the Argentina—Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(1 suppl):S84‐S87.Sperling RA, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):280‐292.Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270‐279.Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Weigand SD, et al. An operational approach to National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol. 2012;71(6):765–775.Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. ATN: an unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers. Neurology. 2016;87(5):539‐547.Jack CR Jr, Bennett DA, Blennow K, et al. NIA‐AA Research Framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(4):535‐562.Allegri RF, Ollari JA, Mangone CA, Arizaga RL, De Pascale A, Pellegrini M. Mini‐Mental State Examination in Argentina: instruction for assessment. Rev Neurol Argent. 1999;24(1):31‐35.Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale 3rd ed Psychol Corp, San Antonio: TX, 1997.Burin D, Ramenzoni VA. Neuropsychological assessment in elderly: norms by age and educational level. Rev Neurol Argent. 2003;28(3):149‐152.Kaplan EF, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1983.Serrano C, Allegri RF, Drake M, et al. A shortened form of the Spanish Boston naming test: a useful tool for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurol. 2001;33(7):624‐647. - PubMedButman J, Allegri RF, Harris PD. Spanish verbal fluency. Normative data in Argentina. Medicina. 2000;60(5 pt1):561‐564.Arango‐Lasprilla JC, Rivera D, Aguayo A, et al. Trail Making Test: normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population. NeuroRehabilitation. 2015;37(4):639‐661.Berg L. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24(4):637‐639.Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Ketchel P, et al. Validation of the NPI‐Q, a brief clinical form of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;12(2):233‐239.Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version Clinical Gerontology: A Guide to Assessment and Intervention. New York: Haworth Press; 1986: 165‐173.Pfeffer RI, Kurosaki TT, Jr Harrah CH, Chance JM, Filos S. Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. J Gerontol.1982;37(3):323‐329.Wahlund LO, Julin P, Johansson SE, Scheltens P. Visual rating and volumetry of the medial temporal lobe on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia: a comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;69(5):630‐635.McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS ADRDA work group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984;34(7):939‐944.McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Workgroup. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):263–269.Chrem P, Cohen G, Russo JM, et al. Concordance between 11C‐PIB‐PET and clinical diagnosis in a memory clinic. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Dement. 2015;30(6):599‐606.Allegri RF, Chrem Mendez P, Russo MJ, et al. Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment: experience in a memory clinic from Latin America. Neurologia, 2018. pii: S0213‐4853(18)30028‐8. 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.12.011.Allegri RF, Pertierra L, Cohen G, et al. A biological classification for Alzheimer's disease—Amyloid, Tau and Neurodegeneration (A/T/N): results from the Argentine‐Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Int Psychogeriatr. 2019;31(12):1837‐1838. 10.1017/S1041610219000085.Russo MJ, Cohen G, Chrem Mendez P. Predicting episodic memory performance using different biomarkers: results from Argentina‐Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016;12:2199‐2206.Lowe VJ, Peller PJ, Weigand SD, et al. Application of the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association AD criteria to ADNI. Neurology. 2013;80(23):2130‐2137.Petersen RC, Aisen P, Boeve BF, et al. Criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease in the community. Ann Neurol. 2013;74(2):199‐208.Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MM, et al. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):505‐517.Serrano‐Pozo A, Qian J, Monsell SE, Betensky RA, Hyman BT. Mild to moderate Alzheimer dementia with insufficient neuropathological changes. Ann Neurol. 2014;75(4):597‐601.Schneider JA, Arvanitakis Z, Leurgans SE, Bennett DA. The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(2):200‐208.De Carli Ch. Mild cognitive impairment: Prevalence, prognosis, aetiology and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:15‐21Allegri RF, Glaser FB, Taragano FE, Buschke H. Mild cognitive impairment: believe it or not?. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2008;20(4):357‐363.Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, et al. Research criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: revising the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(8):734‐746.Alexopoulos P, Werle L, Roesler J, et al. Conflicting cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and progression to dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2016;8(1):51Riudavets MA, Bartoloni L, Troncoso JC, et al. Familial dementia with frontotemporal features associated with M146V presenilin‐1 mutation. Brain Pathol. 2013;23(5):595‐600.Palmqvist S, Mattsson N. Hansson O and for the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detects cerebral amyloid‐B accumulation earlier than positron emission tomography. Brain 2016;139(pt 4):1226‐1236.Petersen RC, Aisen PS, Beckett LA, et al. Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): clinical characterization. Neurology 2010;74(3):201‐209.Cece Y, Shifu X. Are the revised diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease useful in low‐ and middle‐income countries? 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