Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors
This paper analyzes the problems in electrical power systems with high penetration of photovoltaic systems, which must be considered in evaluating new projects with these generation sources. The study analyzes the characteristics of photovoltaic systems, their generated effects, and proposals for te...
- Autores:
-
Castro Charris, Narciso
Sousa Santos, Vladimir
Cabello Eras, Juan José
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13372
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13372
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Electric motors
Electrical systems
Photovoltaic systems
Power quality
Project evaluation
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
title |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
spellingShingle |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors Electric motors Electrical systems Photovoltaic systems Power quality Project evaluation |
title_short |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
title_full |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
title_fullStr |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
title_sort |
Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Castro Charris, Narciso Sousa Santos, Vladimir Cabello Eras, Juan José |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Castro Charris, Narciso Sousa Santos, Vladimir Cabello Eras, Juan José |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Electric motors Electrical systems Photovoltaic systems Power quality Project evaluation |
topic |
Electric motors Electrical systems Photovoltaic systems Power quality Project evaluation |
description |
This paper analyzes the problems in electrical power systems with high penetration of photovoltaic systems, which must be considered in evaluating new projects with these generation sources. The study analyzes the characteristics of photovoltaic systems, their generated effects, and proposals for technological improvements. The features of electric motors and their affectation when they are fed from networks with power quality problems are also described. As a result, the variability in energy production, the difficulties in frequency regulation, the increase in harmonics, and the instability in generating reactive power, are the main problems caused by the massive use of photovoltaic systems. Regarding electric motors, it is shown that harmonics and voltage regulation are the power quality problems that most affect their operation. None of the studies conducted analyzes the direct influence that photovoltaic systems can have on the process of electric motors. Considering the growth prospects for using photovoltaic systems and the importance of electric motors, it is suggested that the scientific community develop research focused on this problem. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-17 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-24T15:15:13Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-24T15:15:13Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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Charris, N. C., Santos, V. S., & Eras, J. J. C. (2023). Aspects to Consider in the Evaluation of Photovoltaic System Projects to Avoid Problems in Power Systems and Electric Motors. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(3), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14265 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13372 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.32479/ijeep.14265 |
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
2146-4553 |
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Charris, N. C., Santos, V. S., & Eras, J. J. C. (2023). Aspects to Consider in the Evaluation of Photovoltaic System Projects to Avoid Problems in Power Systems and Electric Motors. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(3), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14265 10.32479/ijeep.14265 2146-4553 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13372 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
International journal of energy economics and policy |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Azzouz, M.A., Farag, H.E., El-Saadany, E.F. (2017), Real-time fuzzy voltage regulation for distribution networks incorporating high penetration of renewable sources. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(3), 1702-1711. Basu, M. (2019), Optimal generation scheduling of hydrothermal system with demand side management considering uncertainty and outage of renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy, 146, 530-542. Benhabib, M.C., Myrzik, J.M.A., Duarte, J.L. (2007), Harmonic Effects Caused by Large Scale PV Installations in LV Network. In: 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation. Bhaskar, M.S., Padmanaban, S., Blaabjerg, F. (2017), A multistage DCDC step-up self-balanced and magnetic component-free converter for photovoltaic applications: Hardware implementation. Energies, 10(5), 719. Bonnett, A.H., Glatt, H., Hauck, S. (2016), Effect of power deviations on squirrel-cage induction motors: Addressing the impact of voltage and frequency variations. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 22(6), 39-47. Brahma, S.M., Girgis, A.A. (2004), Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(1), 56-63. Chicco, G., Schlabbach, J., Spertino, F. (2009), Experimental assessment of the waveform distortion in grid-connected photovoltaic installations. Solar Energy, 83(7), 1026-1039. Chidurala, A., Saha, T.K., Mithulananthan, N. (2016), Harmonic impact of high penetration photovoltaic system on unbalanced distribution networks-learning from an urban photovoltaic network. IET Renewable Power Generation, 10(4), 485-494. Congreso de Colombia. (2014), Ley 1715 de 2014. Diario Oficial. Available from: http://www.upme.gov.co/normatividad/nacional/2014/ ley_1715_2014.pdf Dib, M., Ramzi, M., Nejmi, A. (2019), Voltage regulation in the medium voltage distribution grid in the presence of renewable energy sources. Materials Today: Proceedings, 13, 739-745. Duman, T., Marti, S., Moonem, M.A., Kader, A.A.R., Krishnaswami, H. (2017), A modular multilevel converter with power mismatch control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Energies, 10(5), 698. Fernandes, D., Almeida, R., Guedes, T., Sguarezi Filho, A.J., Costa, F.F. (2017), State feedback control for DC-photovoltaic systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 143, 794-801. Gnaciński, P., Hallmann, D., Pepliński, M., Jankowski, P. (2019), The effects of voltage subharmonics on cage induction machine. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 111, 125-131. Gómez, J.R., Sousa, V., Cabello Eras, J.J., Sagastume Gutiérrez, A., Viego, P.R., Quispe, E.C., de León, G. (2022), Assessment criteria of the feasibility of replacement standard efficiency electric motors with high-efficiency motors. Energy, 239, 121877. Gómez Rodríguez, M.A., Gómez-Sarduy, J.R., Lorenzo Ginori, J.V., Fonte González, R., García Sánchez, Z. (2021), Electrical generation forecast of photovoltaic systems. First steps by cuban universities. Universidad Y Sociedad, 13(1), 253-265. Hernández-Callejo, L., Gallardo-Saavedra, S., Alonso-Gómez, V. (2019), A review of photovoltaic systems: Design, operation and maintenance. Solar Energy, 188, 426-440. Hu, X., Gong, C. (2015), A high gain input-parallel output-series DC/DC converter with dual coupled inductors. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(3), 1306-1317 IEA. (2018), Market Report Series Renewables 2018 Analysis and Forecast to 2023. France: International Energy Agency. p211. IEEE. (2014), IEEE Std 519TM-2014: IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control. In: ANSI/IEEE Std. 519. Vol. 2014. United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics IEEE Std 1159. (2019), IEEE Std 1159TM-2019: IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. In: IEEE Standard 1159-2019 (Revision of IEEE Std 1159-2009). Vol. 2014. United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. p1-98. International Electrotechnical Commission. (2014), IEC 60034-30-1:2014 Rotating Electrical Machines : Efficiency Classes of Line Operated AC Motors. 50. United Kingdom: International Electrotechnical Commission. Jainy, G.C. (1964), The effect of voltage waveshape on the performance of a 3-phase induction motor. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 83(6), 561-566. Kusakana, K. (2015), Operation cost minimization of photovoltaic-dieselbattery hybrid systems. Energy, 85, 645-653. Langella, R., Testa, A., Meyer, J., Moller, F., Stiegler, R., Djokic, S.Z. (2016), Experimental-based evaluation of PV inverter harmonic and interharmonic distortion due to different operating conditions. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 65(10), 2221-2233. Liang, X., Andalib-Bin-Karim, C. (2018), Harmonics and mitigation techniques through advanced control in grid-connected renewable energy sources: A review. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(4), 3100-3111. Mehazzem, F., Nemmour, A.L., Reama, A. (2017), Real time implementation of backstepping-multiscalar control to induction motor fed by voltage source inverter. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(28), 17965-17975. Ministerio de Minas y Energía. (2018), Resolución CREG 030: Por la Cual se Regulan las Actividades de Autogeneración a Pequeña Escala y de Generación Distribuida en el Sistema Interconectado Nacional. p27. https://apolo.creg.gov.co/publicac.nsf/1c09d18d2d 5ffb5b05256eee00709c02/83b41035c2c4474f05258243005a1191/ $file/creg030-2018.pdf Ministerio Minas y Energia, & UPME. (2016), Guia Práctica para la Aplicación de los Incentivos Tributarios de la Ley 1715 de 2014. p28. https://www.socialsolar.com.co/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ Incentivos-Tributarios.pdf Mohanty, P., Muneer, T., Kolhe, M. (2016), Solar Photovoltaic System Applications. New York City: Springer International Publishing Rocha, C.M.M., Alvarez, J.R.N., Castillo, D.A.D., Domingue, E.D.F., Hernandez, J.C.B. (2022), Implementation of the hierarchical analytical process in the selection of the best source of renewable energy in the Colombian Caribbean region. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 12(2), 111-119. Rocha, C.M.M., Batista, C.M., Rodríguez, W.F.A., Ballesteros, A.J.F., Álvarez, J.R.N. (2022), Challenges and perspectives of the use of photovoltaic solar energy in Colombia. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 12(5), 4521-4528. Motors and Generators. (2016), Pub. L. No. ANSI/NEMA MG 1-2016. Available from: https://www.nema.org/docs/default-source/ standards-document-library/ansi_nema-mg-1-2016-contents-andforeword.pdf?sfvrsn=f27547b8_1 Ortega, M.J., Hernández, J.C., García, O.G. (2013), Measurement and assessment of power quality characteristics for photovoltaic systems: Harmonics, flicker, unbalance, and slow voltage variations. Electric Power Systems Research, 96, 23-35 Pérez-Díaz, J.I., Chazarra, M., García-González, J., Cavazzini, G., Stoppato, A. (2015), Trends and challenges in the operation of pumped-storage hydropower plants. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 767-784. Pérez-Díaz, J.I., Jiménez, J. (2016), Contribution of a pumped-storage hydropower plant to reduce the scheduling costs of an isolated power system with high wind power penetration. Energy 109, 92-104 Pierret, R.F. (1983), Modular Series on Solid State Devices. Volume I: Semiconductor Fundamentals. Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Rajesh, K.S., Dash, S.S., Bayinder, R., Sridhar, R., Rajagopal, R. (2017), Implementation of an Adaptive Control Strategy for Solar Photo Voltaic Generators in Microgrlds with MPPT and Energy Storage. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA. p766-771 Rawcliffe, G.H., Menon, A.M. (1952), A simple new test for harmonicfrequency losses in a.c. machines. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 4, 119 Rönnberg, S., Bollen, M. (2016), Power quality issues in the electric power system of the future. Electricity Journal, 29(10), 49-61. Saidur, R. (2010), A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(3), 877-898 Sarkar, M.N.I., Meegahapola, L.G., Datta, M. (2018), Reactive power management in renewable rich power grids: A review of gridcodes, renewable generators, support devices, control strategies and optimization Algorithms. IEEE Access, 6, 41458-41489. Sousa Santos, V., Cabello Eras, J.J., Sagastume Gutierrez, A., Cabello Ulloa, M.J. (2019), Assessment of the energy efficiency estimation methods on induction motors considering real-time monitoring. Measurement, 136, 237-247. Telukunta, V., Pradhan, J., Agrawal, A., Singh, M., Srivani, S.G. (2018), Protection challenges under bulk penetration of renewable energy resources in power systems: A review. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 3(4), 365-379 Tiwari, G.N., Dubey, S. (2010), Fundamentals of Photovoltaic Modules and their Applications. United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry. Tungadio, D.H., Sun, Y. (2019), Load frequency controllers considering renewable energy integration in power system. Energy Reports, 5, 436-453. Tungadio, D.H., Sun, Y. (2019), Load frequency controllers considering renewable energy integration in power system. Energy Reports, 5, 436-453 UNFCCC. (2015), Convention on Climate Change: Climate Agreement of Paris. United States: UNFCCC. p1-25. Available from: https://unfccc. int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement UPME. (2015), Plan Energetico Nacional Colombia: Ideario Energético 2050. p184. Available from: https://www.upme.gov.co/docs/pen/ pen_idearioenergetico2050.pdf Vita, V., Alimardan, T., Ekonomou, L. (2016), The Impact of Distributed Generation in the Distribution Networks’ Voltage Profile and Energy Losses. In: Proceedings-EMS 2015: UKSim-AMSS 9th IEEE European Modelling Symposium on Computer Modelling and Simulation. p260-265 Ye, Y., Qiao, Y., Lu, Z. (2019), Revolution of frequency regulation in the converter-dominated power system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 111, 145-156. Yu, Y., Konstantinou, G., Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V.G. (2015), Operation of cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters for large-scale photovoltaic power plants under bridge failures. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(11), 7228-7236. Zhao, Y., Lu, M.L., Yuan, Y. (2000), Operation and maintenance integration to improve safety. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 24(2-7), 401-407. |
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© Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) © Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Castro Charris, NarcisoSousa Santos, VladimirCabello Eras, Juan José2024-09-24T15:15:13Z2024-09-24T15:15:13Z2023-05-17Charris, N. C., Santos, V. S., & Eras, J. J. C. (2023). Aspects to Consider in the Evaluation of Photovoltaic System Projects to Avoid Problems in Power Systems and Electric Motors. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 13(3), 334–341. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14265https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1337210.32479/ijeep.142652146-4553Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This paper analyzes the problems in electrical power systems with high penetration of photovoltaic systems, which must be considered in evaluating new projects with these generation sources. The study analyzes the characteristics of photovoltaic systems, their generated effects, and proposals for technological improvements. The features of electric motors and their affectation when they are fed from networks with power quality problems are also described. As a result, the variability in energy production, the difficulties in frequency regulation, the increase in harmonics, and the instability in generating reactive power, are the main problems caused by the massive use of photovoltaic systems. Regarding electric motors, it is shown that harmonics and voltage regulation are the power quality problems that most affect their operation. None of the studies conducted analyzes the direct influence that photovoltaic systems can have on the process of electric motors. Considering the growth prospects for using photovoltaic systems and the importance of electric motors, it is suggested that the scientific community develop research focused on this problem.8 páginasapplication/pdfengEconjournalsTurkeyhttps://econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/14265Aspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motorsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85International journal of energy economics and policyAzzouz, M.A., Farag, H.E., El-Saadany, E.F. (2017), Real-time fuzzy voltage regulation for distribution networks incorporating high penetration of renewable sources. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(3), 1702-1711.Basu, M. (2019), Optimal generation scheduling of hydrothermal system with demand side management considering uncertainty and outage of renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy, 146, 530-542.Benhabib, M.C., Myrzik, J.M.A., Duarte, J.L. (2007), Harmonic Effects Caused by Large Scale PV Installations in LV Network. In: 2007 9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation.Bhaskar, M.S., Padmanaban, S., Blaabjerg, F. (2017), A multistage DCDC step-up self-balanced and magnetic component-free converter for photovoltaic applications: Hardware implementation. Energies, 10(5), 719.Bonnett, A.H., Glatt, H., Hauck, S. (2016), Effect of power deviations on squirrel-cage induction motors: Addressing the impact of voltage and frequency variations. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 22(6), 39-47.Brahma, S.M., Girgis, A.A. (2004), Development of adaptive protection scheme for distribution systems with high penetration of distributed generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(1), 56-63.Chicco, G., Schlabbach, J., Spertino, F. (2009), Experimental assessment of the waveform distortion in grid-connected photovoltaic installations. Solar Energy, 83(7), 1026-1039.Chidurala, A., Saha, T.K., Mithulananthan, N. (2016), Harmonic impact of high penetration photovoltaic system on unbalanced distribution networks-learning from an urban photovoltaic network. IET Renewable Power Generation, 10(4), 485-494.Congreso de Colombia. (2014), Ley 1715 de 2014. Diario Oficial. Available from: http://www.upme.gov.co/normatividad/nacional/2014/ ley_1715_2014.pdfDib, M., Ramzi, M., Nejmi, A. (2019), Voltage regulation in the medium voltage distribution grid in the presence of renewable energy sources. Materials Today: Proceedings, 13, 739-745.Duman, T., Marti, S., Moonem, M.A., Kader, A.A.R., Krishnaswami, H. (2017), A modular multilevel converter with power mismatch control for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Energies, 10(5), 698.Fernandes, D., Almeida, R., Guedes, T., Sguarezi Filho, A.J., Costa, F.F. (2017), State feedback control for DC-photovoltaic systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 143, 794-801.Gnaciński, P., Hallmann, D., Pepliński, M., Jankowski, P. (2019), The effects of voltage subharmonics on cage induction machine. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 111, 125-131.Gómez, J.R., Sousa, V., Cabello Eras, J.J., Sagastume Gutiérrez, A., Viego, P.R., Quispe, E.C., de León, G. (2022), Assessment criteria of the feasibility of replacement standard efficiency electric motors with high-efficiency motors. Energy, 239, 121877.Gómez Rodríguez, M.A., Gómez-Sarduy, J.R., Lorenzo Ginori, J.V., Fonte González, R., García Sánchez, Z. (2021), Electrical generation forecast of photovoltaic systems. First steps by cuban universities. Universidad Y Sociedad, 13(1), 253-265.Hernández-Callejo, L., Gallardo-Saavedra, S., Alonso-Gómez, V. (2019), A review of photovoltaic systems: Design, operation and maintenance. Solar Energy, 188, 426-440.Hu, X., Gong, C. (2015), A high gain input-parallel output-series DC/DC converter with dual coupled inductors. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(3), 1306-1317IEA. (2018), Market Report Series Renewables 2018 Analysis and Forecast to 2023. France: International Energy Agency. p211.IEEE. (2014), IEEE Std 519TM-2014: IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control. In: ANSI/IEEE Std. 519. Vol. 2014. United States: Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsIEEE Std 1159. (2019), IEEE Std 1159TM-2019: IEEE Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality. In: IEEE Standard 1159-2019 (Revision of IEEE Std 1159-2009). Vol. 2014. United States: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. p1-98.International Electrotechnical Commission. (2014), IEC 60034-30-1:2014 Rotating Electrical Machines : Efficiency Classes of Line Operated AC Motors. 50. United Kingdom: International Electrotechnical Commission.Jainy, G.C. (1964), The effect of voltage waveshape on the performance of a 3-phase induction motor. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 83(6), 561-566.Kusakana, K. (2015), Operation cost minimization of photovoltaic-dieselbattery hybrid systems. Energy, 85, 645-653.Langella, R., Testa, A., Meyer, J., Moller, F., Stiegler, R., Djokic, S.Z. (2016), Experimental-based evaluation of PV inverter harmonic and interharmonic distortion due to different operating conditions. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 65(10), 2221-2233.Liang, X., Andalib-Bin-Karim, C. (2018), Harmonics and mitigation techniques through advanced control in grid-connected renewable energy sources: A review. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54(4), 3100-3111.Mehazzem, F., Nemmour, A.L., Reama, A. (2017), Real time implementation of backstepping-multiscalar control to induction motor fed by voltage source inverter. 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system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain40969https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/1fc9d204-5822-4bbb-ba85-0d10fd759611/download0a6199f8940c99165e4f514ec6838e99MD53THUMBNAILAspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors.pdf.jpgAspects to consider in the evaluation of photovoltaic system projects to avoid problems in power systems and electric motors.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16641https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/2e227a54-39c4-4e7e-b4b1-ca3fc1100f53/download0c734f756638b34b94a3c134335b7938MD5411323/13372oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/133722024-09-25 03:00:33.449https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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