Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene

In this article, the pyrolysis and thermo-degradation of 11 virgin-polypropylene (virgin-PP) with different levels of arsenic in its polymer matrix, was carried out in a discontinuous quartz reactor at 500 °C. To quantify arsine (AsH3), 4 points were sampled during the PP synthesis process and a met...

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Autores:: Hernández-Fernández, Joaquin
Lopez-Martinez, Juan

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2022

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
title	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
spellingShingle	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene Arsine Virgin polypropylene Autocatalysis Degradation start Free radicals Pyrolysis
title_short	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
title_full	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
title_fullStr	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
title_full_unstemmed	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
title_sort	Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Fernández, Joaquin Lopez-Martinez, Juan
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Fernández, Joaquin Lopez-Martinez, Juan
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Arsine Virgin polypropylene Autocatalysis Degradation start Free radicals Pyrolysis
topic	Arsine Virgin polypropylene Autocatalysis Degradation start Free radicals Pyrolysis
description	In this article, the pyrolysis and thermo-degradation of 11 virgin-polypropylene (virgin-PP) with different levels of arsenic in its polymer matrix, was carried out in a discontinuous quartz reactor at 500 °C. To quantify arsine (AsH3), 4 points were sampled during the PP synthesis process and a methodology was applied by GC with 4 detectors, which simultaneously and with a single injection allowed to quantify multiple components. AsH3 in propylene varied between 0.05 and 4.73 ppm and arsenic in virgin-PP residues between 0.001 and 4.32 ppm for PP0 and PP10. These generated an increase in the melt flow index from 3.0 to 24.51 and maintained a direct relationship with an R2 of 0.9993. The origin of thermo-oxidative degradation and the beginnings of virgin-PP pyrolysis are explained by the formation to aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid functional groups, CO and CO2. These species caused TG and DTG curves to have atypical behavior for PP. For example, PP10 with an arsenic content of 4.32 ppm presented 3 degradation peaks at 80, 90 and 200 °C with a mass loss ratio of 22%, 18% and 55% °C−1 respectively. During pyrolysis the highest percentage of alkanes was found in PP0 with an average value of 62.4%, and the lowest values were found in PP8 to PP10, with oscillations between 0% and 1.4%. The total concentration of oxidized species for PP0 to PP10 was 2.26%, 32.7%, 43.1%, 50.9%, 59.3%, 66.2%, 75.0%, 83.0%, 89.1% and 97.5% respectively. In an O2 atmosphere ketones and carboxylic acids were only identified in PP0 to PP5. CO2 concentrations in PP5 to PP10 were of 100%.
publishDate	2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2022-03-04T23:06:37Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2022-03-04T23:06:37Z 2024
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2022
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv	0165-2370
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9051
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105385
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv	10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105385
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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identifier_str_mv	0165-2370 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105385 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9051 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105385 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
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[6] (a) P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, Homogeneous Catalysis Understanding the Art, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2004; (b) R.H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, fourth ed., John Wiley & Sons,, 2005. [7] W. Levason, G. Reid, Developments in the coordination chemistry of stibine ligands, Coord. Chem. Rev 250 (2006) 2565–2594. [8] A.G. Orpen, N.G. Connelly, Structural systematics: the role of P-A.sigma.* orbitals in metal-phosphorus.pi.-bonding in redox-related pairs of M-PA3 complexes (A = R, Ar, OR; R = alkyl, Organometallics 9 (1990) 1206–1210. [9] L. Cavallo, S. Del Piero, J.-M. Duc´er´e, R. Fedele, A. Melchior, G. Morini, F. Piemontesi, M. Tolazzi, Key interactions in heterogeneous Ziegler− Natta catalytic systems: structure and energetics of TiCl4− Lewis base complexes, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (2007) 4412–4419. [10] N. Bahri-Laleh, M. Nekoomanesh-Haghighi, S.A. 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Ladygina, Study of hydrogen effect in propylene polymerization on (with) the MgCl2 supported Ziegler-natta catalyst- part 2. Effect of CS2 on polymerization centres, Eur. Polym. J. 30 (1994) 1315–1318. [15] K. Kallio, A. Wartmann, K.H. Reichert, Reactivation of a poisoned metallocene catalyst by irradiation with visible light, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 23 (2002) 187–190. [16] N. Bahri-Laleh, Interaction of different poisons with MgCl2/TiCl4 based ZieglerNatta catalysts, Appl. Surf. Sci. 379 (2016) 395–401. [17] S. Pasynkiewicz, Reactions of organoaluminium compounds with electron donors, Pure Appl. Chem. 30 (1972) 509–522. [18] J. Hernandez-Fernandez, Quantification of oxygenates, sulphides, thiols and permanent gases in propylene. A multiple linear regression model to predict the loss of efficiency in Polypropylene production on an industrial scale, J. Chromatogr. A 2020 (1628) 461478–461489. [19] R.J.H. Clark, in: J.C. Bailar, H.J. Emeleus, R.S. Nyholm, A.F. 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Beltr´ an, R. Navarro, Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene over HZSM5 and HUSY zeolites in a batch reactor under dynamic conditions, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 86 (2009) 78–86. [25] E. Ahmad, S. Chadar, S.S. Tomar, M.K. Akram, Catalytic degradation of waste plastic into fuel oil, Int. J. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 3 (1) (2009) 25–34. [26] S.H. Jung, M.H. Cho, B.S. Kang, J.S. Kim, Pyrolysis of a fraction of waste polypropylene and polyethylene for the recovery of BTX aromatics using a fluidized bed reactor, Fuel Process. Technol. 91 (2010) 277–284. [27] M. Salman, R. Rehman, U. Shafique, T. Mahmud, B. Ali, Comparative thermal and catalytic recycling of low density polyethylene into diesel-like oil using different commercial catalysts, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem. 11 (2) (2012) 96–105. [21] M.R. Jan, J. Shah, H. Gulab, Catalytic degradation of waste high-density polyethylene into fuel products using BaCO3 as a catalyst, Fuel Process. Technol. 91 (11) (2010) 1428–1437. [22] M. Seifali Abbas-Abadi, M. Nekoomanesh Haghighi, H. Yeganeh, The effect of temperature, catalyst, different carrier gases and stirrer on the produced transportation hydrocarbons of LLDPE degradation in a stirred reactor, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 95 (2012) 198–204. [23] M. Seifali Abbas-Abadi, M. Nekoomanesh Haghighi, H. Yeganeh, Evaluation of pyrolysis product of virgin high density polyethylene degradation using different process parameters in a stirred reactor, Fuel Process. Technol. 109 (2012) 90–95. [24] A. Marcilla, M.I. Beltr´ an, R. Navarro, Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene over HZSM5 and HUSY zeolites in a batch reactor under dynamic conditions, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 86 (2009) 78–86. [25] E. Ahmad, S. Chadar, S.S. Tomar, M.K. Akram, Catalytic degradation of waste plastic into fuel oil, Int. J. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 3 (1) (2009) 25–34. [26] S.H. Jung, M.H. Cho, B.S. Kang, J.S. Kim, Pyrolysis of a fraction of waste polypropylene and polyethylene for the recovery of BTX aromatics using a fluidized bed reactor, Fuel Process. Technol. 91 (2010) 277–284. [27] M. Salman, R. Rehman, U. Shafique, T. Mahmud, B. Ali, Comparative thermal and catalytic recycling of low density polyethylene into diesel-like oil using different commercial catalysts, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem. 11 (2) (2012) 96–105. [28] M.N. Almustapha, J.M. Andr´esen, Recovery of valuable chemicals from high density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer: a catalytic approach for plastic waste recycling, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 3 (2012) 3–267. [29] D.C. Tiwari, E. Ahmad, K.K. Kumar Singh, Catalytic degradation of waste plastic into fuel range hydrocarbons, Int. J. Chem. Res. 1 (2) (2009) 31–36. [30] M.F. Ali, M.S. Qureshi, Catalyzed pyrolysis of plastics: a thermogravimetric study, Afr, J. Pure Appl. Chem. 5 (9) (2011) 284–292. [31] G. De la Puente, C. Klocker, U. Sedran, Conversion of waste plastics into fuels recycling polyethylene in FCC, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 36 (2002) 279–285. [32] K.H. Lee, Composition of aromatic products in the catalytic degradation of the mixture of waste polystyrene and high-density polyethylene using spent FCC catalyst, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93 (2008) 1284–1289. [33] S.L. Wong, N. Ngadi, T.A.T. Abdullah, I.M. Inuwa, Conversion of low density polyethylene (LDPE) over ZSM-5 zeolite to liquid fuel, Fuel 192 (2017) 71–82. [34] R. Miandad, M.A. Barakat, A.S. Aburiazaiza, M. Rehan, A.S. Nizami, Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste: a review, Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 102 (2016) 822–838. [35] Y. Sakata, M.A. Uddin, A. Muto, Degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene into fuel oil by using solid acid and non-acid catalysts, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 51 (1999) 135–155. [36] S. Thornberg, R. Bernstein, A. Irwin, D. Derzon, S. Klamo, R. Clough, The genesis of CO2 and CO in the thermooxidative degradation of polypropylene, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 (2007) 94–102. [37] R. Bernstein, S. Thornberg, R. Assink, A. Irwin, J. Hochrein, J. Brown, D. Derzon, S. Klamo, R. Clough, The origins of volatile oxidation products in the thermal degradation of polypropylene, identified by selective isotopic labeling, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 92 (2007) 2076–2094. [38] J. Chien, C. Boss, Polymer reactions. V. Kinetics of autoxidation of polypropylene, J. Polym. Sci.,Part A: Polym. Chem. 5 (1967), 309-101. [39] J. Chien, C. Boss, Polymer reactions. VI. Inhibited autoxidation of polypropylene, J. Polym. Sci.,Part A: Polym. Chem. 5 (1967) 1683–1697. [40] J. Chien, E. Vandenberg, H. Jabloner, Polymer reactions. III. Structure of polypropylene hydroperoxide, J. Polym. Sci.,Part A: Polym. Chem. 6 (1968) 381–392. [41] D. Carlsson, D. Wiles, The photodegradation of polypropylene fiof pol. 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I.Peroxideinitiated oxidations of atactic polypropylene, J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 11 (1973) 2813–2845. [48] G. Geuskens, M. Kabamba, Photo-oxidation of polymers - part V: a newchain scission mechanism in polyolefins, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 4 (1982) 69–76. [49] M. Iring, F. Tudos, Thermal oxidation of polyethylene and polypropylene:effects of chemical structure and reaction conditions on the oxidation process, Prog. Polym. Sci. 15 (1990) 217–262. [50] J. Hernandez-Fernandez, ´ E. Rodríguez, Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in wastewater from polypropylene production using solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A 2019 (1607) 460442–460448. [51] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ E. Rayon, ´ J. Lopez, ´ M. Arrieta, Enhancing the thermal stability of polypropylene by blending with low amounts of natural antioxidant, Macromol. Mater. Eng 304 (2019) 1900379–1900391. [52] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ J. Lopez, ´ Experimental study of the auto-catalytic effect of triethylaluminum and TiCl4 residuals at the onset of non-additive polypropylene degradation and their impact on thermo-oxidative degradation and pyrolysis, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 155 (2021) 105052–105064. [53] J. Suh, N. Kang, J. Lee, Direct determination of arsine in gases by inductively coupled plasma–dynamic reaction cell–mass spectrometry, Talanta 78 (2009) 321–325. [54] L. Helsen, Sampling technologies and air pollution control devices for gaseous and particulate arsenic: a review, Environ. Pollut. 137 (2005) 305–315. [55] M. Pantsar-Kallio, A. Korpela, Analysis of gaseous arsenic species and stability studies of arsine and trimethylarsine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta 410 (2000) 65–70. [56] R. Firor, B. Quimby, Dual-Channel Gas Chromatographic System for the Determination of Low-level Sulfur in Hydrocarbon Gases, Agilent Technologies Application Note 5988-8904EN, Agilent Technologies publisher, Wilmington, Delaware, USA, 2003. [57] M. Pantsar-Kallio, P. Manninen, Simultaneous determination of toxic arsenic and chromium species in water samples by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A 779 (1997) 139–146. [58] G. Lopez, M. Artetxe, M. Amutio, J. Bilbao, M. Olazar, Thermochemical routes for the valorization of waste polyolefinic plastics to produce fuels and chemicals a review, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73 (2017) 346–368. [59] C. Pavon, M. Aldas, J. Lopez-Martínez, ´ J. Hern´ andez-Fernandez, ´ M. Arrieta, Films based on thermoplastic starch blended with pine resin derivatives for food packaging, Foods 10 (2021) 1171–1186. [60] C. Pavon, M. Aldas, J. Hernandez-Fernandez, J. Lopez-Martínez, Comparative characterization of gum rosins for their use as sustainable additives in polymeric matrices, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. (2021) 51734–51743. [61] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ J. Lopez, ´ D. Barcelo, Development and validation of a methodology for quantifying parts-per-billion levels of arsine and phosphine in nitrogen, hydrogen and liquefied petroleum gas using a variable pressure sampler coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A 2021 (1637) 461833–461844. [62] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ Quantification of arsine and phosphine in industrial atmospheric emissions in Spain and Colombia. Implementation of modified zeolites to reduce the environmental impact of emissions, Atmospheric Pollut. Res. 12 (2021) 167–176. [63] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ J. Lopez, ´ D. Barcelo, Quantification and elimination of substituted synthetic phenols and volatile organic compounds in the wastewater treatment plant during the production of industrial scale polypropylene, J. Chromatogr. A 263 (2021) 128027–128038.
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spelling	Hernández-Fernández, JoaquinLopez-Martinez, Juan2022-03-04T23:06:37Z20242022-03-04T23:06:37Z20220165-2370https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9051https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.10538510.1016/j.jaap.2021.105385Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this article, the pyrolysis and thermo-degradation of 11 virgin-polypropylene (virgin-PP) with different levels of arsenic in its polymer matrix, was carried out in a discontinuous quartz reactor at 500 °C. To quantify arsine (AsH3), 4 points were sampled during the PP synthesis process and a methodology was applied by GC with 4 detectors, which simultaneously and with a single injection allowed to quantify multiple components. AsH3 in propylene varied between 0.05 and 4.73 ppm and arsenic in virgin-PP residues between 0.001 and 4.32 ppm for PP0 and PP10. These generated an increase in the melt flow index from 3.0 to 24.51 and maintained a direct relationship with an R2 of 0.9993. The origin of thermo-oxidative degradation and the beginnings of virgin-PP pyrolysis are explained by the formation to aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid functional groups, CO and CO2. These species caused TG and DTG curves to have atypical behavior for PP. For example, PP10 with an arsenic content of 4.32 ppm presented 3 degradation peaks at 80, 90 and 200 °C with a mass loss ratio of 22%, 18% and 55% °C−1 respectively. During pyrolysis the highest percentage of alkanes was found in PP0 with an average value of 62.4%, and the lowest values were found in PP8 to PP10, with oscillations between 0% and 1.4%. The total concentration of oxidized species for PP0 to PP10 was 2.26%, 32.7%, 43.1%, 50.9%, 59.3%, 66.2%, 75.0%, 83.0%, 89.1% and 97.5% respectively. In an O2 atmosphere ketones and carboxylic acids were only identified in PP0 to PP5. CO2 concentrations in PP5 to PP10 were of 100%.9 páginasapplication/pdfspaElsevierNetherlands© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropyleneArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237021003715Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis[1] J. Hernandez-Fern ´ andez, ´ J. Lopez, ´ Quantification of poisons for Ziegler Natta catalysts and effects on the production of polypropylene by gas chromatographic with simultaneous detection: Pulsed discharge helium ionization, mass spectrometry and flame ionization, J. Chromatogr. A 2020 (1614) 460736–460743.[2] R. Gras, J. Luong, M. Hawryluk, M. Monagle, Analysis of part-per-billion level of arsine and phosphine in light hydrocarbons by capillary flow technology and dielectric barrier discharge detector, J. Chromatogr. A 1217 (2010) 348–352.[3] G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillard, J.A. McCleverty (Eds.), Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987.[4] J.A. McCleverty, T.J. Meyer (Eds.), Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II, Elsevier, Oxford, 2004.[5] C.A. McAuliffe, W. Levason, Phosphine, Arsine and Stibine Complexes of the Transition Elements, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1979.[6] (a) P.W.N.M. van Leeuwen, Homogeneous Catalysis Understanding the Art, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2004; (b) R.H. Crabtree, The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, fourth ed., John Wiley & Sons,, 2005.[7] W. Levason, G. Reid, Developments in the coordination chemistry of stibine ligands, Coord. Chem. Rev 250 (2006) 2565–2594.[8] A.G. Orpen, N.G. 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A 263 (2021) 128027–128038.91161ArsineVirgin polypropyleneAutocatalysisDegradation startFree radicalsPyrolysisPublicationORIGINALAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdfAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdfapplication/pdf1820009https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a5dcf644-5991-4c76-8348-cb9c395dd4e4/downloadc3f4f3e6b5448f914bbc139cb1f268f0MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3d4ed5a8-4185-49fc-83de-c7b47a820b83/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdf.txtAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdf.txttext/plain43438https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/862d375a-979a-4213-a999-708f93027a3d/downloadda9efb84eed55b1988466f6b97e53c43MD53THUMBNAILAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdf.jpgAutocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg15031https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58ca1d1d-ce32-41eb-bf8d-7e1bd0f9608f/download7e45e6d112d5f9748b27bd9755a3a1fcMD5411323/9051oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/90512024-09-17 10:51:21.661https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Autocatalytic influence of different levels of arsine on the thermal stability and pyrolysis of polypropylene

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