Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre
Access to agricultural services promotes productive activity, resources for the subsistence of small peasant farmers and improves the food security of rural communities. Agricultural services include a wide range of factors, including technical assistance, seed capital, appropriate technologies, hig...
- Autores:
-
Tatis Diaz, Ricardo Josè
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10166
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10166
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Sustainable agricultural practices
Socioeconomic determinants
Agricultural services
Sustainable agriculture
SDG 2
Small farmers
Department of Sucre.
Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles
Determinantes socioeconómicos
Servicios agrícolas
Agricultura sostenible
Pequeños agricultores
Departamento de sucre
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
| id |
RCUC2_878da3e17ecec59840e5209fafd8924f |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10166 |
| network_acronym_str |
RCUC2 |
| network_name_str |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| title |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| spellingShingle |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre Sustainable agricultural practices Socioeconomic determinants Agricultural services Sustainable agriculture SDG 2 Small farmers Department of Sucre. Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles Determinantes socioeconómicos Servicios agrícolas Agricultura sostenible Pequeños agricultores Departamento de sucre |
| title_short |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| title_full |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| title_fullStr |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| title_sort |
Factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de Sucre |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Tatis Diaz, Ricardo Josè |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Carolina Pinto Osorio, Diana Del Carmen |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Tatis Diaz, Ricardo Josè |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Corrales Paternina, Amaira De la Parra Guerra, Ana Cristina Osorio Martinez, Jorge |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Sustainable agricultural practices Socioeconomic determinants Agricultural services Sustainable agriculture SDG 2 Small farmers Department of Sucre. |
| topic |
Sustainable agricultural practices Socioeconomic determinants Agricultural services Sustainable agriculture SDG 2 Small farmers Department of Sucre. Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles Determinantes socioeconómicos Servicios agrícolas Agricultura sostenible Pequeños agricultores Departamento de sucre |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles Determinantes socioeconómicos Servicios agrícolas Agricultura sostenible Pequeños agricultores Departamento de sucre |
| description |
Access to agricultural services promotes productive activity, resources for the subsistence of small peasant farmers and improves the food security of rural communities. Agricultural services include a wide range of factors, including technical assistance, seed capital, appropriate technologies, high-quality fertilization, financing, and marketing assistance. This study consisted of analyzing the socioeconomic factors that affect the application of sustainable agricultural practices in peasant families in northern Colombia. Categorical and numerical variables of demographic information were evaluated in 200 Agricultural Production Units (UPAs) in five prioritized municipalities in the department of Sucre, including Corozal, Morroa, San Onofre, San Marcos and Majagual. From the obtained data, multiple correspondence analyzes (MCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out. The results indicated heterogeneity in terms of farmer cooperatives, socioeconomic factors, and farming practices. The study found that the level of education, the type of labor implemented, the economic capacity of the producer, the level of associativity between farmers, technical assistance and agricultural credit, were determining socioeconomic factors for the imposition of agricultural practices. It was found that the level of income, the accessibility to formal credit and the level of education are factors that are related to the application of fertilizer. It was evidenced that the participation of households in local organizations, that is, frequent contact with other farmers, increases the probability of applying SAP. It was learned that in these households technical assistance and agricultural credit is not fully guaranteed, which represents a threat to the adoption of SAP and the proper use of new technologies. The results found underline the importance of critically identifying the households, their relationships, tensions and dilemmas. It became necessary to incorporate management actions and identify the best agricultural practices in the different production systems, using the information obtained from peasant households. It should be noted that the decision-making process can vary significantly and the results can be specific to certain groups of people, places and situations. Changing the perspective can have a positive impact in terms of adopting solutions based on the SAP implementation. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T16:23:52Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-23T16:23:52Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Trabajo de grado - Maestría |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10166 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC- Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10166 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC- Repositorio CUC |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
| language |
spa |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abera, W., Assen, M., & Budds, J. (2020). Determinants of agricultural land management practices among smallholder farmers in the Wanka watershed, northwestern highlands of EthiopiaI. Land Use Policy, 99(April), 104841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104841 Abraham, M., & Pingali, P. (2020). Transforming Smallholder Agriculture to Achieve the SDGs. The Role of Smallholder Farms in Food and Nutrition Security, 173–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42148-9_9 Aguilera Díaz, M. M. (2005). La economía del departamento de Sucre: ganadería y sector público. www.banrep.gov.co Aich, A., Dey, D., & Id, A. R. (2022). Climate change resilient agricultural practices: A learning experience from indigenous communities over India. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, 1(7), e0000022. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PSTR.0000022 Altieri, M. A., Nicholls, C. I., Henao, A., & Lana, M. A. (2015). Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(3), 869–890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0285-2 Amin, M. E. S., Mohamed, E. S., Belal, A. A., Jalhoum, M. E. M., Abdellatif, M. A., Nady, D., Ali, A. M., & Mahmoud, A. G. (2022). Developing spatial model to assess agro-ecological zones for sustainable agriculture development in MENA region: Case study Northern Western Coast, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 25(1), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJRS.2022.01.014 Anang, B. T., & Asante, B. O. (2020). Farm household access to agricultural services in northern Ghana. Heliyon, 6(11), e05517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05517 Aranda, M. M., Sánchez-García, M. C., & Camacho, A. D. (2017). Bases teórico-prácticas de un modelo de desarrollo sustentable para comunidades rurales con actividades agropecuarias. Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo, 14(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.22231/ASYD.V14I1.522 Araujo, H. F. P. d., Machado, C. C. C., Pareyn, F. G. C., Nascimento, N. F. F. d., Araújo, L. D. A., Borges, L. A. d. A. P., Santos, B. A., Beirigo, R. M., Vasconcellos, A., Dias, B. de O., Alvarado, F., & Silva, J. M. C. da. (2021). A sustainable agricultural landscape model for tropical drylands. Land Use Policy, 100, 104913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104913 Arnés, E., Díaz-Ambrona, C. G. H., Marín-González, O., & Astier, M. (2018). Farmer Field Schools (FFSs): A Tool Empowering Sustainability and Food Security in Peasant Farming Systems in the Nicaraguan Highlands. Sustainability, 10(9), 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093020 Asfaw, D., & Neka, M. (2017). Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation practices: The case of Wereillu Woreda (District), South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(4), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2017.10.002 Assefa, D., & Haile, F. (2021). Climate Change Induced Shocks, Consequent Impacts, Vulnerability and Farmers Endeavor to Adapt in Northern Highland: Implication for Designing Household and Community Level Strategies. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-303713/v1 Baylina, M., Rodó-Zárate, M., 2020. Youth, activism and new rurality: A feminist approach. J. Rural Stud. 79, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.08.027 Baležentis, T., & Baležentis, A. (2016). Dynamics of the total factor productivity in Lithuanin family farms with a statistical inference: the bootstrapped Malmquist indices and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Http://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/AuthorSubmission?JournalCode=rero20&page=instructions, 29(1), 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1193946 Bandiera, A. (2021). Deliberate displacement during conflict: Evidence from Colombia. World Development, 146, 105547. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2021.105547 Benitez-Altuna, F., Trienekens, J., Materia, V. C., & Bijman, J. (2021). Factors affecting the adoption of ecological intensification practices: A case study in vegetable production in Chile. Agricultural Systems, 194, 103283. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2021.103283 Berbeć, A. K., Feledyn-Szewczyk, B., Thalmann, C., Wyss, R., Grenz, J., Kopiński, J., Stalenga, J., & Radzikowski, P. (2018). Assessing the Sustainability Performance of Organic and Low-Input Conventional Farms from Eastern Poland with the RISE Indicator System. Sustainability, 10(6), 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061792 Berry, A. (2018). Economía Periódico Nova et Vetera - Universidad del Rosario. https://www.urosario.edu.co/Periodico-NovaEtVetera/Economia/La-tierra-en-Colombia-produce-mucho-pero-esta-en-m/ Björklund, J. C. (2018). Barriers to Sustainable Business Model Innovation in Swedish Agriculture. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 14(1), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.7341/20181414 Boncinelli, F., Bartolini, F., & Casini, L. (2018). Structural factors of labour allocation for farm diversification activities. Land Use Policy, 71, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2017.11.058 Bonfiglio, A., Camaioni, B., Coderoni, S., Esposti, R., Pagliacci, F., & Sotte, F. (2017). Are rural regions prioritizing knowledge transfer and innovation? Evidence from Rural Development Policy expenditure across the EU space. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.05.005 Bornhofen, E., Ramires, T. G., Bergonci, T., Nakamura, L. R., & Righetto, A. J. (2019). Associations between global indices of risk management and agricultural development. Agricultural Systems, 173, 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2019.03.006 Brundtland, G. H., & Khalid, M. (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press, Oxford, GB. Calicioglu, O., Flammini, A., Bracco, S., Bellù, L., & Sims, R. (2019). The Future Challenges of Food and Agriculture: An Integrated Analysis of Trends and Solutions. Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 222, 11(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11010222 Calleros-Islas, A., 2019. Sustainability assessment. An adaptive low-input tool applied to the management of agroecosystems in México. Ecol. Indic. 105, 386–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.040 CODS. (2021a). Los cambios que necesita el sector agrícola de cara al cambio climático. Centro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para América Latina. https://cods.uniandes.edu.co/agricultura-cambio-climatico-america-latina/ CODS. (2021b). Los retos de la agricultura colombiana frente al cambio climático. https://cods.uniandes.edu.co/los-retos-de-la-agricultura-colombiana-frente-al-cambio-climatico/ CONPES. 2018. Estrategia para la Implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Colombia, Pub. L. No. 3918, Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social República de Colombia 75 (2018). https://www.minambiente.gov.co/documento-normativa/conpes-3918-de-2018/ Corral-Montoya, F., Telias, M., & Malz, N. (2022). Unveiling the political economy of fossil fuel extractivism in Colombia: Tracing the processes of phase-in, entrenchment, and lock-in. Energy Research & Social Science, 88, 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ERSS.2021.102377 Costa, P.S., Santos, N.C., Cunha, P., Cotter, J., Sousa, N., 2013. The use of multiple correspondence analysis to explore associations between categories of qualitative variables in healthy ageing. J. Aging Res. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/302163 DANE. (2014). Censo Nacional Agropecuario . https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/agropecuario/censo-nacional-agropecuario-2014#entrega-de-resultados-del-3er-censo-nacional-agropecuario-preliminar DANE. (2016). 3er Censo Nacional Agropecuario. In Ministerio de agricultura (Vol. 2). https://www.dane.gov.co/files/images/foros/foro-de-entrega-de-resultados-y-cierre-3-censo- nacional-agropecuario/CNATomo2-Resultados.pdf DANE. (2022, April 26). Pobreza monetaria Año 2021. . Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), . https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/condiciones_vida/pobreza/2021/Comunicado-pobreza-monetaria_2021.pdf#:~:text=En los centros poblados y rural disperso%2C la,en la desigualdad del ingreso de los hogares. Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de las Naciones Unidas (UNDESA). (2019). World Population Prospects . Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP). (2021). Informe Anual de Avance en la Implementación de los ODS Colombia . www.dnp.gov.co Deng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., Shi, Q., & Li, Y. (2013). A revisit to the impacts of land use changes on the human wellbeing via altering the ecosystem provisioning services. Advances in Meteorology, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/907367 Dessart, F. J., Barreiro-Hurlé, J., & Van Bavel, R. (2021). Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 417–471. https://doi.org/10.1093/ERAE/JBZ019 EAFIT. (2018). Estudio sobre Bioeconomía como Fuente de Nuevas Industrias Basadas en el Capital Natural de Colombia. No1240667. Fase I ANEXO 5. Análisis de Biodiversidad Ehiakpor, D. S., Danso-Abbeam, G., & Mubashiru, Y. (2021). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ghana. Land Use Policy, 101, 105142. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2020.105142 Estrategia para la Implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Colombia, Pub. L. No. 3918, Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social República de Colombia 75 (2018). https://www.minambiente.gov.co/documento-normativa/conpes-3918-de-2018/ Fajardo-Montaña, D. (2021). Repensar el futuro de América Latina y el Caribe. Alternativas para la transformación social-ecológica CÁTEDRA: 8|Mayo de 2021 SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA AGRICULTURA COLOMBIANA FAO. (2016). La Alimentación y la Agricultura . Claves para la Ejecución de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. In Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. https://www.fao.org/3/i5499s/i5499s.pdf FAO. (2017a). El Estado Mundial de la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Aprovechar los Sistemas para lograr una Transformación Rural Inclusiva. . www.fao.org/publications FAO. (2017b). El futuro de la alimentación y la agricultura. Tendencias y desafíos. https://www.fao.org/3/i6881s/i6881s.pdf FAO. (2017c). The future of food and agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdf FAO. (2019). The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, J. Bélanger & D. Pilling (eds.).FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Assessments. Rome. 572 pp. http://www.fao.org/3/CA3129EN/CA3129EN.pdf FAO, FIDA, UNICEF, & PMA Y OMS. (2018). El estado de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en el mundo 2018. http://www.fao.org/publications/es FAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. 2020. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World. Transformation of food systems to promote affordable and healthy diets. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692es Fernandes, L. and W. (2008). Family Farm Sustainability in Southern Brazil: an Application of Agri-environmental Indicators SEE PROFILE. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.01.027 Fernandez, M., Williams, J., Figueroa, G., Graddy-Lovelace, G., MacHado, M., Vazquez, L., Perez, N., Casimiro, L., Romero, G., & Funes-Aguilar, F. (2018). New opportunities, new challenges: Harnessing Cuba’s advances in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the context of changing relations with the United States. Elementa, 6(76). https://doi.org/10.1525/ELEMENTA.337/112850 Foguesatto, C. R., Borges, J. A. R., & Machado, J. A. D. (2019). Farmers’ typologies regarding environmental values and climate change: Evidence from southern Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.05.275 Foguesatto, C. R., Borges, J. A. R., & Machado, J. A. D. (2020). A review and some reflections on farmers’ adoption of sustainable agricultural practices worldwide. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 138831. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.138831 Frelat, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Giller, K. E., Herrero, M., Douxchamps, S., Djurfeldt, A. A., Erenstein, O., Henderson, B., Kassie, M., Paul, B. K., Rigolot, C., Ritzema, R. S., Rodriguez, D., Van Asten, P. J. A., & Van Wijk, M. T. (2016). Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(2), 458–463. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518384112 Garrido-Rubiano, M. F., Martínez-Medrano, J. C., Martínez-Bautista, H., Granados-Carvajal, R. E., & Rendón-Medel, R. (2016). Pequeños productores de maíz en el Caribe colombiano: estudio de sus atributos y prácticas agrícolas. Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria, 18(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num1_art:556 Gil, J. D. B., Garrett, R., & Berger, T. (2016). Determinants of crop-livestock integration in Brazil: Evidence from the household and regional levels. Land Use Policy, 59, 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.022 Gligo, N., Alonso, G., Barkin, D., Brailovsky, A., Brzovic, F., Carrizosa, J., Durán, H., Fernández, P., Gallopín, G., Leal, J., Marino De Botero, M., Morales, C., Monasterio, F. O., Panario, D., Pengue, W., Becerra, M. R., Rofman, A., Saa, R., Sejenovich, H., … Sostenible, D. (2020). La tragedia ambiental de América Latina y el Caribe (S. C. E. para A. L. ye el C. Libros de la CEPAL (LC/PUB.2020/11-P) (ed.)). https://www.foronacionalambiental.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/La-tragedia-ambiental-de-ALC-WEB-1.pdf Gobernación de Sucre. (2020a). Plan de Desarrollo Sucre Diferente 2020 -2023. Gobernación de Sucre. http://www.sucre.gov.co/planes/plan-de-desarrollo-departamental-sucre-diferente-sin Gobernación de Sucre. (2020b). Plan Departamental De Extensión Agropecuaria Sucre , Una Gran Empresa Agroproductiva. 1–89. Gómez, C. J. L., Sánchez-Ayala, L., & Vargas, G. A. (2015). Armed conflict, land grabs and primitive accumulation in Colombia: micro processes, macro trends and the puzzles in between. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/03066150.2014.990893, 42(2), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.990893 Green, A., Nemecek, T., Chaudhary, A., & Mathys, A. (2020a). Assessing nutritional, health, and environmental sustainability dimensions of agri-food production. Global Food Security, 26(June), 100406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100406 Green, A., Nemecek, T., Chaudhary, A., & Mathys, A. (2020b). Assessing nutritional, health, and environmental sustainability dimensions of agri-food production. In Global Food Security (Vol. 26, p. 100406). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100406 Guarín, S., Tovar, P., & Amaya, A. M. (2018). Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial: cambiar el rumbo para evitar el naufragio. 37. www.ideaspaz.orgg//e-mail::fip@ideaspaz.org Gutiérrez García, G. A., Gutiérrez-Montes, I., Hernández Núñez, H. E., Suárez Salazar, J. C., & Casanoves, F. (2020). Relevance of local knowledge in decision-making and rural innovation: A methodological proposal for leveraging participation of Colombian cocoa producers. Journal of Rural Studies, 75(February), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.012 Handavu, F., Chirwa, P.W.C., Syampungani, S., 2019. Socio-economic factors influencing land-use and land-cover changes in the miombo woodlands of the Copperbelt province in Zambia. For. Policy Econ. 100, 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.10.010 He, H.-M., Liu, L.-N., Munir, S., Bashir, N. H., Wang, Y., Jing, Y., & Li, C.-Y. (2019). Crop diversity and pest management in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62689-4 HLPE. (2019). Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. . www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe Humbert, G., Parr, T. B., Jeanneau, L., Dupas, R., Petitjean, P., Akkal-Corfini, N., Viaud, V., Pierson-Wickmann, A. C., Denis, M., Inamdar, S., Gruau, G., Durand, P., & Jaffrézic, A. (2019). Agricultural Practices and Hydrologic Conditions Shape the Temporal Pattern of Soil and Stream Water Dissolved Organic Matter. Ecosystems 2019 23:7, 23(7), 1325–1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10021-019-00471-W Ibáñez A. M., & Velásquez M. (2018). Desarrollo rural: recomendaciones para el nuevo gobierno 2018-2022 (No. 55). http://egob.uniandes.edu.co IDEAM, (2016). Datos sistema de información nacional ambiental Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. . http://dhime.ideam.gov.co/atencionciudadano/ IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2020/02/SPM_Updated-Jan20.pdf Islam, S. M. F., Karim, Z., Islam, S. M. F., & Karim, Z. (2019). Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices and Enterprise Development for Coping with Global Climate Change. Sustainable Management Practices. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87000 Jagoret, P., Snoeck, D., Bouambi, E., Ngnogue, H. T., Nyassé, S., & Saj, S. (2017). Rehabilitation practices that shape cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Cameroon: key management strategies for long-term exploitation. Agroforestry Systems 2017 92:5, 92(5), 1185–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10457-016-0055-4 Jara-Rojas, R., Bravo-Ureta, B. E., & Díaz, J. (2012). Adoption of water conservation practices: A socioeconomic analysis of small-scale farmers in Central Chile. Agricultural Systems, 110, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2012.03.008 Jean-Francois, L. C., Eric, S., Muriel, B., Sandrine Freguin, G., Jacques, M., Paulo, N., Maria Mercedes, P., & Luis, V. (2020). Public policy support for agroecology in Latin America: Lessons and perspectives1. Global Journal of Ecology, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.17352/GJE.000032 Kassie, M., Jaleta, M., Shiferaw, B., Mmbando, F., & Mekuria, M. (2013). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices in smallholder systems: Evidence from rural Tanzania. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(3), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2012.08.007 Keller, C., Guntzer, F., Barboni, D., Labreuche, J., & Meunier, J. D. (2012). Impact of agriculture on the Si biogeochemical cycle: Input from phytolith studies. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 344(11–12), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRTE.2012.10.004 Laurett, R., Paço, A., & Mainardes, E. W. (2021). Sustainable Development in Agriculture and its Antecedents, Barriers and Consequences – An Exploratory Study. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.032 Leslie R. Holdridge H. (1978). Ecología basada en zonas de vida https://repositorio.iica.int/bitstream/handle/11324/7936/BVE19040225e.pdf?sequence Maass Wolfenson Karla D. (2013). Coping With the Food and Agriculture Challenge: Smallholders’ Agenda . In Natural Resources Management and Environment Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Ed.), Preparations and outcomes of the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) (p. 47). https://www.fao.org/3/ar363e/ar363e.pdf MADR, Gobernación del Sucre, CRCI-Sucre, AGROSAVIA. (2022). Actualización del Plan Estratégico de Ciencia, Tecnología, e Innovación del sector Agropecuario PECTIA 2017 - 2027 : Departamento de Sucre 2022. Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/37781 Matiu, M., Ankerst, D. P., & Menzel, A. (2017). Interactions between temperature and drought in global and regional crop yield variability during 1961-2014. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 12, Issue 5). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178339 Mazhar, R., Ghafoor, A., Xuehao, B., & Wei, Z. (2021). Fostering sustainable agriculture: Do institutional factors impact the adoption of multiple climate-smart agricultural practices among new entry organic farmers in Pakistan? Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 124620. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.124620 Mazvimavi, K., & Twomlow, S. (2009). Socioeconomic and institutional factors influencing adoption of conservation farming by vulnerable households in Zimbabwe. Agricultural Systems, 101(1–2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.02.002 Menalled, F., Bass, T., Buschena, D., Cash, D., Malone, M., Maxwell, B., ... & Weaver, D. (2008). An introduction to the principles and practices of sustainable farming. Montana State University, 1-4. Minagricultura. (2019). Política Agropecuaria y de Desarrollo Rural, Insumos Agropecuarios . https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos/5. LINEAMIENTOS DE LA POLÍTICA DE INSUMOS AGROPECURIOS.pdf Minagricultura. (2020). El Sector Agropecuario Creció e Impulsó la Economía Colombiana . https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/El-sector-agropecuario-creció-6,8-e-impulsó-la-economía-colombiana-en-el-primer-trimestre-de-2020-.aspx Minagricultura. (2021, August 17). El sector agropecuario creció 3,8% en el PIB del segundo trimestre de 2021. https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/El-sector-agropecuario-creció-3,8-en-el-PIB-del-segundo-trimestre-de-2021.aspx Mogaka, B. O., Bett, H. K., & Ng’ang’a, S. K. (2021). Socioeconomic factors influencing the choice of climate-smart soil practices among farmers in western Kenya. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 5, 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAFR.2021.100168 Morales, W. B. (2019). Análisis contextual de los posibles efectos en la deforestación de Cartagena del Chairá, Caquetá, luego del acuerdo de paz firmado con las Farc-EP a partir de. https://repository.udistrital.edu.co/handle/11349/7627 Muchane, M. N., Sileshi, G. W., Gripenberg, S., Jonsson, M., Pumariño, L., & Barrios, E. (2020). Agroforestry boosts soil health in the humid and sub-humid tropics: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 295, 106899. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGEE.2020.106899 Mucheru-muna, M., Mucheru-muna, M., Mucheru-muna, M., Achieng, M., Mugwe, J., Mugi-ngenga, E., Mairura, F., Zingore, S., Mutegi, J.K., County, E., Ahmat, F., Ndumurumyi, A., 2021. Heliyon Socio-economic predictors, soil fertility knowledge domains and strategies for sustainable maize intensification in Embu County, Kenya. Heliyon 7, e06345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06345 Naciones Unidas. (2018). La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible Una oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/40155/24/S1801141_es.pdf Nkomoki, W., Bavorová, M., & Banout, J. (2018). Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and food security threats: Effects of land tenure in Zambia. Land Use Policy, 78, 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2018.07.021 OCDE-FAO. (2021). OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2021-2030. Publishing, Paris, , 362. https://doi.org/10.1787/47a9fa44-es Olomola, A. (2013). Policy options for agricultural investments and gover_nance of markets: In support of small‐scale agriculture in Nigeria. Oxfam Research Report., 39. https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/rr-tipping-balance-nigeria-220813-en_0.pdf ONU. (2021). La pandemia del COVID-19 acelera la desigualdad y frena el desarrollo sostenible . Noticias ONU. Mirada Global Historias Humanas . https://news.un.org/es/story/2021/03/1490032 Oyetunde-Usman, Z., Olagunju, K. O., & Ogunpaimo, O. R. (2021b). Determinants of adoption of multiple sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 9(2), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.10.007 Page, K. L., Dang, Y. P., & Dalal, R. C. (2020). The Ability of Conservation Agriculture to Conserve Soil Organic Carbon and the Subsequent Impact on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties and Yield. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2020.00031/BIBTEX Peña, K., Rodríguez, J. C., Olivera, D., Fuentes, P. F., Melendrez, J. F., Peña, K., Rodríguez, J. C., Olivera, D., Fuentes, P. F., & Melendrez, J. F. (2016). Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles que incrementan los rendimientos de diferentes cultivos en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Agronomía Costarricense, 40(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.15517/RAC.V40I2.27391 Perfetti, J. J., Balcázar, Á., Hernández, A., & Leibovich, J. (2013). Políticas para el desarrollo de la agricultura en Colombia. www.bancoagrario.gov.co Pham, H. G., Chuah, S. H., & Feeny, S. (2021). Factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: Findings from panel data for Vietnam. Ecological Economics, 184, 107000. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2021.107000 PNUD. (2018). Agenda 2030 Transformando Colombia. Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas. https://www.undp.org/es/colombia/publications/agenda-2030-transformando-colombia PNUD. (2019). La gran transformación. Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible . https://www1.undp.org/content/undp/es/home/sustainable-development-goals.html Portafolio. (2020). El panorama de la agricultura en Colombia en su día Internacional . https://www.portafolio.co/economia/el-panorama-de-la-agricultura-en-colombia-en-su-dia-internacional-de-la-agricultura-544437 Porter, J.R., Xie, L., Challinor, A.J., Cochrane, K., Howden, S.M., Iqbal, M.M., Lobell, D.B. & Travasso. M.I. (2014). Food security and food production systems. In IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp. 485–533. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, CambridgeUniversity Press. Quimbayo Ruiz, G. A., Kotilainen, J., & Salo, M. (2020). Reterritorialization practices and strategies of campesinos in the urban frontier of Bogotá, Colombia. Land Use Policy, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105058 R Development Core Team, 2013. A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 3.0.1. R Foundation for Statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002 Ranjan Dash, S., Dev Mukhopadhyay, S., Jit Mishra, P., Kumar Swain, S., & Vigyan Kendra, K. (2022). Identifying and Understanding Factors Influencing the Knowledge Level of Farmers in Watershed Development Programme Using Principal Components Analysis. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 893–908. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2022/V40I1031157 Reddy, B. S. (2010). Organic Farming: Status, Issues and Prospects-A Review . In Agricultural Economics Research Review (Vol. 23). https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/97015/ Restrepo Ibiza, J. (2021). Hacia la Transformación del Agro en Colombia . In Frieddrich Ebert Stiftung (Ed.), Apuntes de la Catedra: Repensar el futuro de América Latina y el Caribe. Alternativas para la transformación social-ecológica (pp. 1–13). Rigolot, C., & Quantin, M. (2022). Biodynamic farming as a resource for sustainability transformations: Potential and challenges. Agricultural Systems, 200, 103424. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2022.103424 Robert, M., Thomas, A., Sekhar, M., Badiger, S., Ruiz, L., Willaume, M., Leenhardt, D., & Bergez, J. E. (2017). Farm Typology in the Berambadi Watershed (India): Farming Systems Are Determined by Farm Size and Access to Groundwater. Water 2017, Vol. 9, Page 51, 9(1),51. https://doi.org/10.3390/W9010051 Santacoloma-Varón, L. E. (2015). Importancia de la economía campesina en los contextos contemporáneos: una mirada al caso colombiano. Entramado, 11(2), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.18041/entramado.2015v11n2.22210 Sarkodie, S. A. (2018). The invisible hand and EKC hypothesis: what are the drivers of environmental degradation and pollution in Africa? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018 25:22, 25(22), 21993–22022. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-018-2347-X Schulte, L. A., Dale, B. E., Bozzetto, S., Liebman, M., Souza, G. M., Haddad, N., Richard, T. L., Basso, B., Brown, R. C., Hilbert, J. A., & Arbuckle, J. G. (2021). Meeting global challenges with regenerative agriculture producing food and energy. Nature Sustainability 2021 5:5, 5(5), 384–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41893-021-00827-Y Shayaa Al-Shayaa, M., Al-Wabel, M., Herab, A. H., Sallam, A., Barjees Baig, M., & Usman, A. R. A. (2021). Environmental issues in relation to agricultural practices and attitudes of farmers: A case study from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 1080–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SJBS.2020.11.026 Sihem, E. (2019). Economic and socio-cultural determinants of agricultural insurance demand across countries. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.04.004 Srinivasa Rao, C., Kareemulla, K., Krishnan, P., Murthy, G. R. K., Ramesh, P., Ananthan, P. S., & Joshi, P. K. (2019). Agro-ecosystem based sustainability indicators for climate resilient agriculture in India: A conceptual framework. Ecological Indicators, 105, 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.038 Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R.,Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1259855/SUPPL_FILE/STEFFEN-SM.PDF Tanumihardjo, S.A., McCulley, L., Roh, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Palacios-Rojas, N., Gunaratna, N.S., 2020. Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals. Glob. Food Sec. 25, 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100327 Tatis Diaz, R., Pinto Osorio, D., Medina Hernández, E., Moreno Pallares, M., Canales, F. A., Corrales Paternina, A., & Echeverría-González, A. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants that influence the agricultural practices of small farm families in northern Colombia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSSAS.2021.12.001 Teklewold, H., Kassie, M., & Shiferaw, B. (2013). Adoption of multiple sustainable agricultural practices in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(3), 597–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12011 Terlau, W., Hirsch, D., & Blanke, M. (2019). Smallholder farmers as a backbone for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1907 Tzouramani, I., Mantziaris, S., & Karanikolas, P. (2020). Assessing Sustainability Performance at the Farm Level: Examples from Greek Agricultural Systems. Sustainability, 12(7), 2929. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072929 UPRA. (2019). Unidad de Planeación Rural Agropecuaria. https://sites-google-com.ezproxy.cuc.edu.co/a/upra.gov.co/presentaciones-upra/departamental Van der Ploeg, J. D., Barjolle, D., Bruil, J., Brunori, G., Costa Madureira, L. M., Dessein, J., Drąg, Z., Fink-Kessler, A., Gasselin, P., Gonzalez de Molina, M., Gorlach, K., Jürgens, K., Kinsella, J., Kirwan, J., Knickel, K., Lucas, V., Marsden, T., Maye, D., Migliorini, P., … Wezel, A. (2019). The economic potential of agroecology: Empirical evidence from Europe. Journal of Rural Studies, 71(September), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.09.003 Villanueva-Mejía, D. F., & Villanueva-Mejía, D. F. (2018). Modern Biotechnology for Agricultural Development in Colombia. Ingeniería y Ciencia, 14(28), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.7 Viteri-Salazar, O., Toledo, L., 2020. The expansion of the agricultural frontier in the northern Amazon region of Ecuador, 2000–2011: Process, causes, and impact. Land use policy 99, 104986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104986 Ward, P. S., Bell, A. R., Droppelmann, K., & Benton, T. G. (2017). Early adoption of conservation agriculture practices: Understanding partial compliance in programs with multiple adoption decisions ☆ A R T I C L E I N F O. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.001 Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T., Tilman, D., DeClerck, F., Wood, A., Jonell, M., Clark, M., Gordon, L. J., Fanzo, J., Hawkes, C., Zurayk, R., Rivera, J. A., De Vries, W., Majele Sibanda, L., … Murray, C. J. L. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet (London, England), 393(10170), 447–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 Xavier, A., Costa Freitas, M. de B., Fragoso, R., & Rosário, M. do S. (2022). Analysing the Recent Dynamics of Agricultural Sustainability in Portugal Using a Compromise Programming Approach. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 12512, 14(19), 12512. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU141912512 Yahaya I. (2015). Essays On Sustainable Agricultural Intensification Practices: The Case Of Two West African States. In Tesis Doctoral (p. 158). file:///C:/Users/USUARIO/Desktop/Tesis compañeras/SAP.pdf Yue, K., Fornara, D. A., Heděnec, P., Wu, Q., Peng, Y., Peng, X., Ni, X., Wu, F., & Peñuelas, J. (2023). No tillage decreases GHG emissions with no crop yield tradeoff at the global scale. Soil and Tillage Research, 228, 105643. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STILL.2023.105643 Zeweld, W., Huylenbroeck, G. Van, Tesfay, G., & Speelman, S. (2016). Smallholder farmers’ behavioural intentions towards sustainable agricultural practices. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.014 Zeweld, W., Van Huylenbroeck, G., Tesfay, G., & Speelman, S. (2017). Smallholder farmers’ behavioural intentions towards sustainable agricultural practices. Journal of Environmental Management, 187, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.11.014 Zhou, L., Huang, X., Zhao, C., Pu, T., & Zhang, L. (2022). Regional landscape transformation and sustainability of the rural homegarden agroforestry system in the Chengdu Plain, China. Regional Sustainability, 3(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REGSUS.2022.04.001 Zugravu-Soilita, N., Kafrouni, R., Bouard, S., & Apithy, L. (2021). Do cultural capital and social capital matter for economic performance? An empirical investigation of tribal agriculture in New Caledonia. Ecological Economics, 182(December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106933 |
| dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
104 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.coverage.region.none.fl_str_mv |
Sucre |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv |
Civil y Ambiental |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Barranquilla, Colombia |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible |
| institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/46909220-40c0-44df-b334-05b9cb219fb9/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/20e03001-a5f1-43af-82d7-e3a807b4a43f/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d20d6b12-e5f4-449c-9360-aadc7d44e80d/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7b05bc9d-e306-4c94-af51-0a504719f93d/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
d91cbbb6691bb630c874838bbe3cb98f 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a 2a0cb892d98cd994983a534cf021e959 5744cf0226283a53ad6f4448619bc2d2 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repdigital@cuc.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1828166901150253056 |
| spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Torregroza Espinosa, Ana CarolinaPinto Osorio, Diana Del CarmenTatis Diaz, Ricardo JosèCorrales Paternina, AmairaDe la Parra Guerra, Ana CristinaOsorio Martinez, Jorge2023-05-23T16:23:52Z2023-05-23T16:23:52Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10166Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC- Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Access to agricultural services promotes productive activity, resources for the subsistence of small peasant farmers and improves the food security of rural communities. Agricultural services include a wide range of factors, including technical assistance, seed capital, appropriate technologies, high-quality fertilization, financing, and marketing assistance. This study consisted of analyzing the socioeconomic factors that affect the application of sustainable agricultural practices in peasant families in northern Colombia. Categorical and numerical variables of demographic information were evaluated in 200 Agricultural Production Units (UPAs) in five prioritized municipalities in the department of Sucre, including Corozal, Morroa, San Onofre, San Marcos and Majagual. From the obtained data, multiple correspondence analyzes (MCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out. The results indicated heterogeneity in terms of farmer cooperatives, socioeconomic factors, and farming practices. The study found that the level of education, the type of labor implemented, the economic capacity of the producer, the level of associativity between farmers, technical assistance and agricultural credit, were determining socioeconomic factors for the imposition of agricultural practices. It was found that the level of income, the accessibility to formal credit and the level of education are factors that are related to the application of fertilizer. It was evidenced that the participation of households in local organizations, that is, frequent contact with other farmers, increases the probability of applying SAP. It was learned that in these households technical assistance and agricultural credit is not fully guaranteed, which represents a threat to the adoption of SAP and the proper use of new technologies. The results found underline the importance of critically identifying the households, their relationships, tensions and dilemmas. It became necessary to incorporate management actions and identify the best agricultural practices in the different production systems, using the information obtained from peasant households. It should be noted that the decision-making process can vary significantly and the results can be specific to certain groups of people, places and situations. Changing the perspective can have a positive impact in terms of adopting solutions based on the SAP implementation.El acceso a los servicios agrícolas promueve la actividad productiva, los recursos para la subsistencia de pequeños agricultores campesinos y mejora la seguridad alimentaria de las comunidades rurales. Los servicios agrícolas incluyen una amplia gama de factores, incluidos, asistencia técnica, capital semilla, tecnologías apropiadas, fertilización de alta calidad, financiamiento y asistencia para la comercialización. Este estudio consistió en analizar los factores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en familias campesinas del norte de Colombia. Se evaluaron variables categóricas y numéricas de información demográfica en 200 Unidades de Productivas Agropecuarias (UPAs) en cinco municipios priorizados en el departamento de Sucre, incluidos; Corozal, Morroa San Onofre, San Marcos y Majagual. A partir de los datos conseguidos, se llevaron a cabo análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM) y análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Los resultados indicaron heterogeneidad en términos de cooperativas de agricultores, factores socioeconómicos y prácticas agrícolas. El estudio encontró que el nivel de educación, el tipo de mano de obra implementado, la capacidad económica del productor, el nivel de asociatividad entre agricultores, la asistencia técnica y el crédito agrícola, fueron factores socioeconómicos determinantes para el impuso de prácticas agrícolas. Se encontró que el nivel de ingresos, la accesibilidad al crédito formal y el nivel de educación son factores que se relacionan con la aplicación de fertilizante. Se evidencio que la participación de los hogares en organizaciones locales, es decir, el frecuente contacto con otros agricultores, aumenta la probabilidad de aplicar SAP. Se conoció que en estos hogares la asistencia técnica y el crédito agrícola no está totalmente garantizado lo que representa una amenaza para la adopción de SAP y el uso adecuado de nuevas tecnologías. Los resultados encontrados subrayan la importancia de identificar de forma crítica los factores socioeconómicos de los hogares campesinos, sus relaciones, tensiones y dilemas. Se hizo necesario incorporar acciones de manejo e identificar las mejores prácticas agrícolas en los diferentes sistemas de producción, utilizando la información obtenida de los hogares campesinos. Cabe destacar que el proceso de toma de decisiones puede variar significativamente y los resultados pueden ser específicos de ciertos grupos de personas, lugares y situaciones. Cambiar la perspectiva puede tener un impacto positivo en términos de adoptar soluciones basadas en la implementación de SAP.Introducción 14 -- Contextualización 14 -- Planteamiento del problema 18 -- Justificación 23 -- Objetivos de la investigación 27 -- Objetivo general 27 -- Objetivos específicos 27 -- Capítulo I 28 -- Marco teórico 28 -- Agricultura sostenible 28 -- Modelo de agricultura sostenible 31 -- Factores de la agricultura sostenible 33 -- Agricultura sostenible en colombia 34 -- Aplicación de los ods en la agricultura sostenible 36 -- Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles (SAP) 37 -- Conocimiento de los agricultores sobre la aplicación de SAP 38 -- Estado del arte 40 -- Capítulo II 49 -- Metodología 49 -- Área de estudio 49 -- Técnicas de recopilación de información 53 -- Análisis de datos 55 -- Acciones de manejo para la promoción e implementación de SAP en UPAs del departamento de sucre. 56 -- Capitulo III 57 -- Resultados 57 -- Estadística descriptiva 57 -- Resultados del análisis multivariante 60 -- Resultado mediante análisis de correspondencia múltiple (acm 60 -- Organización social y asistencia técnica agrícola 66 -- Crédito agrícola 67 -- Fertilización 68 -- Sistemas agrícolas implementados 70 -- Resultado del análisis de componentes principales (acp) 71 -- Acciones de manejo propuestas que promuevan la implementación de sap. 75 -- Discusión 78 -- Conclusión 82 -- Referencia 84 --Magíster en Desarrollo SostenibleMaestría104 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaMaestría en Desarrollo SostenibleFactores socioeconómicos que inciden en la aplicación de prácticas agrícolas sostenibles en pequeños agricultores del departamento de SucreTrabajo de grado - MaestríaTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionSucreAbera, W., Assen, M., & Budds, J. (2020). Determinants of agricultural land management practices among smallholder farmers in the Wanka watershed, northwestern highlands of EthiopiaI. Land Use Policy, 99(April), 104841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104841Abraham, M., & Pingali, P. (2020). Transforming Smallholder Agriculture to Achieve the SDGs. The Role of Smallholder Farms in Food and Nutrition Security, 173–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42148-9_9Aguilera Díaz, M. M. (2005). La economía del departamento de Sucre: ganadería y sector público. www.banrep.gov.coAich, A., Dey, D., & Id, A. R. (2022). Climate change resilient agricultural practices: A learning experience from indigenous communities over India. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, 1(7), e0000022. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PSTR.0000022Altieri, M. A., Nicholls, C. I., Henao, A., & Lana, M. A. (2015). Agroecology and the design of climate change-resilient farming systems. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(3), 869–890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0285-2Amin, M. E. S., Mohamed, E. S., Belal, A. A., Jalhoum, M. E. M., Abdellatif, M. A., Nady, D., Ali, A. M., & Mahmoud, A. G. (2022). Developing spatial model to assess agro-ecological zones for sustainable agriculture development in MENA region: Case study Northern Western Coast, Egypt. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 25(1), 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJRS.2022.01.014Anang, B. T., & Asante, B. O. (2020). Farm household access to agricultural services in northern Ghana. Heliyon, 6(11), e05517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05517Aranda, M. M., Sánchez-García, M. C., & Camacho, A. D. (2017). Bases teórico-prácticas de un modelo de desarrollo sustentable para comunidades rurales con actividades agropecuarias. Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo, 14(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.22231/ASYD.V14I1.522Araujo, H. F. P. d., Machado, C. C. C., Pareyn, F. G. C., Nascimento, N. F. F. d., Araújo, L. D. A., Borges, L. A. d. A. P., Santos, B. A., Beirigo, R. M., Vasconcellos, A., Dias, B. de O., Alvarado, F., & Silva, J. M. C. da. (2021). A sustainable agricultural landscape model for tropical drylands. Land Use Policy, 100, 104913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104913Arnés, E., Díaz-Ambrona, C. G. H., Marín-González, O., & Astier, M. (2018). Farmer Field Schools (FFSs): A Tool Empowering Sustainability and Food Security in Peasant Farming Systems in the Nicaraguan Highlands. Sustainability, 10(9), 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093020Asfaw, D., & Neka, M. (2017). Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation practices: The case of Wereillu Woreda (District), South Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(4), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ISWCR.2017.10.002Assefa, D., & Haile, F. (2021). Climate Change Induced Shocks, Consequent Impacts, Vulnerability and Farmers Endeavor to Adapt in Northern Highland: Implication for Designing Household and Community Level Strategies. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-303713/v1Baylina, M., Rodó-Zárate, M., 2020. Youth, activism and new rurality: A feminist approach. J. Rural Stud. 79, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.08.027Baležentis, T., & Baležentis, A. (2016). Dynamics of the total factor productivity in Lithuanin family farms with a statistical inference: the bootstrapped Malmquist indices and Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Http://Www.Tandfonline.Com/Action/AuthorSubmission?JournalCode=rero20&page=instructions, 29(1), 643–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1193946Bandiera, A. (2021). Deliberate displacement during conflict: Evidence from Colombia. World Development, 146, 105547. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WORLDDEV.2021.105547Benitez-Altuna, F., Trienekens, J., Materia, V. C., & Bijman, J. (2021). Factors affecting the adoption of ecological intensification practices: A case study in vegetable production in Chile. Agricultural Systems, 194, 103283. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2021.103283Berbeć, A. K., Feledyn-Szewczyk, B., Thalmann, C., Wyss, R., Grenz, J., Kopiński, J., Stalenga, J., & Radzikowski, P. (2018). Assessing the Sustainability Performance of Organic and Low-Input Conventional Farms from Eastern Poland with the RISE Indicator System. Sustainability, 10(6), 1792. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061792Berry, A. (2018). Economía Periódico Nova et Vetera - Universidad del Rosario. https://www.urosario.edu.co/Periodico-NovaEtVetera/Economia/La-tierra-en-Colombia-produce-mucho-pero-esta-en-m/Björklund, J. C. (2018). Barriers to Sustainable Business Model Innovation in Swedish Agriculture. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 14(1), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.7341/20181414Boncinelli, F., Bartolini, F., & Casini, L. (2018). Structural factors of labour allocation for farm diversification activities. Land Use Policy, 71, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2017.11.058Bonfiglio, A., Camaioni, B., Coderoni, S., Esposti, R., Pagliacci, F., & Sotte, F. (2017). Are rural regions prioritizing knowledge transfer and innovation? Evidence from Rural Development Policy expenditure across the EU space. Journal of Rural Studies, 53, 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.05.005Bornhofen, E., Ramires, T. G., Bergonci, T., Nakamura, L. R., & Righetto, A. J. (2019). Associations between global indices of risk management and agricultural development. Agricultural Systems, 173, 281–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2019.03.006Brundtland, G. H., & Khalid, M. (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press, Oxford, GB.Calicioglu, O., Flammini, A., Bracco, S., Bellù, L., & Sims, R. (2019). The Future Challenges of Food and Agriculture: An Integrated Analysis of Trends and Solutions. Sustainability 2019, Vol. 11, Page 222, 11(1), 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11010222Calleros-Islas, A., 2019. Sustainability assessment. An adaptive low-input tool applied to the management of agroecosystems in México. Ecol. Indic. 105, 386–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.040CODS. (2021a). Los cambios que necesita el sector agrícola de cara al cambio climático. Centro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para América Latina. https://cods.uniandes.edu.co/agricultura-cambio-climatico-america-latina/CODS. (2021b). Los retos de la agricultura colombiana frente al cambio climático. https://cods.uniandes.edu.co/los-retos-de-la-agricultura-colombiana-frente-al-cambio-climatico/CONPES. 2018. Estrategia para la Implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Colombia, Pub. L. No. 3918, Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social República de Colombia 75 (2018). https://www.minambiente.gov.co/documento-normativa/conpes-3918-de-2018/Corral-Montoya, F., Telias, M., & Malz, N. (2022). Unveiling the political economy of fossil fuel extractivism in Colombia: Tracing the processes of phase-in, entrenchment, and lock-in. Energy Research & Social Science, 88, 102377. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ERSS.2021.102377Costa, P.S., Santos, N.C., Cunha, P., Cotter, J., Sousa, N., 2013. The use of multiple correspondence analysis to explore associations between categories of qualitative variables in healthy ageing. J. Aging Res. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/302163DANE. (2014). Censo Nacional Agropecuario . https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/agropecuario/censo-nacional-agropecuario-2014#entrega-de-resultados-del-3er-censo-nacional-agropecuario-preliminarDANE. (2016). 3er Censo Nacional Agropecuario. In Ministerio de agricultura (Vol. 2). https://www.dane.gov.co/files/images/foros/foro-de-entrega-de-resultados-y-cierre-3-censo- nacional-agropecuario/CNATomo2-Resultados.pdfDANE. (2022, April 26). Pobreza monetaria Año 2021. . Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), . https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/condiciones_vida/pobreza/2021/Comunicado-pobreza-monetaria_2021.pdf#:~:text=En los centros poblados y rural disperso%2C la,en la desigualdad del ingreso de los hogares.Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de las Naciones Unidas (UNDESA). (2019). World Population Prospects .Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP). (2021). Informe Anual de Avance en la Implementación de los ODS Colombia . www.dnp.gov.coDeng, X., Li, Z., Huang, J., Shi, Q., & Li, Y. (2013). A revisit to the impacts of land use changes on the human wellbeing via altering the ecosystem provisioning services. Advances in Meteorology, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/907367Dessart, F. J., Barreiro-Hurlé, J., & Van Bavel, R. (2021). Behavioural factors affecting the adoption of sustainable farming practices: a policy-oriented review. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 46(3), 417–471. https://doi.org/10.1093/ERAE/JBZ019EAFIT. (2018). Estudio sobre Bioeconomía como Fuente de Nuevas Industrias Basadas en el Capital Natural de Colombia. No1240667. Fase I ANEXO 5. Análisis de BiodiversidadEhiakpor, D. S., Danso-Abbeam, G., & Mubashiru, Y. (2021). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ghana. Land Use Policy, 101, 105142. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2020.105142Estrategia para la Implementación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en Colombia, Pub. L. No. 3918, Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social República de Colombia 75 (2018). https://www.minambiente.gov.co/documento-normativa/conpes-3918-de-2018/Fajardo-Montaña, D. (2021). Repensar el futuro de América Latina y el Caribe. Alternativas para la transformación social-ecológica CÁTEDRA: 8|Mayo de 2021 SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA AGRICULTURA COLOMBIANAFAO. (2016). La Alimentación y la Agricultura . Claves para la Ejecución de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. In Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. https://www.fao.org/3/i5499s/i5499s.pdfFAO. (2017a). El Estado Mundial de la Agricultura y la Alimentación. Aprovechar los Sistemas para lograr una Transformación Rural Inclusiva. . www.fao.org/publicationsFAO. (2017b). El futuro de la alimentación y la agricultura. Tendencias y desafíos. https://www.fao.org/3/i6881s/i6881s.pdfFAO. (2017c). The future of food and agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdfFAO. (2019). The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture, J. Bélanger & D. Pilling (eds.).FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Assessments. Rome. 572 pp. http://www.fao.org/3/CA3129EN/CA3129EN.pdfFAO, FIDA, UNICEF, & PMA Y OMS. (2018). El estado de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición en el mundo 2018. http://www.fao.org/publications/esFAO, IFAD, WHO, WFP and UNICEF. 2020. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World. Transformation of food systems to promote affordable and healthy diets. Rome,FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692esFernandes, L. and W. (2008). Family Farm Sustainability in Southern Brazil: an Application of Agri-environmental Indicators SEE PROFILE. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.01.027Fernandez, M., Williams, J., Figueroa, G., Graddy-Lovelace, G., MacHado, M., Vazquez, L., Perez, N., Casimiro, L., Romero, G., & Funes-Aguilar, F. (2018). New opportunities, new challenges: Harnessing Cuba’s advances in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the context of changing relations with the United States. Elementa, 6(76). https://doi.org/10.1525/ELEMENTA.337/112850Foguesatto, C. R., Borges, J. A. R., & Machado, J. A. D. (2019). Farmers’ typologies regarding environmental values and climate change: Evidence from southern Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.05.275Foguesatto, C. R., Borges, J. A. R., & Machado, J. A. D. (2020). A review and some reflections on farmers’ adoption of sustainable agricultural practices worldwide. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 138831. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2020.138831Frelat, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Giller, K. E., Herrero, M., Douxchamps, S., Djurfeldt, A. A., Erenstein, O., Henderson, B., Kassie, M., Paul, B. K., Rigolot, C., Ritzema, R. S., Rodriguez, D., Van Asten, P. J. A., & Van Wijk, M. T. (2016). Drivers of household food availability in sub-Saharan Africa based on big data from small farms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(2), 458–463. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518384112Garrido-Rubiano, M. F., Martínez-Medrano, J. C., Martínez-Bautista, H., Granados-Carvajal, R. E., & Rendón-Medel, R. (2016). Pequeños productores de maíz en el Caribe colombiano: estudio de sus atributos y prácticas agrícolas. Ciencia & Tecnología Agropecuaria, 18(1), 7–23. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol18_num1_art:556Gil, J. D. B., Garrett, R., & Berger, T. (2016). Determinants of crop-livestock integration in Brazil: Evidence from the household and regional levels. Land Use Policy, 59, 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.09.022Gligo, N., Alonso, G., Barkin, D., Brailovsky, A., Brzovic, F., Carrizosa, J., Durán, H., Fernández, P., Gallopín, G., Leal, J., Marino De Botero, M., Morales, C., Monasterio, F. O., Panario, D., Pengue, W., Becerra, M. R., Rofman, A., Saa, R., Sejenovich, H., … Sostenible, D. (2020). La tragedia ambiental de América Latina y el Caribe (S. C. E. para A. L. ye el C. Libros de la CEPAL (LC/PUB.2020/11-P) (ed.)). https://www.foronacionalambiental.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/La-tragedia-ambiental-de-ALC-WEB-1.pdfGobernación de Sucre. (2020a). Plan de Desarrollo Sucre Diferente 2020 -2023. Gobernación de Sucre. http://www.sucre.gov.co/planes/plan-de-desarrollo-departamental-sucre-diferente-sinGobernación de Sucre. (2020b). Plan Departamental De Extensión Agropecuaria Sucre , Una Gran Empresa Agroproductiva. 1–89.Gómez, C. J. L., Sánchez-Ayala, L., & Vargas, G. A. (2015). Armed conflict, land grabs and primitive accumulation in Colombia: micro processes, macro trends and the puzzles in between. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1080/03066150.2014.990893, 42(2), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.990893Green, A., Nemecek, T., Chaudhary, A., & Mathys, A. (2020a). Assessing nutritional, health, and environmental sustainability dimensions of agri-food production. Global Food Security, 26(June), 100406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100406Green, A., Nemecek, T., Chaudhary, A., & Mathys, A. (2020b). Assessing nutritional, health, and environmental sustainability dimensions of agri-food production. In Global Food Security (Vol. 26, p. 100406). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100406Guarín, S., Tovar, P., & Amaya, A. M. (2018). Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque Territorial: cambiar el rumbo para evitar el naufragio. 37. www.ideaspaz.orgg//e-mail::fip@ideaspaz.orgGutiérrez García, G. A., Gutiérrez-Montes, I., Hernández Núñez, H. E., Suárez Salazar, J. C., & Casanoves, F. (2020). Relevance of local knowledge in decision-making and rural innovation: A methodological proposal for leveraging participation of Colombian cocoa producers. Journal of Rural Studies, 75(February), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.01.012Handavu, F., Chirwa, P.W.C., Syampungani, S., 2019. Socio-economic factors influencing land-use and land-cover changes in the miombo woodlands of the Copperbelt province in Zambia. For. Policy Econ. 100, 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.10.010He, H.-M., Liu, L.-N., Munir, S., Bashir, N. H., Wang, Y., Jing, Y., & Li, C.-Y. (2019). Crop diversity and pest management in sustainable agriculture. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2019(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62689-4HLPE. (2019). Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. . www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpeHumbert, G., Parr, T. B., Jeanneau, L., Dupas, R., Petitjean, P., Akkal-Corfini, N., Viaud, V., Pierson-Wickmann, A. C., Denis, M., Inamdar, S., Gruau, G., Durand, P., & Jaffrézic, A. (2019). Agricultural Practices and Hydrologic Conditions Shape the Temporal Pattern of Soil and Stream Water Dissolved Organic Matter. Ecosystems 2019 23:7, 23(7), 1325–1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10021-019-00471-WIbáñez A. M., & Velásquez M. (2018). Desarrollo rural: recomendaciones para el nuevo gobierno 2018-2022 (No. 55). http://egob.uniandes.edu.coIDEAM, (2016). Datos sistema de información nacional ambiental Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia. . http://dhime.ideam.gov.co/atencionciudadano/IPCC. (2019). Climate Change and Land An IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2020/02/SPM_Updated-Jan20.pdfIslam, S. M. F., Karim, Z., Islam, S. M. F., & Karim, Z. (2019). Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices and Enterprise Development for Coping with Global Climate Change. Sustainable Management Practices. https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.87000Jagoret, P., Snoeck, D., Bouambi, E., Ngnogue, H. T., Nyassé, S., & Saj, S. (2017). Rehabilitation practices that shape cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Cameroon: key management strategies for long-term exploitation. Agroforestry Systems 2017 92:5, 92(5), 1185–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10457-016-0055-4Jara-Rojas, R., Bravo-Ureta, B. E., & Díaz, J. (2012). Adoption of water conservation practices: A socioeconomic analysis of small-scale farmers in Central Chile. Agricultural Systems, 110, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2012.03.008Jean-Francois, L. C., Eric, S., Muriel, B., Sandrine Freguin, G., Jacques, M., Paulo, N., Maria Mercedes, P., & Luis, V. (2020). Public policy support for agroecology in Latin America: Lessons and perspectives1. Global Journal of Ecology, 129–138. https://doi.org/10.17352/GJE.000032Kassie, M., Jaleta, M., Shiferaw, B., Mmbando, F., & Mekuria, M. (2013). Adoption of interrelated sustainable agricultural practices in smallholder systems: Evidence from rural Tanzania. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(3), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2012.08.007Keller, C., Guntzer, F., Barboni, D., Labreuche, J., & Meunier, J. D. (2012). Impact of agriculture on the Si biogeochemical cycle: Input from phytolith studies. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 344(11–12), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRTE.2012.10.004Laurett, R., Paço, A., & Mainardes, E. W. (2021). Sustainable Development in Agriculture and its Antecedents, Barriers and Consequences – An Exploratory Study. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.10.032Leslie R. Holdridge H. (1978). Ecología basada en zonas de vida https://repositorio.iica.int/bitstream/handle/11324/7936/BVE19040225e.pdf?sequenceMaass Wolfenson Karla D. (2013). Coping With the Food and Agriculture Challenge: Smallholders’ Agenda . In Natural Resources Management and Environment Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Ed.), Preparations and outcomes of the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) (p. 47). https://www.fao.org/3/ar363e/ar363e.pdfMADR, Gobernación del Sucre, CRCI-Sucre, AGROSAVIA. (2022). Actualización del Plan Estratégico de Ciencia, Tecnología, e Innovación del sector Agropecuario PECTIA 2017 - 2027 : Departamento de Sucre 2022. Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12324/37781Matiu, M., Ankerst, D. P., & Menzel, A. (2017). Interactions between temperature and drought in global and regional crop yield variability during 1961-2014. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 12, Issue 5). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178339Mazhar, R., Ghafoor, A., Xuehao, B., & Wei, Z. (2021). Fostering sustainable agriculture: Do institutional factors impact the adoption of multiple climate-smart agricultural practices among new entry organic farmers in Pakistan? Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 124620. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.124620Mazvimavi, K., & Twomlow, S. (2009). Socioeconomic and institutional factors influencing adoption of conservation farming by vulnerable households in Zimbabwe. Agricultural Systems, 101(1–2), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.02.002Menalled, F., Bass, T., Buschena, D., Cash, D., Malone, M., Maxwell, B., ... & Weaver, D. (2008). An introduction to the principles and practices of sustainable farming. Montana State University, 1-4. Minagricultura. (2019). Política Agropecuaria y de Desarrollo Rural, Insumos Agropecuarios . https://sioc.minagricultura.gov.co/Documentos/5. LINEAMIENTOS DE LA POLÍTICA DE INSUMOS AGROPECURIOS.pdfMinagricultura. (2020). El Sector Agropecuario Creció e Impulsó la Economía Colombiana . https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/El-sector-agropecuario-creció-6,8-e-impulsó-la-economía-colombiana-en-el-primer-trimestre-de-2020-.aspxMinagricultura. (2021, August 17). El sector agropecuario creció 3,8% en el PIB del segundo trimestre de 2021. https://www.minagricultura.gov.co/noticias/Paginas/El-sector-agropecuario-creció-3,8-en-el-PIB-del-segundo-trimestre-de-2021.aspxMogaka, B. O., Bett, H. K., & Ng’ang’a, S. K. (2021). Socioeconomic factors influencing the choice of climate-smart soil practices among farmers in western Kenya. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 5, 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAFR.2021.100168Morales, W. B. (2019). Análisis contextual de los posibles efectos en la deforestación de Cartagena del Chairá, Caquetá, luego del acuerdo de paz firmado con las Farc-EP a partir de. https://repository.udistrital.edu.co/handle/11349/7627Muchane, M. N., Sileshi, G. W., Gripenberg, S., Jonsson, M., Pumariño, L., & Barrios, E. (2020). Agroforestry boosts soil health in the humid and sub-humid tropics: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 295, 106899. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGEE.2020.106899Mucheru-muna, M., Mucheru-muna, M., Mucheru-muna, M., Achieng, M., Mugwe, J., Mugi-ngenga, E., Mairura, F., Zingore, S., Mutegi, J.K., County, E., Ahmat, F., Ndumurumyi, A., 2021. Heliyon Socio-economic predictors, soil fertility knowledge domains and strategies for sustainable maize intensification in Embu County, Kenya. Heliyon 7, e06345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06345Naciones Unidas. (2018). La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible Una oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/40155/24/S1801141_es.pdfNkomoki, W., Bavorová, M., & Banout, J. (2018). Adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and food security threats: Effects of land tenure in Zambia. Land Use Policy, 78, 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LANDUSEPOL.2018.07.021OCDE-FAO. (2021). OCDE-FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2021-2030. Publishing, Paris, , 362. https://doi.org/10.1787/47a9fa44-esOlomola, A. (2013). Policy options for agricultural investments and gover_nance of markets: In support of small‐scale agriculture in Nigeria. Oxfam Research Report., 39. https://oi-files-d8-prod.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/file_attachments/rr-tipping-balance-nigeria-220813-en_0.pdfONU. (2021). La pandemia del COVID-19 acelera la desigualdad y frena el desarrollo sostenible . Noticias ONU. Mirada Global Historias Humanas . https://news.un.org/es/story/2021/03/1490032Oyetunde-Usman, Z., Olagunju, K. O., & Ogunpaimo, O. R. (2021b). Determinants of adoption of multiple sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 9(2), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.10.007Page, K. L., Dang, Y. P., & Dalal, R. C. (2020). The Ability of Conservation Agriculture to Conserve Soil Organic Carbon and the Subsequent Impact on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties and Yield. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4, 31. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2020.00031/BIBTEXPeña, K., Rodríguez, J. C., Olivera, D., Fuentes, P. F., Melendrez, J. F., Peña, K., Rodríguez, J. C., Olivera, D., Fuentes, P. F., & Melendrez, J. F. (2016). Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles que incrementan los rendimientos de diferentes cultivos en Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Agronomía Costarricense, 40(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.15517/RAC.V40I2.27391Perfetti, J. J., Balcázar, Á., Hernández, A., & Leibovich, J. (2013). Políticas para el desarrollo de la agricultura en Colombia. www.bancoagrario.gov.coPham, H. G., Chuah, S. H., & Feeny, S. (2021). Factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices: Findings from panel data for Vietnam. Ecological Economics, 184, 107000. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2021.107000PNUD. (2018). Agenda 2030 Transformando Colombia. Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas. https://www.undp.org/es/colombia/publications/agenda-2030-transformando-colombiaPNUD. (2019). La gran transformación. Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible . https://www1.undp.org/content/undp/es/home/sustainable-development-goals.htmlPortafolio. (2020). El panorama de la agricultura en Colombia en su día Internacional . https://www.portafolio.co/economia/el-panorama-de-la-agricultura-en-colombia-en-su-dia-internacional-de-la-agricultura-544437Porter, J.R., Xie, L., Challinor, A.J., Cochrane, K., Howden, S.M., Iqbal, M.M., Lobell, D.B. & Travasso. M.I. (2014). Food security and food production systems. In IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp. 485–533. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, CambridgeUniversity Press.Quimbayo Ruiz, G. A., Kotilainen, J., & Salo, M. (2020). Reterritorialization practices and strategies of campesinos in the urban frontier of Bogotá, Colombia. Land Use Policy, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105058R Development Core Team, 2013. A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 3.0.1. R Foundation for Statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002Ranjan Dash, S., Dev Mukhopadhyay, S., Jit Mishra, P., Kumar Swain, S., & Vigyan Kendra, K. (2022). Identifying and Understanding Factors Influencing the Knowledge Level of Farmers in Watershed Development Programme Using Principal Components Analysis. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 893–908. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJAEES/2022/V40I1031157Reddy, B. S. (2010). Organic Farming: Status, Issues and Prospects-A Review . In Agricultural Economics Research Review (Vol. 23). https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/97015/Restrepo Ibiza, J. (2021). Hacia la Transformación del Agro en Colombia . In Frieddrich Ebert Stiftung (Ed.), Apuntes de la Catedra: Repensar el futuro de América Latina y el Caribe. Alternativas para la transformación social-ecológica (pp. 1–13).Rigolot, C., & Quantin, M. (2022). Biodynamic farming as a resource for sustainability transformations: Potential and challenges. Agricultural Systems, 200, 103424. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGSY.2022.103424Robert, M., Thomas, A., Sekhar, M., Badiger, S., Ruiz, L., Willaume, M., Leenhardt, D., & Bergez, J. E. (2017). Farm Typology in the Berambadi Watershed (India): Farming Systems Are Determined by Farm Size and Access to Groundwater. Water 2017, Vol. 9, Page 51, 9(1),51. https://doi.org/10.3390/W9010051Santacoloma-Varón, L. E. (2015). Importancia de la economía campesina en los contextos contemporáneos: una mirada al caso colombiano. Entramado, 11(2), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.18041/entramado.2015v11n2.22210Sarkodie, S. A. (2018). The invisible hand and EKC hypothesis: what are the drivers of environmental degradation and pollution in Africa? Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018 25:22, 25(22), 21993–22022. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11356-018-2347-XSchulte, L. A., Dale, B. E., Bozzetto, S., Liebman, M., Souza, G. M., Haddad, N., Richard, T. L., Basso, B., Brown, R. C., Hilbert, J. A., & Arbuckle, J. G. (2021). Meeting global challenges with regenerative agriculture producing food and energy. Nature Sustainability 2021 5:5, 5(5), 384–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41893-021-00827-YShayaa Al-Shayaa, M., Al-Wabel, M., Herab, A. H., Sallam, A., Barjees Baig, M., & Usman, A. R. A. (2021). Environmental issues in relation to agricultural practices and attitudes of farmers: A case study from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 1080–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SJBS.2020.11.026Sihem, E. (2019). Economic and socio-cultural determinants of agricultural insurance demand across countries. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2017.04.004Srinivasa Rao, C., Kareemulla, K., Krishnan, P., Murthy, G. R. K., Ramesh, P., Ananthan, P. S., & Joshi, P. K. (2019). Agro-ecosystem based sustainability indicators for climate resilient agriculture in India: A conceptual framework. Ecological Indicators, 105, 621–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.06.038Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockström, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., Biggs, R.,Carpenter, S. R., De Vries, W., De Wit, C. A., Folke, C., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Mace, G. M., Persson, L. M., Ramanathan, V., Reyers, B., & Sörlin, S. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet. Science, 347(6223). https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.1259855/SUPPL_FILE/STEFFEN-SM.PDFTanumihardjo, S.A., McCulley, L., Roh, R., Lopez-Ridaura, S., Palacios-Rojas, N., Gunaratna, N.S., 2020. Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals. Glob. Food Sec. 25, 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100327Tatis Diaz, R., Pinto Osorio, D., Medina Hernández, E., Moreno Pallares, M., Canales, F. A., Corrales Paternina, A., & Echeverría-González, A. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants that influence the agricultural practices of small farm families in northern Colombia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSSAS.2021.12.001Teklewold, H., Kassie, M., & Shiferaw, B. (2013). Adoption of multiple sustainable agricultural practices in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 64(3), 597–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12011Terlau, W., Hirsch, D., & Blanke, M. (2019). Smallholder farmers as a backbone for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Development, 27(3), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1907Tzouramani, I., Mantziaris, S., & Karanikolas, P. (2020). Assessing Sustainability Performance at the Farm Level: Examples from Greek Agricultural Systems. Sustainability, 12(7), 2929. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072929UPRA. (2019). Unidad de Planeación Rural Agropecuaria. https://sites-google-com.ezproxy.cuc.edu.co/a/upra.gov.co/presentaciones-upra/departamentalVan der Ploeg, J. D., Barjolle, D., Bruil, J., Brunori, G., Costa Madureira, L. M., Dessein, J., Drąg, Z., Fink-Kessler, A., Gasselin, P., Gonzalez de Molina, M., Gorlach, K., Jürgens, K., Kinsella, J., Kirwan, J., Knickel, K., Lucas, V., Marsden, T., Maye, D., Migliorini, P., … Wezel, A. (2019). The economic potential of agroecology: Empirical evidence from Europe. Journal of Rural Studies, 71(September), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.09.003Villanueva-Mejía, D. F., & Villanueva-Mejía, D. F. (2018). Modern Biotechnology for Agricultural Development in Colombia. Ingeniería y Ciencia, 14(28), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.17230/INGCIENCIA.14.28.7Viteri-Salazar, O., Toledo, L., 2020. The expansion of the agricultural frontier in the northern Amazon region of Ecuador, 2000–2011: Process, causes, and impact. Land use policy 99, 104986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104986Ward, P. S., Bell, A. R., Droppelmann, K., & Benton, T. G. (2017). Early adoption of conservation agriculture practices: Understanding partial compliance in programs with multiple adoption decisions ☆ A R T I C L E I N F O. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.001Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T., Tilman, D., DeClerck, F., Wood, A., Jonell, M., Clark, M., Gordon, L. J., Fanzo, J., Hawkes, C., Zurayk, R., Rivera, J. A., De Vries, W., Majele Sibanda, L., … Murray, C. J. L. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet (London, England), 393(10170), 447–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4Xavier, A., Costa Freitas, M. de B., Fragoso, R., & Rosário, M. do S. (2022). Analysing the Recent Dynamics of Agricultural Sustainability in Portugal Using a Compromise Programming Approach. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 12512, 14(19), 12512. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU141912512Yahaya I. (2015). Essays On Sustainable Agricultural Intensification Practices: The Case Of Two West African States. In Tesis Doctoral (p. 158). file:///C:/Users/USUARIO/Desktop/Tesis compañeras/SAP.pdfYue, K., Fornara, D. A., Heděnec, P., Wu, Q., Peng, Y., Peng, X., Ni, X., Wu, F., & Peñuelas, J. (2023). No tillage decreases GHG emissions with no crop yield tradeoff at the global scale. Soil and Tillage Research, 228, 105643. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.STILL.2023.105643Zeweld, W., Huylenbroeck, G. Van, Tesfay, G., & Speelman, S. (2016). Smallholder farmers’ behavioural intentions towards sustainable agricultural practices. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.11.014Zeweld, W., Van Huylenbroeck, G., Tesfay, G., & Speelman, S. (2017). Smallholder farmers’ behavioural intentions towards sustainable agricultural practices. Journal of Environmental Management, 187, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.11.014Zhou, L., Huang, X., Zhao, C., Pu, T., & Zhang, L. (2022). Regional landscape transformation and sustainability of the rural homegarden agroforestry system in the Chengdu Plain, China. Regional Sustainability, 3(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REGSUS.2022.04.001Zugravu-Soilita, N., Kafrouni, R., Bouard, S., & Apithy, L. (2021). Do cultural capital and social capital matter for economic performance? An empirical investigation of tribal agriculture in New Caledonia. Ecological Economics, 182(December 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106933Sustainable agricultural practicesSocioeconomic determinantsAgricultural servicesSustainable agricultureSDG 2Small farmersDepartment of Sucre.Prácticas agrícolas sosteniblesDeterminantes socioeconómicosServicios agrícolasAgricultura sosteniblePequeños agricultoresDepartamento de sucrePublicationORIGINALTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdfTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdfTesisapplication/pdf2381142https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/46909220-40c0-44df-b334-05b9cb219fb9/downloadd91cbbb6691bb630c874838bbe3cb98fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/20e03001-a5f1-43af-82d7-e3a807b4a43f/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdf.txtTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain178752https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d20d6b12-e5f4-449c-9360-aadc7d44e80d/download2a0cb892d98cd994983a534cf021e959MD53THUMBNAILTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdf.jpgTESIS Ricardo Tatis-1102842144 - lV COERTE MIDES (1).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7796https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7b05bc9d-e306-4c94-af51-0a504719f93d/download5744cf0226283a53ad6f4448619bc2d2MD5411323/10166oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/101662024-09-17 14:23:59.006https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |