Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín

In this work was discussed the sensibility of the Subjective Values of the Transit Time (SVTT) versus the preferences undertaken by users, this work was made with Discreet Election Models, making polls which could get the heterogeneity of the preferences of the users whom go by the evaluated way, ta...

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Autores:
Cabas Torres, Eneida Paulina
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
spa
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Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/4661
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Valor subjetivo del tiempo
Modelos de elección discreta
Encuestas
Tipos de ejes
Subjective values of the transit time (SVTT)
Discreet election models
Polls
Number of axles
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/4661
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
title Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
spellingShingle Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
Valor subjetivo del tiempo
Modelos de elección discreta
Encuestas
Tipos de ejes
Subjective values of the transit time (SVTT)
Discreet election models
Polls
Number of axles
title_short Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
title_full Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
title_fullStr Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
title_full_unstemmed Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
title_sort Disposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en Medellín
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Cabas Torres, Eneida Paulina
dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv Serrano, Iván
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Cabas Torres, Eneida Paulina
dc.contributor.coasesor.spa.fl_str_mv Castañeda, Abraham
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Valor subjetivo del tiempo
Modelos de elección discreta
Encuestas
Tipos de ejes
Subjective values of the transit time (SVTT)
Discreet election models
Polls
Number of axles
topic Valor subjetivo del tiempo
Modelos de elección discreta
Encuestas
Tipos de ejes
Subjective values of the transit time (SVTT)
Discreet election models
Polls
Number of axles
description In this work was discussed the sensibility of the Subjective Values of the Transit Time (SVTT) versus the preferences undertaken by users, this work was made with Discreet Election Models, making polls which could get the heterogeneity of the preferences of the users whom go by the evaluated way, taking into account the number of axles and the target of the ways of transportation as random parameters. The outcomes shows that an amount of the variation of the SVTT is explained by the types of transportation, in this case by the private cars or single and multi-trailers in accordance with theirs axles, meanwhile the remaining is random; The empirical proof argue that the SVTT goes to be undervalued when the preferences are laid down uniformity. However, this outcome is not always the same based in the argumentation of the theoretical models and empirical evidence known.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2017
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-05-21T19:44:22Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-05-21T19:44:22Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/4661
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identifier_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ben-Akiva, M., & Lerman, S. (1985). Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand. Cambridge. Mass.: The MIT Press. Bergkvist, E. (2001). The value of time and forecasting of flows in freight transportation. European Regional Science Association, http://ideas. repec. org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa01p271. html. Börjesson, M., & Eliasson, J. (2014). Experiences from the Swedish Value of Time study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 59, 144-158. Cameron, T. A., & James, M. D. (1987). Efficient estimation methods for" closed-ended" contingent valuation surveys. The review of economics and statistics, 269-276. García-Menéndez, L., & Feo-Valero, M. (2009). European Common Transport Policy and Short-Sea Shipping: Empirical Evidence Based on Modal Choice Models. Transport reviews, 29(2), 239-259. De Jong, G. (2000). Value of freight travel-time savings. Handbook of transport modelling, 1, 553-564. De Jong, G., Kouwenhoven, M., Bates, J., Koster, P., Verhoef, E., Tavasszy, L., & Warffemius, P. (2014). New SP-values of time and reliability for freight transport in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 64, 71- 87. Dullaert, W., & Zamparini, L. (2013). The impact of lead time reliability in freight transport: A logistics assessment of transport economics findings.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 49(1), 190-200. Feo-Valero, M., García-Menéndez, L., & Garrido-Hidalgo, R. (2011). Valuing freight transport time using transport demand modelling: a bibliographical review. Transport Reviews, 31(5), 625-651. Fosgerau, M., Hjorth, K. and Lyk-Jensen, S.V. (2007b). The Danish Value of Time Study: Results for Experiment 1. Report for the Ministry of Transport, Danish Transport Research Institute. Gaudry, M. J. I. y M. J. Wills (1978) Estimating the functional form of travel demand models. Transportation Research 12, 257-289. Gerson Javier Pérez V. (2005). La infraestructura del transporte vial y la movilización de carga en Colombia. Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER) del Banco de la República, Cartagena, ISSN 1692 – 3715. Graham, D.J. & Glaister, S. 2004, "Road traffic demand elasticity estimates: A review", Transport Reviews, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 261-274. Jara Díaz, S. (2007). Transport Economic Theory. Elsevier. Kawamura, K. (1999). Commercial vehicle value of time and perceived benefit of congestion pricing. University of California Transportation Center. Kawamura, K. (2000). Perceived value of time for truck operators.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1725), 31-36. Kawamura, K. (2003). Perceived benefits of congestion pricing for trucks.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1833), 59-65. Krüger, N. A., & Vierth, I. (2015). Precautionary and operational costs of freight train delays: a case study of a Swedish grocery company. European Transport Research Review, 7(1), 1-10. Kurri, J., Sirkiä, A., & Mikola, J. (2000). Value of time in freight transport in Finland. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1725), 26-30. Mei, Q., & Horowitz, A. (2011). Incorporating Toll Pricing Policy Into A M Icrosim Ulation M Odel For Long-Distance Freight Transportation. National Center for Freight & Infrastructure Research & Education College of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison, 11(2). Mei, Q. Hussein, M. and Horowitz, A.(2013) Establishing Values of Time for Freight Trucks for Better Understanding of Impact of Toll Policies, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2344-15, pp. 135–143. McFadden, D., & Domencich, T. (1975). Urban Travel Demand: A Behavioural Analysis. Amsterdam, Holanda. Ojeda-Cabral, M., Batley, R., & Hess, S. (2015). The value of travel time: random utility versus random valuation. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, (just-accepted), 1-26. Ojeda-Cabral, M., Batley, R., & Hess, S. (2015). The value of travel time: random utility versus random valuation, Transportmetrica A: Transport Science (En revisión). Ortúzar , J. d., & Willumsen, L. G. (2006). Modelling Transport. Jhon Wiley & Son. Ortuzar, J. de D., & Willumsen, L. G. (2011). Modelling transport. John Wiley & Sons. Orro, A., Novales, M., Benítez, Francisco. (2006). “Variaciones en los gustos en modelos de elección modal” Ponencia presentada en el XIV Congreso Panamericano de Ingeniería de Tráfico y Transporte. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 20 al 23 de septiembre de 2006. Ramjerdi, F., Flügel, S., Samstad, H., and Killi, M. (2010). Value of time, safety and environment in passenger transport – Time. Report 1053B/2010, Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo. Regan, A. C., & Garrido, R. A. (2001). Modelling freight demand and shipper behaviour: state of the art, future directions. Travel Behaviour Research. Pergamon-Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Rich, J., Holmblad, P. M., & Hansen, C. O. (2009). A weighted logit freight mode-choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(6), 1006- 1019. Small, K. A. (2012). Valuation of travel time. Economics of transportation, 1(1), 2-14. Train, K. (1998). Recreation Demand Models with Taste Differences Over People. Land Economics, 74 (2) , 230 - 239. Vellay, C and de Jong, G (2003) Analyse Conjointe SP/RP du Choix du Mode de Transport de Marchandises dans la Region Nord-Pas de Calais. Walker, J. L. (2001). Extended Discrete Choice Models: Integrated Framework, Flexible Error Structures, and Latent Variables. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. PhD: 208 Wigan, M., Rockliffe, N., Thoresen, T., & Tsolakis, D. (2000). Valuing long-haul and metropolitan freight travel time and reliability. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 3(3), 83-89. Williams, H., & Senior, M. L. (1977). Model based transport policy assessment: (2) removing fundamental inconsistencies from the models. Traffic Engineering and Control, 464 - 469. Williams, H., & Ortuzar, J. d. (1982a). Behavioural theories of dispersion and the misspecification of travel demands models. Transportation research, 167 -219. Winston, C., 1981. A disaggregate model of the demand for intercity freight transportation. Econometrica 49 (4), 981–1006. Winston, C. (1983). The demand for freight transportation: models and applications. Transportation Research Part A: General, 17(6), 419-427. Wynter, L. M. (1995). Stated preference survey for calculating values of time of road freight transport in France. Transportation Research record, (1477), 1-6. Yong-Sheng, Z., En-Jian, Y., & Sha-Sha, L. (2015). A Semi-compensatory Route Choice Model Incorporating the Effects of OD Scales for Metro Passengers. En revision. Zamparini, L., & Reggiani, A. (2007). Freight Transport and the Value of Travel Time Savings: A Meta-analysis of Empirical Studies. Transport Reviews, 27(5), 621-636. Zamparini, L., Layaa, J., & Dullaert, W. (2011). Monetary values of freight transport quality attributes: A sample of Tanzanian firms. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6), 1222-1234.
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spelling Serrano, IvánCabas Torres, Eneida PaulinaCastañeda, Abraham2019-05-21T19:44:22Z2019-05-21T19:44:22Z2017https://hdl.handle.net/11323/4661Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this work was discussed the sensibility of the Subjective Values of the Transit Time (SVTT) versus the preferences undertaken by users, this work was made with Discreet Election Models, making polls which could get the heterogeneity of the preferences of the users whom go by the evaluated way, taking into account the number of axles and the target of the ways of transportation as random parameters. The outcomes shows that an amount of the variation of the SVTT is explained by the types of transportation, in this case by the private cars or single and multi-trailers in accordance with theirs axles, meanwhile the remaining is random; The empirical proof argue that the SVTT goes to be undervalued when the preferences are laid down uniformity. However, this outcome is not always the same based in the argumentation of the theoretical models and empirical evidence known.En este trabajo se analiza la sensibilidad de los valores subjetivos del tiempo de viaje (VSTV) a los supuestos adoptados sobre las preferencias de los usuarios, para ello se consideraron modelos de elección discreta, a través de la realización de encuestas que permiten captar la heterogeneidad de las preferencias de los usuarios que transitan por la vía evaluada, teniendo en cuenta el tiempo de viaje introduciendo tanto interacciones entre características observadas de los individuos, teniendo en cuenta sus tipos de ejes y atributos de los modos de transporte como parámetros aleatorios. Los resultados muestran que una parte de la variación del VSTV viene explicada por el tipo de transporte en este caso automóviles particulares o transporte de carga teniendo en cuenta su tipo de eje, mientras que la variación restante es de carácter aleatorio; La evidencia empírica sugiere, además, que los VSTV tienden a subestimarse cuando se impone homogeneidad de las preferencias. Sin embargo, de la discusión teórica de los modelos y de la evidencia empírica existente se desprende que este resultado no es general.spaUniversidad de la CostaIngeniería CivilAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Valor subjetivo del tiempoModelos de elección discretaEncuestasTipos de ejesSubjective values of the transit time (SVTT)Discreet election modelsPollsNumber of axlesDisposición a pagar por ahorros en el tiempo de viaje del transporte de carga en MedellínTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionBen-Akiva, M., & Lerman, S. (1985). Discrete choice analysis: theory and application to travel demand. Cambridge. Mass.: The MIT Press. Bergkvist, E. (2001). The value of time and forecasting of flows in freight transportation. European Regional Science Association, http://ideas. repec. org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa01p271. html. Börjesson, M., & Eliasson, J. (2014). Experiences from the Swedish Value of Time study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 59, 144-158. Cameron, T. A., & James, M. D. (1987). Efficient estimation methods for" closed-ended" contingent valuation surveys. The review of economics and statistics, 269-276. García-Menéndez, L., & Feo-Valero, M. (2009). European Common Transport Policy and Short-Sea Shipping: Empirical Evidence Based on Modal Choice Models. Transport reviews, 29(2), 239-259. De Jong, G. (2000). Value of freight travel-time savings. Handbook of transport modelling, 1, 553-564. De Jong, G., Kouwenhoven, M., Bates, J., Koster, P., Verhoef, E., Tavasszy, L., & Warffemius, P. (2014). New SP-values of time and reliability for freight transport in the Netherlands. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 64, 71- 87. Dullaert, W., & Zamparini, L. (2013). The impact of lead time reliability in freight transport: A logistics assessment of transport economics findings.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 49(1), 190-200. Feo-Valero, M., García-Menéndez, L., & Garrido-Hidalgo, R. (2011). Valuing freight transport time using transport demand modelling: a bibliographical review. Transport Reviews, 31(5), 625-651. Fosgerau, M., Hjorth, K. and Lyk-Jensen, S.V. (2007b). The Danish Value of Time Study: Results for Experiment 1. Report for the Ministry of Transport, Danish Transport Research Institute. Gaudry, M. J. I. y M. J. Wills (1978) Estimating the functional form of travel demand models. Transportation Research 12, 257-289. Gerson Javier Pérez V. (2005). La infraestructura del transporte vial y la movilización de carga en Colombia. Centro de Estudios Económicos Regionales (CEER) del Banco de la República, Cartagena, ISSN 1692 – 3715. Graham, D.J. & Glaister, S. 2004, "Road traffic demand elasticity estimates: A review", Transport Reviews, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 261-274. Jara Díaz, S. (2007). Transport Economic Theory. Elsevier. Kawamura, K. (1999). Commercial vehicle value of time and perceived benefit of congestion pricing. University of California Transportation Center. Kawamura, K. (2000). Perceived value of time for truck operators.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1725), 31-36. Kawamura, K. (2003). Perceived benefits of congestion pricing for trucks.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1833), 59-65. Krüger, N. A., & Vierth, I. (2015). Precautionary and operational costs of freight train delays: a case study of a Swedish grocery company. European Transport Research Review, 7(1), 1-10. Kurri, J., Sirkiä, A., & Mikola, J. (2000). Value of time in freight transport in Finland. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1725), 26-30. Mei, Q., & Horowitz, A. (2011). Incorporating Toll Pricing Policy Into A M Icrosim Ulation M Odel For Long-Distance Freight Transportation. National Center for Freight & Infrastructure Research & Education College of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin, Madison, 11(2). Mei, Q. Hussein, M. and Horowitz, A.(2013) Establishing Values of Time for Freight Trucks for Better Understanding of Impact of Toll Policies, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2344-15, pp. 135–143. McFadden, D., & Domencich, T. (1975). Urban Travel Demand: A Behavioural Analysis. Amsterdam, Holanda. Ojeda-Cabral, M., Batley, R., & Hess, S. (2015). The value of travel time: random utility versus random valuation. Transportmetrica A: Transport Science, (just-accepted), 1-26. Ojeda-Cabral, M., Batley, R., & Hess, S. (2015). The value of travel time: random utility versus random valuation, Transportmetrica A: Transport Science (En revisión). Ortúzar , J. d., & Willumsen, L. G. (2006). Modelling Transport. Jhon Wiley & Son. Ortuzar, J. de D., & Willumsen, L. G. (2011). Modelling transport. John Wiley & Sons. Orro, A., Novales, M., Benítez, Francisco. (2006). “Variaciones en los gustos en modelos de elección modal” Ponencia presentada en el XIV Congreso Panamericano de Ingeniería de Tráfico y Transporte. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 20 al 23 de septiembre de 2006. Ramjerdi, F., Flügel, S., Samstad, H., and Killi, M. (2010). Value of time, safety and environment in passenger transport – Time. Report 1053B/2010, Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo. Regan, A. C., & Garrido, R. A. (2001). Modelling freight demand and shipper behaviour: state of the art, future directions. Travel Behaviour Research. Pergamon-Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. Rich, J., Holmblad, P. M., & Hansen, C. O. (2009). A weighted logit freight mode-choice model. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(6), 1006- 1019. Small, K. A. (2012). Valuation of travel time. Economics of transportation, 1(1), 2-14. Train, K. (1998). Recreation Demand Models with Taste Differences Over People. Land Economics, 74 (2) , 230 - 239. Vellay, C and de Jong, G (2003) Analyse Conjointe SP/RP du Choix du Mode de Transport de Marchandises dans la Region Nord-Pas de Calais. Walker, J. L. (2001). Extended Discrete Choice Models: Integrated Framework, Flexible Error Structures, and Latent Variables. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. PhD: 208 Wigan, M., Rockliffe, N., Thoresen, T., & Tsolakis, D. (2000). Valuing long-haul and metropolitan freight travel time and reliability. Journal of Transportation and Statistics, 3(3), 83-89. Williams, H., & Senior, M. L. (1977). Model based transport policy assessment: (2) removing fundamental inconsistencies from the models. Traffic Engineering and Control, 464 - 469. Williams, H., & Ortuzar, J. d. (1982a). Behavioural theories of dispersion and the misspecification of travel demands models. Transportation research, 167 -219. Winston, C., 1981. A disaggregate model of the demand for intercity freight transportation. Econometrica 49 (4), 981–1006. Winston, C. (1983). The demand for freight transportation: models and applications. Transportation Research Part A: General, 17(6), 419-427. Wynter, L. M. (1995). Stated preference survey for calculating values of time of road freight transport in France. Transportation Research record, (1477), 1-6. Yong-Sheng, Z., En-Jian, Y., & Sha-Sha, L. (2015). A Semi-compensatory Route Choice Model Incorporating the Effects of OD Scales for Metro Passengers. En revision. Zamparini, L., & Reggiani, A. (2007). Freight Transport and the Value of Travel Time Savings: A Meta-analysis of Empirical Studies. Transport Reviews, 27(5), 621-636. Zamparini, L., Layaa, J., & Dullaert, W. (2011). Monetary values of freight transport quality attributes: A sample of Tanzanian firms. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6), 1222-1234.PublicationORIGINALDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdfDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdfapplication/pdf1379841https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/cbb05b88-bf42-49b1-8a3e-9556e7f8f6a2/download5f92cb941ea132f0690a5f916344b6b9MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-81031https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9e56a621-6cba-4b07-bd0b-abbeed8c2ac6/download934f4ca17e109e0a05eaeaba504d7ce4MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8b493ac7-7ce3-40b0-a00e-8a7f59c251c7/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdf.jpgDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg25306https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c2095c59-966b-44fc-b036-671de773dc93/download64cbce7f316afeb07a37cd310c77539aMD55TEXTDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdf.txtDISPOSICIÓN A PAGAR POR AHORROS EN EL TIEMPO DE VIAJE.pdf.txttext/plain88467https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/208a0731-c9c5-4f40-8ed6-8ecdfd57bcef/download53f5a8ac4de5930074edea9a81348e8aMD5611323/4661oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/46612024-09-17 14:16:39.656http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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