Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material

The growing demand for cement has created a significant impact on the environment. Cement production requires huge energy consumptions; however, Pakistan is currently facing a severe energy crisis. Researchers are therefore engaged with the introduction of agricultural/industrial waste materials wit...

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Autores:
Bheel, Naraindas
Abbasi, Suhail Ahmed
Awoyera, Paul
Olalusi, Oladimeji B.
Sohu, Samiullah
Rondon, Carlos
Echeverría, Ana María
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7666
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7666
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851030
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Concrete
Metakaolin
BCM
GGBFS
MK
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openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_872429e0b24b2449874efa99d6967241
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7666
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
title Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
spellingShingle Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
Concrete
Metakaolin
BCM
GGBFS
MK
title_short Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
title_full Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
title_fullStr Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
title_full_unstemmed Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
title_sort Fresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Bheel, Naraindas
Abbasi, Suhail Ahmed
Awoyera, Paul
Olalusi, Oladimeji B.
Sohu, Samiullah
Rondon, Carlos
Echeverría, Ana María
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Bheel, Naraindas
Abbasi, Suhail Ahmed
Awoyera, Paul
Olalusi, Oladimeji B.
Sohu, Samiullah
Rondon, Carlos
Echeverría, Ana María
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Concrete
Metakaolin
BCM
GGBFS
MK
topic Concrete
Metakaolin
BCM
GGBFS
MK
description The growing demand for cement has created a significant impact on the environment. Cement production requires huge energy consumptions; however, Pakistan is currently facing a severe energy crisis. Researchers are therefore engaged with the introduction of agricultural/industrial waste materials with cementitious properties to reduce not only cement production but also energy consumption, as well as helping protect the environment. +is research aims to investigate the influence of binary cementitious material (BCM) on fresh and hardened concrete mixes prepared with metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement of cement. +e replacement proportions of BCM used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement. A total of five mixes were prepared with 1 :1.5 : 3 mix proportion at 0.54 water-cement ratios. A total of 255 concrete specimens were prepared to investigate the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete after 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. It was perceived that the workability of concrete mixes decreased with an increasing percentage of MK and GGBFS. Also, the density and permeability of concrete decreased with an increasing quantity of BCM after 28 days. Conversely, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete were enhanced by 12.28%, 9.33%, and 9.93%, respectively, at 10% of BCM after 28 days. +e carbonation depth reduced with a rise in content of BCM (up to 10%) and then later improved after 28, 90, and 180 days. Moreover, the effect of chloride attack in concrete is reduced with the inclusion of BCM after 28 and 90 days. Similarly, the drying shrinkage of concrete decreased with an increase in the content of BCM after 40 days.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-07T18:34:28Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-07T18:34:28Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1687-8086
1687-8094
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7666
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851030
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1687-8086
1687-8094
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7666
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851030
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] S. Ghosal and S. Moulik, “Use of rice husk ash as partial replacement with cement in concrete- A review,” International Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 506–509, 2015.
[2] A. M. Neville and J. J. Brooks, Concrete Technology, Pearson Education Asia, Pte Ltd, Singapore, 2008.
[3] M. Alexander and S. Mindness, Aggregates in Concrete, Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK, 2005.
[4] P. V. Naidu and P. K. Pandey, “Replacement of cement in concrete,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 4, pp. 91–98, 2014.
[5] N. Bheel, K. A. Kalhoro, T. A. Memon, Z. U. Z. Lashari, M. A. Soomro, and U. A. Memon, “Use of marble powder and tile powder as cementitious materials in concrete,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5448–5451, 2020.
[6] A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., London, UK, 2000.
[7] V. Ramasamy, “Compressive strength and durability properties of rice husk ash concrete,” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 93–102, 2012.
[8] N. Bheel, M. A. Jokhio, J. A. Abbasi, H. B. Lashari, M. I. Qureshi, and A. S. Qureshi, “Rice husk ash and fly ash effects on the mechanical properties of concrete,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5402–5405, 2020.
[9] J. P. Broomfield, “Corrosion of Steel in Concrete:” Understanding, Investigation and Repair, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2nd edition, 2006.
[10] N. D. Bheela, F. A. Memonb, S. L. M. A. W. Abroa, and I. A. Shara, “Millet husk ash as environmental friendly material in cement concrete,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Mehran UET Jamshoro, vol. 1, Energy and Environment Engineering Research Group, Sindh, Pakistan, vol, 1, pp. 153–158, 2018.
[11] R. R. Hussain and T. Ishida, “Critical carbonation depth for initiation of steel corrosion in fully carbonated concrete and development of electrochemical carbonation induced corrosion model,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1178–1195, 2009.
[12] N. Kad and M. Vinod, “Review research paper on influence of rice husk ash on the properties of concrete,” International Journal of Research, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 873–877, 2015.
[13] M. Valipour, F. Pargar, M. Shekarchi, and S. Khani, “Comparing a natural pozzolan, zeolite, to metakaolin and silica fume in terms of their effect on the durability characteristics of concrete: a laboratory study,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 41, pp. 879–888, 2013.
[14] P. Duan, Z. Shui, W. Chen, and C. Shen, “Effects of metakaolin, silica fume and slag on pore structure, interfacial transition zone and compressive strength of concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 44, pp. 1–6, 2013.
[15] J. J. Brooks, M. A. Megat Johari, and M. Mazloom, “Effect of admixtures on the setting times of high-strength concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 293–301, 2000.
[16] C. S. Poon, S. C. Kou, and L. Lam, “Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 858–865, 2006.
[17] X. Jin and Z. Li, “Effects of mineral admixture on properties of young concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 435–442, 2003.
[18] M. Si-Ahmed, A. Belakrouf, and S. Kenai, “Influence of metakaolin on the performance of mortars and concretes,” in Proceedings of the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, p. 1354, Amsterdam, +e Netherlands, 2012.
[19] P. Dinakar, P. K. Sahoo, and G. Sriram, “Effect of metakaolin content on the properties of high strength concrete,” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 215–223, 2013.
[20] J. Ambroise, S. Maximilien, and J. Pera, “Properties of metakaolin blended cements,” Advanced Cement Based Materials, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 161–168, 1994.
[21] A. K. Parande, B. Ramesh Babu, M. Aswin Karthik, K. K. Deepak Kumaar, and N. Palaniswamy, “Study on strength and corrosion performance for steel embedded in metakaolin blended concrete/ mortar,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 127–134, 2008.
[22] S. Arivalagan, “Sustainable studies on concrete with GGBS as a replacement material in cement,” Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 159, no. 3147, pp. 1–8, 2014.
[23] M. Elchalakani, T. Aly, and E. Abu-Aisheh, “Sustainable concrete with high volume GGBFS to build Masdar city in the UAE,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 1, pp. 10–24, 2014.
[24] S. K. Karri, G. R. Rao, and P. M. Raju, “Strength and durability studies on GGBS concrete,” SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (SSRG-IJCE), vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 34–41, 2015.
[25] H. Y. Wang, “+e effects of elevated temperature on cement paste containing GGBFS,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 992–999, 2008.
[26] W.-T. Kuo, H.-Y. Wang, and C.-Y. Shu, “Engineering properties of cementless concrete produced from GGBFS and recycled desulfurization slag,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 63, pp. 189–196, 2014.
[27] M. Shariq, J. Prasad, and A. Masood, “Effect of GGBFS on time dependent compressive strength of concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1469–1478, 2010.
[28] M. V. Shoubi, A. S. Barough, and O. Amirsoleimani, “Assessment of the roles of various cement replacements in achieving the sustainable and high performance concrete,” International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 68, 2013.
[29] D. Suresh and K. Nagaraju, “Ground granulated blast slag (GGBS) in concrete–a review,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 76–82, 2015.
[30] R. Siddique and D. Kaur, “Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at elevated temperatures,” Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 45–51, 2012.
[31] P. W. Leung and H. D. Wong, Final Report on Durability and Strength Development of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering and Development Department, the Government of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2010.
[32] W. Ling, T. Pei, and Y. Yan, “Application of ground granulated blast furnace slag in high-performance concrete in China,” in Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology, Organized by China Building Materials Academy, PRC, Beijing, China, pp. 309–317, 2004.
[33] V. Cervantes and J. Roesler, “Ground granulated blast furnace slag,” pp. 1–4, Center of Excellence for Airport Technology, Champaign, IL, USA, 2007, Technical Note.
[34] BS EN 12350-2, Testing Fresh Concrete, Part 2: Slump-Test, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[35] BS EN 12390-3, Testing Harden Concrete. Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[36] BS EN 12390-6, Testing Hardened Concrete. Tensile Splitting Strength of Test Specimens, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[37] BS EN 12390-5, Testing Hardened concrete. Flexural Strength of Test Specimens, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[38] British Standards Institution, BS EN 12390-7:2000 Part 7: Density of Hardened Concrete, BSI, London, UK, 2000.
[39] British Standard Institution, BS EN 12390-8: Testing Hardened Concrete: Part 8: Depth of Penetration of Water under Pressure, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[40] BS ISO 1920-8, Determination of Drying Shrinkage of Concrete for Samples Prepared in the Field or in the Laboratory, BSI, London, UK, 2009.
[41] N. Bheel, A. S. Memon, I. A. Khaskheli, N. M. Talpur, S. M. Talpur, and M. A. Khanzada, “Effect of sugarcane bagasse ash and lime stone fines on the mechanical properties of concrete,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5534–5537, 2020.
[42] N. Bheel and A. Adesina, “Influence of Binary Blend of Corn Cob Ash and Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete,” Silicon, pp. 1–8, 2020.
[43] M. S. Raza, R. A. I. Kunal, D. Kumar, and A. L. I. Mutahar, “Experimental study of physical, fresh-state and strength parameters of concrete incorporating wood waste ash as a cementitious material,” Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures (JMES), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 267–276, 2020.
[44] G. J. Z. Xu, D. F. Watt, and P. P. Hudec, “Effectiveness of mineral admixtures in reducing ASR expansion,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1225–1236, 1995.
[45] A. A. Ramezanianpour, A. Pilvar, M. Mahdikhani, and F. Moodi, “Practical evaluation of relationship between concrete resistivity, water penetration, rapid chloride penetration and compressive strength,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 2472–2479, 2011.
[46] D. Dharani and V. Arivu +iravida Selvan, “Durability studies on concrete by using groundnut shell ash as mineral admixture,” International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 168–172, 2017.
[47] P. Duan, Z. Shui, W. Chen, and C. Shen, “Influence of metakaolin on pore structure-related properties and thermodynamic stability of hydrate phases of concrete in seawater environment,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 36, pp. 947–953, 2012.
[48] J. J. Brooks and M. A. Megat Johari, “Effect of metakaolin on creep and shrinkage of concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 495–502, 2001.
[49] S. Wild, J. M. Khatib, and L. J. Roose, “Chemical shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage of Portland cement-metakaolin pastes,” Advances in Cement Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 109–119, 1998.
[50] J. M. Kinuthia, S. Wild, B. B. Sabir, and J. Bai, “Self-compensating autogenous shrinkage in Portland cement-metakaolin-fly ash pastes,” Advances in Cement Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 35–43, 2000.
[51] B. Chatveera and P. Lertwattanaruk, “Durability of conventional concretes containing black rice husk ash,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 59–66, 2011.
[52] G. A. Habeeb and M. M. Fayyadh, “Rice husk ash concrete: the effect of RHA average particle size on mechanical properties and drying shrinkage,” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1616–1622, 2009.
[53] S. I. Khassaf, A. T. Jasim, and F. K. Mahdi, “Investigation the properties of concrete containing rice husk ash to reduction the seepage in canals,” International Journal of Scientific Technology Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 348–354, 2014.
[54] H. B. Mahmud, M. F. A. Malik, R. A. Kahar, M. F. M. Zain, and S. N. Raman, “Mechanical properties and durability of normal and water reduced high strength grade 60 concrete containing rice husk ash,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2009.
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dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Advances in Civil Engineering
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spelling Bheel, Naraindas42be46f8a91c563996af41ff0abd45a8Abbasi, Suhail Ahmed77843fe6b5f050f43f1ae48f3d74f597300Awoyera, Paul3f8aad724a3f0e31810e1e798763729bOlalusi, Oladimeji B.c519a616bfd7a7d72bd7839f48bbcb08Sohu, Samiullah1f88e191003f66b0b1f100b316755a16300Rondon, Carlos81acd76368edd2b88628474fe6750413Echeverría, Ana María67ad0ff031bf848bc6c10c4b0556bed72021-01-07T18:34:28Z2021-01-07T18:34:28Z20201687-80861687-8094https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7666https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851030Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The growing demand for cement has created a significant impact on the environment. Cement production requires huge energy consumptions; however, Pakistan is currently facing a severe energy crisis. Researchers are therefore engaged with the introduction of agricultural/industrial waste materials with cementitious properties to reduce not only cement production but also energy consumption, as well as helping protect the environment. +is research aims to investigate the influence of binary cementitious material (BCM) on fresh and hardened concrete mixes prepared with metakaolin (MK) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement of cement. +e replacement proportions of BCM used were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement. A total of five mixes were prepared with 1 :1.5 : 3 mix proportion at 0.54 water-cement ratios. A total of 255 concrete specimens were prepared to investigate the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete after 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. It was perceived that the workability of concrete mixes decreased with an increasing percentage of MK and GGBFS. Also, the density and permeability of concrete decreased with an increasing quantity of BCM after 28 days. Conversely, the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete were enhanced by 12.28%, 9.33%, and 9.93%, respectively, at 10% of BCM after 28 days. +e carbonation depth reduced with a rise in content of BCM (up to 10%) and then later improved after 28, 90, and 180 days. Moreover, the effect of chloride attack in concrete is reduced with the inclusion of BCM after 28 and 90 days. Similarly, the drying shrinkage of concrete decreased with an increase in the content of BCM after 40 days.application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Advances in Civil Engineeringhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/344595724_Fresh_and_Hardened_Properties_of_Concrete_Incorporating_Binary_Blend_of_Metakaolin_and_Ground_Granulated_Blast_Furnace_Slag_as_Supplementary_Cementitious_MaterialConcreteMetakaolinBCMGGBFSMKFresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious materialArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion[1] S. Ghosal and S. Moulik, “Use of rice husk ash as partial replacement with cement in concrete- A review,” International Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 506–509, 2015.[2] A. M. Neville and J. J. Brooks, Concrete Technology, Pearson Education Asia, Pte Ltd, Singapore, 2008.[3] M. Alexander and S. Mindness, Aggregates in Concrete, Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK, 2005.[4] P. V. Naidu and P. K. Pandey, “Replacement of cement in concrete,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 4, pp. 91–98, 2014.[5] N. Bheel, K. A. Kalhoro, T. A. Memon, Z. U. Z. Lashari, M. A. Soomro, and U. A. Memon, “Use of marble powder and tile powder as cementitious materials in concrete,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5448–5451, 2020.[6] A. M. Neville, Properties of Concrete, Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., London, UK, 2000.[7] V. Ramasamy, “Compressive strength and durability properties of rice husk ash concrete,” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 93–102, 2012.[8] N. Bheel, M. A. Jokhio, J. A. Abbasi, H. B. Lashari, M. I. Qureshi, and A. S. Qureshi, “Rice husk ash and fly ash effects on the mechanical properties of concrete,” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5402–5405, 2020.[9] J. P. Broomfield, “Corrosion of Steel in Concrete:” Understanding, Investigation and Repair, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2nd edition, 2006.[10] N. D. Bheela, F. A. Memonb, S. L. M. A. W. Abroa, and I. A. Shara, “Millet husk ash as environmental friendly material in cement concrete,” in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Mehran UET Jamshoro, vol. 1, Energy and Environment Engineering Research Group, Sindh, Pakistan, vol, 1, pp. 153–158, 2018.[11] R. R. Hussain and T. Ishida, “Critical carbonation depth for initiation of steel corrosion in fully carbonated concrete and development of electrochemical carbonation induced corrosion model,” International Journal of Electrochemical Science, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 1178–1195, 2009.[12] N. Kad and M. Vinod, “Review research paper on influence of rice husk ash on the properties of concrete,” International Journal of Research, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 873–877, 2015.[13] M. Valipour, F. Pargar, M. Shekarchi, and S. Khani, “Comparing a natural pozzolan, zeolite, to metakaolin and silica fume in terms of their effect on the durability characteristics of concrete: a laboratory study,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 41, pp. 879–888, 2013.[14] P. Duan, Z. Shui, W. Chen, and C. Shen, “Effects of metakaolin, silica fume and slag on pore structure, interfacial transition zone and compressive strength of concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 44, pp. 1–6, 2013.[15] J. J. Brooks, M. A. Megat Johari, and M. Mazloom, “Effect of admixtures on the setting times of high-strength concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 293–301, 2000.[16] C. S. Poon, S. C. Kou, and L. Lam, “Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 858–865, 2006.[17] X. Jin and Z. Li, “Effects of mineral admixture on properties of young concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 435–442, 2003.[18] M. Si-Ahmed, A. Belakrouf, and S. Kenai, “Influence of metakaolin on the performance of mortars and concretes,” in Proceedings of the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, p. 1354, Amsterdam, +e Netherlands, 2012.[19] P. Dinakar, P. K. Sahoo, and G. 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Raman, “Mechanical properties and durability of normal and water reduced high strength grade 60 concrete containing rice husk ash,” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2009.ORIGINALFresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material.pdfFresh and hardened properties of concrete incorporating binary blend of metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag as supplementary cementitious material.pdfapplication/pdf1795858https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/7666/1/Fresh%20and%20hardened%20properties%20of%20concrete%20incorporating%20binary%20blend%20of%20metakaolin%20and%20ground%20granulated%20blast%20furnace%20slag%20as%20supplementary%20cementitious%20material.pdf3716eca38be784319b678ddcdd6bd128MD51open accessCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/7666/2/license_rdf42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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