Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia
The implementation of groynes or hard structural techniques as a plan to stabilize the coastline against the erosion effects has been a frequent action used to mitigate this problem on the Colombian Caribbean’s coasts. On the beach of Sabanilla, Department of Atlántico, an analysis was carried out u...
- Autores:
-
Garcia Laiton, Liliana
Portz, Luana
Manzolli, Rogeiro Portantiolo
Cantero Robledo, Rubén D.
Suarez, Andrés
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13631
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13631
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Coastal erosion
Environmental quality
Groynes
Coastal protection
Erosión costera
Calidad ambiental
Espolones
Protección costera
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| dc.title.translated.none.fl_str_mv |
Environmental quality assessment in beaches intervened with spurs: Sabanilla beach, Colombia |
| title |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia Coastal erosion Environmental quality Groynes Coastal protection Erosión costera Calidad ambiental Espolones Protección costera |
| title_short |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| title_full |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| title_sort |
Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Garcia Laiton, Liliana Portz, Luana Manzolli, Rogeiro Portantiolo Cantero Robledo, Rubén D. Suarez, Andrés |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Garcia Laiton, Liliana Portz, Luana Manzolli, Rogeiro Portantiolo Cantero Robledo, Rubén D. Suarez, Andrés |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Coastal erosion Environmental quality Groynes Coastal protection |
| topic |
Coastal erosion Environmental quality Groynes Coastal protection Erosión costera Calidad ambiental Espolones Protección costera |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Erosión costera Calidad ambiental Espolones Protección costera |
| description |
The implementation of groynes or hard structural techniques as a plan to stabilize the coastline against the erosion effects has been a frequent action used to mitigate this problem on the Colombian Caribbean’s coasts. On the beach of Sabanilla, Department of Atlántico, an analysis was carried out using satellite images between the years of 2004 and 2017 to determine the evolution of the coastline. The results were based on the observation of temporary changes associated with the installation of groynes in the years 2007 and 2015. In addition, an evaluation of the environmental quality of the beach was carried out, considering the characteristics of the environment before and after the installation of the groynes. The analyzes in the water highlighted improvements in physicochemical parameters such as the color that went from 40 and 80 UPC to values of 5, 10 and 20 UPC, the turbidity of 58,7 NTU was reduced to values between 3,2 to 17,4 NTU. The total and fecal coliforms in water were within the range of the Colombian standard’s quality criteria, while the fecal coliforms in the sand of the beach exceeded the maximum permissible value, <100NMP/10g stipulated in the Colombian Sectorial Technical Standard NTS-TS 001 - 2. The tourism load and the solid waste increased notoriously after the intervention of the beach. The erosion effects on Sabanilla beach can be mitigated, but the stabilization of the beach has brought more visitors and has propitiated aesthetic and health effects, being necessary to adopt preventive actions that integrate the entire ecosystem for its conservation. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-05T12:34:17Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-05T12:34:17Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-07 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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16468872 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13631 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.5894/rgci-n517 |
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1646-8872 |
| dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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16468872 10.5894/rgci-n517 1646-8872 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13631 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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spa |
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spa |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
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© 2023 APRH. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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Sabanilla |
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Colombia |
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APRH (Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos) |
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Portugal |
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APRH (Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos) |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2023 APRH.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Garcia Laiton, LilianaPortz, LuanaManzolli, Rogeiro PortantioloCantero Robledo, Rubén D.Suarez, AndrésSabanillaColombia2024-11-05T12:34:17Z2024-11-05T12:34:17Z2024-02-0716468872https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1363110.5894/rgci-n5171646-8872Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The implementation of groynes or hard structural techniques as a plan to stabilize the coastline against the erosion effects has been a frequent action used to mitigate this problem on the Colombian Caribbean’s coasts. On the beach of Sabanilla, Department of Atlántico, an analysis was carried out using satellite images between the years of 2004 and 2017 to determine the evolution of the coastline. The results were based on the observation of temporary changes associated with the installation of groynes in the years 2007 and 2015. In addition, an evaluation of the environmental quality of the beach was carried out, considering the characteristics of the environment before and after the installation of the groynes. The analyzes in the water highlighted improvements in physicochemical parameters such as the color that went from 40 and 80 UPC to values of 5, 10 and 20 UPC, the turbidity of 58,7 NTU was reduced to values between 3,2 to 17,4 NTU. The total and fecal coliforms in water were within the range of the Colombian standard’s quality criteria, while the fecal coliforms in the sand of the beach exceeded the maximum permissible value, <100NMP/10g stipulated in the Colombian Sectorial Technical Standard NTS-TS 001 - 2. The tourism load and the solid waste increased notoriously after the intervention of the beach. The erosion effects on Sabanilla beach can be mitigated, but the stabilization of the beach has brought more visitors and has propitiated aesthetic and health effects, being necessary to adopt preventive actions that integrate the entire ecosystem for its conservation.La implementación de espolones o técnicas estructurales duras como plan de estabilización de la línea costera ante efectos de erosión, ha sido la medida frecuente para mitigar esta problemática en las costas del Caribe Norte Colombiano. En la playa de Sabanilla, Departamento del Atlántico, se llevó a cabo un análisis utilizando imágenes satelitales entre los años de 2004 a 2017 para determinar la evolución de la línea costera. Los resultados se basaron en la observación de cambios temporales asociados con la instalación de espolones en los años 2007 y 2015. Además, se realizó una evaluación de la calidad ambiental de la playa, considerando las características del entorno antes y después de la instalación del espolón. Los análisis en el agua se destacó mejoras en parámetros fisicoquímicos como el color que paso de 40 y 80 UPC a valores de 5, 10 y 20 UPC, la turbiedad de 58,7 NTU se redujo a valores entre los 3,2 a 17,4 NTU. Los coliformes totales y fecales en agua cumplieron con el criterio de calidad de la norma colombiana, mientras que los coliformes fecales en la arena de la playa incumplen el valor máximo permisible <100 NMP/10g. La carga turística y los residuos sólidos incrementaron notoriamente después de la intervención de la playa. Los espolones en la playa de Sabanilla tienen efectos positivos y negativos en la calidad del agua de la playa. Por un lado, capturan eficientemente sedimentos, redujo la turbidez y da la apariencia de agua más clara y limpia cerca de los espigones. Sin embargo, también pueden alterar los patrones de flujo de agua y favorecer la acumulación de residuos sólidos, lo que puede tener impactos negativos en la calidad del agua. Los efectos de la erosión en la playa de Sabanilla se pueden mitigar, pero la estabilización de la playa ha traído más visitantes y consigo ha propiciado afectaciones estéticas y sanitarias, siendo necesario adoptar medidas preventivas que integren todo el ecosistema para su conservación.16 páginasapplication/pdfspaAPRH (Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos)Portugalhttps://www.aprh.pt/rgci/rgci-n517.htmlEvaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, ColombiaEnvironmental quality assessment in beaches intervened with spurs: Sabanilla beach, ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone ManagementAlcaldia de Puerto Colombia, U. del N., and Instituto de Estudios Hidráulicos y Ambientales – IDEHA. (2009). 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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