Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia
In 2009, a network of scholars identified the legal framework associated with coastal management in eleven Latin American countries. They found an important lag in several countries, including Colombia. According to many scholars, a clear regulatory framework is of the utmost importance for integrat...
- Autores:
-
Botero, Camilo M.
Milanes, Celene B
Cuker, Benjamin
Anfuso, Giorgio
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10864
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10864
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
- Palabra clave:
- Coastal management
Colombia
Latin America
Legislative procedure
The congress
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| title |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia Coastal management Colombia Latin America Legislative procedure The congress |
| title_short |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| title_full |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| title_sort |
Latin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Botero, Camilo M. Milanes, Celene B Cuker, Benjamin Anfuso, Giorgio |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Botero, Camilo M. Milanes, Celene B Cuker, Benjamin Anfuso, Giorgio |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Coastal management Colombia Latin America Legislative procedure The congress |
| topic |
Coastal management Colombia Latin America Legislative procedure The congress |
| description |
In 2009, a network of scholars identified the legal framework associated with coastal management in eleven Latin American countries. They found an important lag in several countries, including Colombia. According to many scholars, a clear regulatory framework is of the utmost importance for integrated coastal management; however, the hurdles to reaching this goal have been poorly analyzed. This article aims to illustrate the challenges and barriers to legislate on coastal and marine issues in Colombia. The methodology and analysis used in this study can serve as an example to other Latin American countries. We combined comparative, documentary, and analytical research techniques to describe the current Latin American state-of-the-art legal framework. Additionally, from 16,224 gazettes (official records of the Congress of Colombia) we identified 80 bills concerning coastal and marine activities for a period of 17 years. However, only 2.1% of those bills addressed marine or coastal issues from the perspective of planning and management procedures. Instead the majority focused on social uses and economic activities. This research identified the difficulties that could be faced by a country in regulating its coast from an integrated perspective. These findings could support future procedures to approve coastal laws in Latin America and other countries on the world. |
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2022 |
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2022-04-25 |
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2024-03-18T15:08:34Z |
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2024-03-18T15:08:34Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Botero, C.M.; Milanes, C.B.; Cuker, B.; Anfuso, G. Latin America and the Search for a Coastal Law: Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095168 |
| dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2071-1050 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10864 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/su14095168 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co |
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Botero, C.M.; Milanes, C.B.; Cuker, B.; Anfuso, G. Latin America and the Search for a Coastal Law: Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095168 2071-1050 10.3390/su14095168 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10864 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
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Sustainability (Switzerland) |
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Revising the limits of the coastal area in the regulations of the iberoamerican region. Are they appropriate for risk management and adaptation to climate change? Ocean Coast. Manag. (Artic. Press) 2019, 181, 104912. [CrossRef] 73. Batista Milanes, C. Coastal flood hazard mapping. In Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, 2nd ed.; Finkl, C.W., Makowski, C., Eds.; Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2018; Volume 181, pp. 471–479. [CrossRef] 74. Gaceta Oficial N◦ 3.734; Ley de Zonas Costeras: Caracas, Venezuela, 2001; p. 13. 75. Certificación No. 005-690-CDZC-2011. La Gaceta No. 83, 9 May 2011; 17. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Botero, Camilo M.Milanes, Celene BCuker, BenjaminAnfuso, Giorgio2024-03-18T15:08:34Z2024-03-18T15:08:34Z2022-04-25Botero, C.M.; Milanes, C.B.; Cuker, B.; Anfuso, G. Latin America and the Search for a Coastal Law: Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su140951682071-1050https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1086410.3390/su14095168Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coIn 2009, a network of scholars identified the legal framework associated with coastal management in eleven Latin American countries. They found an important lag in several countries, including Colombia. According to many scholars, a clear regulatory framework is of the utmost importance for integrated coastal management; however, the hurdles to reaching this goal have been poorly analyzed. This article aims to illustrate the challenges and barriers to legislate on coastal and marine issues in Colombia. The methodology and analysis used in this study can serve as an example to other Latin American countries. We combined comparative, documentary, and analytical research techniques to describe the current Latin American state-of-the-art legal framework. Additionally, from 16,224 gazettes (official records of the Congress of Colombia) we identified 80 bills concerning coastal and marine activities for a period of 17 years. However, only 2.1% of those bills addressed marine or coastal issues from the perspective of planning and management procedures. Instead the majority focused on social uses and economic activities. This research identified the difficulties that could be faced by a country in regulating its coast from an integrated perspective. These findings could support future procedures to approve coastal laws in Latin America and other countries on the world.28 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSwitzerlandhttps://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128870984&doi=10.3390%2fsu14095168&origin=inward&txGid=2520609d81298a00aea63a010d2a524aLatin America and the search for a coastal law: lessons from the legislative procedure in ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85ColombiaSustainability (Switzerland)1. Harvey, N.; Clarke, B. 21st Century reform in Australian coastal policy and legislation. Mar. Policy 2019, 130, 27–32. [CrossRef]2. Taljaard, S.; van Niekerk, L.; Weerts, S.P. The legal landscape governing South Africa’s coastal marine environment—Helping with the ‘horrendogram’. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2019, 178, 104801. [CrossRef]3. BOE. Law 22/1988 of Coasts Developed by Regulation (Royal Decree1471/1989); State Official Newsletter: Madrid, Spain, 1988.4. BOE. Law 2/2013, of 29 of May, the Protection and the Sustainable Coastal Use and Modification of the Law 22/1988, of 28 of July, of Coasts; State Official Newsletter: Madrid, Spain, 2013.5. GORC. Decreto-Ley 212. Gestión de la Zona Costera. Gaceta Oficial de la República de Cuba. 8 August 2000. Available online: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cub23215.pdf (accessed on 12 July 2021).6. Terry, A.; Lewis, K.; Bullimore, B. The impact of the Marine and Coastal Access Act (2009) on Welsh inshore fisheries and marine management. Mar. Policy 2019, 99, 359–368. [CrossRef]7. O’Donnel, T. Coastal Lawscape: A framework for understanding the complexities of climate change adaptation. Mar. Policy 2021, 129, 104532. [CrossRef]8. MMA. Política Nacional Ambiental Para el Desarrollo Sostenible de los Espacios Oceánicos y las Zonas Costeras e Insulares de Colombia PNOACI; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente: Bogotá, Colombia, 1 December 2000.9. CCO. Comisión Colombiana del Océano, Política Nacional del Océano y de los Espacios Costeros—PNOEC, Vicepresidencia de la República de Colombia (1 March 2017). 96p, Bogotá, Colombia. Available online: https://cco.gov.co/cco/publicaciones/83 -publicaciones/383-politica-nacional-del-oceano-y-los-espacios-costeros-pnoec.html (accessed on 12 December 2021).10. Botero, C.M.; Hurtado, R.; Rodríguez, S.L. Reporte del Avance del Manejo Costero Integrado en Colombia 2009–2019. Rev. Costas 2020, 1, 43–66. [CrossRef]11. Carrillo, Y. Régimen Político y Calidad de las Leyes en Cuba. In Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Distrito Federal, México, 2010; pp. 623–669. [CrossRef]12. 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Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Decreto 1120 de 2013. Por el cual se Reglamentan las Unidades Ambientales Costeras -UAC-y las Comisiones Conjuntas, se Establecen las Reglas de Procedimiento y Criterios Para Reglamentar la Restricción de Ciertas Actividades en Pastos Marinos, y se Dictan Otras Disposiciones del 31 Mayo 2013. Available online: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/col150081.pdf (accessed on 1 September 2020).36. CCO (COMISIÓN COLOMBIANA DEL OCÉANO). Política Nacional del Océano y de los Espacios Costeros—PNOEC; Documento Oficial; Editorial Serie de Documentos Generales No.19; CCO, Comisión Colombiana del Océano: Bogota, Colombia, 2007.37. CONPES. Colombia Potencia Bioceánica Sostenible 2030; CONPES 3990; Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social de la República de Colombia, Departamento Nacional de Planeación: Bogotá, Colombia, 31 May 2020; p. 91. 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Certificación No. 005-690-CDZC-2011. La Gaceta No. 83, 9 May 2011; 17.281914Coastal managementColombiaLatin AmericaLegislative procedureThe congressPublicationORIGINALLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdfLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf1051119https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5acd366d-7a70-475f-9586-d5152c425db1/downloaddcb0400f1f7e02037ad25b54a9111a3bMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c337512c-af8c-44f0-8c38-dd547116ff8d/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdf.txtLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain76526https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9009b54e-c1ea-4862-a876-9abe78d45107/download2352bd2e0c65a202b6152235fc590470MD53THUMBNAILLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdf.jpgLatin America and the Search for a Coastal Law, Lessons from the Legislative Procedure in Colombia.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16154https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d1aaca70-8b0b-48bd-9965-0ca51b24b734/downloade9ff18d14aa137f83b12b1c8003933e7MD5411323/10864oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/108642024-09-17 14:18:38.248https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Copyright 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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