Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH
In this work, the adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with COOH is investigated as a function of temperature (298–328 K). For all the investigated ions, adsorption shows the classical exothermic behavior, as adsorption capacity decreases...
- Autores:
-
lotfi, sellaoui
Schnorr, Carlos Eduardo
Dhaouadi, Fatma
Taamalli, Sonia
Louis, Florent
El Bakali, Abderrahman
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb
Rtimi, Sami
Erto, Alessandro
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10783
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10783
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Carbon nanotubes
Metal cations
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
Statistical physics modeling
- Rights
- embargoedAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| title |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| spellingShingle |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH Carbon nanotubes Metal cations Cadmium Lead Mercury Statistical physics modeling |
| title_short |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| title_full |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| title_fullStr |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| title_sort |
Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
lotfi, sellaoui Schnorr, Carlos Eduardo Dhaouadi, Fatma Taamalli, Sonia Louis, Florent El Bakali, Abderrahman Dotto, Guilherme Luiz Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb Rtimi, Sami Erto, Alessandro |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
lotfi, sellaoui Schnorr, Carlos Eduardo Dhaouadi, Fatma Taamalli, Sonia Louis, Florent El Bakali, Abderrahman Dotto, Guilherme Luiz Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb Rtimi, Sami Erto, Alessandro |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Carbon nanotubes Metal cations Cadmium Lead Mercury Statistical physics modeling |
| topic |
Carbon nanotubes Metal cations Cadmium Lead Mercury Statistical physics modeling |
| description |
In this work, the adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with COOH is investigated as a function of temperature (298–328 K). For all the investigated ions, adsorption shows the classical exothermic behavior, as adsorption capacity decreases by increasing the temperature. Moreover, a saturation value of adsorption capacity is reached for all the metal cations, testifying the possible formation of a monolayer on the adsorbent surface. Two adsorption models derived from statistical physics are tested to address the investigated system's behavior. The monolayer with double functional groups is selected as the best fitting one. The analysis of model parameters shows that the adsorption of the investigated metals is multi-cationic, i.e. each functional group can adsorb several ions simultaneously. Moreover, an increase in temperature determines a decrease in the density of functional groups; for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions it is associated with an adsorption capacity on the first functional group higher than the corresponding value obtained for the second, while for Hg2+ ions, an opposite result is retrieved. Finally, adsorption energies are determined for both the functional groups, resulting in the typical range of physical adsorption. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-23T15:45:51Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11 2024-02-23T15:45:51Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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Lotfi Sellaoui, Carlos E. Schnorr, Fatma Dhaouadi, Sonia Taamalli, Florent Louis, Abderrahman El Bakali, Guilherme L. Dotto, Luis F.O. Silva, Abdemottaleb Ben Lamine, Sami Rtimi, Alessandro Erto, Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 366, 2022, 120275, ISSN 0167-7322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120275 |
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0167-7322 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10783 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120275 |
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1873-3166 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Lotfi Sellaoui, Carlos E. Schnorr, Fatma Dhaouadi, Sonia Taamalli, Florent Louis, Abderrahman El Bakali, Guilherme L. Dotto, Luis F.O. Silva, Abdemottaleb Ben Lamine, Sami Rtimi, Alessandro Erto, Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 366, 2022, 120275, ISSN 0167-7322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120275 0167-7322 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120275 1873-3166 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC – Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10783 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
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Journal of Molecular Liquids |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
[1] P. Wang, M. Du, H. Zhu, S. Bao, T. Yang, M. Zou, Structure regulation of silica nanotubes and their adsorption behaviors for heavy metal ions: pH effect, kinetics, isotherms and mechanism, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 286 (2015) 533–544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.034. [2] Y. Li, J. Wang, X. Wang, J. Wang, Adsorption-Desorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on Ca-Montmorillonite, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012) 6520–6528, https://doi. org/10.1021/ie203063s. [3] Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Systems with the Assembly of Anisotropic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocrystals@Carbon Nanosphere | Environmental Science & Technology, (n.d.). https://pubs.acs. org/doi/abs/10.1021/es200668q (accessed October 11, 2021). [4] J. Dui, G. Zhu, S. Zhou, Facile and Economical Synthesis of Large Hollow Ferrites and Their Applications in Adsorption for As(V) and Cr(VI), ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5 (2013) 10081–10089, https://doi.org/10.1021/am402656t. [5] F.N. Smith, C.D. Taylor, W. Um, A.A. Kruger, Technetium Incorporation into Goethite (a-FeOOH): An Atomic-Scale Investigation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015) 13699–13707, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03354. [6] D. Sud, G. Mahajan, M.P. Kaur, Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions – A review, Bioresource Technology. 99 (2008) 6017–6027, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.064. [7] F. Fu, Q. Wang, Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: A review, Journal of Environmental Management. 92 (2011) 407–418, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.011. [8] S.-W. Lv, J.-M. Liu, Z.-H. Wang, H. Ma, C.-Y. Li, N. Zhao, S. Wang, Recent advances on porous organic frameworks for the adsorptive removal of hazardous materials, Journal of Environmental Sciences. 80 (2019) 169–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.12.010. [9] J.-H. Chen, K.-C. Hsu, Y.-M. Chang, Surface Modification of Hydrophobic Resin with Tricaprylmethylammonium Chloride for the Removal of Trace Hexavalent Chromium, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013) 11685–11694, https://doi.org/ 10.1021/ie401233r. [10] Z. Zhu, C. Gao, Y. Wu, L. Sun, X. Huang, W. Ran, Q. Shen, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by lipopeptides and lipopeptides modified Namontmorillonite, Bioresource Technology. 147 (2013) 378–386, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.049. [11] F. Di Natale, A. Erto, A. Lancia, Desorption of arsenic from exhaust activated carbons used for water purification, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 260 (2013) 451–458, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.05.055. [12] T. Tatarchuk, A. Shyichuk, Z. Sojka, J. Grybos´, M.u. Naushad, V. Kotsyubynsky, M. Kowalska, S. Kwiatkowska-Marks, N. Danyliuk, Green synthesis, structure, cations distribution and bonding characteristics of superparamagnetic cobaltzinc ferrites nanoparticles for Pb(II) adsorption and magnetic hyperthermia applications, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 328 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2021.115375 115375. [13] L. Sellaoui, F.E. Soetaredjo, S. Ismadji, Y. Benguerba, G.L. Dotto, A. BonillaPetriciolet, A.E. Rodrigues, A.B. Lamine, A. Erto, Equilibrium study of single and binary adsorption of lead and mercury on bentonite-alginate composite: Experiments and application of two theoretical approaches, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 253 (2018) 160–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2018.01.056. [14] C. Liu, H.-X. Zhang, Modified-biochar adsorbents (MBAs) for heavy-metal ions adsorption: A critical review, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 10 (2) (2022), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107393 107393. [15] G.O. El-Sayed, Removal of methylene blue and crystal violet from aqueous solutions by palm kernel fiber, Desalination. 272 (2011) 225–232, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.01.025. [16] G.K. Sarma, S. Sen Gupta, K.G. Bhattacharyya, RETRACTED: Adsorption of Crystal violet on raw and acid-treated montmorillonite, K10, in aqueous suspension, Journal of Environmental Management. 171 (2016) 1–10, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.038. [17] Y. Zhao, Y. Chen, J. Zhao, Z. Tong, S. Jin, Preparation of SA-g-(PAA-co-PDMC) polyampholytic superabsorbent polymer and its application to the anionic dye adsorption removal from effluents, Separation and Purification Technology. 188 (2017) 329–340, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.044. [18] V. Sabna, S.G. Thampi, S. Chandrakaran, Adsorption of crystal violet onto functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Equilibrium and kinetic studies, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 134 (2016) 390–397, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.018. [19] G.P. Rao, C. Lu, F. Su, Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: A review, Separation and Purification Technology. 58 (2007) 224–231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.12.006. [20] S. Srivastava, Sorption Of Divalent Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution By Oxidized carbon Nanotubes And Nanocages: A Review, Advanced, Materials Letters. 4 (2013) 2–8, https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2013.icnano.110. [21] G.D. Vukovic´, A.D. Marinkovic´, S.D. Škapin, M.Ð. Ristic´, R. Aleksic´, A.A. Peric´ - Grujic´, P.S. Uskokovic´, Removal of lead from water by amino modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Chemical Engineering Journal. 173 (2011) 855–865, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.036. [22] J.-P. Tessonnier, D. Rosenthal, T.W. Hansen, C. Hess, M.E. Schuster, R. Blume, F. Girgsdies, N. Pfänder, O. Timpe, D.S. Su, R. Schlögl, Analysis of the structure and chemical properties of some commercial carbon nanostructures, Carbon. 47 (2009) 1779–1798, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2009.02.032. [23] S.A. Kosa, G. Al-Zhrani, M. Abdel Salam, Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with 8- hydroxyquinoline, Chemical Engineering Journal. 181–182 (2012) 159–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.044. [24] O.A. Oyetade, V.O. Nyamori, B.S. Martincigh, S.B. Jonnalagadda, Nitrogenfunctionalised carbon nanotubes as a novel adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution, RSC Adv. 6 (2016) 2731–2745, https://doi.org/10.1039/ C5RA23900A. [25] S.R. Popuri, R. Frederick, C.-Y. Chang, S.-S. Fang, C.-C. Wang, L.-C. Lee, Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions onto chitosan/carbon nanotubes composite sorbent, Desalination and Water Treatment. 52 (2014) 691–701, https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.826779. [26] M. Chopra, N. Choudhury, Adsorption of uranyl ions from its aqueous solution by functionalized carbon nanotubes: A molecular dynamics simulation study, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 294 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.molliq.2019.111569 111569. [27] G. Yu, Y. Lu, J. Guo, M. Patel, A. Bafana, X. Wang, B. Qiu, C. Jeffryes, S. Wei, Z. Guo, E.K. Wujcik, Carbon nanotubes, graphene and their derivatives for heavy metal removal, Adv Compos Hybrid Mater. 1 (2018) 56–78, https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s42114-017-0004-3. [28] K. Anitha, S. Namsani, J.K. Singh, Removal of Heavy Metal Ions Using a Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube: A Molecular Dynamics Study, J. Phys. Chem. A. 119 (2015) 8349–8358, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. jpca.5b03352. [29] J.C. Diel, D.S.P. Franco, A.V. Igansi, T.R.S. Cadaval, H.A. Pereira, I.D.S. Nunes, C.W. Basso, M.d.C.M. Alves, J. Morais, D. Pinto, G.L. Dotto, Green synthesis of carbon nanotubes impregnated with metallic nanoparticles: Characterization and application in glyphosate adsorption, Chemosphere. 283 (2021), https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131193 131193. [30] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, B. Chávez-González, H. Elizabeth Reynel-Ávila, L.L. Diaz-Muñoz, D.I. Mendoza-Castillo, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, E.C. Lima, J.C. TapiaPicazo, A.B. Lamine, Application of a heterogeneous physical model for the adsorption of Cd2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions on flamboyant pods functionalized with citric acid, Chemical Engineering Journal. 417 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127975 127975. [31] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, L.E. Hernández-Hernández, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, D.I. Mendoza-Castillo, H.E. Reynel-Ávila, H.A. González-Ponce, S. Taamalli, F. Louis, A.B. Lamine, Preparation of an avocado seed hydrochar and its application as heavy metal adsorbent: Properties and advanced statistical physics modeling, Chemical Engineering Journal. 419 (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cej.2021.129472 129472. [32] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, G.L. Dotto, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, A. Erto, A.B. Lamine, Adsorption of methylene blue on comminuted raw avocado seeds: Interpretation of the effect of salts via physical monolayer model, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 305 (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112815 112815. [33] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, S. Taamalli, F. Louis, A. El Bakali, T.R.S. Cadaval Junior, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, J.L. Marques Junior, A. VallerãoIgansi, T.S. Frantz, S. Frantz lütke, G.L. Dotto, L.A. De Almeida Pinto, A. Ben Lamine, A statistical physics analysis of the adsorption of Fe3+, Al3+ and Cu2+ heavy metals on chitosan films via homogeneous and heterogeneous monolayer models, Journal of Molecular Liquids 343 (2021) 117617. [34] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, H.E. Reynel-Ávila, V. Landín-Sandoval, D.I. MendozaCastillo, J.E. Jaime-Leal, E.C. Lima, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, A.B. Lamine, Adsorption mechanism of Zn 2+, Ni 2+, Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ ions by carbonbased adsorbents: interpretation of the adsorption isotherms via physical modelling, Environ Sci Pollut Res. 28 (24) (2021) 30943–30954. [35] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, M. Badawi, H.E. Reynel-Ávila, D.I. Mendoza-Castillo, J. E. Jaime-Leal, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, A.B. Lamine, Statistical physics interpretation of the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ on chicken feathers, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 319 (2020), https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114168 114168. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cflotfi, sellaouiSchnorr, Carlos EduardoDhaouadi, FatmaTaamalli, SoniaLouis, FlorentEl Bakali, AbderrahmanDotto, Guilherme LuizSilva Oliveira, Luis FelipeBen Lamine, AbdelmottalebRtimi, SamiErto, Alessandro2024-02-23T15:45:51Z2024-112024-02-23T15:45:51Z2022-11Lotfi Sellaoui, Carlos E. Schnorr, Fatma Dhaouadi, Sonia Taamalli, Florent Louis, Abderrahman El Bakali, Guilherme L. Dotto, Luis F.O. Silva, Abdemottaleb Ben Lamine, Sami Rtimi, Alessandro Erto, Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOH, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 366, 2022, 120275, ISSN 0167-7322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.1202750167-7322https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1078310.1016/j.molliq.2022.1202751873-3166Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC – Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this work, the adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ ions onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with COOH is investigated as a function of temperature (298–328 K). For all the investigated ions, adsorption shows the classical exothermic behavior, as adsorption capacity decreases by increasing the temperature. Moreover, a saturation value of adsorption capacity is reached for all the metal cations, testifying the possible formation of a monolayer on the adsorbent surface. Two adsorption models derived from statistical physics are tested to address the investigated system's behavior. The monolayer with double functional groups is selected as the best fitting one. The analysis of model parameters shows that the adsorption of the investigated metals is multi-cationic, i.e. each functional group can adsorb several ions simultaneously. Moreover, an increase in temperature determines a decrease in the density of functional groups; for Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions it is associated with an adsorption capacity on the first functional group higher than the corresponding value obtained for the second, while for Hg2+ ions, an opposite result is retrieved. Finally, adsorption energies are determined for both the functional groups, resulting in the typical range of physical adsorption.9 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevierNetherlandshttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732222018141Modeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with COOHArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Molecular Liquids[1] P. Wang, M. Du, H. Zhu, S. Bao, T. Yang, M. Zou, Structure regulation of silica nanotubes and their adsorption behaviors for heavy metal ions: pH effect, kinetics, isotherms and mechanism, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 286 (2015) 533–544, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.034.[2] Y. Li, J. Wang, X. Wang, J. Wang, Adsorption-Desorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on Ca-Montmorillonite, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51 (2012) 6520–6528, https://doi. org/10.1021/ie203063s.[3] Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Systems with the Assembly of Anisotropic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocrystals@Carbon Nanosphere | Environmental Science & Technology, (n.d.). https://pubs.acs. org/doi/abs/10.1021/es200668q (accessed October 11, 2021).[4] J. Dui, G. Zhu, S. Zhou, Facile and Economical Synthesis of Large Hollow Ferrites and Their Applications in Adsorption for As(V) and Cr(VI), ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5 (2013) 10081–10089, https://doi.org/10.1021/am402656t.[5] F.N. Smith, C.D. Taylor, W. Um, A.A. Kruger, Technetium Incorporation into Goethite (a-FeOOH): An Atomic-Scale Investigation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 49 (2015) 13699–13707, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03354.[6] D. Sud, G. Mahajan, M.P. 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Lamine, Statistical physics interpretation of the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ on chicken feathers, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 319 (2020), https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114168 114168.366Carbon nanotubesMetal cationsCadmiumLeadMercuryStatistical physics modelingPublicationORIGINALModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdfModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf934782https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/adc68657-008e-4dab-819b-ba531d4ea45e/download0a6ed133004075a92495db9ac7a2d9a3MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a01bcab0-c42f-4af4-86eb-d6bdb9ef53e0/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdf.txtModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain36997https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae6cb242-e5ce-4eac-a984-7e9f78640a74/download6b62624ce1876a897b1a032a0a4bcd31MD53THUMBNAILModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdf.jpgModeling the adsorption of divalent metallic cations onto multi.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16203https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c070a9e1-8750-4aed-b90a-f1200f1f570b/download6b3627cba81f00299e72da362cdaac69MD5411323/10783oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/107832024-09-17 12:46:20.372https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.coTEEgT0JSQSAoVEFMIFkgQ09NTyBTRSBERUZJTkUgTcOBUyBBREVMQU5URSkgU0UgT1RPUkdBIEJBSk8gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIERFIEVTVEEgTElDRU5DSUEgUMOaQkxJQ0EgREUgQ1JFQVRJVkUgQ09NTU9OUyAo4oCcTFBDQ+KAnSBPIOKAnExJQ0VOQ0lB4oCdKS4gTEEgT0JSQSBFU1TDgSBQUk9URUdJREEgUE9SIERFUkVDSE9TIERFIEFVVE9SIFkvVSBPVFJBUyBMRVlFUyBBUExJQ0FCTEVTLiBRVUVEQSBQUk9ISUJJRE8gQ1VBTFFVSUVSIFVTTyBRVUUgU0UgSEFHQSBERSBMQSBPQlJBIFFVRSBOTyBDVUVOVEUgQ09OIExBIEFVVE9SSVpBQ0nDk04gUEVSVElORU5URSBERSBDT05GT1JNSURBRCBDT04gTE9TIFTDiVJNSU5PUyBERSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIFkgREUgTEEgTEVZIERFIERFUkVDSE8gREUgQVVUT1IuCgpNRURJQU5URSBFTCBFSkVSQ0lDSU8gREUgQ1VBTFFVSUVSQSBERSBMT1MgREVSRUNIT1MgUVVFIFNFIE9UT1JHQU4gRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSwgVVNURUQgQUNFUFRBIFkgQUNVRVJEQSBRVUVEQVIgT0JMSUdBRE8gRU4gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIFFVRSBTRSBTRcORQUxBTiBFTiBFTExBLiBFTCBMSUNFTkNJQU5URSBDT05DRURFIEEgVVNURUQgTE9TIERFUkVDSE9TIENPTlRFTklET1MgRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSBDT05ESUNJT05BRE9TIEEgTEEgQUNFUFRBQ0nDk04gREUgU1VTIFRFUk1JTk9TIFkgQ09ORElDSU9ORVMuCjEuIERlZmluaWNpb25lcwoKYS4JT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgZXMgdW5hIG9icmEsIHRhbCBjb21vIHVuYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gcGVyacOzZGljYSwgdW5hIGFudG9sb2fDrWEsIG8gdW5hIGVuY2ljbG9wZWRpYSwgZW4gbGEgcXVlIGxhIG9icmEgZW4gc3UgdG90YWxpZGFkLCBzaW4gbW9kaWZpY2FjacOzbiBhbGd1bmEsIGp1bnRvIGNvbiB1biBncnVwbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBjb250cmlidWNpb25lcyBxdWUgY29uc3RpdHV5ZW4gb2JyYXMgc2VwYXJhZGFzIGUgaW5kZXBlbmRpZW50ZXMgZW4gc8OtIG1pc21hcywgc2UgaW50ZWdyYW4gZW4gdW4gdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8uIFVuYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllIHVuYSBvYnJhIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBubyBzZSBjb25zaWRlcmFyw6EgdW5hIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgKGNvbW8gc2UgZGVmaW5lIGFiYWpvKSBwYXJhIGxvcyBwcm9ww7NzaXRvcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhLiBhcXVlbGxhIHByb2R1Y2lkYSBwb3IgdW4gZ3J1cG8gZGUgYXV0b3JlcywgZW4gcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhIHNpbiBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcywganVudG8gY29uIHVuYSBjaWVydGEgY2FudGlkYWQgZGUgb3RyYXMgY29udHJpYnVjaW9uZXMsIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllbiBlbiBzw60gbWlzbW9zIHRyYWJham9zIHNlcGFyYWRvcyBlIGluZGVwZW5kaWVudGVzLCBxdWUgc29uIGludGVncmFkb3MgYWwgdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8sIHRhbGVzIGNvbW8gcHVibGljYWNpb25lcyBwZXJpw7NkaWNhcywgYW50b2xvZ8OtYXMgbyBlbmNpY2xvcGVkaWFzLgoKYi4JT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSBzaWduaWZpY2EgdW5hIG9icmEgYmFzYWRhIGVuIGxhIG9icmEgb2JqZXRvIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBlbiDDqXN0YSB5IG90cmFzIG9icmFzIHByZWV4aXN0ZW50ZXMsIHRhbGVzIGNvbW8gdHJhZHVjY2lvbmVzLCBhcnJlZ2xvcyBtdXNpY2FsZXMsIGRyYW1hdGl6YWNpb25lcywg4oCcZmljY2lvbmFsaXphY2lvbmVz4oCdLCB2ZXJzaW9uZXMgcGFyYSBjaW5lLCDigJxncmFiYWNpb25lcyBkZSBzb25pZG/igJ0sIHJlcHJvZHVjY2lvbmVzIGRlIGFydGUsIHJlc8O6bWVuZXMsIGNvbmRlbnNhY2lvbmVzLCBvIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJhIGVuIGxhIHF1ZSBsYSBvYnJhIHB1ZWRhIHNlciB0cmFuc2Zvcm1hZGEsIGNhbWJpYWRhIG8gYWRhcHRhZGEsIGV4Y2VwdG8gYXF1ZWxsYXMgcXVlIGNvbnN0aXR1eWFuIHVuYSBvYnJhIGNvbGVjdGl2YSwgbGFzIHF1ZSBubyBzZXLDoW4gY29uc2lkZXJhZGFzIHVuYSBvYnJhIGRlcml2YWRhIHBhcmEgZWZlY3RvcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhLiAoUGFyYSBldml0YXIgZHVkYXMsIGVuIGVsIGNhc28gZGUgcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgc2VhIHVuYSBjb21wb3NpY2nDs24gbXVzaWNhbCBvIHVuYSBncmFiYWNpw7NuIHNvbm9yYSwgcGFyYSBsb3MgZWZlY3RvcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIGxhIHNpbmNyb25pemFjacOzbiB0ZW1wb3JhbCBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIGNvbiB1bmEgaW1hZ2VuIGVuIG1vdmltaWVudG8gc2UgY29uc2lkZXJhcsOhIHVuYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhIHBhcmEgbG9zIGZpbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEpLgoKYy4JTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIGVzIGVsIGluZGl2aWR1byBvIGxhIGVudGlkYWQgdGl0dWxhciBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgcXVlIG9mcmVjZSBsYSBPYnJhIGVuIGNvbmZvcm1pZGFkIGNvbiBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYS4KCmQuCUF1dG9yIG9yaWdpbmFsLCBlcyBlbCBpbmRpdmlkdW8gcXVlIGNyZcOzIGxhIE9icmEuCgplLglPYnJhLCBlcyBhcXVlbGxhIG9icmEgc3VzY2VwdGlibGUgZGUgcHJvdGVjY2nDs24gcG9yIGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGRlIERlcmVjaG8gZGUgQXV0b3IgeSBxdWUgZXMgb2ZyZWNpZGEgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhCgpmLglVc3RlZCwgZXMgZWwgaW5kaXZpZHVvIG8gbGEgZW50aWRhZCBxdWUgZWplcmNpdGEgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBhbCBhbXBhcm8gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IHF1ZSBjb24gYW50ZXJpb3JpZGFkIG5vIGhhIHZpb2xhZG8gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGxhIG1pc21hIHJlc3BlY3RvIGEgbGEgT2JyYSwgbyBxdWUgaGF5YSBvYnRlbmlkbyBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGV4cHJlc2EgcG9yIHBhcnRlIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGFsIGFtcGFybyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHBlc2UgYSB1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBhbnRlcmlvci4KCjIuIERlcmVjaG9zIGRlIFVzb3MgSG9ucmFkb3MgeSBleGNlcGNpb25lcyBMZWdhbGVzLgpOYWRhIGVuIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcG9kcsOhIHNlciBpbnRlcnByZXRhZG8gY29tbyB1bmEgZGlzbWludWNpw7NuLCBsaW1pdGFjacOzbiBvIHJlc3RyaWNjacOzbiBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGVyaXZhZG9zIGRlbCB1c28gaG9ucmFkbyB5IG90cmFzIGxpbWl0YWNpb25lcyBvIGV4Y2VwY2lvbmVzIGEgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlbCBhdXRvciBiYWpvIGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGxlZ2FsIHZpZ2VudGUgbyBkZXJpdmFkbyBkZSBjdWFscXVpZXIgb3RyYSBub3JtYSBxdWUgc2UgbGUgYXBsaXF1ZS4KCjMuIENvbmNlc2nDs24gZGUgbGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCkJham8gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIG90b3JnYSBhIFVzdGVkIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBtdW5kaWFsLCBsaWJyZSBkZSByZWdhbMOtYXMsIG5vIGV4Y2x1c2l2YSB5IHBlcnBldHVhIChkdXJhbnRlIHRvZG8gZWwgcGVyw61vZG8gZGUgdmlnZW5jaWEgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yKSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgZXN0b3MgZGVyZWNob3Mgc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSB0YWwgeSBjb21vIHNlIGluZGljYSBhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nDs246CgphLglSZXByb2R1Y2lyIGxhIE9icmEsIGluY29ycG9yYXIgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiB1bmEgbyBtw6FzIE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHkgcmVwcm9kdWNpciBsYSBPYnJhIGluY29ycG9yYWRhIGVuIGxhcyBPYnJhcyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzLgoKYi4JRGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgbyBmb25vZ3JhbWFzIGRlIGxhcyBPYnJhcywgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgaW5jbHV5w6luZG9sYXMgY29tbyBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYXMgZW4gT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcywgc2Vnw7puIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRhLgoKYy4JRGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgZGUgbGFzIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyBxdWUgc2UgZ2VuZXJlbiwgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYS4KTG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG1lbmNpb25hZG9zIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUgcHVlZGVuIHNlciBlamVyY2lkb3MgZW4gdG9kb3MgbG9zIG1lZGlvcyB5IGZvcm1hdG9zLCBhY3R1YWxtZW50ZSBjb25vY2lkb3MgbyBxdWUgc2UgaW52ZW50ZW4gZW4gZWwgZnV0dXJvLiBMb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgYW50ZXMgbWVuY2lvbmFkb3MgaW5jbHV5ZW4gZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHJlYWxpemFyIGRpY2hhcyBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgcXVlIHNlYW4gdMOpY25pY2FtZW50ZSBuZWNlc2FyaWFzIHBhcmEgZWplcmNlciBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZW4gb3RybyBtZWRpbyBvIGZvcm1hdG9zLCBwZXJvIGRlIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIHVzdGVkIG5vIGVzdMOhIGF1dG9yaXphZG8gcGFyYSByZWFsaXphciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMuIFRvZG9zIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBubyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZXhwcmVzYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBxdWVkYW4gcG9yIGVzdGUgbWVkaW8gcmVzZXJ2YWRvcywgaW5jbHV5ZW5kbyBwZXJvIHNpbiBsaW1pdGFyc2UgYSBhcXVlbGxvcyBxdWUgc2UgbWVuY2lvbmFuIGVuIGxhcyBzZWNjaW9uZXMgNChkKSB5IDQoZSkuCgo0LiBSZXN0cmljY2lvbmVzLgpMYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBvdG9yZ2FkYSBlbiBsYSBhbnRlcmlvciBTZWNjacOzbiAzIGVzdMOhIGV4cHJlc2FtZW50ZSBzdWpldGEgeSBsaW1pdGFkYSBwb3IgbGFzIHNpZ3VpZW50ZXMgcmVzdHJpY2Npb25lczoKCmEuCVVzdGVkIHB1ZWRlIGRpc3RyaWJ1aXIsIGV4aGliaXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgZWplY3V0YXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgbyBwb25lciBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBsYSBPYnJhIHPDs2xvIGJham8gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIHkgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBpbmNsdWlyIHVuYSBjb3BpYSBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhIG8gZGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pdmVyc2FsIGRlIFJlY3Vyc29zIGRlIGxhIG1pc21hIGNvbiBjYWRhIGNvcGlhIGRlIGxhIE9icmEgcXVlIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWEsIGV4aGliYSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRlIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBwb25nYSBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYS4gTm8gZXMgcG9zaWJsZSBvZnJlY2VyIG8gaW1wb25lciBuaW5ndW5hIGNvbmRpY2nDs24gc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSBxdWUgYWx0ZXJlIG8gbGltaXRlIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIG8gZWwgZWplcmNpY2lvIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBsb3MgZGVzdGluYXRhcmlvcyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gZXN0ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8uIE5vIGVzIHBvc2libGUgc3VibGljZW5jaWFyIGxhIE9icmEuIFVzdGVkIGRlYmUgbWFudGVuZXIgaW50YWN0b3MgdG9kb3MgbG9zIGF2aXNvcyBxdWUgaGFnYW4gcmVmZXJlbmNpYSBhIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgeSBhIGxhIGNsw6F1c3VsYSBkZSBsaW1pdGFjacOzbiBkZSBnYXJhbnTDrWFzLiBVc3RlZCBubyBwdWVkZSBkaXN0cmlidWlyLCBleGhpYmlyIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGFyIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIG8gcG9uZXIgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBjb24gYWxndW5hIG1lZGlkYSB0ZWNub2zDs2dpY2EgcXVlIGNvbnRyb2xlIGVsIGFjY2VzbyBvIGxhIHV0aWxpemFjacOzbiBkZSBlbGxhIGRlIHVuYSBmb3JtYSBxdWUgc2VhIGluY29uc2lzdGVudGUgY29uIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLiBMbyBhbnRlcmlvciBzZSBhcGxpY2EgYSBsYSBPYnJhIGluY29ycG9yYWRhIGEgdW5hIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhLCBwZXJvIGVzdG8gbm8gZXhpZ2UgcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhIGFwYXJ0ZSBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIG1pc21hIHF1ZWRlIHN1amV0YSBhIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLiBTaSBVc3RlZCBjcmVhIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgcHJldmlvIGF2aXNvIGRlIGN1YWxxdWllciBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBkZWJlLCBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcG9zaWJsZSwgZWxpbWluYXIgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIHJlZmVyZW5jaWEgYSBkaWNobyBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBvIGFsIEF1dG9yIE9yaWdpbmFsLCBzZWfDum4gbG8gc29saWNpdGFkbyBwb3IgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgeSBjb25mb3JtZSBsbyBleGlnZSBsYSBjbMOhdXN1bGEgNChjKS4KCmIuCVVzdGVkIG5vIHB1ZWRlIGVqZXJjZXIgbmluZ3VubyBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcXVlIGxlIGhhbiBzaWRvIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiBsYSBTZWNjacOzbiAzIHByZWNlZGVudGUgZGUgbW9kbyBxdWUgZXN0w6luIHByaW5jaXBhbG1lbnRlIGRlc3RpbmFkb3MgbyBkaXJlY3RhbWVudGUgZGlyaWdpZG9zIGEgY29uc2VndWlyIHVuIHByb3ZlY2hvIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLiBFbCBpbnRlcmNhbWJpbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHBvciBvdHJhcyBvYnJhcyBwcm90ZWdpZGFzIHBvciBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgeWEgc2VhIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1biBzaXN0ZW1hIHBhcmEgY29tcGFydGlyIGFyY2hpdm9zIGRpZ2l0YWxlcyAoZGlnaXRhbCBmaWxlLXNoYXJpbmcpIG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIG5vIHNlcsOhIGNvbnNpZGVyYWRvIGNvbW8gZXN0YXIgZGVzdGluYWRvIHByaW5jaXBhbG1lbnRlIG8gZGlyaWdpZG8gZGlyZWN0YW1lbnRlIGEgY29uc2VndWlyIHVuIHByb3ZlY2hvIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLCBzaWVtcHJlIHF1ZSBubyBzZSByZWFsaWNlIHVuIHBhZ28gbWVkaWFudGUgdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIGVuIHJlbGFjacOzbiBjb24gZWwgaW50ZXJjYW1iaW8gZGUgb2JyYXMgcHJvdGVnaWRhcyBwb3IgZWwgZGVyZWNobyBkZSBhdXRvci4KCmMuCVNpIHVzdGVkIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWUsIGV4aGliZSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgZW4gZm9ybWEgZGlnaXRhbCBsYSBPYnJhIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgdSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RhIHRvZGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSB5IHByb3BvcmNpb25hciwgZGUgZm9ybWEgcmF6b25hYmxlIHNlZ8O6biBlbCBtZWRpbyBvIG1hbmVyYSBxdWUgVXN0ZWQgZXN0w6kgdXRpbGl6YW5kbzogKGkpIGVsIG5vbWJyZSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8gKG8gc2V1ZMOzbmltbywgc2kgZnVlcmUgYXBsaWNhYmxlKSwgeS9vIChpaSkgZWwgbm9tYnJlIGRlIGxhIHBhcnRlIG8gbGFzIHBhcnRlcyBxdWUgZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgeS9vIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGh1YmllcmVuIGRlc2lnbmFkbyBwYXJhIGxhIGF0cmlidWNpw7NuICh2LmcuLCB1biBpbnN0aXR1dG8gcGF0cm9jaW5hZG9yLCBlZGl0b3JpYWwsIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbikgZW4gbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBzZXJ2aWNpb3MgbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBmb3JtYXMgcmF6b25hYmxlczsgZWwgdMOtdHVsbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHNpIGVzdMOhIHByb3Zpc3RvOyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcmF6b25hYmxlbWVudGUgZmFjdGlibGUgeSwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8sIGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pZm9ybWUgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgKFVuaWZvcm0gUmVzb3VyY2UgSWRlbnRpZmllcikgcXVlIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGVzcGVjaWZpY2EgcGFyYSBzZXIgYXNvY2lhZG8gY29uIGxhIE9icmEsIHNhbHZvIHF1ZSB0YWwgVVJJIG5vIHNlIHJlZmllcmEgYSBsYSBub3RhIHNvYnJlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBvIGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIHNvYnJlIGVsIGxpY2VuY2lhbWllbnRvIGRlIGxhIE9icmE7IHkgZW4gZWwgY2FzbyBkZSB1bmEgT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSwgYXRyaWJ1aXIgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gaWRlbnRpZmljYW5kbyBlbCB1c28gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiBsYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhICh2LmcuLCAiVHJhZHVjY2nDs24gRnJhbmNlc2EgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIiBvICJHdWnDs24gQ2luZW1hdG9ncsOhZmljbyBiYXNhZG8gZW4gbGEgT2JyYSBvcmlnaW5hbCBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwiKS4gVGFsIGNyw6lkaXRvIHB1ZWRlIHNlciBpbXBsZW1lbnRhZG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hIHJhem9uYWJsZTsgZW4gZWwgY2Fzbywgc2luIGVtYmFyZ28sIGRlIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyB1IE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHRhbCBjcsOpZGl0byBhcGFyZWNlcsOhLCBjb21vIG3DrW5pbW8sIGRvbmRlIGFwYXJlY2UgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gYXV0b3IgY29tcGFyYWJsZSB5IGRlIHVuYSBtYW5lcmEsIGFsIG1lbm9zLCB0YW4gZGVzdGFjYWRhIGNvbW8gZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgb3RybyBhdXRvciBjb21wYXJhYmxlLgoKZC4JUGFyYSBldml0YXIgdG9kYSBjb25mdXNpw7NuLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBhY2xhcmEgcXVlLCBjdWFuZG8gbGEgb2JyYSBlcyB1bmEgY29tcG9zaWNpw7NuIG11c2ljYWw6CgppLglSZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGludGVycHJldGFjacOzbiB5IGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gYmFqbyBsaWNlbmNpYXMgZ2VuZXJhbGVzLiBFbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBzZSByZXNlcnZhIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZXhjbHVzaXZvIGRlIGF1dG9yaXphciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIG8gbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgeSBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBzZWEgaW5kaXZpZHVhbG1lbnRlIG8gYSB0cmF2w6lzIGRlIHVuYSBzb2NpZWRhZCBkZSBnZXN0acOzbiBjb2xlY3RpdmEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgU0FZQ08pLCBsYXMgcmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIG8gcG9yIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbyBXZWJjYXN0KSBsaWNlbmNpYWRhIGJham8gbGljZW5jaWFzIGdlbmVyYWxlcywgc2kgbGEgaW50ZXJwcmV0YWNpw7NuIG8gZWplY3VjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBvcmllbnRhZGEgcG9yIG8gZGlyaWdpZGEgYSBsYSBvYnRlbmNpw7NuIGRlIHVuYSB2ZW50YWphIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLgoKaWkuCVJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgRm9ub2dyYW1hcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsbWVudGUgbyBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW5hIHNvY2llZGFkIGRlIGdlc3Rpw7NuIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciB5IGRlcmVjaG9zIGNvbmV4b3MgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCBsb3MgY29uc2FncmFkb3MgcG9yIGxhIFNBWUNPKSwgdW5hIGFnZW5jaWEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgbXVzaWNhbGVzIG8gYWxnw7puIGFnZW50ZSBkZXNpZ25hZG8sIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGN1YWxxdWllciBmb25vZ3JhbWEgcXVlIFVzdGVkIGNyZWUgYSBwYXJ0aXIgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAo4oCcdmVyc2nDs24gY292ZXLigJ0pIHkgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZWwgcsOpZ2ltZW4gZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHNpIGxhIGNyZWFjacOzbiBvIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nDs24gZGUgZXNhIHZlcnNpw7NuIGNvdmVyIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZGEgbyBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuCgplLglHZXN0acOzbiBkZSBEZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBBdXRvciBzb2JyZSBJbnRlcnByZXRhY2lvbmVzIHkgRWplY3VjaW9uZXMgRGlnaXRhbGVzIChXZWJDYXN0aW5nKS4gUGFyYSBldml0YXIgdG9kYSBjb25mdXNpw7NuLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBhY2xhcmEgcXVlLCBjdWFuZG8gbGEgb2JyYSBzZWEgdW4gZm9ub2dyYW1hLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBzZSByZXNlcnZhIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZXhjbHVzaXZvIGRlIGF1dG9yaXphciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIHdlYmNhc3QpIHkgZGUgcmVjb2xlY3RhciwgaW5kaXZpZHVhbG1lbnRlIG8gYSB0cmF2w6lzIGRlIHVuYSBzb2NpZWRhZCBkZSBnZXN0acOzbiBjb2xlY3RpdmEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgQUNJTlBSTyksIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgd2ViY2FzdCksIHN1amV0YSBhIGxhcyBkaXNwb3NpY2lvbmVzIGFwbGljYWJsZXMgZGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGRlIERlcmVjaG8gZGUgQXV0b3IsIHNpIGVzdGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuCgo1LiBSZXByZXNlbnRhY2lvbmVzLCBHYXJhbnTDrWFzIHkgTGltaXRhY2lvbmVzIGRlIFJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KQSBNRU5PUyBRVUUgTEFTIFBBUlRFUyBMTyBBQ09SREFSQU4gREUgT1RSQSBGT1JNQSBQT1IgRVNDUklUTywgRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgT0ZSRUNFIExBIE9CUkEgKEVOIEVMIEVTVEFETyBFTiBFTCBRVUUgU0UgRU5DVUVOVFJBKSDigJxUQUwgQ1VBTOKAnSwgU0lOIEJSSU5EQVIgR0FSQU5Uw41BUyBERSBDTEFTRSBBTEdVTkEgUkVTUEVDVE8gREUgTEEgT0JSQSwgWUEgU0VBIEVYUFJFU0EsIElNUEzDjUNJVEEsIExFR0FMIE8gQ1VBTFFVSUVSQSBPVFJBLCBJTkNMVVlFTkRPLCBTSU4gTElNSVRBUlNFIEEgRUxMQVMsIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgREUgVElUVUxBUklEQUQsIENPTUVSQ0lBQklMSURBRCwgQURBUFRBQklMSURBRCBPIEFERUNVQUNJw5NOIEEgUFJPUMOTU0lUTyBERVRFUk1JTkFETywgQVVTRU5DSUEgREUgSU5GUkFDQ0nDk04sIERFIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIERFRkVDVE9TIExBVEVOVEVTIE8gREUgT1RSTyBUSVBPLCBPIExBIFBSRVNFTkNJQSBPIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIEVSUk9SRVMsIFNFQU4gTyBOTyBERVNDVUJSSUJMRVMgKFBVRURBTiBPIE5PIFNFUiBFU1RPUyBERVNDVUJJRVJUT1MpLiBBTEdVTkFTIEpVUklTRElDQ0lPTkVTIE5PIFBFUk1JVEVOIExBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gREUgR0FSQU5Uw41BUyBJTVBMw41DSVRBUywgRU4gQ1VZTyBDQVNPIEVTVEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBQVUVERSBOTyBBUExJQ0FSU0UgQSBVU1RFRC4KCjYuIExpbWl0YWNpw7NuIGRlIHJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KQSBNRU5PUyBRVUUgTE8gRVhJSkEgRVhQUkVTQU1FTlRFIExBIExFWSBBUExJQ0FCTEUsIEVMIExJQ0VOQ0lBTlRFIE5PIFNFUsOBIFJFU1BPTlNBQkxFIEFOVEUgVVNURUQgUE9SIERBw5FPIEFMR1VOTywgU0VBIFBPUiBSRVNQT05TQUJJTElEQUQgRVhUUkFDT05UUkFDVFVBTCwgUFJFQ09OVFJBQ1RVQUwgTyBDT05UUkFDVFVBTCwgT0JKRVRJVkEgTyBTVUJKRVRJVkEsIFNFIFRSQVRFIERFIERBw5FPUyBNT1JBTEVTIE8gUEFUUklNT05JQUxFUywgRElSRUNUT1MgTyBJTkRJUkVDVE9TLCBQUkVWSVNUT1MgTyBJTVBSRVZJU1RPUyBQUk9EVUNJRE9TIFBPUiBFTCBVU08gREUgRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSBPIERFIExBIE9CUkEsIEFVTiBDVUFORE8gRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgSEFZQSBTSURPIEFEVkVSVElETyBERSBMQSBQT1NJQklMSURBRCBERSBESUNIT1MgREHDkU9TLiBBTEdVTkFTIExFWUVTIE5PIFBFUk1JVEVOIExBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gREUgQ0lFUlRBIFJFU1BPTlNBQklMSURBRCwgRU4gQ1VZTyBDQVNPIEVTVEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBQVUVERSBOTyBBUExJQ0FSU0UgQSBVU1RFRC4KCjcuIFTDqXJtaW5vLgoKYS4JRXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gdmlydHVkIGRlIGVsbGEgdGVybWluYXLDoW4gYXV0b23DoXRpY2FtZW50ZSBzaSBVc3RlZCBpbmZyaW5nZSBhbGd1bmEgY29uZGljacOzbiBlc3RhYmxlY2lkYSBlbiBlbGxhLiBTaW4gZW1iYXJnbywgbG9zIGluZGl2aWR1b3MgbyBlbnRpZGFkZXMgcXVlIGhhbiByZWNpYmlkbyBPYnJhcyBEZXJpdmFkYXMgbyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzIGRlIFVzdGVkIGRlIGNvbmZvcm1pZGFkIGNvbiBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLCBubyB2ZXLDoW4gdGVybWluYWRhcyBzdXMgbGljZW5jaWFzLCBzaWVtcHJlIHF1ZSBlc3RvcyBpbmRpdmlkdW9zIG8gZW50aWRhZGVzIHNpZ2FuIGN1bXBsaWVuZG8gw61udGVncmFtZW50ZSBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YXMgbGljZW5jaWFzLiBMYXMgU2VjY2lvbmVzIDEsIDIsIDUsIDYsIDcsIHkgOCBzdWJzaXN0aXLDoW4gYSBjdWFscXVpZXIgdGVybWluYWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCgpiLglTdWpldGEgYSBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgeSB0w6lybWlub3MgYW50ZXJpb3JlcywgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYXF1w60gZXMgcGVycGV0dWEgKGR1cmFudGUgZWwgcGVyw61vZG8gZGUgdmlnZW5jaWEgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIGRlIGxhIG9icmEpLiBObyBvYnN0YW50ZSBsbyBhbnRlcmlvciwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGEgcHVibGljYXIgeS9vIGVzdHJlbmFyIGxhIE9icmEgYmFqbyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBsaWNlbmNpYSBkaWZlcmVudGVzIG8gYSBkZWphciBkZSBkaXN0cmlidWlybGEgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIGVuIGN1YWxxdWllciBtb21lbnRvOyBlbiBlbCBlbnRlbmRpZG8sIHNpbiBlbWJhcmdvLCBxdWUgZXNhIGVsZWNjacOzbiBubyBzZXJ2aXLDoSBwYXJhIHJldm9jYXIgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBvIHF1ZSBkZWJhIHNlciBvdG9yZ2FkYSAsIGJham8gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhKSwgeSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhIGNvbnRpbnVhcsOhIGVuIHBsZW5vIHZpZ29yIHkgZWZlY3RvIGEgbWVub3MgcXVlIHNlYSB0ZXJtaW5hZGEgY29tbyBzZSBleHByZXNhIGF0csOhcy4gTGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcmV2b2NhZGEgY29udGludWFyw6Egc2llbmRvIHBsZW5hbWVudGUgdmlnZW50ZSB5IGVmZWN0aXZhIHNpIG5vIHNlIGxlIGRhIHTDqXJtaW5vIGVuIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBpbmRpY2FkYXMgYW50ZXJpb3JtZW50ZS4KCjguIFZhcmlvcy4KCmEuCUNhZGEgdmV6IHF1ZSBVc3RlZCBkaXN0cmlidXlhIG8gcG9uZ2EgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBvIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgb2ZyZWNlcsOhIGFsIGRlc3RpbmF0YXJpbyB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgZW4gbG9zIG1pc21vcyB0w6lybWlub3MgeSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBxdWUgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYSBVc3RlZCBiYWpvIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCgpiLglTaSBhbGd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcmVzdWx0YSBpbnZhbGlkYWRhIG8gbm8gZXhpZ2libGUsIHNlZ8O6biBsYSBsZWdpc2xhY2nDs24gdmlnZW50ZSwgZXN0byBubyBhZmVjdGFyw6EgbmkgbGEgdmFsaWRleiBuaSBsYSBhcGxpY2FiaWxpZGFkIGRlbCByZXN0byBkZSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHksIHNpbiBhY2Npw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBwb3IgcGFydGUgZGUgbG9zIHN1amV0b3MgZGUgZXN0ZSBhY3VlcmRvLCBhcXXDqWxsYSBzZSBlbnRlbmRlcsOhIHJlZm9ybWFkYSBsbyBtw61uaW1vIG5lY2VzYXJpbyBwYXJhIGhhY2VyIHF1ZSBkaWNoYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gc2VhIHbDoWxpZGEgeSBleGlnaWJsZS4KCmMuCU5pbmfDum4gdMOpcm1pbm8gbyBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSBzZSBlc3RpbWFyw6EgcmVudW5jaWFkYSB5IG5pbmd1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBkZSBlbGxhIHNlcsOhIGNvbnNlbnRpZGEgYSBtZW5vcyBxdWUgZXNhIHJlbnVuY2lhIG8gY29uc2VudGltaWVudG8gc2VhIG90b3JnYWRvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIHkgZmlybWFkbyBwb3IgbGEgcGFydGUgcXVlIHJlbnVuY2llIG8gY29uc2llbnRhLgoKZC4JRXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZWZsZWphIGVsIGFjdWVyZG8gcGxlbm8gZW50cmUgbGFzIHBhcnRlcyByZXNwZWN0byBhIGxhIE9icmEgYXF1w60gbGljZW5jaWFkYS4gTm8gaGF5IGFycmVnbG9zLCBhY3VlcmRvcyBvIGRlY2xhcmFjaW9uZXMgcmVzcGVjdG8gYSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBubyBlc3TDqW4gZXNwZWNpZmljYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgbm8gc2UgdmVyw6EgbGltaXRhZG8gcG9yIG5pbmd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBxdWUgcHVlZGEgc3VyZ2lyIGVuIGFsZ3VuYSBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIGVtYW5hZGEgZGUgVXN0ZWQuIEVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbm8gcHVlZGUgc2VyIG1vZGlmaWNhZGEgc2luIGVsIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIG11dHVvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IFVzdGVkLgo= 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