Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques
Fluid mechanics plays a crucial role in everyday life, enabling the selection of accessories, materials, and various components essential for a system through which fluid flows. Pressure drop stands out as one of the most relevant factors in the design of fluid flow systems. However, analytical and...
- Autores:
-
Rhenals, Mauricio
Robledo, Armando
Fábregas, Jonathan
Carpintero Durango, Javier Andrés
Canales, Fausto Alfredo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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- spa
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- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13424
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
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- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| spellingShingle |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title_short |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title_full |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title_fullStr |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| title_sort |
Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniques |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rhenals, Mauricio Robledo, Armando Fábregas, Jonathan Carpintero Durango, Javier Andrés Canales, Fausto Alfredo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rhenals, Mauricio Robledo, Armando Fábregas, Jonathan Carpintero Durango, Javier Andrés Canales, Fausto Alfredo |
| description |
Fluid mechanics plays a crucial role in everyday life, enabling the selection of accessories, materials, and various components essential for a system through which fluid flows. Pressure drop stands out as one of the most relevant factors in the design of fluid flow systems. However, analytical and experimental physical methods can increase these analyses' costs and time. Hence, in this study, statistical tools are employed to carry out specific experiments supported by numerical fluid simulation, aiming to comprehend the pressure drop behavior in a fluid as it passes through a globe valve. This valve, in turn, possesses distinct operating and manufacturing characteristics. The methods employed encompass a complete factorial system of response surface as support to construct the experimental design path through computational fluid dynamics. Among the key findings, it is demonstrated that, for systems with relatively low flow rates, the valve opening percentage does not exhibit a significant relationship with fluid pressure drop. Conversely, significant effects are observed for systems with relatively high flow rates regarding the valve opening percentage and pressure drop, reaching values of up to 73% pressure drop in this study. It can be inferred that the integration of statistical experimental design techniques and computational fluid dynamics constitutes a valuable resource for studying the pressure drop of a fluid passing through a system. |
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2024 |
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2024-10-03T16:17:19Z |
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2024-10-03T16:17:19Z |
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2024 |
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Mauricio Rhenals, Armando Robledo, Jonathan Fábregas, & Javier Carpintero. (2024). Analysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 115(2), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.7082 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13424 |
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10.37934/arfmts.115.2.7082 |
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2289-7879 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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Mauricio Rhenals, Armando Robledo, Jonathan Fábregas, & Javier Carpintero. (2024). Analysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 115(2), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.7082 10.37934/arfmts.115.2.7082 2289-7879 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13424 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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spa |
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spa |
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Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences |
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[1] Rezaey, Saber. "Numerical investigation of a globe control valve and estimating its loss coefficient at different opening states." European Journal of Computational Mechanics 29, no. 4-6 (2021): 549-576. https://doi.org/10.13052/ejcm1779-7179.294610 [2] Rani, Ahmad Majdi Abdul, Mohd Norhisyam Awang, M. Nasir A. Rani, Nur Athirah Ishar, Harvey M. Thompson, M. Hafizun Hassan, Bushra Mohamad Zakir, and Ahmad Tarmizi Hassan. "Simulation-enabled design and analysis of globe valve." In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2051, no. 1, p. 012025. IOP Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012025 [3] Nguyen, Quang Khai, Kwang Hyo Jung, Gang Nam Lee, Sung Bu Suh, and Peter To. "Experimental study on pressure distribution and flow coefficient of globe valve." Processes 8, no. 7 (2020): 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070875 [4] Lira, Jéssica O. B., Humberto G. Riella, Natan Padoin, and Cíntia Soares. "CFD+ DoE optimization of a flat plate photocatalytic reactor applied to NOx abatement." Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification 154 (2020): 107998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107998 [5] Izadi, Ahad, Elham Kashani, and Ali Mohebbi. "Combining 10 meta-heuristic algorithms, CFD, DOE, MGGP and PROMETHEE II for optimizing Stairmand cyclone separator." Powder Technology 382 (2021): 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.056 [6] Tambolkar, Pooja, Aishwarya Ponkshe, Vrushali Mulay, and Anand Bewoor. "Use of taguchi DOE for CFD simulation to maximize the reusability of working fluids of centrifugal filter." Procedia Manufacturing 46 (2020): 608-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.03.087 [7] Carpintero, Javier, Fausto A. Canales, Jonathan Fábregas, and José Ávila. "Factors and interactions that influence the pressure drop across an air volume reducing device on low-pressure water distribution networks." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 46, no. 2 (2022): 1433-1443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00682-z [8] Carpintero, Javier, Jennifer Villa-Dominguez, María José Tavera-Quiroz, Humberto Carlos Tavera-Quiroz, Bartosz Kaźmierczak, Jonathan Fábregas-Villegas, and Fausto A. Canales. "Application of a 2k-p fractional experimental design in coagulation-flocculation processes in the treatment of wastewater from a slaughterhouse." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (2022): 10402. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610402 [9] Jasim, Rasha Abdulrazzak, Wajdi Qasim Hussen, Mahir Faris Abdullah, and Rozli Zulkifli. "Numerical Simulation of Characterization of Hydraulic Jump Over an Obstacle in an Open Channel Flow." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 106, no. 1 (2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.106.1.115 [10] Amina, Mostefaoui, Saim Rachid, and Abboudi Saïd. "Numerical Analysis of The Thermo-Convective Behaviour of an Al2O3-H2O Nanofluid Flow Inside a Channel with Trapezoidal Corrugations." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 89, no. 2 (2022): 114-127. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.89.2.114127 [11] Benkara-Mostefa, Karima Heguehoug, and Rahima Benchabi-Lanani. "Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation of Turbulent Flow in Corrugated Channel using Nanofluid." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 109, no. 2 (2023): 136-150. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.109.2.136150 [12] Abugnah, Elhadi Kh, Wan Saiful-Islam Wan Salim, and Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi. "Impact of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer Characteristics of SiO2-Water Nanofluid Flow through Rectangular Corrugated Channels." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 104, no. 2 (2023): 86-102. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.104.2.86102 [13] Elfaghi, Abdulhafid M. A., Alhadi A. Abosbaia, Munir F. A. Alkbir, and Abdoulhdi A. B. Omran. "CFD Simulation of Forced Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement in Pipe Using Al2O3/Water Nanofluid." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 8, no. 1 (2022): 44-49. [14] Idris, Muhammad Syafiq, Irnie Azlin Zakaria, and Wan Azmi Wan Hamzah. "Heat transfer and pressure drop of water based hybrid Al2O3: SiO2 nanofluids in cooling plate of PEMFC." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 4, no. 1 (2021): 1-13. [15] Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che, Saidu Bello Abubakar, and Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof. "Measurement of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Performance in Rectangular Microchannel using Pure Water and Fe3O4-H2O Nanofluid." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 68, no. 1 (2020): 9-21. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.68.1.921 [16] Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che, Abdolbaqi Mohammed Khdher, Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof, and M'hamed Beriache. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Straight Channel with Nanofluid in Fully Developed Turbulent Flow." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 63, no. 1 (2019): 1-15. [17] Sukamta, Sukamta, Rama Putrantyo Anwar, Sudarja Sudarja, Sri Sundari, and Mochamad Syamsiro. "Computational Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow Pressure Gradient of Air-Sodium Chloride and Glucose in Horizontal Capillary Channels." CFD Letters 14, no. 1 (2022): 52-65. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.1.5265 [18] Enam, Samin, Muhammad Noor Afiq Witri Muhammad Yazid, and Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. "Numerical Investigation on The Effect of Grille Blockage Ratio on Air Flow Characteristics of Air Vents." CFD Letters 14, no. 10 (2022): 32-41. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.10.3241 [19] Khan, Umair, William Pao, Nabihah Sallih, and Farruk Hassan. "Identification of horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow regime using deep learning." CFD Letters 14, no. 10 (2022): 68-78. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.10.6878 [20] Fábregas, Jonathan, Henry Santamaria, Edgardo Buelvas, Saul Perez, Carlos Díaz, Javier Andrés Carpintero Durango, Ricardo Mendoza, and Jennifer Villa. "Computational fluid dynamics modeling of microchannels cooling for electronic microdevices." IIUM Engineering Journal 23, no. 1 (2022): 384-396. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v23i1.2113 [21] Bu, Qingyun, Aliyu Aliyu, and Rakesh Mishra. "A new one-dimensional control valve model for the local flow coefficient based on local analysis of CFD data." International Journal of COMADEM 25, no. 1 (2022): 5-8. [22] Garg, Kapil, Suvir Singh, Mahadev Rokade, and Shubham Singh. "Experimental and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of leak shapes and sizes for gas pipeline." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 84 (2023): 105112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2023.105112 [23] Reich, Alton. "Use of CFD to Improve Control Valve Effectiveness." In Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, vol. 58943, p. V003T03A059. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. [24] Serani, Andrea, Riccardo Pellegrini, Jeroen Wackers, C-E. Jeanson, Patrick Queutey, Michel Visonneau, and Matteo Diez. "Adaptive multi-fidelity sampling for CFD-based optimisation via radial basis function metamodels." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 33, no. 6-7 (2019): 237-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2019.1683164 [25] Al-Obaidi, Ahmed Ramadhan, and Jassim Alhamid. "Investigation of the main flow characteristics mechanism and flow dynamics within an axial flow pump based on different transient load conditions." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering 47, no. 4 (2023): 1397-1415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-022-00586-x [26] Al-Obaidi, Ahmed, Hussam Khalaf, and Jassim Alhamid. "Investigation of the influence of varying operation configurations on flow behaviors characteristics and hydraulic axial-flow pump performance." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Science Education in The Industrial Revolution 4.0, ICONSEIR 2022, November 24th, 2022, Medan, Indonesia. 2023. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-11-2022.2332719 [27] Al-Obaidi, Ahmed, Hussam Khalaf, and Jassim Alhamid. "Investigation on the characteristics of internal flow within three-dimensional axial pump based on different flow conditions." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Science Education in The Industrial Revolution 4.0, ICONSEIR 2022, November 24th, 2022, Medan, Indonesia. 2023. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-11-2022.2332720 [28] Al-Obaidi, A. R. "Effect of different guide vane configurations on flow field investigation and performances of an axial pump based on CFD analysis and vibration investigation." Experimental Techniques 48, no. 1 (2024): 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-023-00641-5 [29] Al-Obaidi, Ahmed Ramadhan, and Ali Qubian. "Effect of outlet impeller diameter on performance prediction of centrifugal pump under single-phase and cavitation flow conditions." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 23, no. 7-8 (2022): 1203-1229. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2020-0119 [30] Chen, Wei-Hsin, Manuel Carrera Uribe, Eilhann E. Kwon, Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, Young-Kwon Park, Lu Ding, and Lip Huat Saw. "A comprehensive review of thermoelectric generation optimization by statistical approach: Taguchi method, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and response surface methodology (RSM)." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 169 (2022): 112917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112917 [31] Alvarez, Jorge, Jonathan Fabregas Villegas, Mauricio Márquez, and Javier Carpintero. "Energy Evaluation of Synthesis Gas in a Turbocharger System Employing CFD Tools." CFD Letters 16, no. 6 (2024): 109-119. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.16.6.109119 [32] Li, Ning, Yongqian Liu, Li Li, Siyu Chang, Shuang Han, Hao Zhao, and Hang Meng. "Numerical simulation of wind turbine wake based on extended k-epsilon turbulence model coupling with actuator disc considering nacelle and tower." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 18 (2020): 3834-3842. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0416 [33] Joshi, Tanuj, Om Parkash, and Gopal Krishan. "Numerical investigation of slurry pressure drop at different pipe roughness in a straight pipe using CFD." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 47, no. 12 (2022): 15391- 15414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-06583-1 [34] Ahmadi, Ali Akbar, Masoud Arabbeiki, Hafiz Muhammad Ali, Marjan Goodarzi, and Mohammad Reza Safaei. "Configuration and optimization of a minichannel using water-alumina nanofluid by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and response surface method." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (2020): 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10050901 |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Rhenals, MauricioRobledo, ArmandoFábregas, JonathanCarpintero Durango, Javier AndrésCanales, Fausto Alfredovirtual::608-12024-10-03T16:17:19Z2024-10-03T16:17:19Z2024Mauricio Rhenals, Armando Robledo, Jonathan Fábregas, & Javier Carpintero. (2024). Analysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 115(2), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.115.2.7082https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1342410.37934/arfmts.115.2.70822289-7879Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Fluid mechanics plays a crucial role in everyday life, enabling the selection of accessories, materials, and various components essential for a system through which fluid flows. Pressure drop stands out as one of the most relevant factors in the design of fluid flow systems. However, analytical and experimental physical methods can increase these analyses' costs and time. Hence, in this study, statistical tools are employed to carry out specific experiments supported by numerical fluid simulation, aiming to comprehend the pressure drop behavior in a fluid as it passes through a globe valve. This valve, in turn, possesses distinct operating and manufacturing characteristics. The methods employed encompass a complete factorial system of response surface as support to construct the experimental design path through computational fluid dynamics. Among the key findings, it is demonstrated that, for systems with relatively low flow rates, the valve opening percentage does not exhibit a significant relationship with fluid pressure drop. Conversely, significant effects are observed for systems with relatively high flow rates regarding the valve opening percentage and pressure drop, reaching values of up to 73% pressure drop in this study. It can be inferred that the integration of statistical experimental design techniques and computational fluid dynamics constitutes a valuable resource for studying the pressure drop of a fluid passing through a system.13 páginasapplication/pdfspaSemarak Ilmu PublishingMalaysiahttps://semarakilmu.com.my/journals/index.php/fluid_mechanics_thermal_sciences/article/view/6178Analysis of fluid pressure drop through a globe valve using computational fluid dynamics and statistical techniquesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences[1] Rezaey, Saber. "Numerical investigation of a globe control valve and estimating its loss coefficient at different opening states." European Journal of Computational Mechanics 29, no. 4-6 (2021): 549-576. https://doi.org/10.13052/ejcm1779-7179.294610[2] Rani, Ahmad Majdi Abdul, Mohd Norhisyam Awang, M. Nasir A. Rani, Nur Athirah Ishar, Harvey M. Thompson, M. Hafizun Hassan, Bushra Mohamad Zakir, and Ahmad Tarmizi Hassan. "Simulation-enabled design and analysis of globe valve." In Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2051, no. 1, p. 012025. IOP Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012025[3] Nguyen, Quang Khai, Kwang Hyo Jung, Gang Nam Lee, Sung Bu Suh, and Peter To. "Experimental study on pressure distribution and flow coefficient of globe valve." Processes 8, no. 7 (2020): 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070875[4] Lira, Jéssica O. B., Humberto G. Riella, Natan Padoin, and Cíntia Soares. "CFD+ DoE optimization of a flat plate photocatalytic reactor applied to NOx abatement." Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification 154 (2020): 107998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107998[5] Izadi, Ahad, Elham Kashani, and Ali Mohebbi. "Combining 10 meta-heuristic algorithms, CFD, DOE, MGGP and PROMETHEE II for optimizing Stairmand cyclone separator." Powder Technology 382 (2021): 70-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.12.056[6] Tambolkar, Pooja, Aishwarya Ponkshe, Vrushali Mulay, and Anand Bewoor. "Use of taguchi DOE for CFD simulation to maximize the reusability of working fluids of centrifugal filter." Procedia Manufacturing 46 (2020): 608-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.03.087[7] Carpintero, Javier, Fausto A. Canales, Jonathan Fábregas, and José Ávila. "Factors and interactions that influence the pressure drop across an air volume reducing device on low-pressure water distribution networks." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 46, no. 2 (2022): 1433-1443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-021-00682-z[8] Carpintero, Javier, Jennifer Villa-Dominguez, María José Tavera-Quiroz, Humberto Carlos Tavera-Quiroz, Bartosz Kaźmierczak, Jonathan Fábregas-Villegas, and Fausto A. Canales. "Application of a 2k-p fractional experimental design in coagulation-flocculation processes in the treatment of wastewater from a slaughterhouse." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (2022): 10402. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610402[9] Jasim, Rasha Abdulrazzak, Wajdi Qasim Hussen, Mahir Faris Abdullah, and Rozli Zulkifli. "Numerical Simulation of Characterization of Hydraulic Jump Over an Obstacle in an Open Channel Flow." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 106, no. 1 (2023): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.106.1.115[10] Amina, Mostefaoui, Saim Rachid, and Abboudi Saïd. "Numerical Analysis of The Thermo-Convective Behaviour of an Al2O3-H2O Nanofluid Flow Inside a Channel with Trapezoidal Corrugations." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 89, no. 2 (2022): 114-127. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.89.2.114127[11] Benkara-Mostefa, Karima Heguehoug, and Rahima Benchabi-Lanani. "Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation of Turbulent Flow in Corrugated Channel using Nanofluid." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 109, no. 2 (2023): 136-150. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.109.2.136150[12] Abugnah, Elhadi Kh, Wan Saiful-Islam Wan Salim, and Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi. "Impact of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer Characteristics of SiO2-Water Nanofluid Flow through Rectangular Corrugated Channels." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 104, no. 2 (2023): 86-102. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.104.2.86102[13] Elfaghi, Abdulhafid M. A., Alhadi A. Abosbaia, Munir F. A. 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Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (2020): 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano1005090182702115Publication48a40323-4c39-4859-bb1c-eeeb97a2c4dfvirtual::608-148a40323-4c39-4859-bb1c-eeeb97a2c4dfvirtual::608-1https://scholar.google.com.pr/citations?user=mBTX4IAAAAAJ&hl=esvirtual::608-10000-0002-6858-1855virtual::608-1ORIGINALAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdfAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdfapplication/pdf1215150https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4a2bc2de-a437-43ed-95e2-e9bf95b29bd8/downloadeb6bb97a8e94d1c086d0643b0233add1MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7182cd32-d581-427d-b4c5-d384289d3a67/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdf.txtAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain36685https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f42aa27e-16cc-4d29-91ef-b08807be47ce/download923c553accee9fb26d49036ea154d6b2MD53THUMBNAILAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdf.jpgAnalysis of Fluid Pressure Drop through a Globe Valve using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Statistical Techniques.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14950https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dae8ee95-6c31-4171-8475-35a8ff52f16b/downloadd27d2799ed7fc5713ffd7e7e866688feMD5411323/13424oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/134242025-02-20 17:56:29.012https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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