Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years

The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms, and IQ in children aged 2 to 5 years, through a quantitative correlational methodology. The sample consisted of 189 children and their parents and/ or caregivers belonging to...

Full description

Autores:
Vergara Álvarez, María Laura
Ramírez, Andrés Fernando
Navarro-Obeid, Jorge
Meza Cueto, Liliana
Vinaccia Alpi, Stefano
Mendoza Stave, Fabián José
Cárdenas Mercado, Ricardo
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13416
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13416
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
IQ
Autism
Anxiety
Childhood
Attention deficit
Coeficiente intelectual
Autismo
Ansiedad
Infancia
Déficit de atención
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_74f6d8a9712183d2d4d1a2e1dfabfee0
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13416
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Problemas del espectro autista, déficit de atención, sintomatología ansiosa y coeficiente intelectual en niños de 2 a 5 años
title Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
spellingShingle Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
IQ
Autism
Anxiety
Childhood
Attention deficit
Coeficiente intelectual
Autismo
Ansiedad
Infancia
Déficit de atención
title_short Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
title_full Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
title_fullStr Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
title_full_unstemmed Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
title_sort Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Vergara Álvarez, María Laura
Ramírez, Andrés Fernando
Navarro-Obeid, Jorge
Meza Cueto, Liliana
Vinaccia Alpi, Stefano
Mendoza Stave, Fabián José
Cárdenas Mercado, Ricardo
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Vergara Álvarez, María Laura
Ramírez, Andrés Fernando
Navarro-Obeid, Jorge
Meza Cueto, Liliana
Vinaccia Alpi, Stefano
Mendoza Stave, Fabián José
Cárdenas Mercado, Ricardo
dc.subject.proposal.none.fl_str_mv IQ
Autism
Anxiety
Childhood
Attention deficit
Coeficiente intelectual
Autismo
Ansiedad
Infancia
Déficit de atención
topic IQ
Autism
Anxiety
Childhood
Attention deficit
Coeficiente intelectual
Autismo
Ansiedad
Infancia
Déficit de atención
description The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms, and IQ in children aged 2 to 5 years, through a quantitative correlational methodology. The sample consisted of 189 children and their parents and/ or caregivers belonging to child development centers and children’s homes in the city of Sincelejo, Colombia. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Preschool and elementary school children - WPPSI IV and the Child Behavior Check List - CBCL were applied. The main result was that in the Pearson correlation coefficient, anxious symptomatology and attention deficit were not related to any IQ index, while autism spectrum problems were related to the processing speed index (-0.282*).
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-01T14:29:37Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-10-01T14:29:37Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Vergara Álvarez, M. L. ., Fernando Ramírez, A. ., Navarro-Obeid, J. ., Meza Cueto, L. ., Vinaccia Alpi, S., Mendoza Stave, F. J., & Cárdenas Mercado, R. (2023). Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 131(S3). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/26530
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 0367- 4762
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13416
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.47307/GMC.2023.131.s3.5
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Vergara Álvarez, M. L. ., Fernando Ramírez, A. ., Navarro-Obeid, J. ., Meza Cueto, L. ., Vinaccia Alpi, S., Mendoza Stave, F. J., & Cárdenas Mercado, R. (2023). Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 131(S3). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/26530
0367- 4762
10.47307/GMC.2023.131.s3.5
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13416
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Gaceta Medica de Caracas
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv 1. Myers R. The twelve who survive: Strengthening early childhood development programs in the third world. Pan American Health Organization. Washington D.C. USA. Scientific Publication 545. 1996;431.
2. Wechsler D. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence. 4th edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1958:49-58.
3. Jaraba R, Ruiz U, Navarro-Obeid J. Measuring emotional perception and emotional perception in children with ADHD and ODD. Book Eight Mental Health Studies. 2019;73-95.
4. Meza Cueto L, Palacio Sañudo J, Navarro-Obeid J, Vergara Álvarez M, Navarro D. Differences in the levels of adaptation, social support, and family functionality according to the sex, age, and school grade of children and adolescents affected by winter in Sucre, Colombia. Gac Méd Caracas. 2022;130(3S):S503-S513.
5. Acosta Mesa E, Alean Pico A, Prieto Flórez J, Tordecilla V. Sucre in some figures and basic data. Book Notes on Law and Justice in a globalized world, 2020:13-21.
6. Virues-Ortega J, Rodríguez V, Yu C. Prediction of treatment outcomes and longitudinal analysis in children with autism undergoing intensive behavioral intervention. Internat J Clin Health Psychol. 2013;13(2):91-100.
7. Manterola A, Avendaño Bertoló A, Valenzuela Yuraidini C, Avendaño P, Cotroneo J. Neurological examination and school performance: correlations at seven years Deadline. Rev Chil Pediatr. 1989:157- 165.
8. Ochoa-Martínez L, Díaz- Neri N. Implementation of a digital narrative to facilitate the learning of fractions in elementary school. J Res Develop Innov 2021;11(3): 533-544.
9. Egger HL, Angold A. Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 2006;47(3-4):313-337.
10. Carter S. The field of toddler/preschool mental health has arrived--on a global scale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat. 2010;49:1181-1182.
11. Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Harder VS, Ang RP, Bilenberg N, et al. Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: Testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5–5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych. 2010;49(12):1215-1224.
12. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Facts and statistics on autism spectrum disorder. 2020.
13. CarterBlackS,TewaniConnollyH. Tager-Flusberg R. Sex differences in young children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Develop Dis. 2007;37:86-97.
14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic criteria reference guide the DSM-5. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2013.
15. Matson JL, Shoemaker M. Intellectual disability and its relationship to autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2009;30(6):1107-1114.
16. Mayes D, Calhoun L, Murray J, Morrow J, Yurich, Mahr F, Petersen C. Comparison of scores on the checklist for autism spectrum disorder, childhood autism rating scale, and gilliam asperger’s disorder scale for children with low functioning autism, high functioning autism, Asperger’s disorder, ADHD, and typical development. J Autism Develop Disorders. 2009;39(12):1682-1693.
17. Bartak L, Rutter M. Differences between mentally retarded and normally intelligent autistic children. J Autism Childhood Schizophrenia. 1976;6:109-120.
18. Mayes S, Calhoun S. Impact of IQ, age, SES, gender, and race on autistic symptoms. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2009;5(2):749-757.
19. Matson, J Shoemaker M. Intellectual disability and its relationship to autism spectrum disorders. Res Develop Disabil. 2009;30(6):1107-1114.
20. Bishop S, Richler J, Lord C. Association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and nonverbal IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychol. 2006;12(4-5):247-267.
21. Lord C, Schopler E. Stability of assessment results of autistic and non-autistic language-impaired children from preschool years to early school age. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 1989;30(4):575-590.
22. Solomon M, Iosif A, Reinhardt V, Libero L, Nordahl C, Ozonoff S. What will my child’s future hold? Phenotypes of intellectual development in 2-8 yearolds with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2018;11:121-132.
23. Duffy C, Healy O. Spontaneous communication in autism spectrum disorder: A review of topographies and interventions. Res Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2011;5(3):977-983.
24. Kaland N. Brief report: Should Asperger syndrome be excluded from the forthcoming DSMV? Res Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2011;5(3):984-989.
25. Mazurek M. The history of comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder. In: Matson JL, editor. Comorbid conditions among children with autism spectrum disorders. Lousiana: Springer; 2016.p.3-27.
26. Martos-Pérez J, Freire-Prudencio S, Llorente-Comí M, Ayuda-Pascual R, González-Navarro A. Autism and IQ: stability? Rev Neurol. 2018;66(Supl 1):S39-44.
27. Bate AJ, Mathias JL, Crawford JR. Performance of the Test of Everyday Attention and standard tests of attention following severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;15:405-422.
28. Barkley R. The Nature of ADHD. In: Barkley RA, editor. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (third.). New York: Guilford Press; 2006.
29. Bernal-Pinzón M. ¿What do children write, a view from the new school model. Rev Inves Desarr Innov. 2017;7(2):255-268.
30. Al-Salehi SM, Al-Hifthy EH, Ghaziuddin M. Autism in Saudi Arabia: presentation, clinical correlates, and comorbidity. Transcultural Psychiat. 2009;46(2):340- 347.
31. Travers B, Bigler E, Tromp D, Alduru N, Froelich A, Ennis C. Longitudinal processing speed impairments in males with autism and the effects of white matter microstructure. Neuropyschologia. 2014;53:137-145.
32. Whalen DJ, Sylvester CM, Luby JL. Depression and anxiety in preschoolers: A review of the past 7 years. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clin. 2017;26(3):503-522.
33. Arroyo-Alvis K, Allegri R, Barcelo E. Brain training with neurofeedback in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A review study. Gac Méd Caracas. 2022;130(3S):S524-S525.
34. Billeiter K, Froiland J. Diversity of intelligence is the norm within the autism spectrum: Full-scale intelligence scores among children with ASD. Child Psychiat Human Development. 2022:1-8.
35. Shamir-Essakow G, Ungerer J.A, Rapee RM. Attachment, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety in preschool children. J Abnormal Child Psychol. 2005;3:131-143.
36. Battaglia C, Cuevas A, De Wolf S. High-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: status and perspectives. Energy Environm Sci. 2016;9(5):1552-1576.
37. Franco M. Mental and Behavioral Disorders in Mental Retardation. Assessment and Intervention. Zamora: Edintras; 1998.
38. Menolascino F. Psychiatric disorders in the mentally retarded: Types, problems, and challenges. Am J Psychiat. 1982;139(10):1297-1303.
39. Bollini S, Gentili C, Tasso R, Cancedda R. The regenerative role of the fetal and adult stem cell secretome. J Clin Med. 2013;2(4):302-327.
40. Ayuso J, Martorell A, Novell R, Salvador-Carulla L, Tamarit J. Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: A Practical Guide. Madrid. 2007.
41. Weems C F, Costa N M, Watts S E, Taylor L K, Cannon M F. Cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs: Their unique and specific associations with childhood anxiety symptoms. Behavior Modification. 2007; 31(2): 174-201.
42. Achenbach M, Rescorla A. Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families. 2000.
43. Hernández R, Fernández C, Baptista P. Research Design. México: ediciones Mc. Graw Hill; 2014.
44. Merchán-Naranjo J, Boada, del Rey-Mejías Á, Mayoral M, Llorente C, Arango C, Parellada M. Executive function is impaired in autism spectrum disorders, but this does not correlate with intelligence. J Psych Mental Health. 2016;9(1):39-50.
45. Wechsler D. WISC-IV technical and interpretive manual. Psychological Corporation, 2003.
46. Ogiwara H, Takahashi O. Changes in developmental and intelligence quotients in children with autism. Japan J Child Adolesc Psychiat. 2005;46(4):439-448.
47. Oliveras-Rentas R, Kenworthy L, Roberson R, Martin A, Wallace G. WISC-IV profile in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: impaired processing speed is associated with increased autism communication symptoms and decreased adaptive communication abilities. J Autism Develop Dis. 2012;42(5):655-664.
48. Peña P, Suárez I, Rodríguez V, Santana G, Expósito S. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have deficits in Executive Functions. J Child Adolesc Psychiat. 2016;33(3):385-396.
49. Billeiter K, Froiland J. Diversity of Intelligence is the Norm Within the Autism Spectrum: Full-Scale Intelligence Scores Among Children with ASD. Child Psych Human Develop. 2022:1-8.
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dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
© Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 9 páginas
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Academia Nacional de Medicina
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Venezuela
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Academia Nacional de Medicina
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/26530
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Vergara Álvarez, María LauraRamírez, Andrés FernandoNavarro-Obeid, JorgeMeza Cueto, LilianaVinaccia Alpi, StefanoMendoza Stave, Fabián JoséCárdenas Mercado, Ricardo2024-10-01T14:29:37Z2024-10-01T14:29:37Z2023Vergara Álvarez, M. L. ., Fernando Ramírez, A. ., Navarro-Obeid, J. ., Meza Cueto, L. ., Vinaccia Alpi, S., Mendoza Stave, F. J., & Cárdenas Mercado, R. (2023). Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 years. Gaceta Médica De Caracas, 131(S3). Recuperado a partir de http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/265300367- 4762https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1341610.47307/GMC.2023.131.s3.5Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms, and IQ in children aged 2 to 5 years, through a quantitative correlational methodology. The sample consisted of 189 children and their parents and/ or caregivers belonging to child development centers and children’s homes in the city of Sincelejo, Colombia. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Preschool and elementary school children - WPPSI IV and the Child Behavior Check List - CBCL were applied. The main result was that in the Pearson correlation coefficient, anxious symptomatology and attention deficit were not related to any IQ index, while autism spectrum problems were related to the processing speed index (-0.282*).El objetivo del estudio consistió en establecer la relación entre problemas del espectro autista, déficit de atención, sintomatología ansiosa y coeficiente intelectual en niños de 2 a 5 años, a través de una metodología cuantitativa de tipo correlacional. La muestra fue de 189 niños y sus padres de familia y/o cuidadores pertenecientes a centros de desarrollo infantil y hogares infantiles de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Colombia. Se aplicó la Escala de Inteligencia Wechsler para preescolares y primarios – WPPSI IV y el Child Behavior Check List – CBCL. Como resultado principal sé obtuvo que en el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson la sintomatología ansiosa y el déficit de atención no se relacionaron con ningún índice del coeficiente intelectual, mientras que, los problemas del espectro autista se relacionaron con el índice de velocidad de procesamiento (-0,282*).9 páginasapplication/pdfengAcademia Nacional de MedicinaVenezuelahttp://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_gmc/article/view/26530Autism spectrum problems, attention deficit, anxiety symptoms and IQ in children from 2 to 5 yearsProblemas del espectro autista, déficit de atención, sintomatología ansiosa y coeficiente intelectual en niños de 2 a 5 añosArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Gaceta Medica de Caracas1. Myers R. The twelve who survive: Strengthening early childhood development programs in the third world. Pan American Health Organization. Washington D.C. USA. Scientific Publication 545. 1996;431.2. Wechsler D. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence. 4th edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1958:49-58.3. Jaraba R, Ruiz U, Navarro-Obeid J. Measuring emotional perception and emotional perception in children with ADHD and ODD. Book Eight Mental Health Studies. 2019;73-95.4. Meza Cueto L, Palacio Sañudo J, Navarro-Obeid J, Vergara Álvarez M, Navarro D. Differences in the levels of adaptation, social support, and family functionality according to the sex, age, and school grade of children and adolescents affected by winter in Sucre, Colombia. Gac Méd Caracas. 2022;130(3S):S503-S513.5. Acosta Mesa E, Alean Pico A, Prieto Flórez J, Tordecilla V. Sucre in some figures and basic data. Book Notes on Law and Justice in a globalized world, 2020:13-21.6. Virues-Ortega J, Rodríguez V, Yu C. Prediction of treatment outcomes and longitudinal analysis in children with autism undergoing intensive behavioral intervention. Internat J Clin Health Psychol. 2013;13(2):91-100.7. Manterola A, Avendaño Bertoló A, Valenzuela Yuraidini C, Avendaño P, Cotroneo J. Neurological examination and school performance: correlations at seven years Deadline. Rev Chil Pediatr. 1989:157- 165.8. Ochoa-Martínez L, Díaz- Neri N. Implementation of a digital narrative to facilitate the learning of fractions in elementary school. J Res Develop Innov 2021;11(3): 533-544.9. Egger HL, Angold A. Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 2006;47(3-4):313-337.10. Carter S. The field of toddler/preschool mental health has arrived--on a global scale. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiat. 2010;49:1181-1182.11. Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Rescorla LA, Harder VS, Ang RP, Bilenberg N, et al. Preschool psychopathology reported by parents in 23 societies: Testing the seven-syndrome model of the child behavior checklist for ages 1.5–5. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psych. 2010;49(12):1215-1224.12. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Facts and statistics on autism spectrum disorder. 2020.13. CarterBlackS,TewaniConnollyH. Tager-Flusberg R. Sex differences in young children with autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Develop Dis. 2007;37:86-97.14. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic criteria reference guide the DSM-5. Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2013.15. Matson JL, Shoemaker M. Intellectual disability and its relationship to autism spectrum disorders. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2009;30(6):1107-1114.16. Mayes D, Calhoun L, Murray J, Morrow J, Yurich, Mahr F, Petersen C. Comparison of scores on the checklist for autism spectrum disorder, childhood autism rating scale, and gilliam asperger’s disorder scale for children with low functioning autism, high functioning autism, Asperger’s disorder, ADHD, and typical development. J Autism Develop Disorders. 2009;39(12):1682-1693.17. Bartak L, Rutter M. Differences between mentally retarded and normally intelligent autistic children. J Autism Childhood Schizophrenia. 1976;6:109-120.18. Mayes S, Calhoun S. Impact of IQ, age, SES, gender, and race on autistic symptoms. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2009;5(2):749-757.19. Matson, J Shoemaker M. Intellectual disability and its relationship to autism spectrum disorders. Res Develop Disabil. 2009;30(6):1107-1114.20. Bishop S, Richler J, Lord C. Association between restricted and repetitive behaviors and nonverbal IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychol. 2006;12(4-5):247-267.21. Lord C, Schopler E. Stability of assessment results of autistic and non-autistic language-impaired children from preschool years to early school age. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 1989;30(4):575-590.22. Solomon M, Iosif A, Reinhardt V, Libero L, Nordahl C, Ozonoff S. What will my child’s future hold? Phenotypes of intellectual development in 2-8 yearolds with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res. 2018;11:121-132.23. Duffy C, Healy O. Spontaneous communication in autism spectrum disorder: A review of topographies and interventions. Res Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2011;5(3):977-983.24. Kaland N. Brief report: Should Asperger syndrome be excluded from the forthcoming DSMV? Res Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2011;5(3):984-989.25. Mazurek M. The history of comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder. In: Matson JL, editor. Comorbid conditions among children with autism spectrum disorders. Lousiana: Springer; 2016.p.3-27.26. Martos-Pérez J, Freire-Prudencio S, Llorente-Comí M, Ayuda-Pascual R, González-Navarro A. Autism and IQ: stability? Rev Neurol. 2018;66(Supl 1):S39-44.27. Bate AJ, Mathias JL, Crawford JR. Performance of the Test of Everyday Attention and standard tests of attention following severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;15:405-422.28. Barkley R. The Nature of ADHD. In: Barkley RA, editor. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment (third.). New York: Guilford Press; 2006.29. Bernal-Pinzón M. ¿What do children write, a view from the new school model. Rev Inves Desarr Innov. 2017;7(2):255-268.30. Al-Salehi SM, Al-Hifthy EH, Ghaziuddin M. Autism in Saudi Arabia: presentation, clinical correlates, and comorbidity. Transcultural Psychiat. 2009;46(2):340- 347.31. Travers B, Bigler E, Tromp D, Alduru N, Froelich A, Ennis C. Longitudinal processing speed impairments in males with autism and the effects of white matter microstructure. Neuropyschologia. 2014;53:137-145.32. Whalen DJ, Sylvester CM, Luby JL. 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Diversity of Intelligence is the Norm Within the Autism Spectrum: Full-Scale Intelligence Scores Among Children with ASD. 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
