A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect
Currently, energy demand and environmental pollution have boosted the evolution of different environment friendly technologies for the development of clean and renewable energies. That is why scientific research allows us to demonstrate the use of solid state based devices implementing temperature c...
- Autores:
-
Mardini Bovea, johan David
Torres-Díaz, Gabriel
Sabau, Marian
De la Hoz, Emiro
Pacheco Torres, Pedro Jessid
- Tipo de recurso:
- Part of book
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/3189
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/3189
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- thermoelectric energy
refrigeration
Peltier effect
Peltier cell
energía termoeléctrica
refrigeración
efecto Peltier
celda Peltier
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Una revisión a la refrigeración con energía termoeléctrica basada en el efecto Peltier |
title |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
spellingShingle |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect thermoelectric energy refrigeration Peltier effect Peltier cell energía termoeléctrica refrigeración efecto Peltier celda Peltier |
title_short |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
title_full |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
title_fullStr |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
title_full_unstemmed |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
title_sort |
A review to refrigeration with thermoelectric energy based on the Peltier effect |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Mardini Bovea, johan David Torres-Díaz, Gabriel Sabau, Marian De la Hoz, Emiro Pacheco Torres, Pedro Jessid |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mardini Bovea, johan David Torres-Díaz, Gabriel Sabau, Marian De la Hoz, Emiro Pacheco Torres, Pedro Jessid |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
thermoelectric energy refrigeration Peltier effect Peltier cell energía termoeléctrica refrigeración efecto Peltier celda Peltier |
topic |
thermoelectric energy refrigeration Peltier effect Peltier cell energía termoeléctrica refrigeración efecto Peltier celda Peltier |
description |
Currently, energy demand and environmental pollution have boosted the evolution of different environment friendly technologies for the development of clean and renewable energies. That is why scientific research allows us to demonstrate the use of solid state based devices implementing temperature changes by electric induction. Given the above, a combined thermic generation system is taken into consideration, consisting in an environmentally friendly thermoelectric generator and refrigerator, wich is fueled and controlled by an electric fluid. Therefore, this study gives an approch and mathematic demonstrations to the concepts of greater relevance about the thermoelectric device and the effects of greater incidence, responsible for giving advantageous characteristics to the implementation of Peltier cells as a basic device in a cooling system for smaller applications, maintaining an ecological system, clean and without detrimental effects to the ozone layer, since there is no C02 emissions into the atmosphere. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-05-03T14:46:47Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-05-03T14:46:47Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-01-31 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Capítulo - Parte de Libro |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/CAP_LIB |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2346-2183 |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/3189 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
2346-2183 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/3189 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n208.72589 |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
[1] Ožbolt, M., Kitanovski, A., Tušek, J. and Poredoš, A. Electrocaloric refrigeration: thermodynamics, state of the art and future perspectives. International Journal of Refrigeration, 40, pp. 174-188, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.11.007 [2] Hermes, C.J. and Barbosa, J.R., Thermodynamic comparison of Peltier, Stirling, and vapor compression portable coolers. Applied Energy, 91(1), pp. 51-58, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.043 [3] Uchida, K.I., Adachi, H., Kikkawa, T., Kirihara, A., Ishida, M., Yorozu, S., Maekawa, S. and Saitoh, E., Thermoelectric generation based on spin Seebeck effects. Proceedings of the IEEE, 104(10), pp. 1946-1973, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2535167 [4] Boukai, A.I., Bunimovich, Y., Tahir-Kheli, J., Yu, J.K., Goddard III, W.A. and Heath, J.R., Silicon nanowires as efficient thermoelectric materials. Nature, 451(7175), pp. 168-171, 2008. DOI: 10.1038/nature06458 [5] Jakhar, N., Baheti, N., Gurjar, M.C. and Sharma, P., Model development of refrigerator and heater based on Peltier module and Fresnel lens. In International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). Jaipur, India, IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-4. DOI: 10.1109/ICRAIE.2016.7939500 [6] Peltier, J.C., Nouvelles expériences sur la caloricité des courants électrique. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (in French), [online]. 56, pp. 371-386, 1834. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=1Jc5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA371 &redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false [7] Dell, E.J., Capozzi, B., Xia, J., Venkataraman, L. and Campos, L.M., Molecular length dictates the nature of charge carriers in singlemolecule junctions of oxidized oligothiophenes. Nature Chemistry, 7(3), pp. 209-214, 2015. DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2160 [8] Nonoguchi, Y., Ohashi, K., Kanazawa, R., Ashiba, K., Hata, K., Nakagawa, T. and Kawai, T., Systematic conversion of single walled carbon nanotubes into n-type thermoelectric materials by molecular dopants. Scientific Reports, 3(1), pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1038/srep03344 [9] Astrain, D., Vián, J.G. and Albizua, J., Computational model for refrigerators based on Peltier effect application. Applied Thermal Engineering, 25(17), pp. 3149-3162, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.04.003 [10] Lan, Y. and Ren, Z., Thermoelectric nanocomposites for thermal energy conversion. In Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 371-443. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319- 32023-6_11 [11] Zhao, D. and Tan, G., A review of thermoelectric cooling: materials, modeling and applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 66(1), pp. 15-24, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.074 [12] Manterola, C,. Astudillo, P., Arias, E. and Claros, N., ‘Systematic reviews of the literature: what should be known about them, Cirugía Española, 91(3), pp. 149-155, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.07.009. [13] García-Pérez, L. et al., ‘Systematic review of health-related utilities in Spain: the case of mental health, Gaceta Sanitaria,. 28(1), pp. 77-83, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.04.006. [14] Merlano-Porras, C.A. and Gorbanev, L., ‘Health system in Colombia: a systematic review of literature. Revista Gerencia Políticas Salud, 12(24), pp. 74-86, 2013. [15] Kitchenham, B., Brereton, O.P., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Bailey, J. and Linkman, S., Systematic literature reviews in software engineering — A systematic literature review, Inf. Softw. Technol., 51(1), pp. 7-15, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009 [16] De-La-Hoz-Franco, E., Ariza-Colpas, P., Quero, J.M. and Espinilla, M., Sensor-based datasets for human activity recognition – A systematic review of literature, in IEEE Access, 6, pp. 59192-59210, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873502. [17] Elsevier. Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books, 2017 [Accessed August 29, 2017]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ [18] Yilbas, B.S. and Sahin, A.Z., Thermal characteristics of combined thermoelectric generator and refrigeration cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 83, pp. 42-47, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.067 [19] Lineykin, S. and Ben-Yaakov, S., Modeling and analysis of thermoelectric modules. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 43(2), pp. 505-512, 2007. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2006.889813 [20] Julio-Betancourt, G.A. and Hooton, R.D., Study of the Joule effect on rapid chloride permeability values and evaluation of related electrical properties of concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(6), pp. 1007-1015, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.012 [21] Kehlberger, A., Ritzmann, U., Hinzke, D., Guo, E.J., Cramer, J., Jakob, G. and Hillebrands, B., Length scale of the spin Seebeck effect. Physical Review Letters, 115(9), pp. 1-5, 2015. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.096602 [22] Herranz-Pindado, R., Climatización mediante células Peltier. Tesis, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, España, [en líena]. 2008, 237 P. Disponible en: http://docplayer.es/50941461-Climatizacion-mediante-celulaspeltier.html [23] Sandoval, A.P., Espinosa, E. and Barahona, J.L., Celdas Peltier: una alternativa para sistemas de enfriamiento con base en semiconductor. 11° Foro Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, 2008, pp. 158-161. [24] Das, S.K., Putra, N., Thiesen, P. and Roetzel, W., Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids. Journal of Heat Transfer, 125(4), pp. 567-574, 2003. DOI: 10.1115/1.1571080 [25] Xu, Y., Gan, Z. and Zhang, S.C., Enhanced thermoelectric performance and anomalous Seebeck effects in topological insulators. Physical Review Letters, 112(22), pp. 1-5, 2014. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.226801 [26] Bulusu, A. and Walker, D. G. Review of electronic transport models for thermoelectric materials. Superlattices and Microstructures, 44 (1), pp. 1-36, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.spmi.2008.02.008 [27] Block, H. and Walker, S.M., A modification of the onsager theory for a dielectric. Chemical Physics Letters, 19(3), pp. 363-364, 1973. DOI: [28] Ohnuma, Y., Matsuo, M. and Maekawa, S., Theory of spin Peltier effect. Physical Review B, 96(13), pp. 1-4, 2017. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134412 [29] Meca-Meca, F. y Jiménez-Calvo, J., Horno-nevera basado en células Peltier para el ensayo térmico de dispositivos electrónicos. España, Escuela Politécnica Universidad de Alcalá, [en línea]. 2004, 10 P. Disponible en: http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/taee:congreso-2004- 1139/SP108.pdf [30] Patterson, G. and Sobral, M., Efecto Peltier. Argentina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Física FCEyN, [en línea]. 2007, 4 P. Disponible en: http://materias.df.uba.ar/labo4aa2014c1/files/2012/07/EfectoPeltier.pdf [31] Chen, J., Yan, Z. and Wu, L., The influence of Thomson effect on the maximum power output and maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric generator. Journal of Applied Physics, 79(11), pp. 8823-8828, 1996. DOI: 10.1063/1.362507 [32] Mannella, G.A., La Carrubba, V. and Brucato, V., Peltier cells as temperature control elements: experimental characterization and modeling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 63(1), pp. 234-245, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.10.069 [33] Elsheikh, M.H., Shnawah, D.A., Sabri, M.F.M., Said, S.B.M., Hassan, M.H., Bashir, M.B.A. and Mohamad, M., A review on thermoelectric renewable energy: principle parameters that affect their performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 30, pp. 337-355, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.027 [34] Snyder, G.J. and Ursell, T.S., Thermoelectric efficiency and compatibility. Physical Review Letters, 91(14), pp. 1-4, 2003. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.148301 |
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Mardini Bovea, johan DavidTorres-Díaz, GabrielSabau, MarianDe la Hoz, EmiroPacheco Torres, Pedro Jessid2019-05-03T14:46:47Z2019-05-03T14:46:47Z2019-01-312346-2183https://hdl.handle.net/11323/3189Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Currently, energy demand and environmental pollution have boosted the evolution of different environment friendly technologies for the development of clean and renewable energies. That is why scientific research allows us to demonstrate the use of solid state based devices implementing temperature changes by electric induction. Given the above, a combined thermic generation system is taken into consideration, consisting in an environmentally friendly thermoelectric generator and refrigerator, wich is fueled and controlled by an electric fluid. Therefore, this study gives an approch and mathematic demonstrations to the concepts of greater relevance about the thermoelectric device and the effects of greater incidence, responsible for giving advantageous characteristics to the implementation of Peltier cells as a basic device in a cooling system for smaller applications, maintaining an ecological system, clean and without detrimental effects to the ozone layer, since there is no C02 emissions into the atmosphere.En la actualidad la demanda de energía y la contaminación ambiental conlleva a la conciencia de la evolución de distintas tecnologías amigables con el medio ambiente para el desarrollo de energías limpias y renovables, es por esto que la investigación científica nos permite demostrar el uso de dispositivos basados en estado sólido para la implementación de cambios de temperatura basados a partir de inducción de electricidad. Dado lo anterior es considerado un sistema de generación térmico combinado, el cual consiste en un generador termoeléctrico y refrigerador, lo cual es amigable con el medio ambiente siendo alimentado y controlado por fluido eléctrico. Por ende, el siguiente estudio da un acercamiento y demostraciones matemáticas a los conceptos de mayor relevancia sobre el dispositivo termoeléctrico y los efectos de mayor incidencia que son responsables de dar características ventajosas a la implementación de celdas de Peltier como dispositivo base para un sistema de enfriamiento en aplicaciones en tamaño reducido, manteniendo un sistema ecológico, limpio y sin efectos de degradantes a la capa de ozono por la emisión de C02 en la atmosfera.Mardini Bovea, johan David-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-6609-1687-600Torres-Díaz, Gabriel-d8675bb8-a652-451c-a1d4-efd75d094684-0Sabau, Marian-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-6595-2323-0De la Hoz, Emiro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-4926-7414-600Pacheco Torres, Pedro Jessid-0d45051d-9adc-400a-bfae-34563ec589f5-0engDYNAhttps://doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v86n208.72589[1] Ožbolt, M., Kitanovski, A., Tušek, J. and Poredoš, A. Electrocaloric refrigeration: thermodynamics, state of the art and future perspectives. International Journal of Refrigeration, 40, pp. 174-188, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.11.007 [2] Hermes, C.J. and Barbosa, J.R., Thermodynamic comparison of Peltier, Stirling, and vapor compression portable coolers. Applied Energy, 91(1), pp. 51-58, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.043 [3] Uchida, K.I., Adachi, H., Kikkawa, T., Kirihara, A., Ishida, M., Yorozu, S., Maekawa, S. and Saitoh, E., Thermoelectric generation based on spin Seebeck effects. Proceedings of the IEEE, 104(10), pp. 1946-1973, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2535167 [4] Boukai, A.I., Bunimovich, Y., Tahir-Kheli, J., Yu, J.K., Goddard III, W.A. and Heath, J.R., Silicon nanowires as efficient thermoelectric materials. Nature, 451(7175), pp. 168-171, 2008. DOI: 10.1038/nature06458 [5] Jakhar, N., Baheti, N., Gurjar, M.C. and Sharma, P., Model development of refrigerator and heater based on Peltier module and Fresnel lens. In International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). Jaipur, India, IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-4. DOI: 10.1109/ICRAIE.2016.7939500 [6] Peltier, J.C., Nouvelles expériences sur la caloricité des courants électrique. Annales de Chimie et de Physique (in French), [online]. 56, pp. 371-386, 1834. Available at: https://books.google.com.co/books?id=1Jc5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA371 &redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false [7] Dell, E.J., Capozzi, B., Xia, J., Venkataraman, L. and Campos, L.M., Molecular length dictates the nature of charge carriers in singlemolecule junctions of oxidized oligothiophenes. Nature Chemistry, 7(3), pp. 209-214, 2015. DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2160 [8] Nonoguchi, Y., Ohashi, K., Kanazawa, R., Ashiba, K., Hata, K., Nakagawa, T. and Kawai, T., Systematic conversion of single walled carbon nanotubes into n-type thermoelectric materials by molecular dopants. Scientific Reports, 3(1), pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1038/srep03344 [9] Astrain, D., Vián, J.G. and Albizua, J., Computational model for refrigerators based on Peltier effect application. Applied Thermal Engineering, 25(17), pp. 3149-3162, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.04.003 [10] Lan, Y. and Ren, Z., Thermoelectric nanocomposites for thermal energy conversion. In Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2016, pp. 371-443. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319- 32023-6_11 [11] Zhao, D. and Tan, G., A review of thermoelectric cooling: materials, modeling and applications. Applied Thermal Engineering, 66(1), pp. 15-24, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.074 [12] Manterola, C,. Astudillo, P., Arias, E. and Claros, N., ‘Systematic reviews of the literature: what should be known about them, Cirugía Española, 91(3), pp. 149-155, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2011.07.009. [13] García-Pérez, L. et al., ‘Systematic review of health-related utilities in Spain: the case of mental health, Gaceta Sanitaria,. 28(1), pp. 77-83, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2013.04.006. [14] Merlano-Porras, C.A. and Gorbanev, L., ‘Health system in Colombia: a systematic review of literature. Revista Gerencia Políticas Salud, 12(24), pp. 74-86, 2013. [15] Kitchenham, B., Brereton, O.P., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Bailey, J. and Linkman, S., Systematic literature reviews in software engineering — A systematic literature review, Inf. Softw. Technol., 51(1), pp. 7-15, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009 [16] De-La-Hoz-Franco, E., Ariza-Colpas, P., Quero, J.M. and Espinilla, M., Sensor-based datasets for human activity recognition – A systematic review of literature, in IEEE Access, 6, pp. 59192-59210, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2873502. [17] Elsevier. Science, health and medical journals, full text articles and books, 2017 [Accessed August 29, 2017]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ [18] Yilbas, B.S. and Sahin, A.Z., Thermal characteristics of combined thermoelectric generator and refrigeration cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 83, pp. 42-47, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.067 [19] Lineykin, S. and Ben-Yaakov, S., Modeling and analysis of thermoelectric modules. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 43(2), pp. 505-512, 2007. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2006.889813 [20] Julio-Betancourt, G.A. and Hooton, R.D., Study of the Joule effect on rapid chloride permeability values and evaluation of related electrical properties of concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(6), pp. 1007-1015, 2004. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.012 [21] Kehlberger, A., Ritzmann, U., Hinzke, D., Guo, E.J., Cramer, J., Jakob, G. and Hillebrands, B., Length scale of the spin Seebeck effect. Physical Review Letters, 115(9), pp. 1-5, 2015. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.096602 [22] Herranz-Pindado, R., Climatización mediante células Peltier. Tesis, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, España, [en líena]. 2008, 237 P. Disponible en: http://docplayer.es/50941461-Climatizacion-mediante-celulaspeltier.html [23] Sandoval, A.P., Espinosa, E. and Barahona, J.L., Celdas Peltier: una alternativa para sistemas de enfriamiento con base en semiconductor. 11° Foro Estatal de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, 2008, pp. 158-161. [24] Das, S.K., Putra, N., Thiesen, P. and Roetzel, W., Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity enhancement for nanofluids. Journal of Heat Transfer, 125(4), pp. 567-574, 2003. DOI: 10.1115/1.1571080 [25] Xu, Y., Gan, Z. and Zhang, S.C., Enhanced thermoelectric performance and anomalous Seebeck effects in topological insulators. Physical Review Letters, 112(22), pp. 1-5, 2014. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.226801 [26] Bulusu, A. and Walker, D. G. Review of electronic transport models for thermoelectric materials. Superlattices and Microstructures, 44 (1), pp. 1-36, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.spmi.2008.02.008 [27] Block, H. and Walker, S.M., A modification of the onsager theory for a dielectric. Chemical Physics Letters, 19(3), pp. 363-364, 1973. DOI: [28] Ohnuma, Y., Matsuo, M. and Maekawa, S., Theory of spin Peltier effect. Physical Review B, 96(13), pp. 1-4, 2017. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.134412 [29] Meca-Meca, F. y Jiménez-Calvo, J., Horno-nevera basado en células Peltier para el ensayo térmico de dispositivos electrónicos. España, Escuela Politécnica Universidad de Alcalá, [en línea]. 2004, 10 P. Disponible en: http://e-spacio.uned.es/fez/eserv/taee:congreso-2004- 1139/SP108.pdf [30] Patterson, G. and Sobral, M., Efecto Peltier. Argentina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Física FCEyN, [en línea]. 2007, 4 P. 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