Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays

This study focuses on the removal of phenol from aqueous media using Agouraï clay (Fes-Meknes-Morocco region) and Geulmima clay (Draa Tafilalet region). The characterization of the clay by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET), Scanning Electron...

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Autores:
Dehmani, Younes
Dison S.P., Franco
georgin, jordana
Lamhasni, Taibi
Brahmi, Younes
Oukhrib, Rachid
Mustapha, Belfaquir
Moussout, Hamou
Ouallal, Hassan
Sadik, Abouarnadasse
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10510
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10510
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Phenol adsorption
Different clays
Adsorption mechanism
Physics-statistics modeling
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openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_69942d35312d22d01ccf6640924971ef
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10510
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
title Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
spellingShingle Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
Phenol adsorption
Different clays
Adsorption mechanism
Physics-statistics modeling
title_short Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
title_full Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
title_fullStr Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
title_sort Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan clays
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Dehmani, Younes
Dison S.P., Franco
georgin, jordana
Lamhasni, Taibi
Brahmi, Younes
Oukhrib, Rachid
Mustapha, Belfaquir
Moussout, Hamou
Ouallal, Hassan
Sadik, Abouarnadasse
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Dehmani, Younes
Dison S.P., Franco
georgin, jordana
Lamhasni, Taibi
Brahmi, Younes
Oukhrib, Rachid
Mustapha, Belfaquir
Moussout, Hamou
Ouallal, Hassan
Sadik, Abouarnadasse
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Phenol adsorption
Different clays
Adsorption mechanism
Physics-statistics modeling
topic Phenol adsorption
Different clays
Adsorption mechanism
Physics-statistics modeling
description This study focuses on the removal of phenol from aqueous media using Agouraï clay (Fes-Meknes-Morocco region) and Geulmima clay (Draa Tafilalet region). The characterization of the clay by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (DTA/GTA) indicates that it is mainly composed of quartz, kaolinite, and illite. The results showed that raw Clay Agourai (RCA) and raw Clay Geulmima (RCG) adsorbed phenol very quickly and reached equilibrium after 30 min. Thermodynamic parameters reveal the physical nature of the adsorption, the spontaneity, and the sequence of the process. However, the structure and structural characterization of the solid before and after phenol adsorption indicated that the mechanism of the reaction was electrostatic and that hydrogen bonding played an important role in RCG, while kinetic modeling showed the pseudo-second-order model dynamics. The physics-statistics modeling was employed for describing the isotherm adsorption for both systems. It was found that the monolayer model with two different energy sites best describes adsorption irrespective of the system. The model indicates that the receptor density of each clay direct influences the adsorption capacity, demonstrating that the composition of the clay is the main source of the difference. Thermodynamic simulations have shown that the adsorption of phenol is spontaneous and endothermic, irrespective of the system. In addition, thermodynamic simulations show that the RCG could be adsorbed even further since the equilibrium was not achieved for any thermodynamic variable. The strength of this study lies in the determination of the adsorption mechanism of phenol on clay materials and the optimum values of temperature and pH.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-22T14:26:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-09-22T14:26:47Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-05-16
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Dehmani, Y.; Franco, D.S.P.; Georgin, J.; Lamhasni, T.; Brahmi, Y.; Oukhrib, R.; Mustapha, B.; Moussout, H.; Ouallal, H.; Sadik, A. Comparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays. Water 2023, 15, 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101881
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10510
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/w15101881
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2073-4441
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Dehmani, Y.; Franco, D.S.P.; Georgin, J.; Lamhasni, T.; Brahmi, Y.; Oukhrib, R.; Mustapha, B.; Moussout, H.; Ouallal, H.; Sadik, A. Comparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays. Water 2023, 15, 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101881
10.3390/w15101881
2073-4441
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10510
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Water
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18. Khalfaoui, M.; Baouab, M.; Gauthier, R.; Ben Lamine, A. Statistical Physics Modelling of Dye Adsorption on Modified Cotton. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 2002, 20, 17–31. [CrossRef]
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20. Khalfaoui, M.; Baouab, M.; Gauthier, R.; Ben Lamine, A. Dye Adsorption by Modified Cotton. Steric and Energetic Interpretations of Model Parameter Behaviours. Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. 2002, 20, 33–47. [CrossRef]
21. Hua, P.; Sellaoui, L.; Franco, D.; Netto, M.S.; Dotto, G.L.; Bajahzar, A.; Belmabrouk, H.; Bonilla-Petriciolet, A.; Li, Z. Adsorption of acid green and procion red on a magnetic geopolymer based adsorbent: Experiments, characterization and theoretical treatment. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 383, 123113. [CrossRef]
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23. Manni, A.; El, A.; El Amrani, I.; Hassani, E.; El, A.; Sadik, C. Valorization of coffee waste with Moroccan clay to produce a porous red ceramics (class BIII), Boletín La Soc. Española Cerámica Y Vidr. 2019, 58, 211–220. [CrossRef]
24. Ba Mohammed, B.; Yamni, K.; Tijani, N.; Lee, H.-S.; Dehmani, Y.; El Hamdani, H.; Alrashdi, A.A.; Ramola, S.; Belwal, T.; Lgaz, H. Enhanced removal efficiency of NaY zeolite toward phenol from aqueous solution by modification with nickel (Ni-NaY). J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2021, 25, 101224. [CrossRef]
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26. Dehmani, Y.; Ed-Dra, A.; Zennouhi, O.; Bouymajane, A.; Filali, F.R.; Nassiri, L.; Abouarnadasse, S. Chemical characterization and adsorption of oil mill wastewater on Moroccan clay in order to be used in the agricultural field. Heliyon 2020, 6, e03164. [CrossRef]
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dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Dehmani, YounesDison S.P., Francogeorgin, jordanaLamhasni, TaibiBrahmi, YounesOukhrib, RachidMustapha, BelfaquirMoussout, HamouOuallal, HassanSadik, Abouarnadasse2023-09-22T14:26:47Z2023-09-22T14:26:47Z2023-05-16Dehmani, Y.; Franco, D.S.P.; Georgin, J.; Lamhasni, T.; Brahmi, Y.; Oukhrib, R.; Mustapha, B.; Moussout, H.; Ouallal, H.; Sadik, A. Comparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays. Water 2023, 15, 1881. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101881https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1051010.3390/w151018812073-4441Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This study focuses on the removal of phenol from aqueous media using Agouraï clay (Fes-Meknes-Morocco region) and Geulmima clay (Draa Tafilalet region). The characterization of the clay by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (DTA/GTA) indicates that it is mainly composed of quartz, kaolinite, and illite. The results showed that raw Clay Agourai (RCA) and raw Clay Geulmima (RCG) adsorbed phenol very quickly and reached equilibrium after 30 min. Thermodynamic parameters reveal the physical nature of the adsorption, the spontaneity, and the sequence of the process. However, the structure and structural characterization of the solid before and after phenol adsorption indicated that the mechanism of the reaction was electrostatic and that hydrogen bonding played an important role in RCG, while kinetic modeling showed the pseudo-second-order model dynamics. The physics-statistics modeling was employed for describing the isotherm adsorption for both systems. It was found that the monolayer model with two different energy sites best describes adsorption irrespective of the system. The model indicates that the receptor density of each clay direct influences the adsorption capacity, demonstrating that the composition of the clay is the main source of the difference. Thermodynamic simulations have shown that the adsorption of phenol is spontaneous and endothermic, irrespective of the system. In addition, thermodynamic simulations show that the RCG could be adsorbed even further since the equilibrium was not achieved for any thermodynamic variable. The strength of this study lies in the determination of the adsorption mechanism of phenol on clay materials and the optimum values of temperature and pH.24 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1881Comparison of phenol adsorption property and mechanism onto different moroccan claysArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Water1. Hasan, M.K.; Shahriar, A.; Jim, K.U. Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. Heliyon 2019, 5, e02145. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Ali, S.N.; El-Shafey, E.; Al-Busafi, S.; Al-Lawati, H.A. Adsorption of chlorpheniramine and ibuprofen on surface functionalized activated carbons from deionized water and spiked hospital wastewater. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2018, 7, 102860. 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[CrossRef]2411015Phenol adsorptionDifferent claysAdsorption mechanismPhysics-statistics modelingPublicationORIGINALComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdfComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf7402081https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae6f3dd5-ccef-46eb-af87-d6eb35aec402/download6b903e8376391b9127d7b5754196b757MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d4d742ec-3f1b-48ce-86f3-2e85e9905b46/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdf.txtComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain92690https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ae68f8b0-a683-47d1-ab17-f57a8c5cd2e0/download0c467c1400c34b26ce50500e4620641cMD53THUMBNAILComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdf.jpgComparison of Phenol Adsorption Property and Mechanism onto Different Moroccan Clays.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15575https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/24a97c03-ae67-40c3-a9f9-a2b45134fbca/download1157e569f15744511a7bf7db0d2b7ccdMD5411323/10510oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/105102024-09-17 14:10:44.881https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 by the authors. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.


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