Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage

This study aimed to assess the cryoprotectant effect of vacuum packaging (35 and 45 kPa) on cold preserved (0 °C and -18 °C) fillets of Yamú (Brycon amazonicus), during 5 days of storage. We analyzed the physicochemical and microbiological changes in the fillets during storage time. Yamú’s water hol...

Full description

Autores:
Castañeda, Daniel
OVANDO, SANDY LUZ
Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Carolina
Suárez Mahecha, Héctor
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6158
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6158
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Yamú fillets
Cold preservation
Vacuum storage
Quality
Physicochemical characteristics
Filés de Yamú
Conservação a frio
Armazenamento a vácuo
Qualidade
Características
Físico-químicas
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_6993e5ac05e2800fa62c23524405b5c6
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/6158
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Efeito da pressão de vácuo na carne de peixe Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) durante o armazenamento refrigerado
title Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
spellingShingle Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
Yamú fillets
Cold preservation
Vacuum storage
Quality
Physicochemical characteristics
Filés de Yamú
Conservação a frio
Armazenamento a vácuo
Qualidade
Características
Físico-químicas
title_short Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
title_full Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
title_fullStr Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
title_full_unstemmed Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
title_sort Effect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storage
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Castañeda, Daniel
OVANDO, SANDY LUZ
Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Carolina
Suárez Mahecha, Héctor
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Castañeda, Daniel
OVANDO, SANDY LUZ
Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Carolina
Suárez Mahecha, Héctor
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Yamú fillets
Cold preservation
Vacuum storage
Quality
Physicochemical characteristics
Filés de Yamú
Conservação a frio
Armazenamento a vácuo
Qualidade
Características
Físico-químicas
topic Yamú fillets
Cold preservation
Vacuum storage
Quality
Physicochemical characteristics
Filés de Yamú
Conservação a frio
Armazenamento a vácuo
Qualidade
Características
Físico-químicas
description This study aimed to assess the cryoprotectant effect of vacuum packaging (35 and 45 kPa) on cold preserved (0 °C and -18 °C) fillets of Yamú (Brycon amazonicus), during 5 days of storage. We analyzed the physicochemical and microbiological changes in the fillets during storage time. Yamú’s water holding capacity, nitrogenated bases content (TVB-N) and texture (N) were affected (p ≤ 0.05) by time and temperature. Bacterial colonies in fillets did not represent a risk for human health after five days of storage. In conclusion, vacuum packing positively (p ≤ 0.05) reduces the effect of cold over Yamú fillets properties.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-09T20:29:25Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-04-09T20:29:25Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1981-6723
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6158
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv | https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.01219
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1981-6723
| https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.01219
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6158
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Anderson, J., Asche, F., Garlock, T., & Chu, J. (2017). Aquaculture: Its role in the future of food. In A. Schmitz, P. L. Kennedy & T. G. Schmitz (Eds.), World agricultural resources and food security (Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Vol. 17, pp. 159-173). Bingley: Emerald. [ Links ]
Ando, M., Nishiyabu, A., Tsukamasa, Y., & Makinodan, Y. (1999). Post‐mortem softening of fish muscle during chilled storage as affected by bleeding. Journal of Food Science, 64(3), 423-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15056.x [ Links ]
Arias, J. (2006). Estado actual del conocimiento sobre el Yamú, Brycon Amazonicus. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 19(2), 9. [ Links ]
Aubourg, S. P., Torres, J. A., Saraiva, J. A., Guerra-Rodríguez, E., & Vázquez, M. (2013). Effect of high-pressure treatments applied before freezing and frozen storage on the functional and sensory properties of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 53(1), 100-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.028 [ Links ]
Barros, I. B. A., Villacorta-Correa, M. A., & Carvalho, T. B. (2019). Stocking density and water temperature as modulators of aggressiveness, survival and zootechnical performance in matrinxã larvae, Brycon amazonicus. Aquaculture, 502, 378-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.070 [ Links ]
Boran, M., & Köse, S. (2007). Storage properties of three types of fried whiting balls at refrigerated temperatures. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7(1), 65-70. [ Links ]
Carlez, A., Veciana-Nogues, T., & Cheftel, J. C. (1995). Changes in colour and myoglobin of minced beef meat due to high pressure processing. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 28(5), 528-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1995.0088 [ Links ]
Castañeda, D., Lozano, J. M., & Suárez, H. (2016). Microstructural changes and the effect on myofibril proteins in Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) fish meat during cold storage. Agronomia Colombiana, 34(3), 403-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.61316 [ Links ]
Chéret, R., Delbarre-Ladrat, C., Lamballerie-Anton, M. D., & Verrez-Bagnis, V. (2007). Calpain and cathepsin activities in post mortem fish and meat muscles. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1474-1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.04.023 [ Links ]
Colombia. Ministry of Health and Social Protection. (2012, january 31). Por la cual se modifica parcialmente la Resolución número 776 de 2008 (Resolucion 122 de 2012 (enero 26)). Diario Oficial, Bogotá. Recuperado el 22 de enero de 2019, de https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/resolucion-0122-de-2012.pdf [ Links ]
Erkan, N., Üretener, G., Alpas, H., Selçuk, A., Özden, Ö., & Buzrul, S. (2011). Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on physicochemical properties of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4(7), 1322-1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0415-4 [ Links ]
European Union. (1991, september 24). Council Directive 91/493/EEC of 22 July 1991 laying down the health conditions for the production and the placing on the market of fishery products. Official Journal of the European Communities, Bruxelas. [ Links ]
Fan, W., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Qiu, J., Zhang, Y., & Chi, Y. (2009). Effects of chitosan coating on quality and shelf life of silver carp during frozen storage. Food Chemistry, 115(1), 66-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.060 [ Links ]
Ferreira, L. F., Daniel, A. P., Piccolo, J., Klein, B., Ruviaro, A. R., & Emanuelli, T. (2017). Infusão de aloysia triphylla: Efeitos opostos em um teste de atividade antioxidante in vitro e na estabilidade oxidativa de patês de pescado refrigerados. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa e Processamento de Alimentos, 34(2), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cep.v34i2.53180 [ Links ]
Godiksen, H., Morzel, M., Hyldig, G., & Jessen, F. (2009). Contribution of cathepsins B, L and D to muscle protein profiles correlated with texture in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Food Chemistry, 113(4), 889-896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.012 [ Links ]
Hashimoto, K., Kobayashi, S., & Yamashita, M. (2017). Comparison of connective tissue structure and muscle toughness of spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus and Pacific mackerel S. japonicus during chilled and frozen storage. Fisheries Science, 83(1), 133-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1042-4 [ Links ]
Hassoun, A., & Karoui, R. (2016). Monitoring changes in whiting (Merlangius merlangus) fillets stored under modified atmosphere packaging by front face fluorescence spectroscopy and instrumental techniques. Food Chemistry, 200, 343-353. PMid:26830598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.028 [ Links ]
He, Q., & Xiao, K. (2016). The effects of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium) essential oils as glazing layer on freshness preservation of bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during superchilling storage. Food Control, 69, 339-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.019 [ Links ]
Hultmann, L., & Rustad, T. (2002). Textural changes during iced storage of salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 11(3-4), 105-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J030v11n03_09 [ Links ]
Kachele, R., Zhang, M., Gao, Z., & Adhikari, B. (2017). Effect of vacuum packaging on the shelf-life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at 4 °C. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 80, 163-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.02.012 [ Links ]
Kakaei, S., & Shahbazi, Y. (2016). Effect of chitosan-gelatin film incorporated with ethanolic red grape seed extract and Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil on survival of Listeria monocytogenes and chemical, microbial and sensory properties of minced trout fillet. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 72, 432-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.021 [ Links ]
Kamani, M. H., Safari, O., Mortazavi, S. A., Atash, M. M. S., & Azghadi, N. M. (2017). Using an image processing based technique and predictive models for assessing lipid oxidation in rainbow trout fillet. Food Bioscience, 19, 42-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2017.05.005 [ Links ]
Kiessling, A., Espe, M., Ruohonen, K., & Mørkøre, T. (2004). Texture, gaping and colour of fresh and frozen Atlantic salmon flesh as affected by pre-slaughter iso-eugenol or CO2 anaesthesia. Aquaculture, 236(1-4), 645-657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.030 [ Links ]
Kyrana, V. R., Lougovois, V. P., & Valsamis, D. S. (1997). Assessment of shelf‐life of maricultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored in ice. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 32(4), 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1997.00408.x [ Links ]
Ladrat, C., Verrez-Bagnis, V., Noël, J., & Fleurence, J. (2003). In vitro proteolysis of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins of white muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): Effects of cathepsins B, D and L. Food Chemistry, 81(4), 517-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00481-8 [ Links ]
Larsson, T., Koppang, E. O., Espe, M., Terjesen, B. F., Krasnov, A., Moreno, H. M., Rørvik, K.-A., Thomassen, M., & Mørkøre, T. (2014). Fillet quality and health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a diet supplemented with glutamate. Aquaculture, 426, 288-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.034 [ Links ]
León Ramírez, J. G., López Vargas, J. H., Lozano Moreno, J. M., & Muñoz Ramirez, A. P. (2019). Cryoprotective effect of sorbitol on the muscle microstructure of Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) during storage at 2 and- 18 °C. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, 72(1), 8763-8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.69182 [ Links ]
Li, Q., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Song, S., & Luo, Y. (2017). Comparison of postmortem changes in ATP-related compounds, protein degradation and endogenous enzyme activity of white muscle and dark muscle from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) stored at 4 °C. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 78, 317-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.12.035 [ Links ]
Li, T., Hu, W., Li, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, J., & Li, X. (2012a). Coating effects of tea polyphenol and rosemary extract combined with chitosan on the storage quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Food Control, 25(1), 101-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.10.029 [ Links ]
Li, T., Li, J., Hu, W., Zhang, X., Li, X., & Zhao, J. (2012b). Shelf-life extension of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) using natural preservatives during chilled storage. Food Chemistry, 135(1), 140-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.115 [ Links ]
Méndez, L., Fidalgo, L. G., Pazos, M., Lavilla, M., Torres, J. A., Saraiva, J. A., Vázquez, M., & Aubourg, S. P. (2017). Lipid and protein changes related to quality loss in frozen sardine (Sardina pilchardus) previously processed under high-pressure conditions. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 10(2), 296-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1815-x [ Links ]
Mohan, M., Ramachandran, D., Sankar, T. V., & Anandan, R. (2007). Influence of pH on the solubility and conformational characteristics of muscle proteins from mullet (Mugilcephalus). Process Biochemistry, 42(7), 1056-1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.04.005 [ Links ]
Ocaño-Higuera, V. M., Marquez-Ríos, E., Canizales-Dávila, M., Castillo-Yáñez, F. J., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Lugo-Sánchez, M. E., García-Orozco, K. D., & Graciano-Verdugo, A. Z. (2009). Postmortem changes in cazon fish muscle stored on ice. Food Chemistry, 116(4), 933-938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.049 [ Links ]
Ørnholt-Johansson, G., Gudjónsdóttir, M., Nielsen, M. E., Skytte, J. L., & Frosch, S. (2017). Analysis of the production of salmon fillet: Prediction of production yield. Journal of Food Engineering, 204, 80-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.022 [ Links ]
Piedrahíta-Márquez, D. G., Fuenmayor, C. A., & Suarez Mahecha, H. (2019). Effect of chitosan‐propolis edible coatings on stability of refrigerated cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) vacuum‐packed fish fillets. Packaging Technology & Science, 32(3), 143-153. [ Links ]
Qin, N., Li, D., Hong, H., Zhang, Y., Zhu, B., & Luo, Y. (2016). Effects of different stunning methods on the flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets stored at 4 °C. Food Chemistry, 201, 131-138. PMid:26868557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.071 [ Links ]
Ramezani, Z., Zarei, M., & Raminnejad, N. (2015). Comparing the effectiveness of chitosan and nanochitosan coatings on the quality of refrigerated silver carp fillets. Food Control, 51, 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.015 [ Links ]
Ravindran, R., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2016). Exploitation of food industry waste for high-value products. Trends in Biotechnology, 34(1), 58-69. PMid:26645658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.10.008 [ Links ]
Sánchez-Alonso, I., Martinez, I., Sánchez-Valencia, J., & Careche, M. (2012). Estimation of freezing storage time and quality changes in hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.) by low field NMR. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1626-1634. PMid:22953903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.038 [ Links ]
Shi, C., Cui, J., Yin, X., Luo, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2014). Grape seed and clove bud extracts as natural antioxidants in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during chilled storage: Effect on lipid and protein oxidation. Food Control, 40, 134-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.001 [ Links ]
Simeonidou, S., Govaris, A., & Vareltzis, K. (1997). Effect of frozen storage on the quality of whole fish and fillets of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and Mediterranean hake (Merluccius mediterraneus). Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und-Forschung A, 204(6), 405-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050102 [ Links ]
Soto-Valdez, H., Ezquerra-Brauer, J. M., Márquez-Ríos, E., & Torres-Arreola, W. (2015). Effect of previous chilling storage on quality loss in frozen (–20 °C) sierra (Scomberomorus sierra) muscle packed with a low-density polyethylene film containing butylated hydroxytoluene. Food Science and Technology, 35(1), 202-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.6607 [ Links ]
Suárez-Mahecha, H., Beirão, L. H., Francisco, A., Nakaghi, L. S. O., & Pardo-Carrasco, S. C. (2007). Chilling effect on the postmortem texture of the matrinxã fish muscle Brycon cephalus. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 59(4), 1067-1073. [ Links ]
Vázquez, M., Fidalgo, L. G., Saraiva, J. A., & Aubourg, S. P. (2018). Preservative effect of a previous high-pressure treatment on the chemical changes related to quality loss in frozen hake (Merluccius merluccius). Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(2), 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-2010-4 [ Links ]
Veeck, A. P. D. L., Boligon, A. A., Athayde, M. L., & Emanuelli, T. (2013). Mate extract on lipid and color changes of dourado fillets during frozen storage. Ciência Rural, 43(7), 1317-1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782013005000079 [ Links ]
Verrez-Bagnis, V., Noel, J., Sautereau, C., & Fleurence, J. (1999). Desmin degradation in postmortem fish muscle. Journal of Food Science, 64(2), 240-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15873.x [ Links ]
Wang, H., Luo, Y., Huang, H., & Xu, Q. (2014). Microbial succession of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) filets during storage at 4 °C and its contribution to biogenic amines’ formation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 190, 66-71. PMid:25194259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.021 [ Links ]
Wang, P. A., Martinez, I., & Olsen, R. L. (2009). Myosin heavy chain degradation during post mortem storage of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Food Chemistry, 115(4), 1228-1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.031 [ Links ]
Wang, P. A., Vang, B., Pedersen, A. M., Martinez, I., & Olsen, R. L. (2011). Post-mortem degradation of myosin heavy chain in intact fish muscle: Effects of pH and enzyme inhibitors. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1090-1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.093 [ Links ]
Wang, S., Xiang, W., Fan, H., Xie, J., & Qian, Y. F. (2018). Study on the mobility of water and its correlation with the spoilage process of salmon (Salmo solar) stored at 0 and 4 °C by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR 1H). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(1), 173-182. PMid:29358808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2880-5 [ Links ]
Yu, D., Xu, Y., Regenstein, J. M., Xia, W., Yang, F., Jiang, Q., & Wang, B. (2018). The effects of edible chitosan-based coatings on flavor quality of raw grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, 242, 412-420. PMid:29037708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.037 [ Links ]
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Food Technology
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/1/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/2/license_rdf
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/3/license.txt
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/4/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/5/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf.txt
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 1fab4e3605b7ee73f9842ea498df9df3
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
1f87c66c01469f32bfa40ae59b6cdddd
b4ad1beceeefe5f6e35a95ede95d370b
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad de La Costa
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1808400208556457984
spelling Castañeda, Daniel45f3089245ce51b2e816d96d23642d79OVANDO, SANDY LUZ9d7c5c189cfb163cc2ec980181788623Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Carolina0f5e4c15452a25d404169a6341f50758Suárez Mahecha, Héctor5e277f8853e165aacf444608ad73389a2020-04-09T20:29:25Z2020-04-09T20:29:25Z20201981-6723https://hdl.handle.net/11323/6158| https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.01219Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This study aimed to assess the cryoprotectant effect of vacuum packaging (35 and 45 kPa) on cold preserved (0 °C and -18 °C) fillets of Yamú (Brycon amazonicus), during 5 days of storage. We analyzed the physicochemical and microbiological changes in the fillets during storage time. Yamú’s water holding capacity, nitrogenated bases content (TVB-N) and texture (N) were affected (p ≤ 0.05) by time and temperature. Bacterial colonies in fillets did not represent a risk for human health after five days of storage. In conclusion, vacuum packing positively (p ≤ 0.05) reduces the effect of cold over Yamú fillets properties.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito crioprotetor de embalagens a vácuo (35 e 45 kPa) em filés de Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) conservados a frio (0 °C e -18 °C), durante cinco dias de armazenamento. As alterações físico-químicas e microbiológicas foram analisadas nos filés durante o armazenamento. A capacidade de retenção de água, o teor de base nitrogenada (BTV-N) e a textura (N) foram influenciados (p ≤ 0,05) pelo tempo e pela temperatura. Colônias bacterianas em filés não representaram risco à saúde humana após cinco dias de armazenamento. O uso de embalagem a vácuo apresentou efeito significativo positivo (p ≤ 0,05), reduzindo o efeito do frio sobre as propriedades dos filés.engBrazilian Journal of Food TechnologyCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Yamú filletsCold preservationVacuum storageQualityPhysicochemical characteristicsFilés de YamúConservação a frioArmazenamento a vácuoQualidadeCaracterísticasFísico-químicasEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicus) meat during cold storageEfeito da pressão de vácuo na carne de peixe Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) durante o armazenamento refrigeradoArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAnderson, J., Asche, F., Garlock, T., & Chu, J. (2017). Aquaculture: Its role in the future of food. In A. Schmitz, P. L. Kennedy & T. G. Schmitz (Eds.), World agricultural resources and food security (Frontiers of Economics and Globalization, Vol. 17, pp. 159-173). Bingley: Emerald. [ Links ]Ando, M., Nishiyabu, A., Tsukamasa, Y., & Makinodan, Y. (1999). Post‐mortem softening of fish muscle during chilled storage as affected by bleeding. Journal of Food Science, 64(3), 423-428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15056.x [ Links ]Arias, J. (2006). Estado actual del conocimiento sobre el Yamú, Brycon Amazonicus. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 19(2), 9. [ Links ]Aubourg, S. P., Torres, J. A., Saraiva, J. A., Guerra-Rodríguez, E., & Vázquez, M. (2013). Effect of high-pressure treatments applied before freezing and frozen storage on the functional and sensory properties of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 53(1), 100-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.028 [ Links ]Barros, I. B. A., Villacorta-Correa, M. A., & Carvalho, T. B. (2019). Stocking density and water temperature as modulators of aggressiveness, survival and zootechnical performance in matrinxã larvae, Brycon amazonicus. Aquaculture, 502, 378-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.070 [ Links ]Boran, M., & Köse, S. (2007). Storage properties of three types of fried whiting balls at refrigerated temperatures. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 7(1), 65-70. [ Links ]Carlez, A., Veciana-Nogues, T., & Cheftel, J. C. (1995). Changes in colour and myoglobin of minced beef meat due to high pressure processing. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 28(5), 528-538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/fstl.1995.0088 [ Links ]Castañeda, D., Lozano, J. M., & Suárez, H. (2016). Microstructural changes and the effect on myofibril proteins in Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) fish meat during cold storage. Agronomia Colombiana, 34(3), 403-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.61316 [ Links ]Chéret, R., Delbarre-Ladrat, C., Lamballerie-Anton, M. D., & Verrez-Bagnis, V. (2007). Calpain and cathepsin activities in post mortem fish and meat muscles. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1474-1479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.04.023 [ Links ]Colombia. Ministry of Health and Social Protection. (2012, january 31). Por la cual se modifica parcialmente la Resolución número 776 de 2008 (Resolucion 122 de 2012 (enero 26)). Diario Oficial, Bogotá. Recuperado el 22 de enero de 2019, de https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/resolucion-0122-de-2012.pdf [ Links ]Erkan, N., Üretener, G., Alpas, H., Selçuk, A., Özden, Ö., & Buzrul, S. (2011). Effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on physicochemical properties of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Food and Bioprocess Technology, 4(7), 1322-1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-010-0415-4 [ Links ]European Union. (1991, september 24). Council Directive 91/493/EEC of 22 July 1991 laying down the health conditions for the production and the placing on the market of fishery products. Official Journal of the European Communities, Bruxelas. [ Links ]Fan, W., Sun, J., Chen, Y., Qiu, J., Zhang, Y., & Chi, Y. (2009). Effects of chitosan coating on quality and shelf life of silver carp during frozen storage. Food Chemistry, 115(1), 66-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.060 [ Links ]Ferreira, L. F., Daniel, A. P., Piccolo, J., Klein, B., Ruviaro, A. R., & Emanuelli, T. (2017). Infusão de aloysia triphylla: Efeitos opostos em um teste de atividade antioxidante in vitro e na estabilidade oxidativa de patês de pescado refrigerados. Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa e Processamento de Alimentos, 34(2), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cep.v34i2.53180 [ Links ]Godiksen, H., Morzel, M., Hyldig, G., & Jessen, F. (2009). Contribution of cathepsins B, L and D to muscle protein profiles correlated with texture in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Food Chemistry, 113(4), 889-896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.012 [ Links ]Hashimoto, K., Kobayashi, S., & Yamashita, M. (2017). Comparison of connective tissue structure and muscle toughness of spotted mackerel Scomber australasicus and Pacific mackerel S. japonicus during chilled and frozen storage. Fisheries Science, 83(1), 133-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1042-4 [ Links ]Hassoun, A., & Karoui, R. (2016). Monitoring changes in whiting (Merlangius merlangus) fillets stored under modified atmosphere packaging by front face fluorescence spectroscopy and instrumental techniques. Food Chemistry, 200, 343-353. PMid:26830598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.028 [ Links ]He, Q., & Xiao, K. (2016). The effects of tangerine peel (Citri reticulatae pericarpium) essential oils as glazing layer on freshness preservation of bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during superchilling storage. Food Control, 69, 339-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.019 [ Links ]Hultmann, L., & Rustad, T. (2002). Textural changes during iced storage of salmon (Salmo salar) and cod (Gadus morhua). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 11(3-4), 105-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J030v11n03_09 [ Links ]Kachele, R., Zhang, M., Gao, Z., & Adhikari, B. (2017). Effect of vacuum packaging on the shelf-life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at 4 °C. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 80, 163-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.02.012 [ Links ]Kakaei, S., & Shahbazi, Y. (2016). Effect of chitosan-gelatin film incorporated with ethanolic red grape seed extract and Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil on survival of Listeria monocytogenes and chemical, microbial and sensory properties of minced trout fillet. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 72, 432-438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.05.021 [ Links ]Kamani, M. H., Safari, O., Mortazavi, S. A., Atash, M. M. S., & Azghadi, N. M. (2017). Using an image processing based technique and predictive models for assessing lipid oxidation in rainbow trout fillet. Food Bioscience, 19, 42-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2017.05.005 [ Links ]Kiessling, A., Espe, M., Ruohonen, K., & Mørkøre, T. (2004). Texture, gaping and colour of fresh and frozen Atlantic salmon flesh as affected by pre-slaughter iso-eugenol or CO2 anaesthesia. Aquaculture, 236(1-4), 645-657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.02.030 [ Links ]Kyrana, V. R., Lougovois, V. P., & Valsamis, D. S. (1997). Assessment of shelf‐life of maricultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored in ice. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 32(4), 339-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.1997.00408.x [ Links ]Ladrat, C., Verrez-Bagnis, V., Noël, J., & Fleurence, J. (2003). In vitro proteolysis of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins of white muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): Effects of cathepsins B, D and L. Food Chemistry, 81(4), 517-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00481-8 [ Links ]Larsson, T., Koppang, E. O., Espe, M., Terjesen, B. F., Krasnov, A., Moreno, H. M., Rørvik, K.-A., Thomassen, M., & Mørkøre, T. (2014). Fillet quality and health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed a diet supplemented with glutamate. Aquaculture, 426, 288-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.034 [ Links ]León Ramírez, J. G., López Vargas, J. H., Lozano Moreno, J. M., & Muñoz Ramirez, A. P. (2019). Cryoprotective effect of sorbitol on the muscle microstructure of Yamú (Brycon amazonicus) during storage at 2 and- 18 °C. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, 72(1), 8763-8774. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v72n1.69182 [ Links ]Li, Q., Zhang, L., Lu, H., Song, S., & Luo, Y. (2017). Comparison of postmortem changes in ATP-related compounds, protein degradation and endogenous enzyme activity of white muscle and dark muscle from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) stored at 4 °C. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, 78, 317-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.12.035 [ Links ]Li, T., Hu, W., Li, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, J., & Li, X. (2012a). Coating effects of tea polyphenol and rosemary extract combined with chitosan on the storage quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Food Control, 25(1), 101-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.10.029 [ Links ]Li, T., Li, J., Hu, W., Zhang, X., Li, X., & Zhao, J. (2012b). Shelf-life extension of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) using natural preservatives during chilled storage. Food Chemistry, 135(1), 140-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.115 [ Links ]Méndez, L., Fidalgo, L. G., Pazos, M., Lavilla, M., Torres, J. A., Saraiva, J. A., Vázquez, M., & Aubourg, S. P. (2017). Lipid and protein changes related to quality loss in frozen sardine (Sardina pilchardus) previously processed under high-pressure conditions. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 10(2), 296-306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-016-1815-x [ Links ]Mohan, M., Ramachandran, D., Sankar, T. V., & Anandan, R. (2007). Influence of pH on the solubility and conformational characteristics of muscle proteins from mullet (Mugilcephalus). Process Biochemistry, 42(7), 1056-1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.04.005 [ Links ]Ocaño-Higuera, V. M., Marquez-Ríos, E., Canizales-Dávila, M., Castillo-Yáñez, F. J., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Lugo-Sánchez, M. E., García-Orozco, K. D., & Graciano-Verdugo, A. Z. (2009). Postmortem changes in cazon fish muscle stored on ice. Food Chemistry, 116(4), 933-938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.049 [ Links ]Ørnholt-Johansson, G., Gudjónsdóttir, M., Nielsen, M. E., Skytte, J. L., & Frosch, S. (2017). Analysis of the production of salmon fillet: Prediction of production yield. Journal of Food Engineering, 204, 80-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.022 [ Links ]Piedrahíta-Márquez, D. G., Fuenmayor, C. A., & Suarez Mahecha, H. (2019). Effect of chitosan‐propolis edible coatings on stability of refrigerated cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) vacuum‐packed fish fillets. Packaging Technology & Science, 32(3), 143-153. [ Links ]Qin, N., Li, D., Hong, H., Zhang, Y., Zhu, B., & Luo, Y. (2016). Effects of different stunning methods on the flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets stored at 4 °C. Food Chemistry, 201, 131-138. PMid:26868557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.071 [ Links ]Ramezani, Z., Zarei, M., & Raminnejad, N. (2015). Comparing the effectiveness of chitosan and nanochitosan coatings on the quality of refrigerated silver carp fillets. Food Control, 51, 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.015 [ Links ]Ravindran, R., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2016). Exploitation of food industry waste for high-value products. Trends in Biotechnology, 34(1), 58-69. PMid:26645658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.10.008 [ Links ]Sánchez-Alonso, I., Martinez, I., Sánchez-Valencia, J., & Careche, M. (2012). Estimation of freezing storage time and quality changes in hake (Merluccius merluccius, L.) by low field NMR. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 1626-1634. PMid:22953903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.038 [ Links ]Shi, C., Cui, J., Yin, X., Luo, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2014). Grape seed and clove bud extracts as natural antioxidants in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during chilled storage: Effect on lipid and protein oxidation. Food Control, 40, 134-139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.001 [ Links ]Simeonidou, S., Govaris, A., & Vareltzis, K. (1997). Effect of frozen storage on the quality of whole fish and fillets of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and Mediterranean hake (Merluccius mediterraneus). Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und-Forschung A, 204(6), 405-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050102 [ Links ]Soto-Valdez, H., Ezquerra-Brauer, J. M., Márquez-Ríos, E., & Torres-Arreola, W. (2015). Effect of previous chilling storage on quality loss in frozen (–20 °C) sierra (Scomberomorus sierra) muscle packed with a low-density polyethylene film containing butylated hydroxytoluene. Food Science and Technology, 35(1), 202-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-457X.6607 [ Links ]Suárez-Mahecha, H., Beirão, L. H., Francisco, A., Nakaghi, L. S. O., & Pardo-Carrasco, S. C. (2007). Chilling effect on the postmortem texture of the matrinxã fish muscle Brycon cephalus. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 59(4), 1067-1073. [ Links ]Vázquez, M., Fidalgo, L. G., Saraiva, J. A., & Aubourg, S. P. (2018). Preservative effect of a previous high-pressure treatment on the chemical changes related to quality loss in frozen hake (Merluccius merluccius). Food and Bioprocess Technology, 11(2), 293-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-2010-4 [ Links ]Veeck, A. P. D. L., Boligon, A. A., Athayde, M. L., & Emanuelli, T. (2013). Mate extract on lipid and color changes of dourado fillets during frozen storage. Ciência Rural, 43(7), 1317-1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782013005000079 [ Links ]Verrez-Bagnis, V., Noel, J., Sautereau, C., & Fleurence, J. (1999). Desmin degradation in postmortem fish muscle. Journal of Food Science, 64(2), 240-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15873.x [ Links ]Wang, H., Luo, Y., Huang, H., & Xu, Q. (2014). Microbial succession of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) filets during storage at 4 °C and its contribution to biogenic amines’ formation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 190, 66-71. PMid:25194259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.021 [ Links ]Wang, P. A., Martinez, I., & Olsen, R. L. (2009). Myosin heavy chain degradation during post mortem storage of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Food Chemistry, 115(4), 1228-1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.031 [ Links ]Wang, P. A., Vang, B., Pedersen, A. M., Martinez, I., & Olsen, R. L. (2011). Post-mortem degradation of myosin heavy chain in intact fish muscle: Effects of pH and enzyme inhibitors. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1090-1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.093 [ Links ]Wang, S., Xiang, W., Fan, H., Xie, J., & Qian, Y. F. (2018). Study on the mobility of water and its correlation with the spoilage process of salmon (Salmo solar) stored at 0 and 4 °C by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR 1H). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(1), 173-182. PMid:29358808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2880-5 [ Links ]Yu, D., Xu, Y., Regenstein, J. M., Xia, W., Yang, F., Jiang, Q., & Wang, B. (2018). The effects of edible chitosan-based coatings on flavor quality of raw grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, 242, 412-420. PMid:29037708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.037 [ Links ]ORIGINALEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdfEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdfapplication/pdf859384https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/1/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf1fab4e3605b7ee73f9842ea498df9df3MD51open accessCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/2/license_rdf42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53open accessTHUMBNAILEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdf.jpgEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg63003https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/4/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf.jpg1f87c66c01469f32bfa40ae59b6cddddMD54open accessTEXTEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdf.txtEffect of vacuum pressure on Yamú fish (Brycon amazonicuc) meat during cold storage.pdf.txttext/plain52778https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/6158/5/Effect%20of%20vacuum%20pressure%20on%20Yam%c3%ba%20fish%20%28Brycon%20amazonicuc%29%20meat%20during%20cold%20storage.pdf.txtb4ad1beceeefe5f6e35a95ede95d370bMD55open access11323/6158oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/61582023-12-14 16:38:59.199CC0 1.0 Universal|||http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/open accessRepositorio Universidad de La Costabdigital@metabiblioteca.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