Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life
In this study, the effects of two geometrical parameters of the re-entrant auxetic cells, namely, internal cell angle ( ) and H/L ratio in which H is the cell height, and L is the cell length, have been studied on the variations of Poisson’s ratio and fatigue life of Aluminum 7075-T6 auxetic structu...
- Autores:
-
ghiasvand, amir
Fayazi Khanigi, Alireza
Grimaldo Guerrero, John William
Aghajani Derazkola, Hamed
Tomków, Jacek
Janeczek, Anna
Wolski, Adrian
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10207
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10207
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Auxetic structures
Re-entrant cell
Poisson’s ratio
Fatigue life
Aluminum 7075-T6
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| title |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| spellingShingle |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life Auxetic structures Re-entrant cell Poisson’s ratio Fatigue life Aluminum 7075-T6 |
| title_short |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| title_full |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| title_fullStr |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| title_sort |
Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
ghiasvand, amir Fayazi Khanigi, Alireza Grimaldo Guerrero, John William Aghajani Derazkola, Hamed Tomków, Jacek Janeczek, Anna Wolski, Adrian |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
ghiasvand, amir Fayazi Khanigi, Alireza Grimaldo Guerrero, John William Aghajani Derazkola, Hamed Tomków, Jacek Janeczek, Anna Wolski, Adrian |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Auxetic structures Re-entrant cell Poisson’s ratio Fatigue life Aluminum 7075-T6 |
| topic |
Auxetic structures Re-entrant cell Poisson’s ratio Fatigue life Aluminum 7075-T6 |
| description |
In this study, the effects of two geometrical parameters of the re-entrant auxetic cells, namely, internal cell angle ( ) and H/L ratio in which H is the cell height, and L is the cell length, have been studied on the variations of Poisson’s ratio and fatigue life of Aluminum 7075-T6 auxetic structures. Five different values of both the H/L ratio and angle were selected. Numerical simulations and fatigue life predictions have been conducted through the use of ABAQUS (version 2022) and MSC Fatigue (version 11.0) software. Results revealed that increases in both the H/L ratio and angle improved the average value of Poisson’s ratio. Increasing the H/L ratio from 1 to 1.4 and from 50° to 70° increased the values of Poisson’s ratio, respectively, 7.7% and 80%. In all angles, increasing the H/L values decreased the fatigue life of the structures significantly. Furthermore, in all H/L values, an increment in caused a reduction in fatigue life. The effects of H/L and parameters on fatigue life were dominant in the low cycle fatigue regime. Results also showed that the H/L ratio parameter had greater influence as compared to the angle, and the structures with higher auxeticity experienced higher fatigue resistance. It was found that the auxetic property of the structure has a direct relationship with the fatigue resistance of the structure. In all samples, structures with greater auxetic property had higher fatigue resistance. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-01T22:14:59Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-01T22:14:59Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-02-10 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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Ghiasvand, A.; Khanigi, A.F.; Guerrero, J.W.G.; Derazkola, H.A.; Tomków, J.; Janeczek, A.; Wolski, A. Investigating the Effects of Geometrical Parameters of Re-Entrant Cells of Aluminum 7075-T651 Auxetic Structures on Fatigue Life. Coatings 2023, 13, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings13020405 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10207 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/ coatings13020405 |
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2079-6412 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Ghiasvand, A.; Khanigi, A.F.; Guerrero, J.W.G.; Derazkola, H.A.; Tomków, J.; Janeczek, A.; Wolski, A. Investigating the Effects of Geometrical Parameters of Re-Entrant Cells of Aluminum 7075-T651 Auxetic Structures on Fatigue Life. Coatings 2023, 13, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings13020405 10.3390/ coatings13020405 2079-6412 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10207 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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eng |
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eng |
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Coatings |
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1. Gao, Q.; Ge, C.; Zhuang, W.; Wang, L.; Ma, Z. Crashworthiness analysis of double-arrowed auxetic structure under axial impact loading. Mater. Des. 2019, 161, 22–34. [CrossRef] 2. Imbalzano, G.; Linforth, S.; Ngo, T.; Lee, P.; Tran, P. Blast resistance of auxetic and honeycomb sandwich panels: Comparisons and parametric designs. Compos. Struct. 2018, 183, 242–261. [CrossRef] 3. Ren, X.; Shen, J.; Tran, P.; Ngo, T.; Xie, Y. Design and characterisation of a tuneable 3D buckling-induced auxetic metamaterial. Mater. Des. 2018, 139, 336–342. 4. Lim, T.-C. Auxetic Materials and Structures; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2015. 5. Wang, Z.; Zulifqar, A.; Hu, H. Auxetic Composites in Aerospace Engineering, Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 213–240. 6. Munteanu, L.; Dumitriu, D.; Donescu, ¸S.; Chiroiu, V. On the complexity of the auxetic systems. In Proceedings of the European Computing Conference; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2009; pp. 631–636. 7. Lakes, R. Negative-Poisson’s-ratio materials: Auxetic solids. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2017, 47, 63–81. [CrossRef] 8. Albag, O. Auxetic Materials, Material Balance; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2021; pp. 65–74. 9. Khare, E.; Temple, S.; Tomov, I.; Zhang, F.; Smoukov, S. Low fatigue dynamic auxetic lattices with 3D printable, multistable, and tuneable unit cells. Front. Mater. 2018, 5, 45. [CrossRef] 10. Nasim, M.S.; Etemadi, E. Three dimensional modeling of warp and woof periodic auxetic cellular structure. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2018, 136, 475–481. [CrossRef] 11. Essassi, K.; Rebiere, J.-L.; El Mahi, A.; Ben Souf, M.A.; Bouguecha, A.; Haddar, M. Experimental and analytical investigation of the bending behaviour of 3D-printed bio-based sandwich structures composites with auxetic core under cyclic fatigue tests. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2020, 131, 105775. [CrossRef] 12. Choi, J.; Lakes, R. Non-linear properties of metallic cellular materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio. J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 5375–5381. [CrossRef] 13. Neˇcemer, B.; Glodež, S.; Novak, N.; Kramberger, J. Numerical modelling of a chiral auxetic cellular structure under multiaxial loading conditions. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 2020, 107, 102514. [CrossRef] 14. Kramberger, J.; Neˇcemer, B.; Glodež, S. Assessing the cracking behavior of auxetic cellular structures by using both a numerical and an experimental approach. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 2019, 101, 17–24. [CrossRef] 15. Neˇcemer, B.; Kramberger, J.; Vuherer, T.; Glodež, S. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in re-entrant auxetic cellular structures. Int. J. Fatigue 2019, 126, 241–247. [CrossRef] 16. Bezazi, A.; Scarpa, F. Mechanical behaviour of conventional and negative Poisson’s ratio thermoplastic polyurethane foams under compressive cyclic loading. Int. J. Fatigue 2007, 29, 922–930. [CrossRef] 17. Francesconi, L.; Baldi, A.; Dominguez, G.; Taylor, M. An investigation of the enhanced fatigue performance of low-porosity auxetic metamaterials. Exp. Mech. 2020, 60, 93–107. [CrossRef] 18. Neˇcemer, B.; Klemenc, J.; Glodež, S. The computational LCF-analyses of chiral and Re-entrant auxetic structure using the direct cyclic algorithm. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2020, 789, 139618. [CrossRef] 19. Neˇcemer, B.; Kramberger, J.; Glodež, S. Fatigue crack growth in the re-entrant auxetic structure. Procedia Struct. Integr. 2022, 39, 34–40. [CrossRef] 20. Neˇcemer, B.; Klemenc, J.; Zupaniˇc, F.; Glodež, S. Modelling and predicting of the LCF-behaviour of aluminium auxetic structures. Int. J. Fatigue 2022, 156, 106673. [CrossRef] 21. Lvov, V.; Senatov, F.; Stepashkin, A.; Veveris, A.; Pavlov, M.; Komissarov, A. Low-cycle fatigue behavior of 3D-printed metallic auxetic structure. Mater. Today Proc. 2020, 33, 1979–1983. [CrossRef] 22. Neˇcemer, B.; Vuherer, T.; Glodež, S.; Kramberger, J. Fatigue behaviour of re-entrant auxetic structures made of the aluminium alloy AA7075-T651. Thin-Walled Struct. 2022, 180, 109917. [CrossRef] 23. Ulbin, M.; Borovinšek, M.; Vesenjak, M.; Glodež, S. Computational Fatigue Analysis of Auxetic Cellular Structures Made of SLM AlSi10Mg Alloy. Metals 2020, 10, 945. [CrossRef] 24. Michalski, J.; Strek, T. Fatigue Life of Auxetic Re-entrant Honeycomb Structure, International Scientific-Technical Conference Manufacturing; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 50–60. 25. Tomažinˇciˇc, D.; Neˇcemer, B.; Vesenjak, M.; Klemenc, J. Low-cycle fatigue life of thin-plate auxetic cellular structures made from aluminium alloy 7075-T651. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2019, 42, 1022–1036. [CrossRef] 26. Schijve, J. Fatigue of Structures and Materials; Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2001. 27. Niesłony, A.; el Dsoki, C.; Kaufmann, H.; Krug, P. New method for evaluation of the Manson–Coffin–Basquin and Ramberg– Osgood equations with respect to compatibility. Int. J. Fatigue 2008, 30, 1967–1977. [CrossRef] 28. Suresh, S. Fatigue of Materials; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1998. 29. Li, J.; Sun, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Qiao, Y.-J.; Liu, J. A modification of Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameter for fatigue life prediction under non-proportional loading. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2012, 35, 301–316. [CrossRef] 30. Tamadon, A.; Pons, D.J.; Sued, K.; Clucas, D. Internal Flow Behaviour and Microstructural Evolution of the Bobbin-FSW Welds: Thermomechanical Comparison between 1xxx and 3xxx Aluminium Grades. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2021, 21, 40–64. [CrossRef] 31. Mohan, D.G.; Tomków, J.; Gopi, S. Induction Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5052 Aluminium Alloy and X12Cr13 Stainless Steel. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2021, 21, 17–30. [CrossRef] 32. Tu, X.; Shahba, A.; Shen, J.; Ghosh, S. Microstructure and property based statistically equivalent RVEs for polycrystallinepolyphase aluminum alloys. Int. J. Plast. 2019, 115, 268–292. [CrossRef] |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2ghiasvand, amirFayazi Khanigi, AlirezaGrimaldo Guerrero, John WilliamAghajani Derazkola, HamedTomków, JacekJaneczek, AnnaWolski, Adrian2023-06-01T22:14:59Z2023-06-01T22:14:59Z2023-02-10Ghiasvand, A.; Khanigi, A.F.; Guerrero, J.W.G.; Derazkola, H.A.; Tomków, J.; Janeczek, A.; Wolski, A. Investigating the Effects of Geometrical Parameters of Re-Entrant Cells of Aluminum 7075-T651 Auxetic Structures on Fatigue Life. Coatings 2023, 13, 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings13020405https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1020710.3390/ coatings130204052079-6412Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this study, the effects of two geometrical parameters of the re-entrant auxetic cells, namely, internal cell angle ( ) and H/L ratio in which H is the cell height, and L is the cell length, have been studied on the variations of Poisson’s ratio and fatigue life of Aluminum 7075-T6 auxetic structures. Five different values of both the H/L ratio and angle were selected. Numerical simulations and fatigue life predictions have been conducted through the use of ABAQUS (version 2022) and MSC Fatigue (version 11.0) software. Results revealed that increases in both the H/L ratio and angle improved the average value of Poisson’s ratio. Increasing the H/L ratio from 1 to 1.4 and from 50° to 70° increased the values of Poisson’s ratio, respectively, 7.7% and 80%. In all angles, increasing the H/L values decreased the fatigue life of the structures significantly. Furthermore, in all H/L values, an increment in caused a reduction in fatigue life. The effects of H/L and parameters on fatigue life were dominant in the low cycle fatigue regime. Results also showed that the H/L ratio parameter had greater influence as compared to the angle, and the structures with higher auxeticity experienced higher fatigue resistance. It was found that the auxetic property of the structure has a direct relationship with the fatigue resistance of the structure. In all samples, structures with greater auxetic property had higher fatigue resistance.16 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSwitzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/13/2/405Investigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue lifeArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Coatings1. Gao, Q.; Ge, C.; Zhuang, W.; Wang, L.; Ma, Z. Crashworthiness analysis of double-arrowed auxetic structure under axial impact loading. Mater. Des. 2019, 161, 22–34. [CrossRef]2. Imbalzano, G.; Linforth, S.; Ngo, T.; Lee, P.; Tran, P. Blast resistance of auxetic and honeycomb sandwich panels: Comparisons and parametric designs. Compos. Struct. 2018, 183, 242–261. [CrossRef]3. Ren, X.; Shen, J.; Tran, P.; Ngo, T.; Xie, Y. Design and characterisation of a tuneable 3D buckling-induced auxetic metamaterial. Mater. Des. 2018, 139, 336–342.4. Lim, T.-C. Auxetic Materials and Structures; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2015.5. Wang, Z.; Zulifqar, A.; Hu, H. Auxetic Composites in Aerospace Engineering, Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016; pp. 213–240.6. Munteanu, L.; Dumitriu, D.; Donescu, ¸S.; Chiroiu, V. On the complexity of the auxetic systems. In Proceedings of the European Computing Conference; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2009; pp. 631–636.7. Lakes, R. Negative-Poisson’s-ratio materials: Auxetic solids. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2017, 47, 63–81. [CrossRef]8. Albag, O. Auxetic Materials, Material Balance; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2021; pp. 65–74.9. Khare, E.; Temple, S.; Tomov, I.; Zhang, F.; Smoukov, S. Low fatigue dynamic auxetic lattices with 3D printable, multistable, and tuneable unit cells. Front. Mater. 2018, 5, 45. [CrossRef]10. Nasim, M.S.; Etemadi, E. Three dimensional modeling of warp and woof periodic auxetic cellular structure. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 2018, 136, 475–481. [CrossRef]11. Essassi, K.; Rebiere, J.-L.; El Mahi, A.; Ben Souf, M.A.; Bouguecha, A.; Haddar, M. Experimental and analytical investigation of the bending behaviour of 3D-printed bio-based sandwich structures composites with auxetic core under cyclic fatigue tests. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2020, 131, 105775. [CrossRef]12. Choi, J.; Lakes, R. Non-linear properties of metallic cellular materials with a negative Poisson’s ratio. J. Mater. Sci. 1992, 27, 5375–5381. [CrossRef]13. Neˇcemer, B.; Glodež, S.; Novak, N.; Kramberger, J. Numerical modelling of a chiral auxetic cellular structure under multiaxial loading conditions. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 2020, 107, 102514. [CrossRef]14. Kramberger, J.; Neˇcemer, B.; Glodež, S. Assessing the cracking behavior of auxetic cellular structures by using both a numerical and an experimental approach. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 2019, 101, 17–24. [CrossRef]15. Neˇcemer, B.; Kramberger, J.; Vuherer, T.; Glodež, S. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation in re-entrant auxetic cellular structures. Int. J. Fatigue 2019, 126, 241–247. [CrossRef]16. Bezazi, A.; Scarpa, F. Mechanical behaviour of conventional and negative Poisson’s ratio thermoplastic polyurethane foams under compressive cyclic loading. Int. J. Fatigue 2007, 29, 922–930. [CrossRef]17. Francesconi, L.; Baldi, A.; Dominguez, G.; Taylor, M. An investigation of the enhanced fatigue performance of low-porosity auxetic metamaterials. Exp. Mech. 2020, 60, 93–107. [CrossRef]18. Neˇcemer, B.; Klemenc, J.; Glodež, S. The computational LCF-analyses of chiral and Re-entrant auxetic structure using the direct cyclic algorithm. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2020, 789, 139618. [CrossRef]19. Neˇcemer, B.; Kramberger, J.; Glodež, S. Fatigue crack growth in the re-entrant auxetic structure. Procedia Struct. Integr. 2022, 39, 34–40. [CrossRef]20. Neˇcemer, B.; Klemenc, J.; Zupaniˇc, F.; Glodež, S. Modelling and predicting of the LCF-behaviour of aluminium auxetic structures. Int. J. Fatigue 2022, 156, 106673. [CrossRef]21. Lvov, V.; Senatov, F.; Stepashkin, A.; Veveris, A.; Pavlov, M.; Komissarov, A. Low-cycle fatigue behavior of 3D-printed metallic auxetic structure. Mater. Today Proc. 2020, 33, 1979–1983. [CrossRef]22. Neˇcemer, B.; Vuherer, T.; Glodež, S.; Kramberger, J. Fatigue behaviour of re-entrant auxetic structures made of the aluminium alloy AA7075-T651. Thin-Walled Struct. 2022, 180, 109917. [CrossRef]23. Ulbin, M.; Borovinšek, M.; Vesenjak, M.; Glodež, S. Computational Fatigue Analysis of Auxetic Cellular Structures Made of SLM AlSi10Mg Alloy. Metals 2020, 10, 945. [CrossRef]24. Michalski, J.; Strek, T. Fatigue Life of Auxetic Re-entrant Honeycomb Structure, International Scientific-Technical Conference Manufacturing; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 50–60.25. Tomažinˇciˇc, D.; Neˇcemer, B.; Vesenjak, M.; Klemenc, J. Low-cycle fatigue life of thin-plate auxetic cellular structures made from aluminium alloy 7075-T651. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2019, 42, 1022–1036. [CrossRef]26. Schijve, J. Fatigue of Structures and Materials; Springer Science & Business Media: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2001.27. Niesłony, A.; el Dsoki, C.; Kaufmann, H.; Krug, P. New method for evaluation of the Manson–Coffin–Basquin and Ramberg– Osgood equations with respect to compatibility. Int. J. Fatigue 2008, 30, 1967–1977. [CrossRef]28. Suresh, S. Fatigue of Materials; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1998.29. Li, J.; Sun, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Qiao, Y.-J.; Liu, J. A modification of Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameter for fatigue life prediction under non-proportional loading. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 2012, 35, 301–316. [CrossRef]30. Tamadon, A.; Pons, D.J.; Sued, K.; Clucas, D. Internal Flow Behaviour and Microstructural Evolution of the Bobbin-FSW Welds: Thermomechanical Comparison between 1xxx and 3xxx Aluminium Grades. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2021, 21, 40–64. [CrossRef]31. Mohan, D.G.; Tomków, J.; Gopi, S. Induction Assisted Hybrid Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Materials AA5052 Aluminium Alloy and X12Cr13 Stainless Steel. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2021, 21, 17–30. [CrossRef]32. Tu, X.; Shahba, A.; Shen, J.; Ghosh, S. Microstructure and property based statistically equivalent RVEs for polycrystallinepolyphase aluminum alloys. Int. J. Plast. 2019, 115, 268–292. [CrossRef]161213Auxetic structuresRe-entrant cellPoisson’s ratioFatigue lifeAluminum 7075-T6PublicationORIGINALInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdfInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf6644708https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58e9a5c9-a5ac-4786-96b8-b1abe58ab44a/downloada13d372fb10c1fa3f2628638aa525779MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ac17e48b-0cf1-4d03-a310-44bee30b8359/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdf.txtInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain60062https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/69510bf4-b188-4952-9839-b39bde0e2493/download2d7ef73e50f56b5a453522eaece0f583MD53THUMBNAILInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdf.jpgInvestigating the effects of geometrical parameters of re-entrant cells of aluminum 7075-T651 auxetic structures on fatigue life.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15949https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/86b049a9-bcc0-429e-8742-d1d98cd3df42/download598fb26a456c4698092c322e84e3260fMD5411323/10207oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/102072024-09-17 11:05:42.639https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 by the authors. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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