An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service

Nowadays, the citizens are more aware of high-quality medical care than ever. They pay much attention to medical treatment safety, instructions from physicians, and the overall service quality performed by the hospital. To manage a hospital successfully, the important goals are to attract and then r...

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Autores:
Ortiz Barrios, Miguel Angel
Combita Nino, Johana Patricia
La De Hoz, Alvaro A.
De Felice, Fabio
Petrillo, Antonella
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2016
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/1414
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1414
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
AHP
Analytic hierarchy process
DEMATEL
Hospitals
MCDM
Medical engineering
Multiple criteria decision making
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución – No comercial – Compartir igual
id RCUC2_67f35c406b16b92576e2ef032ba80fc1
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/1414
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
title An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
spellingShingle An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
AHP
Analytic hierarchy process
DEMATEL
Hospitals
MCDM
Medical engineering
Multiple criteria decision making
title_short An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
title_full An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
title_fullStr An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
title_full_unstemmed An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
title_sort An integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient service
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ortiz Barrios, Miguel Angel
Combita Nino, Johana Patricia
La De Hoz, Alvaro A.
De Felice, Fabio
Petrillo, Antonella
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Ortiz Barrios, Miguel Angel
Combita Nino, Johana Patricia
La De Hoz, Alvaro A.
De Felice, Fabio
Petrillo, Antonella
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv AHP
Analytic hierarchy process
DEMATEL
Hospitals
MCDM
Medical engineering
Multiple criteria decision making
topic AHP
Analytic hierarchy process
DEMATEL
Hospitals
MCDM
Medical engineering
Multiple criteria decision making
description Nowadays, the citizens are more aware of high-quality medical care than ever. They pay much attention to medical treatment safety, instructions from physicians, and the overall service quality performed by the hospital. To manage a hospital successfully, the important goals are to attract and then retain as many patients as possible by meeting potential demands of various kinds of the patients. In this context the decision making process is important in order to achieve a strategic decision and strategy. When the decision making problem occurs there is usually a limited number of possible alternatives but a large number of criteria according to which the optimal solution is selected. It is important to use an appropriate approach. This study presents a hybrid methodological approach based on the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method and Analytic Hierarchy process method to define the best allied hospital for an integrated network of outpatient service. The goal of this paper is to present a methodological approach and a practical application of hybrid method in a real case study.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2016
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-11-20T14:47:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-11-20T14:47:51Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Ferguson, R., 1955. Optimal estimation of executive compensation by linear programming, Management Science, 1, 138-151. Chiu, Y.J., H.C. Chen, J.Z. Shyu and G.H. Tzeng, 2006. Marketing strategy based on customer behavior for the LCD-TV. Int. J. Manage. Decision Making, 7(2-3): 143-165. Dalkey, N. C. and Helmer, O., 1963. An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9 (3), 458-467.De Felice, F., 2012. Editorial Research and applications of AHP/ANP and MCDA for decision making in manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 50(17), 4735–4737. De Felice, F., Petrillo, A., 2014. Proposal of a structured methodology for the measure of intangible criteria and for decision making. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling, 9(3), 157-166. Ismail, N.I., Abdullah, N.H., Shamsuddin, A., 2014. Adoption of Hospital Information System (HIS) in Malaysian Public Hospitals. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 172 ( 2015 ) 336 – 343 Falatoonitoosi, E., Ahmed, S., Sorooshian, S., 2014. Expanded DEMATEL for Determining Cause and Effect Group in Bidirectional Relations. Sci. World J 2014, 2014: 7. Fontela, E., Gabus, A., 1974. DEMATEL, innovative methods, Technical report no. 2, Structural analysis of the world problematique. Battelle Geneva Research Institute, 1974. Fontela, E., A. Gabus, 1976. The DEMATEL observer, DEMATEL 1976 report. Battelle Geneva Research Center, Switzerland Geneva. Franek, J., Kashi, K.,2014. A Review annd critique of hybrid MADM methods application in real business. In Proceedings of International Symposium of the Analytic Hierarchy Process 2014, June 29- July 2, 2014, Washington D.C., U.S.A. Gabus, A., Fontela, E., 1972. World Problems an Invitation to Further Thought within the Framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Switzerland, Geneva. Gabus, A., Fontela, E., 1973. Perceptions of the World Problematique: Communication Procedure, Communicating with those Bearing Collective Responsibility. Henriksen, K., Battles, J. B., Marks, E. S., Lewin, D. I., Schiff, G. D., Kim, S., ... & McNutt, R. A. (2005). Diagnosing diagnosis errors: lessons from a multi-institutional collaborative project. Huang, C.Y., J.Z. Shyu and G.H. Tzeng, 2007. Reconfiguring the innovation policy portfolios for Taiwan's SIP Mall industry. Technovation, 27(12): 744-765. Hori, S. and Y. Shimizu, 1999. Designingmethods of human interface for supervisory control systems. Control Eng. Pract., 7(11): 1413-1419.Jharkharia, S., Shankar, R., 2007. Selection of logistics service provider: An analytic network process (ANP) approach. Omega 2007, 35(3): 274–289. Kassirer, J.P. 2000. Patients physicians, and the internet, HealthAff. 19 (6) (2000) 115–123. Lee, H.W., Ramayah, T., Zakaria, N., 2012. External factors in hospital information system (HIS) adoption model: a case on Malaysia, J. Med. Syst. 36 (4) (2012) 2129–2140. Li C.-W., Tzeng, G.-H., 2009. Identification of a threshold value for the DEMATEL method using the maximum mean de-entropy algorithm to find critical services provided by a semiconductor intellectual property mall. Expert Syst. Appl 2009, 36(6): 9891–9898. Lin, C.J. and W.W. Wu, 2008. A causal analytical method for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Exp. Syst. Appl., 34(1): 205-213. Liou, J.J.H., G.H. Tzeng and H.C. Chang, 2007. Airline safety measurement using a hybrid model. J. Air Transp. Manag., 13(4): 243-249. Mandelzweig, L., Goldbourt, U., Boyko, V., & Tanne, D. (2006). Perceptual, social, and behavioral factors associated with delays in seeking medical care in patients with symptoms of acute stroke. Stroke, 37(5), 1248-1253. Omachonu, V.K., Einspruch, N.G., 2007. Systems engineering inthe healthcare service industry, Int. J. Healthc. Technol.Manag. 8 (1) (2007) 161–172. Pecchia, L., Bath, P. A., Pendleton, N., & Bracale, M., 2010. Web-based system for assessing risk factors for falls in community-dwelling elderly people using the analytic hierarchy process. Internationa Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 2(2). Pecchia, L., Martin, J. L., Ragozzino, A., Vanzanella, C., Scognamiglio, A., Mirarchi, L., & Morgan, S. P., 2013. User needs elicitation via analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A case study on a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 13(1), 2. Raisinghani, M.S., Meade, L., Schkade, L. L., 2007. Strategic e-Business Decision Analysis Using the Analytic Network Process. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag 2007, 54(4): 673–686.Saaty, T. L. 1978. Modeling unstructured decision problems - the theory of analytical hierarchies. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. Volume 20, Issue 3, September 1978, Pages 147-158. Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Saaty, T. L., 1990. How to make a decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operations Research, 48, 9–26. Saaty, T. L., 1996. Decision making with dependence and feedback: Analytic network process. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications. Saaty, T.L., 2004. Decision making — the Analytic Hierarchy and Network Processes (AHP/ANP). J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng 2004, 13(1):1–35. Saaty, T.L., Vargas, L.G., 2013. Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process: Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013, 380. Saaty, T. L., 2009. An essay on how judgment and measurement are different in science and in decision making. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1(1). Shieh, J.I., Wu, H.H., Huang, K..K. 2010. A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems 2010, 23:277–282. Shih-Chi, C., C.C. Sun and A. Herchan, 2011. The DEMATEL approach applied to solar cell industry material selection process in Taiwan. Session Interd. Manage. Sem., 15(13): 253- 267. Tsai, W. H., & Chou, W. C. (2009). Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: A novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 1444–1458. Wu, W.W., Y.T. Lee, 2007. Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Exp. Syst. Appl., 32(2): 499-507. Yang, J.L., Tzeng, G.H., 2011. An integrated MCDM technique combined with DEMATEL for a novel. Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) 1417–1424. cluster-weighted with ANP method.Yang T., Hsieh C.-H., 2009. Six-Sigma project selection using national quality award criteria and Delphi fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method. Expert Syst. Appl 2009, 36(4): 7594–7603. Zadeh, L.A. (1965). "Fuzzy sets". Information and Control 8 (3): 338–353.
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spelling Ortiz Barrios, Miguel AngelCombita Nino, Johana PatriciaLa De Hoz, Alvaro A.De Felice, FabioPetrillo, Antonella2018-11-20T14:47:51Z2018-11-20T14:47:51Z201617550653https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1414Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Nowadays, the citizens are more aware of high-quality medical care than ever. They pay much attention to medical treatment safety, instructions from physicians, and the overall service quality performed by the hospital. To manage a hospital successfully, the important goals are to attract and then retain as many patients as possible by meeting potential demands of various kinds of the patients. In this context the decision making process is important in order to achieve a strategic decision and strategy. When the decision making problem occurs there is usually a limited number of possible alternatives but a large number of criteria according to which the optimal solution is selected. It is important to use an appropriate approach. This study presents a hybrid methodological approach based on the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method and Analytic Hierarchy process method to define the best allied hospital for an integrated network of outpatient service. The goal of this paper is to present a methodological approach and a practical application of hybrid method in a real case study.Ortiz Barrios, Miguel Angel-0000-0001-6890-7547-600Combita Nino, Johana Patricia-0000-0003-4677-9489-600La De Hoz, Alvaro A.-1745b8ad-06a1-4dd8-908e-50217dea782f-0De Felice, Fabio-59da3a34-48d5-40ee-b35e-281128b3dd89-0Petrillo, Antonella-9aef617a-dab4-4777-bed1-d698823e08a6-0engInternational Journal of Medical Engineering and InformaticsAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2AHPAnalytic hierarchy processDEMATELHospitalsMCDMMedical engineeringMultiple criteria decision makingAn integrated approach of AHP-DEMATEL methods applied for the selection of allied hospitals in outpatient serviceArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionCharnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Ferguson, R., 1955. Optimal estimation of executive compensation by linear programming, Management Science, 1, 138-151. Chiu, Y.J., H.C. Chen, J.Z. Shyu and G.H. Tzeng, 2006. Marketing strategy based on customer behavior for the LCD-TV. Int. J. Manage. Decision Making, 7(2-3): 143-165. Dalkey, N. C. and Helmer, O., 1963. An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9 (3), 458-467.De Felice, F., 2012. Editorial Research and applications of AHP/ANP and MCDA for decision making in manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 50(17), 4735–4737. De Felice, F., Petrillo, A., 2014. Proposal of a structured methodology for the measure of intangible criteria and for decision making. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling, 9(3), 157-166. Ismail, N.I., Abdullah, N.H., Shamsuddin, A., 2014. Adoption of Hospital Information System (HIS) in Malaysian Public Hospitals. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 172 ( 2015 ) 336 – 343 Falatoonitoosi, E., Ahmed, S., Sorooshian, S., 2014. Expanded DEMATEL for Determining Cause and Effect Group in Bidirectional Relations. Sci. World J 2014, 2014: 7. Fontela, E., Gabus, A., 1974. DEMATEL, innovative methods, Technical report no. 2, Structural analysis of the world problematique. Battelle Geneva Research Institute, 1974. Fontela, E., A. Gabus, 1976. The DEMATEL observer, DEMATEL 1976 report. Battelle Geneva Research Center, Switzerland Geneva. Franek, J., Kashi, K.,2014. A Review annd critique of hybrid MADM methods application in real business. In Proceedings of International Symposium of the Analytic Hierarchy Process 2014, June 29- July 2, 2014, Washington D.C., U.S.A. Gabus, A., Fontela, E., 1972. World Problems an Invitation to Further Thought within the Framework of DEMATEL. Battelle Geneva Research Centre, Switzerland, Geneva. Gabus, A., Fontela, E., 1973. Perceptions of the World Problematique: Communication Procedure, Communicating with those Bearing Collective Responsibility. Henriksen, K., Battles, J. B., Marks, E. S., Lewin, D. I., Schiff, G. D., Kim, S., ... & McNutt, R. A. (2005). Diagnosing diagnosis errors: lessons from a multi-institutional collaborative project. Huang, C.Y., J.Z. Shyu and G.H. Tzeng, 2007. Reconfiguring the innovation policy portfolios for Taiwan's SIP Mall industry. Technovation, 27(12): 744-765. Hori, S. and Y. Shimizu, 1999. Designingmethods of human interface for supervisory control systems. Control Eng. Pract., 7(11): 1413-1419.Jharkharia, S., Shankar, R., 2007. Selection of logistics service provider: An analytic network process (ANP) approach. Omega 2007, 35(3): 274–289. Kassirer, J.P. 2000. Patients physicians, and the internet, HealthAff. 19 (6) (2000) 115–123. Lee, H.W., Ramayah, T., Zakaria, N., 2012. External factors in hospital information system (HIS) adoption model: a case on Malaysia, J. Med. Syst. 36 (4) (2012) 2129–2140. Li C.-W., Tzeng, G.-H., 2009. Identification of a threshold value for the DEMATEL method using the maximum mean de-entropy algorithm to find critical services provided by a semiconductor intellectual property mall. Expert Syst. Appl 2009, 36(6): 9891–9898. Lin, C.J. and W.W. Wu, 2008. A causal analytical method for group decision-making under fuzzy environment. Exp. Syst. Appl., 34(1): 205-213. Liou, J.J.H., G.H. Tzeng and H.C. Chang, 2007. Airline safety measurement using a hybrid model. J. Air Transp. Manag., 13(4): 243-249. Mandelzweig, L., Goldbourt, U., Boyko, V., & Tanne, D. (2006). Perceptual, social, and behavioral factors associated with delays in seeking medical care in patients with symptoms of acute stroke. Stroke, 37(5), 1248-1253. Omachonu, V.K., Einspruch, N.G., 2007. Systems engineering inthe healthcare service industry, Int. J. Healthc. Technol.Manag. 8 (1) (2007) 161–172. Pecchia, L., Bath, P. A., Pendleton, N., & Bracale, M., 2010. Web-based system for assessing risk factors for falls in community-dwelling elderly people using the analytic hierarchy process. Internationa Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 2(2). Pecchia, L., Martin, J. L., Ragozzino, A., Vanzanella, C., Scognamiglio, A., Mirarchi, L., & Morgan, S. P., 2013. User needs elicitation via analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A case study on a Computed Tomography (CT) scanner. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 13(1), 2. Raisinghani, M.S., Meade, L., Schkade, L. L., 2007. Strategic e-Business Decision Analysis Using the Analytic Network Process. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag 2007, 54(4): 673–686.Saaty, T. L. 1978. Modeling unstructured decision problems - the theory of analytical hierarchies. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation. Volume 20, Issue 3, September 1978, Pages 147-158. Saaty, T. L., 1980. The analytic hierarchy process. New York: McGraw-Hill. Saaty, T. L., 1990. How to make a decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operations Research, 48, 9–26. Saaty, T. L., 1996. Decision making with dependence and feedback: Analytic network process. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications. Saaty, T.L., 2004. Decision making — the Analytic Hierarchy and Network Processes (AHP/ANP). J. Syst. Sci. Syst. Eng 2004, 13(1):1–35. Saaty, T.L., Vargas, L.G., 2013. Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process: Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013, 380. Saaty, T. L., 2009. An essay on how judgment and measurement are different in science and in decision making. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1(1). Shieh, J.I., Wu, H.H., Huang, K..K. 2010. A DEMATEL method in identifying key success factors of hospital service quality. Knowledge-Based Systems 2010, 23:277–282. Shih-Chi, C., C.C. Sun and A. Herchan, 2011. The DEMATEL approach applied to solar cell industry material selection process in Taiwan. Session Interd. Manage. Sem., 15(13): 253- 267. Tsai, W. H., & Chou, W. C. (2009). Selecting management systems for sustainable development in SMEs: A novel hybrid model based on DEMATEL, ANP, and ZOGP. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 1444–1458. Wu, W.W., Y.T. Lee, 2007. Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Exp. Syst. Appl., 32(2): 499-507. Yang, J.L., Tzeng, G.H., 2011. An integrated MCDM technique combined with DEMATEL for a novel. Expert Systems with Applications 38 (2011) 1417–1424. cluster-weighted with ANP method.Yang T., Hsieh C.-H., 2009. Six-Sigma project selection using national quality award criteria and Delphi fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making method. Expert Syst. Appl 2009, 36(4): 7594–7603. Zadeh, L.A. (1965). "Fuzzy sets". Information and Control 8 (3): 338–353.PublicationORIGINALAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdfAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdfapplication/pdf1325359https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/49e38522-34b8-42e7-b4b9-fa89b51f89ef/download591f82d3c6c6f9d78552ed64a6dcdcfbMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/1cb160f6-9e79-4cc8-90b7-1bd66b038eca/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52THUMBNAILAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdf.jpgAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg38873https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58587300-e7e0-4123-82e4-e073d7402972/download7560fc073751d289b7366a15a24b223aMD54TEXTAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdf.txtAn integrated approach of AHP - DEMATEL methods applied.pdf.txttext/plain47617https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5995a71f-00d9-426f-baa6-66fea77d67c7/download668590fa5f2f162a20b5e02c0f94196dMD5511323/1414oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/14142024-09-17 14:09:55.706open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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