Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina

En las últimas décadas ha habido un aumento en el turismo de sol y playa, y por ende en la compra y uso de productos de protección solar. Sin embargo, diferentes investigaciones han demostrado que algunos ingredientes presentes en los protectores solares generan efectos tóxicos a los ecosistemas mar...

Full description

Autores:: Camargo Álvarez, Camilo Andrés
Rodríguez Arellana, Gabriela María

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: spa

id	RCUC2_65271d42b27d92bef5cd984c8f9d5846
oai_identifier_str	oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10351
network_acronym_str	RCUC2
network_name_str	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
title	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
spellingShingle	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina Protectores solares Encuesta Herramienta informativa Vida submarina Salud humana Tóxico Sunscreens Survey Informative tool Life below water Human health Toxic
title_short	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
title_full	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
title_fullStr	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
title_full_unstemmed	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
title_sort	Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Camargo Álvarez, Camilo Andrés Rodríguez Arellana, Gabriela María
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv	Schnorr, Carlos Eduardo Lucía Duarte, Ana
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Camargo Álvarez, Camilo Andrés Rodríguez Arellana, Gabriela María
dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv	Moreno, Andrea Torregroza, Ana
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	Protectores solares Encuesta Herramienta informativa Vida submarina Salud humana Tóxico
topic	Protectores solares Encuesta Herramienta informativa Vida submarina Salud humana Tóxico Sunscreens Survey Informative tool Life below water Human health Toxic
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	Sunscreens Survey Informative tool Life below water Human health Toxic
description	En las últimas décadas ha habido un aumento en el turismo de sol y playa, y por ende en la compra y uso de productos de protección solar. Sin embargo, diferentes investigaciones han demostrado que algunos ingredientes presentes en los protectores solares generan efectos tóxicos a los ecosistemas marinos y a la salud humana. Dada esta problemática, se encuestó a individuos de México, Colombia, Costa Rica y Nicaragua (donde no se obtuvieron respuestas) con el propósito de conocer: el nivel de consciencia acerca del uso de los protectores solares y el impacto sobre la vida submarina, el conocimiento acerca de los beneficios de los océanos, y los factores de compra del protector solar por parte de los encuestados. De esta misma forma, también se incluyó una herramienta informativa donde se evaluó el cambio de percepción de las respuestas antes y después que esta fuese leída. Los beneficios de los océanos más seleccionados por los encuestados fueron "fuente de alimentos" (72,54%) y "adaptación al cambio climático y mitigación de sus efectos" (72,30%), mientras que los menos seleccionados fueron "mejora de la igualdad de género" (1,88%) y "reducción de la pobreza" (13,62%). El nivel de consciencia ante el impacto de algunos ingredientes de protección solar fue bajo; sin embargo, después de leída la herramienta informativa el nivel de consciencia aumentó mostrando la efectividad de esta en los participantes. Por otro lado, aunque gran parte de los encuestados escogió como factor de compra principal "no grasoso" (48,36%) y "alto SPF" (42,02%); después de estar expuestos a la información, fueron persuadidos a escoger "no tóxico para el ambiente" (69,2%) y "no tóxico para las personas" (61%), dando como prioridad la conservación de la vida submarina y su sostenibilidad.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-08-01T12:55:12Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-08-01T12:55:12Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10351
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	REDICUC-Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
url	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10351 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC-Repositorio CUC
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Adler, B. L., & DeLeo, V. A. (2020). Sunscreen Safety: a Review of Recent Studies on Humans and the Environment. In Current Dermatology Reports (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-020-00284-4 Agawin, N. S. R., Sunyer-Caldú, A., Díaz-Cruz, M. S., Frank-Comas, A., García-Márquez, M. G., & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2022). Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica accumulates sunscreen UV filters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113417 Alamer, M., & Darbre, P. D. (2018). Effects of exposure to six chemical ultraviolet filters commonly used in personal care products on motility of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 38(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/JAT.3525 Aljasser, M. I., Aljumah, A., Alzaydi, M., Alassaf, A., Alassafi, S., Alassafi, M. T., Almedlej, M., & Masuadi, E. (2020). Sunscreen Use among a Population of Saudi University Students. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2020, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4732721 Alonso, M. B., Feo, M. L., Corcellas, C., Gago-Ferrero, P., Bertozzi, C. P., Marigo, J., Flach, L., Meirelles, A. C. O., Carvalho, V. L., Azevedo, A. F., Torres, J. P. M., Lailson-Brito, J., Malm, O., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., Eljarrat, E., & Barceló, D. (2015a). Toxic heritage: Maternal transfer of pyrethroid insecticides and sunscreen agents in dolphins from Brazil. Environmental Pollution, 207, 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.039 Andrade, C. A., & Barton, E. D. (2000). Eddy development and motion in the Caribbean Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105(C11), 26191–26201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000300 Baker, S., Constant, N., & Nicol, P. (2023). Oceans justice: Trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals in the Seychelles. Marine Policy, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105357 Barraza, J., Mariona, G., & Pineda, L. (2014). Fauna y Flora Una ges enérgica, ar culada, inclusiva, responsable y transparente. Becerra, M. J., Pimentel, M. A., De Souza, E. B., & Tovar, G. I. (2020). Geospatiality of climate change perceptions on coastal regions: A systematic bibliometric analysis. Geography and Sustainability, 1(3), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.09.002 Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492 Cabrera-Hernández, R., Gil-Fernández, M., & Guerrero-Ortíz, S. (2015). Biodiversidad, Situación Costera, Conectividad e Interacciones Humano-Fauna en el Parque Nacional Cahuita. Carvalho, R. N., Ceriani, L., Ippolito, A., & Lettieri, T. (2015). Development of the first Watch List under the Environmental Quality Standards Directive 2015 Report EUR xxxxx xx. https://doi.org/10.2788/101376 Casas-Beltrán, D. A., Febles-Moreno, K., Hernandez-Yac, E., Gallaher, C. M., Alvarado-Flores, J., Leal-Bautista, R. M., & Lenczewski, M. (2021). Impact of tourist behavior on the discharge of sunscreen contamination in aquatic parks, sinkholes, and beaches of the Mexican caribbean. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156882 Castanedo-Cazares, J. P., Torres-Álvarez, B., Medellín-Pérez, E., Aguilar-Hernández, G. A., Moncada, B., & Prieto, I. M. (2006). Conocimientos y actitudes de la población mexicana con respecto a la radiación solar. 142(6), 2795. Chuang, K. J., Lee, K. Y., Pan, C. H., Lai, C. H., Lin, L. Y., Ho, S. C., Ho, K. F., & Chuang, H. C. (2016). Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on human coronary artery endothelial cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 93, 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCT.2016.05.008 Cocci, P., Mosconi, G., & Palermo, F. A. (2020). Sunscreen active ingredients in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and their relation to molecular markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and hormonal activity in wild populations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153(September 2019), 111012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111012 Corinaldesi, C., Damiani, E., Marcellini, F., Falugi, C., Tiano, L., Brugè, F., & Danovaro, R. (2017). Sunscreen products impair the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08013-x Corinaldesi, C., Marcellini, F., Nepote, E., Damiani, E., & Danovaro, R. (2018). Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of the Total Environment, 637–638, 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.108 Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Greci, L., & Pusceddu, A. (2008). Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(4), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10966 Danovaro, R., & Corinaldesi, C. (2003). Sunscreen products increase virus production through prophage induction in marine bacterioplankton. Microbial Ecology, 45(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-002-1033-0 Diehl, K., Schneider, S., Seuffert, S., Greinert, R., & Görig, T. (2020). Who Are the Nonusers of Sunscreen, and What Are Their Reasons? Development of a New Item Set. Journal of Cancer Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01732-2 Dixon, J. A., Scura, L. F., & Van’t Hof, T. (1993). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Meeting Ecological and Economic Goals: Marine Parks in the Caribbean Meeting Ecological and Economic Goals: Marine Parks i n the Caribbean. In Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics (Vol. 22, Issue 3). Donoghue, J. F. (2011). Sea level history of the northern Gulf of Mexico coast and sea level rise scenarios for the near future. Climatic Change, 107(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0077-x Downs, C. A., Cruz, O. T., & Remengesau, T. E. (2022). Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, July 2021, 896–906. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3791 Downs, C. A., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., White, W. T., Rice, M., Jim, L., Punihaole, C., Dant, M., Gautam, K., Woodley, C. M., Walsh, K. O., Perry, J., Downs, E. M., Bishop, L., Garg, A., King, K., Paltin, T., McKinley, E. B., Beers, A. I., Anbumani, S., & Bagshaw, J. (2022). Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546 Ferguson, K. K., Meeker, J. D., Cantonwine, D. E., Mukherjee, B., Pace, G. G., Weller, D., & McElrath, T. F. (2018). Environmental phenol associations with ultrasound and delivery measures of fetal growth. Environment International, 112, 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2017.12.011 Fivenson, D., Sabzevari, N., Qiblawi, S., Blitz, J., Norton, B. B., & Norton, S. A. (2021). Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 2-Increasing awareness of UV filters and their potential toxicities to us and our environment. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology, 7(1), 45–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJWD.2020.08.008 Fouqueray, M., Noury, P., Dherret, L., Chaurand, P., Abbaci, K., Labille, J., Rose, J., & Garric, J. (2013). Exposure of juvenile Danio rerio to aged TiO2 nanomaterial from sunscreen. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(5), 3340–3350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1256-7 Gadelha, J. R., Rocha, A. C., Camacho, C., Eljarrat, E., Peris, A., Aminot, Y., Readman, J. W., Boti, V., Nannou, C., Kapsi, M., Albanis, T., Rocha, F., Machado, A., Bordalo, A., Valente, L. M. P., Nunes, M. L., Marques, A., & Almeida, C. M. R. (2019). Persistent and emerging pollutants assessment on aquaculture oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from NW Portuguese coast (Ria De Aveiro). Science of the Total Environment, 666, 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.280 Gago-Ferrero, P., Alonso, M. B., Bertozzi, C. P., Marigo, J., Barbosa, L., Cremer, M., Secchi, E. R., Domit, C., Azevedo, A., Lailson-Brito, J., Torres, J. P. M., Malm, O., Eljarrat, E., Díaz-Cruz, M. S., & Barceló, D. (2013). Erratum: First determination of UV filters in marine mammals. Octocrylene levels in franciscana dolphins (Environmental Science and Technology (2013) 47:11 (5619-5625) DOI:10.1021/es400675y). Environmental Science and Technology, 47(20), 11914. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404272y Galamgam, J., Linou, N., & Linos, E. (2018). Sunscreens, cancer, and protecting our planet. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(11), e465–e466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30224-9 Garcia, O., & Cater, C. (2020). Life below water; challenges for tourism partnerships in achieving ocean literacy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1850747 Ghazaei, F., & Shariati, M. (2020). Effects of titanium nanoparticles on the photosynthesis, respiration, and physiological parameters in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Protoplasma, 257(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01420-z Glanz, K., Kwong, P. L., Avelis, J., & Cassel, K. (2022). Development of a Survey of Sunscreen Use and Attitudes among Adults in Two Coastal States, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052677 Gobierno de México. (2017). Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano y el desarrollo sustentable \| Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales \| Gobierno \| gob.mx. https://www.gob.mx/semarnat/articulos/sistema-arrecifal-veracruzano-y-el-desarrollo-sustentable?idiom=es Hass, U. ;, Christiansen, S. ;, Petersen, M., Axelstad, ;, Boberg, J. ;, Andersson, A.-M. ;, Skakkebaek, N. E. ;, Bay, K. ;, Holbeck, H. ;, Lund Kinnberg, K. ;, Bjerregaard, P., Hass, U., Christiansen, S., Petersen, M. A., Andersson, J., & Bjerregaard, A.-M. (2012). General rights Evaluation of 22 SIN List 2.0 substances according to the Danish proposal on criteria for endocrine disrupters. Downloaded from Orbit.Dtu.Dk On. He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ma, C. Y., Yiu, S. K. F., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan, T. Y., Lam, P. K. S., & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Toxicological effects of two organic ultraviolet filters and a related commercial sunscreen product in adult corals. Environmental Pollution, 245, 462–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2018.11.029 Heim, J., Felder, E., Tahir, M. N., Kaltbeitzel, A., Heinrich, U. R., Brochhausen, C., Mailänder, V., Tremel, W., & Brieger, J. (2015). Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 7(19), 8931–8938. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01167A Horricks, R. A., Tabin, S. K., Edwards, J. J., Lumsden, J. S., & Marancik, D. P. (2019). Organic ultraviolet filters in nearshore waters and in the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Grenada, West Indies. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220280 Huang, Y., Wang, P., Law, J. C. F., Zhao, Y., Wei, Q., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Shi, H., & Leung, K. S. Y. (2020). Organic UV filter exposure and pubertal development: A prospective follow-up study of urban Chinese adolescents. Environment International, 143, 105961. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2020.105961 INVEMAR. (2014). Áreas de arrecifes de coral, pastos marinos, playas de arena y manglares con potencial de restauración en Colombia. http://www.invemar.org.co/redcostera1/invemar/docs/12379Portafolio_Restauracion_Final_26ene.pdf INVEMAR. (2016a). PLAN DE ACCIÓN DEL SUBSISTEMA DE ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS SAMP • 2016-2023. INVEMAR. (2016b). INVEMAR \| Colombia 50% Mar. https://www.invemar.org.co/noticias/-/asset_publisher/LDoaFqdaVjYL/content/colombia-es-50-mar-aguas-y-costas-que-conservan-35-areas-marinas-protegidas?inheritRedirect=false Jameson, S. C., Stevens, K., & Bennett, R. C. (2019). Nicaragua: Caribbean Coast. World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume I: Europe, the Americas and West Africa, 725–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805068-2.00032-2 Janczewski, M. (2019, November 21). Aruba Officially Bans Plastics and Oxybenzone \| VisitAruba News. https://www.visitaruba.com/news/general/aruba-officially-bans-plastics-and-oxybenzone/ Kim, H., Jeon, D., Oh, S., Nam, K. S., Son, S., Chan Gye, M., & Shin, I. (2019). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis by interfering with EGFR signaling in human breast cancer cells. Environmental Research, 175, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2019.05.001 Kim, S., & Choi, K. (2014). Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: A mini-review. Environment International, 70, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015 Krause, M., Klit, A., Jensen, M. B., Søeborg, T., Frederiksen, H., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Skakkebaek, N. E., & Drzewiecki, K. T. (2012). Sunscreens: are they beneficial for health? An overview of endocrine disrupting properties of UV-filters. International Journal of Andrology, 35(3), 424–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2605.2012.01280.X Labille, J., Slomberg, D., Catalano, R., Robert, S., Apers-Tremelo, M. L., Boudenne, J. L., Manasfi, T., & Radakovitch, O. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 706, 136010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.136010 Levine, A. (2020). Sunscreen use and awareness of chemical toxicity among beach goers in Hawaii prior to a ban on the sale of sunscreens containing ingredients found to be toxic to coral reef ecosystems. Marine Policy, 117(February 2020), 103875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103875 Li, J., Song, Y., Vogt, R. D., Liu, Y., Luo, J., & Li, T. (2020). Bioavailability and cytotoxicity of Cerium- (IV), Copper- (II), and Zinc oxide nanoparticles to human intestinal and liver cells through food. Science of The Total Environment, 702, 134700. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.134700 Lithgow, D., Martínez, M. L., Gallego-Fernández, J. B., Silva, R., & Ramírez-Vargas, D. L. (2019). Exploring the co-occurrence between coastal squeeze and coastal tourism in a changing climate and its consequences. Tourism Management, 74, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.02.005 Liu, C., Liu, G., Yang, Q., Luo, T., He, P., Franzese, P. P., & Lombardi, G. V. (2021). Emergy-based evaluation of world coastal ecosystem services. Water Research, 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117656 Liu, Q., Xu, C., Ji, G., Liu, H., Mo, Y., Tollerud, D. J., Gu, A., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Sublethal effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on male reproductive cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 35, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIV.2016.05.017 Lozano, C., Matallana-Surget, S., Givens, J., Nouet, S., Arbuckle, L., Lambert, Z., & Lebaron, P. (2020). Toxicity of UV filters on marine bacteria: Combined effects with damaging solar radiation. Science of the Total Environment, 722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137803 Ma, R., Cotton, B., Lichtensteiger, W., & Schlumpf, M. (2003). UV Filters with Antagonistic Action at Androgen Receptors in the MDA-kb2 Cell Transcriptional-Activation Assay. Toxicological Sciences, 74(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/TOXSCI/KFG102 Ma, Y., & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(4), 1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004 Mackay, E. A., & Spencer, A. (2017). The future of Caribbean tourism: competition and climate change implications. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 44–59). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0069 Majhi, P. D., Sharma, A., Roberts, A. L., Daniele, E., Majewski, A. R., Chuong, L. M., Black, A. L., Vandenberg, L. N., Schneider, S. S., Dunphy, K. A., & Jerry, D. J. (2020). Effects of Benzophenone-3 and Propylparaben on Estrogen Receptor–Dependent R-Loops and DNA Damage in Breast Epithelial Cells and Mice. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(1). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5221 Malea, P., Charitonidou, K., Sperdouli, I., Mylona, Z., & Moustakas, M. (2019). Zinc uptake, photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative stress in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. Materials, 12(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132101 MARENA. (2018). MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE Y LOS RECURSOS NATURALES GOBIERNO REGIONAL AUTONOMO ATLANTICO NORTE GOBIERNO TERRITORIAL INDIGENA TAWIRA Titulo/Nombre del área: MISKITOS, RAAN NICARAGUA Presentada por: MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE Y LOS RECURSOS NATURALES (MARENA), GOBIERNO REGIONAL AUTONOMO ATLANTICO (GRAAN), ALCALDIA MUNICIPAL DE PUERTO CABEZAS, GTI TAWIRA, COMITÉ CONSULTIVO FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL título, datos de contacto)). MARENA. (2022). Álbum Áreas Protegidas – Marena. https://www.marena.gob.ni/album-areas-protegidas/#1626291683037-86073b6b-b07c Milito, A., Castellano, I., & Damiani, E. (2021). From sea to skin: Is there a future for natural photoprotectants? Marine Drugs, 19(7), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070379 Miloslavich, P., Díaz, J. M., Klein, E., Alvarado, J. J., Díaz, C., Gobin, J., Escobar-Briones, E., Cruz-Motta, J. J., Weil, E., Cortés, J., Bastidas, A. C., Robertson, R., Zapata, F., Martín, A., Castillo, J., Kazandjian, A., & Ortiz, M. (2010). Marine biodiversity in the caribbean: Regional estimates and distribution patterns. PLoS ONE, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011916 Monteiro, F., Lemos, L. S., de Moura, J. F., Rocha, R. C. C., Moreira, I., Di Beneditto, A. P. M., Kehrig, H. A., Bordon, I. C., Siciliano, S., Saint’Pierre, T. D., & Hauser-Davis, R. A. (2020). Total and subcellular Ti distribution and detoxification processes in Pontoporia blainvillei and Steno bredanensis dolphins from Southeastern Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153(February), 110975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110975 Mora, A., Fernández, C., Ana, G., Guzmán, G., Editado Por Ma, M., & Cajiao Marviva, V. (2006). Áreas Marinas Protegidas y Áreas Marinas de Uso Múltiple de Costa Rica-Notas para una discusión Elaborado por. Morelli, E., Gabellieri, E., Bonomini, A., Tognotti, D., Grassi, G., & Corsi, I. (2018). TiO2 nanoparticles in seawater: Aggregation and interactions with the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148(February 2017), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.024 Mylona, Z., Panteris, E., Kevrekidis, T., & Malea, P. (2020). Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on leaf cell structure and viability, and leaf elongation in the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Science of the Total Environment, 719, 137378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137378 Naciones Unidas. (2018). La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: una oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. www.issuu.com/publicacionescepal/stacks Naciones Unidas. (2022). The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022_Spanish. Nevermann, H., Becerra Gomez, J. N., Fröhle, P., & Shokri, N. (2023). Land loss implications of sea level rise along the coastline of Colombia under different climate change scenarios. Climate Risk Management, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100470 Ocean economy and developing countries - OECD. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2023, from https://www.oecd.org/ocean/topics/developing-countries-and-the-ocean-economy/ Oceana. (2021). ANP MARINAS, insuficientes para proteger manglares y arrecifes. ONU. (2019). Objetivo 14. Vida submarina: por qué es importante. Sustainable Development Goals, 2. Osiris, E., & Espinal, C. (2018). Rendimiento corporal de especies de peces nativos del Golfo de Fonseca de Honduras. Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, 23, 46–59. https://doi.org/10.5377/RCT.V0I23.6860 Ouchene, L., Litvinov, I. V., & Netchiporouk, E. (2019). Hawaii and Other Jurisdictions Ban Oxybenzone or Octinoxate Sunscreens Based on the Confirmed Adverse Environmental Effects of Sunscreen Ingredients on Aquatic Environments. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 23(6), 648–649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475419871592 Pappas, S. (2018, May 17). Another Tropical Paradise Enacts a Sunscreen Ban \| Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/62598-bonaire-island-bans-sunscreen.html Philippat, C., Mortamais, M., Chevrier, C., Petit, C., Calafat, A. M., Ye, X., Silva, M. J., Brambilla, C., Pin, I., Charles, M. A., Cordier, S., & Slama, R. (2012). Exposure to phthalates and phenols during pregnancy and offspring size at birth. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3), 464–470. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.1103634 Portafolio. (2010, December 22). Los bloqueadores solares mueven 45.000 millones de pesos al año \| Finanzas \| Economía \| Portafolio. https://www.portafolio.co/economia/finanzas/bloqueadores-solares-mueven-45-000-millones-pesos-ano-150104 PROFEPA. (2013). Áreas Naturales Protegidas Marinas y Litorales. http://www.profepa.gob.mx/innovaportal/v/1380/1/mx.wap/areas_naturales_protegidas_marinas_y_litorales.html RAMSAR. (2008). Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes \| Servicio de Información sobre Sitios Ramsar. https://rsis.ramsar.org/es/ris/1820 Rangel-Buitrago, N., Correa, I. D., Anfuso, G., Ergin, A., & Williams, A. T. (2013). Assessing and managing scenery of the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. Tourism Management, 35, 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.008 Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., & Williams, A. T. (2015). Coastal erosion along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: Magnitudes, causes and management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 114, 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.024 Rodríguez, G., Luna, K., & Soto, M. (2010). Sunscreen Use Behaviour And Most Frequently Used Active Ingredients Among Beachgoers On Cancun, Mexico. Rogers, H. W., Weinstock, M. A., Feldman, S. R., & Coldiron, B. M. (2015). Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the us population, 2012. JAMA Dermatology, 151(10), 1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1187 Sánchez-Quiles, D., & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2015). Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism? In Environment International (Vol. 83, pp. 158–170). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.007 Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2001). In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(3), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.01109239 Schlumpf, M., Kypke, K., Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Mascher, H., Mascher, D., Vökt, C., Birchler, M., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2010). Exposure patterns of UV filters, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, organochlor pesticides, PBDEs, and PCBs in human milk: Correlation of UV filters with use of cosmetics. Chemosphere, 81(10), 1171–1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2010.09.079 Schneider, S. L., & Lim, H. W. (2019). Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 80(1), 266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2018.06.033 Schultz, P. W. (2011). Conservation Means Behavior. In Biology (Vol. 25, Issue 6). Seco Pon, J. P., Becherucci, M. E., Paterlini, C. Á., Quadri Adrogué, A., Castano, M. V., Zumpano, F., & García, G. O. (2022). Perception, knowledge and attitudes towards environmental issues and management among coastal users of the most important beach destination in Argentina. Ocean and Coastal Management, 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106070 Seemann, K. (2022, September 9). These 7 Locations Have Sunscreen Bans --- Here’s What You Need To Know – Zen Life and Travel. https://www.zenlifeandtravel.com/sunscreen-bans/ Seité, S., del Marmol, V., Moyal, D., & Friedman, A. J. (2017). Public primary and secondary skin cancer prevention, perceptions and knowledge: an international cross-sectional survey. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 31(5), 815–820. https://doi.org/10.1111/JDV.14104 Sharma, A., Bányiová, K., Babica, P., El Yamani, N., Collins, A. R., & Čupr, P. (2017). Different DNA damage response of cis and trans isomers of commonly used UV filter after the exposure on adult human liver stem cells and human lymphoblastoid cells. Science of The Total Environment, 593–594, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.03.043 Shen, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Concerned or Apathetic? Exploring online public opinions on climate change from 2008 to 2019: A Comparative study between China and other G20 countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 332, 117376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117376 Singh, G. G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Swartz, W., Cheung, W., Guy, J. A., Kenny, T. A., McOwen, C. J., Asch, R., Geffert, J. L., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Sumaila, R., Hanich, Q., & Ota, Y. (2018). A rapid assessment of co-benefits and trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals. Marine Policy, 93(March), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.030 Solky, B. A., Phillips, P. K., Christenson, L. J., Weaver, A. L., Roenigk, R. K., & Otley, C. C. (2007). Patient preferences for facial sunscreens: A split-face, randomized, blinded trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 57(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.003 Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio. (2020). Estudios Económicos Sectoriales: Protectores Solares en Colombia (2015-2019). 32, 0–37. Tampucci, S., Burgalassi, S., Chetoni, P., & Monti, D. (2018). Cutaneous permeation and penetration of sunscreens: Formulation strategies and in vitro methods. Cosmetics, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5010001 Teplitz, R. W., Glazer, A. M., Svoboda, R. M., & Rigel, D. S. (2018). Trends in US sunscreen formulations: Impact of increasing spray usage. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.07.040 Tian, L., Huang, L., Cui, H., Yang, F., & Li, Y. (2021). The toxicological impact of the sunscreen active ingredient octinoxate on the photosynthesis activity of Chlorella sp. Marine Environmental Research, 171(July), 105469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105469 Tovar-Sánchez, A., Sánchez-Quiles, D., Basterretxea, G., Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., Salvador, A., Moreno-Garrido, I., & Blasco, J. (2013). Sunscreen Products as Emerging Pollutants to Coastal Waters. PLoS ONE, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065451 Tsatalis, J., Burroway, B., & Bray, F. (2020). Evaluation of “reef safe” sunscreens: Labeling and cost implications for consumers. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(4), 1015–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.11.001 UN climate report: It’s ‘now or never’ to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees \| UN News. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2023, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115452 Valle-Sistac, J., Molins-Delgado, D., Díaz, M., Ibáñez, L., Barceló, D., & Silvia Díaz-Cruz, M. (2016). Determination of parabens and benzophenone-type UV filters in human placenta. First description of the existence of benzyl paraben and benzophenone-4. Environment International, 88, 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.12.034 Watkins, Y. S. D., & Sallach, J. B. (2021). Investigating the exposure and impact of chemical UV filters on coral reef ecosystems: Review and research gap prioritization. In Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (Vol. 17, Issue 5). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4411 Weig, E. A., Tull, R., Chung, J., Brown-Joel, Z. O., Majee, R., & Ferguson, N. N. (2019). Assessing factors affecting sunscreen use and barriers to compliance: a cross-sectional survey-based study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 31(4), 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2019.1587147 Williams, A. T., Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., Cervantes, O., & Botero, C. M. (2016). Litter impacts on scenery and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast. Tourism Management, 55, 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.008 Wolff, M. S., Engel, S. M., Berkowitz, G. S., Ye, X., Silva, M. J., Zhu, C., Wetmur, J., & Calafat, A. M. (2008). Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(8), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.11007 Woodruff, T. J. (2015). Making it real-the environmental burden of disease. What does it take to make people pay attention to the environment and health? In Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (Vol. 100, Issue 4, pp. 1241–1244). Endocrine Society. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1622 Yamada, M., Mohammed, Y., & Prow, T. W. (2020). Advances and controversies in studying sunscreen delivery and toxicity. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 153, 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.001 Yanine, Z., Dicker Jiménez, V., Ortegón Pulido, L. F., Rueda Rugeles, A. J., & Buitrago-Medina, D. A. (2021). Photoaging factors in patients from two healthcare centers in Colombia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(7), 2984–2994. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCD.14501
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv	Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv	Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv	118 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.coverage.region.none.fl_str_mv	Caribe
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.publisher.department.spa.fl_str_mv	Civil y Ambiental
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv	Barranquilla, Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv	Ingeniería Ambiental
institution	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b6fe1b7e-2275-4f70-b20a-1a6e0110d664/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d8b9e3ed-c743-45c7-a2a0-bd4e4cb16ef1/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e6821396-8150-4f3a-9389-c5134c21d27c/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7001305e-de5b-481c-84b4-2f35474bcd09/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	e6fc0a235b364be79fa8ba96c317cf6d 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a f13fb5ad774f876009319e429fb4720e 4cc967bc749a0315550ea28f57330196
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_	1811760754780536832
spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Schnorr, Carlos EduardoLucía Duarte, AnaCamargo Álvarez, Camilo AndrésRodríguez Arellana, Gabriela MaríaMoreno, AndreaTorregroza, Ana2023-08-01T12:55:12Z2023-08-01T12:55:12Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10351Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC-Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/En las últimas décadas ha habido un aumento en el turismo de sol y playa, y por ende en la compra y uso de productos de protección solar. Sin embargo, diferentes investigaciones han demostrado que algunos ingredientes presentes en los protectores solares generan efectos tóxicos a los ecosistemas marinos y a la salud humana. Dada esta problemática, se encuestó a individuos de México, Colombia, Costa Rica y Nicaragua (donde no se obtuvieron respuestas) con el propósito de conocer: el nivel de consciencia acerca del uso de los protectores solares y el impacto sobre la vida submarina, el conocimiento acerca de los beneficios de los océanos, y los factores de compra del protector solar por parte de los encuestados. De esta misma forma, también se incluyó una herramienta informativa donde se evaluó el cambio de percepción de las respuestas antes y después que esta fuese leída. Los beneficios de los océanos más seleccionados por los encuestados fueron "fuente de alimentos" (72,54%) y "adaptación al cambio climático y mitigación de sus efectos" (72,30%), mientras que los menos seleccionados fueron "mejora de la igualdad de género" (1,88%) y "reducción de la pobreza" (13,62%). El nivel de consciencia ante el impacto de algunos ingredientes de protección solar fue bajo; sin embargo, después de leída la herramienta informativa el nivel de consciencia aumentó mostrando la efectividad de esta en los participantes. Por otro lado, aunque gran parte de los encuestados escogió como factor de compra principal "no grasoso" (48,36%) y "alto SPF" (42,02%); después de estar expuestos a la información, fueron persuadidos a escoger "no tóxico para el ambiente" (69,2%) y "no tóxico para las personas" (61%), dando como prioridad la conservación de la vida submarina y su sostenibilidad.In recent decades there has been an increase in sun and beach tourism and therefore in the purchase and use of sun protection products. However, research has shown that some ingredients in sunscreens have toxic effects on marine ecosystems and human health. Given this problem, individuals from Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica and Nicaragua (where no answers were obtained) were surveyed with the purpose of knowing: the level of awareness about the use of sunscreens and the impact on underwater life, knowledge about the benefits of the oceans, and sunscreen purchase factors by respondents. In the same way, an informative tool was also included to evaluate the change in perception of the answers before and after it was read. The benefits of the oceans most selected by respondents were "food source" (72,54%) and "climate change adaptation and mitigation" (72,30%), while the least selected were "improvement of gender equality" (1,88%) "poverty reduction" (13,62%). The level of awareness of the impact of some sun protection ingredients was low; however, after reading the information tool the level of awareness increased showing the effectiveness of this in the participants. On the other hand, although many respondents chose "non-greasy" (48,36%) and "high SPF" (42,02%); as the main purchasing factor, after being exposed to the information, they were persuaded to choose "non-toxic to the environment" (69,2%) and "non-toxic to people" (61%), giving priority to the conservation of life below water and its sustainability.Lista de Tablas y Figuras 12 -- Introducción 15 -- Objetivos 18 -- Objetivo General 18 -- Objetivos Específicos 18 -- Planteamiento del Problema 19 -- Justificación 25 -- Marco Teórico 27 -- Protectores Solares 27 -- ODS 14: Vida Submarina 29 -- Impacto Ambiental de los Protectores Solares 30 -- Plancton Marino 31 -- Pastos Marinos 32 -- Organismos Bentónicos Marinos 32 -- Peces 33 -- Tortugas y Delfines 33 -- Impactos a la Salud Humana 33 -- Daño Celular 34 -- Efectos en el Desarrollo Fetal 34 -- Incidencia Sobre el Cáncer 34 -- Bioacumulación 35 -- Marco Legal 36 -- Estado del Arte 39 -- Metodología 48 -- Área de Estudio 48 -- Construcción del Instrumento 52 -- Resultados y Discusión 57 -- Resultados 57 -- Discusión 79 -- Conclusión 89 -- Recomendaciones 91 -- Referencias 92 -- Anexos 110Ingeniero(a) AmbientalPregrado118 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaIngeniería AmbientalConsciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarinaTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionCaribeAdler, B. L., & DeLeo, V. A. (2020). Sunscreen Safety: a Review of Recent Studies on Humans and the Environment. In Current Dermatology Reports (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-020-00284-4Agawin, N. S. R., Sunyer-Caldú, A., Díaz-Cruz, M. S., Frank-Comas, A., García-Márquez, M. G., & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2022). Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica accumulates sunscreen UV filters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113417Alamer, M., & Darbre, P. D. (2018). Effects of exposure to six chemical ultraviolet filters commonly used in personal care products on motility of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 38(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/JAT.3525Aljasser, M. I., Aljumah, A., Alzaydi, M., Alassaf, A., Alassafi, S., Alassafi, M. T., Almedlej, M., & Masuadi, E. (2020). Sunscreen Use among a Population of Saudi University Students. Dermatology Research and Practice, 2020, 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4732721Alonso, M. B., Feo, M. L., Corcellas, C., Gago-Ferrero, P., Bertozzi, C. P., Marigo, J., Flach, L., Meirelles, A. C. O., Carvalho, V. L., Azevedo, A. F., Torres, J. P. M., Lailson-Brito, J., Malm, O., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., Eljarrat, E., & Barceló, D. (2015a). Toxic heritage: Maternal transfer of pyrethroid insecticides and sunscreen agents in dolphins from Brazil. Environmental Pollution, 207, 391–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.039Andrade, C. A., & Barton, E. D. (2000). Eddy development and motion in the Caribbean Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 105(C11), 26191–26201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000300Baker, S., Constant, N., & Nicol, P. (2023). Oceans justice: Trade-offs between Sustainable Development Goals in the Seychelles. Marine Policy, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105357Barraza, J., Mariona, G., & Pineda, L. (2014). Fauna y Flora Una ges enérgica, ar culada, inclusiva, responsable y transparente.Becerra, M. J., Pimentel, M. A., De Souza, E. B., & Tovar, G. I. (2020). Geospatiality of climate change perceptions on coastal regions: A systematic bibliometric analysis. Geography and Sustainability, 1(3), 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geosus.2020.09.002Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R. L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 394–424. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492Cabrera-Hernández, R., Gil-Fernández, M., & Guerrero-Ortíz, S. (2015). Biodiversidad, Situación Costera, Conectividad e Interacciones Humano-Fauna en el Parque Nacional Cahuita.Carvalho, R. N., Ceriani, L., Ippolito, A., & Lettieri, T. (2015). Development of the first Watch List under the Environmental Quality Standards Directive 2015 Report EUR xxxxx xx. https://doi.org/10.2788/101376Casas-Beltrán, D. A., Febles-Moreno, K., Hernandez-Yac, E., Gallaher, C. M., Alvarado-Flores, J., Leal-Bautista, R. M., & Lenczewski, M. (2021). Impact of tourist behavior on the discharge of sunscreen contamination in aquatic parks, sinkholes, and beaches of the Mexican caribbean. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156882Castanedo-Cazares, J. P., Torres-Álvarez, B., Medellín-Pérez, E., Aguilar-Hernández, G. A., Moncada, B., & Prieto, I. M. (2006). Conocimientos y actitudes de la población mexicana con respecto a la radiación solar. 142(6), 2795.Chuang, K. J., Lee, K. Y., Pan, C. H., Lai, C. H., Lin, L. Y., Ho, S. C., Ho, K. F., & Chuang, H. C. (2016). Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on human coronary artery endothelial cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 93, 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FCT.2016.05.008Cocci, P., Mosconi, G., & Palermo, F. A. (2020). Sunscreen active ingredients in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) and their relation to molecular markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and hormonal activity in wild populations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153(September 2019), 111012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111012Corinaldesi, C., Damiani, E., Marcellini, F., Falugi, C., Tiano, L., Brugè, F., & Danovaro, R. (2017). Sunscreen products impair the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08013-xCorinaldesi, C., Marcellini, F., Nepote, E., Damiani, E., & Danovaro, R. (2018). Impact of inorganic UV filters contained in sunscreen products on tropical stony corals (Acropora spp.). Science of the Total Environment, 637–638, 1279–1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.108Danovaro, R., Bongiorni, L., Corinaldesi, C., Giovannelli, D., Damiani, E., Astolfi, P., Greci, L., & Pusceddu, A. (2008). Sunscreens cause coral bleaching by promoting viral infections. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(4), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.10966Danovaro, R., & Corinaldesi, C. (2003). Sunscreen products increase virus production through prophage induction in marine bacterioplankton. Microbial Ecology, 45(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-002-1033-0Diehl, K., Schneider, S., Seuffert, S., Greinert, R., & Görig, T. (2020). Who Are the Nonusers of Sunscreen, and What Are Their Reasons? Development of a New Item Set. Journal of Cancer Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01732-2Dixon, J. A., Scura, L. F., & Van’t Hof, T. (1993). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Meeting Ecological and Economic Goals: Marine Parks in the Caribbean Meeting Ecological and Economic Goals: Marine Parks i n the Caribbean. In Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics (Vol. 22, Issue 3).Donoghue, J. F. (2011). Sea level history of the northern Gulf of Mexico coast and sea level rise scenarios for the near future. Climatic Change, 107(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0077-xDowns, C. A., Cruz, O. T., & Remengesau, T. E. (2022). Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: Science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, July 2021, 896–906. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3791Downs, C. A., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., White, W. T., Rice, M., Jim, L., Punihaole, C., Dant, M., Gautam, K., Woodley, C. M., Walsh, K. O., Perry, J., Downs, E. M., Bishop, L., Garg, A., King, K., Paltin, T., McKinley, E. B., Beers, A. I., Anbumani, S., & Bagshaw, J. (2022). Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546Ferguson, K. K., Meeker, J. D., Cantonwine, D. E., Mukherjee, B., Pace, G. G., Weller, D., & McElrath, T. F. (2018). Environmental phenol associations with ultrasound and delivery measures of fetal growth. Environment International, 112, 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2017.12.011Fivenson, D., Sabzevari, N., Qiblawi, S., Blitz, J., Norton, B. B., & Norton, S. A. (2021). Sunscreens: UV filters to protect us: Part 2-Increasing awareness of UV filters and their potential toxicities to us and our environment. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology, 7(1), 45–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJWD.2020.08.008Fouqueray, M., Noury, P., Dherret, L., Chaurand, P., Abbaci, K., Labille, J., Rose, J., & Garric, J. (2013). Exposure of juvenile Danio rerio to aged TiO2 nanomaterial from sunscreen. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(5), 3340–3350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1256-7Gadelha, J. R., Rocha, A. C., Camacho, C., Eljarrat, E., Peris, A., Aminot, Y., Readman, J. W., Boti, V., Nannou, C., Kapsi, M., Albanis, T., Rocha, F., Machado, A., Bordalo, A., Valente, L. M. P., Nunes, M. L., Marques, A., & Almeida, C. M. R. (2019). Persistent and emerging pollutants assessment on aquaculture oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from NW Portuguese coast (Ria De Aveiro). Science of the Total Environment, 666, 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.280Gago-Ferrero, P., Alonso, M. B., Bertozzi, C. P., Marigo, J., Barbosa, L., Cremer, M., Secchi, E. R., Domit, C., Azevedo, A., Lailson-Brito, J., Torres, J. P. M., Malm, O., Eljarrat, E., Díaz-Cruz, M. S., & Barceló, D. (2013). Erratum: First determination of UV filters in marine mammals. Octocrylene levels in franciscana dolphins (Environmental Science and Technology (2013) 47:11 (5619-5625) DOI:10.1021/es400675y). Environmental Science and Technology, 47(20), 11914. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404272yGalamgam, J., Linou, N., & Linos, E. (2018). Sunscreens, cancer, and protecting our planet. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2(11), e465–e466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30224-9Garcia, O., & Cater, C. (2020). Life below water; challenges for tourism partnerships in achieving ocean literacy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1850747Ghazaei, F., & Shariati, M. (2020). Effects of titanium nanoparticles on the photosynthesis, respiration, and physiological parameters in Dunaliella salina and Dunaliella tertiolecta. Protoplasma, 257(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01420-zGlanz, K., Kwong, P. L., Avelis, J., & Cassel, K. (2022). Development of a Survey of Sunscreen Use and Attitudes among Adults in Two Coastal States, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052677Gobierno de México. (2017). Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano y el desarrollo sustentable \| Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales \| Gobierno \| gob.mx. https://www.gob.mx/semarnat/articulos/sistema-arrecifal-veracruzano-y-el-desarrollo-sustentable?idiom=esHass, U. ;, Christiansen, S. ;, Petersen, M., Axelstad, ;, Boberg, J. ;, Andersson, A.-M. ;, Skakkebaek, N. E. ;, Bay, K. ;, Holbeck, H. ;, Lund Kinnberg, K. ;, Bjerregaard, P., Hass, U., Christiansen, S., Petersen, M. A., Andersson, J., & Bjerregaard, A.-M. (2012). General rights Evaluation of 22 SIN List 2.0 substances according to the Danish proposal on criteria for endocrine disrupters. Downloaded from Orbit.Dtu.Dk On.He, T., Tsui, M. M. P., Tan, C. J., Ma, C. Y., Yiu, S. K. F., Wang, L. H., Chen, T. H., Fan, T. Y., Lam, P. K. S., & Murphy, M. B. (2019). Toxicological effects of two organic ultraviolet filters and a related commercial sunscreen product in adult corals. Environmental Pollution, 245, 462–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2018.11.029Heim, J., Felder, E., Tahir, M. N., Kaltbeitzel, A., Heinrich, U. R., Brochhausen, C., Mailänder, V., Tremel, W., & Brieger, J. (2015). Genotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 7(19), 8931–8938. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01167AHorricks, R. A., Tabin, S. K., Edwards, J. J., Lumsden, J. S., & Marancik, D. P. (2019). Organic ultraviolet filters in nearshore waters and in the invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in Grenada, West Indies. PLoS ONE, 14(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220280Huang, Y., Wang, P., Law, J. C. F., Zhao, Y., Wei, Q., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Shi, H., & Leung, K. S. Y. (2020). Organic UV filter exposure and pubertal development: A prospective follow-up study of urban Chinese adolescents. Environment International, 143, 105961. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2020.105961INVEMAR. (2014). Áreas de arrecifes de coral, pastos marinos, playas de arena y manglares con potencial de restauración en Colombia. http://www.invemar.org.co/redcostera1/invemar/docs/12379Portafolio_Restauracion_Final_26ene.pdfINVEMAR. (2016a). PLAN DE ACCIÓN DEL SUBSISTEMA DE ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS SAMP • 2016-2023.INVEMAR. (2016b). INVEMAR \| Colombia 50% Mar. https://www.invemar.org.co/noticias/-/asset_publisher/LDoaFqdaVjYL/content/colombia-es-50-mar-aguas-y-costas-que-conservan-35-areas-marinas-protegidas?inheritRedirect=falseJameson, S. C., Stevens, K., & Bennett, R. C. (2019). Nicaragua: Caribbean Coast. World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume I: Europe, the Americas and West Africa, 725–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805068-2.00032-2Janczewski, M. (2019, November 21). Aruba Officially Bans Plastics and Oxybenzone \| VisitAruba News. https://www.visitaruba.com/news/general/aruba-officially-bans-plastics-and-oxybenzone/Kim, H., Jeon, D., Oh, S., Nam, K. S., Son, S., Chan Gye, M., & Shin, I. (2019). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis by interfering with EGFR signaling in human breast cancer cells. Environmental Research, 175, 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVRES.2019.05.001Kim, S., & Choi, K. (2014). Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: A mini-review. Environment International, 70, 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015Krause, M., Klit, A., Jensen, M. B., Søeborg, T., Frederiksen, H., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Skakkebaek, N. E., & Drzewiecki, K. T. (2012). Sunscreens: are they beneficial for health? An overview of endocrine disrupting properties of UV-filters. International Journal of Andrology, 35(3), 424–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2605.2012.01280.XLabille, J., Slomberg, D., Catalano, R., Robert, S., Apers-Tremelo, M. L., Boudenne, J. L., Manasfi, T., & Radakovitch, O. (2020). Assessing UV filter inputs into beach waters during recreational activity: A field study of three French Mediterranean beaches from consumer survey to water analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 706, 136010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.136010Levine, A. (2020). Sunscreen use and awareness of chemical toxicity among beach goers in Hawaii prior to a ban on the sale of sunscreens containing ingredients found to be toxic to coral reef ecosystems. Marine Policy, 117(February 2020), 103875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103875Li, J., Song, Y., Vogt, R. D., Liu, Y., Luo, J., & Li, T. (2020). Bioavailability and cytotoxicity of Cerium- (IV), Copper- (II), and Zinc oxide nanoparticles to human intestinal and liver cells through food. Science of The Total Environment, 702, 134700. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.134700Lithgow, D., Martínez, M. L., Gallego-Fernández, J. B., Silva, R., & Ramírez-Vargas, D. L. (2019). Exploring the co-occurrence between coastal squeeze and coastal tourism in a changing climate and its consequences. Tourism Management, 74, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.02.005Liu, C., Liu, G., Yang, Q., Luo, T., He, P., Franzese, P. P., & Lombardi, G. V. (2021). Emergy-based evaluation of world coastal ecosystem services. Water Research, 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117656Liu, Q., Xu, C., Ji, G., Liu, H., Mo, Y., Tollerud, D. J., Gu, A., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Sublethal effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on male reproductive cells. Toxicology in Vitro, 35, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIV.2016.05.017Lozano, C., Matallana-Surget, S., Givens, J., Nouet, S., Arbuckle, L., Lambert, Z., & Lebaron, P. (2020). Toxicity of UV filters on marine bacteria: Combined effects with damaging solar radiation. Science of the Total Environment, 722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137803Ma, R., Cotton, B., Lichtensteiger, W., & Schlumpf, M. (2003). UV Filters with Antagonistic Action at Androgen Receptors in the MDA-kb2 Cell Transcriptional-Activation Assay. Toxicological Sciences, 74(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/TOXSCI/KFG102Ma, Y., & Yoo, J. (2021). History of sunscreen: An updated view. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 20(4), 1044–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14004Mackay, E. A., & Spencer, A. (2017). The future of Caribbean tourism: competition and climate change implications. In Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 44–59). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-11-2016-0069Majhi, P. D., Sharma, A., Roberts, A. L., Daniele, E., Majewski, A. R., Chuong, L. M., Black, A. L., Vandenberg, L. N., Schneider, S. S., Dunphy, K. A., & Jerry, D. J. (2020). Effects of Benzophenone-3 and Propylparaben on Estrogen Receptor–Dependent R-Loops and DNA Damage in Breast Epithelial Cells and Mice. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(1). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5221Malea, P., Charitonidou, K., Sperdouli, I., Mylona, Z., & Moustakas, M. (2019). Zinc uptake, photosynthetic efficiency and oxidative stress in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa exposed to ZnO nanoparticles. Materials, 12(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132101MARENA. (2018). MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE Y LOS RECURSOS NATURALES GOBIERNO REGIONAL AUTONOMO ATLANTICO NORTE GOBIERNO TERRITORIAL INDIGENA TAWIRA Titulo/Nombre del área: MISKITOS, RAAN NICARAGUA Presentada por: MINISTERIO DEL AMBIENTE Y LOS RECURSOS NATURALES (MARENA), GOBIERNO REGIONAL AUTONOMO ATLANTICO (GRAAN), ALCALDIA MUNICIPAL DE PUERTO CABEZAS, GTI TAWIRA, COMITÉ CONSULTIVO FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL título, datos de contacto)).MARENA. (2022). Álbum Áreas Protegidas – Marena. https://www.marena.gob.ni/album-areas-protegidas/#1626291683037-86073b6b-b07cMilito, A., Castellano, I., & Damiani, E. (2021). From sea to skin: Is there a future for natural photoprotectants? Marine Drugs, 19(7), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19070379Miloslavich, P., Díaz, J. M., Klein, E., Alvarado, J. J., Díaz, C., Gobin, J., Escobar-Briones, E., Cruz-Motta, J. J., Weil, E., Cortés, J., Bastidas, A. C., Robertson, R., Zapata, F., Martín, A., Castillo, J., Kazandjian, A., & Ortiz, M. (2010). Marine biodiversity in the caribbean: Regional estimates and distribution patterns. PLoS ONE, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011916Monteiro, F., Lemos, L. S., de Moura, J. F., Rocha, R. C. C., Moreira, I., Di Beneditto, A. P. M., Kehrig, H. A., Bordon, I. C., Siciliano, S., Saint’Pierre, T. D., & Hauser-Davis, R. A. (2020). Total and subcellular Ti distribution and detoxification processes in Pontoporia blainvillei and Steno bredanensis dolphins from Southeastern Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153(February), 110975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110975Mora, A., Fernández, C., Ana, G., Guzmán, G., Editado Por Ma, M., & Cajiao Marviva, V. (2006). Áreas Marinas Protegidas y Áreas Marinas de Uso Múltiple de Costa Rica-Notas para una discusión Elaborado por.Morelli, E., Gabellieri, E., Bonomini, A., Tognotti, D., Grassi, G., & Corsi, I. (2018). TiO2 nanoparticles in seawater: Aggregation and interactions with the green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 148(February 2017), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.024Mylona, Z., Panteris, E., Kevrekidis, T., & Malea, P. (2020). Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on leaf cell structure and viability, and leaf elongation in the seagrass Halophila stipulacea. Science of the Total Environment, 719, 137378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137378Naciones Unidas. (2018). La Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: una oportunidad para América Latina y el Caribe. www.issuu.com/publicacionescepal/stacksNaciones Unidas. (2022). The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022_Spanish.Nevermann, H., Becerra Gomez, J. N., Fröhle, P., & Shokri, N. (2023). Land loss implications of sea level rise along the coastline of Colombia under different climate change scenarios. Climate Risk Management, 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100470Ocean economy and developing countries - OECD. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2023, from https://www.oecd.org/ocean/topics/developing-countries-and-the-ocean-economy/Oceana. (2021). ANP MARINAS, insuficientes para proteger manglares y arrecifes.ONU. (2019). Objetivo 14. Vida submarina: por qué es importante. Sustainable Development Goals, 2.Osiris, E., & Espinal, C. (2018). Rendimiento corporal de especies de peces nativos del Golfo de Fonseca de Honduras. Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, 23, 46–59. https://doi.org/10.5377/RCT.V0I23.6860Ouchene, L., Litvinov, I. V., & Netchiporouk, E. (2019). Hawaii and Other Jurisdictions Ban Oxybenzone or Octinoxate Sunscreens Based on the Confirmed Adverse Environmental Effects of Sunscreen Ingredients on Aquatic Environments. Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 23(6), 648–649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1203475419871592Pappas, S. (2018, May 17). Another Tropical Paradise Enacts a Sunscreen Ban \| Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/62598-bonaire-island-bans-sunscreen.htmlPhilippat, C., Mortamais, M., Chevrier, C., Petit, C., Calafat, A. M., Ye, X., Silva, M. J., Brambilla, C., Pin, I., Charles, M. A., Cordier, S., & Slama, R. (2012). Exposure to phthalates and phenols during pregnancy and offspring size at birth. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3), 464–470. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.1103634Portafolio. (2010, December 22). Los bloqueadores solares mueven 45.000 millones de pesos al año \| Finanzas \| Economía \| Portafolio. https://www.portafolio.co/economia/finanzas/bloqueadores-solares-mueven-45-000-millones-pesos-ano-150104PROFEPA. (2013). Áreas Naturales Protegidas Marinas y Litorales. http://www.profepa.gob.mx/innovaportal/v/1380/1/mx.wap/areas_naturales_protegidas_marinas_y_litorales.htmlRAMSAR. (2008). Parque Nacional Arrecife Alacranes \| Servicio de Información sobre Sitios Ramsar. https://rsis.ramsar.org/es/ris/1820Rangel-Buitrago, N., Correa, I. D., Anfuso, G., Ergin, A., & Williams, A. T. (2013). Assessing and managing scenery of the Caribbean Coast of Colombia. Tourism Management, 35, 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.05.008Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., & Williams, A. T. (2015). Coastal erosion along the Caribbean coast of Colombia: Magnitudes, causes and management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 114, 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.06.024Rodríguez, G., Luna, K., & Soto, M. (2010). Sunscreen Use Behaviour And Most Frequently Used Active Ingredients Among Beachgoers On Cancun, Mexico.Rogers, H. W., Weinstock, M. A., Feldman, S. R., & Coldiron, B. M. (2015). Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer (keratinocyte carcinomas) in the us population, 2012. JAMA Dermatology, 151(10), 1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1187Sánchez-Quiles, D., & Tovar-Sánchez, A. (2015). Are sunscreens a new environmental risk associated with coastal tourism? In Environment International (Vol. 83, pp. 158–170). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.06.007Schlumpf, M., Cotton, B., Conscience, M., Haller, V., Steinmann, B., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2001). In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(3), 239–244. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.01109239Schlumpf, M., Kypke, K., Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Mascher, H., Mascher, D., Vökt, C., Birchler, M., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2010). Exposure patterns of UV filters, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, organochlor pesticides, PBDEs, and PCBs in human milk: Correlation of UV filters with use of cosmetics. Chemosphere, 81(10), 1171–1183. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2010.09.079Schneider, S. L., & Lim, H. W. (2019). Review of environmental effects of oxybenzone and other sunscreen active ingredients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 80(1), 266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAAD.2018.06.033Schultz, P. W. (2011). Conservation Means Behavior. In Biology (Vol. 25, Issue 6).Seco Pon, J. P., Becherucci, M. E., Paterlini, C. Á., Quadri Adrogué, A., Castano, M. V., Zumpano, F., & García, G. O. (2022). Perception, knowledge and attitudes towards environmental issues and management among coastal users of the most important beach destination in Argentina. Ocean and Coastal Management, 220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106070Seemann, K. (2022, September 9). These 7 Locations Have Sunscreen Bans --- Here’s What You Need To Know – Zen Life and Travel. https://www.zenlifeandtravel.com/sunscreen-bans/Seité, S., del Marmol, V., Moyal, D., & Friedman, A. J. (2017). Public primary and secondary skin cancer prevention, perceptions and knowledge: an international cross-sectional survey. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 31(5), 815–820. https://doi.org/10.1111/JDV.14104Sharma, A., Bányiová, K., Babica, P., El Yamani, N., Collins, A. R., & Čupr, P. (2017). Different DNA damage response of cis and trans isomers of commonly used UV filter after the exposure on adult human liver stem cells and human lymphoblastoid cells. Science of The Total Environment, 593–594, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.03.043Shen, C., & Wang, Y. (2023). Concerned or Apathetic? Exploring online public opinions on climate change from 2008 to 2019: A Comparative study between China and other G20 countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 332, 117376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117376Singh, G. G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Swartz, W., Cheung, W., Guy, J. A., Kenny, T. A., McOwen, C. J., Asch, R., Geffert, J. L., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Sumaila, R., Hanich, Q., & Ota, Y. (2018). A rapid assessment of co-benefits and trade-offs among Sustainable Development Goals. Marine Policy, 93(March), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.030Solky, B. A., Phillips, P. K., Christenson, L. J., Weaver, A. L., Roenigk, R. K., & Otley, C. C. (2007). Patient preferences for facial sunscreens: A split-face, randomized, blinded trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 57(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2007.04.003Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio. (2020). Estudios Económicos Sectoriales: Protectores Solares en Colombia (2015-2019). 32, 0–37.Tampucci, S., Burgalassi, S., Chetoni, P., & Monti, D. (2018). Cutaneous permeation and penetration of sunscreens: Formulation strategies and in vitro methods. Cosmetics, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5010001Teplitz, R. W., Glazer, A. M., Svoboda, R. M., & Rigel, D. S. (2018). Trends in US sunscreen formulations: Impact of increasing spray usage. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 78(1), 187–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.07.040Tian, L., Huang, L., Cui, H., Yang, F., & Li, Y. (2021). The toxicological impact of the sunscreen active ingredient octinoxate on the photosynthesis activity of Chlorella sp. Marine Environmental Research, 171(July), 105469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105469Tovar-Sánchez, A., Sánchez-Quiles, D., Basterretxea, G., Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., Salvador, A., Moreno-Garrido, I., & Blasco, J. (2013). Sunscreen Products as Emerging Pollutants to Coastal Waters. PLoS ONE, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065451Tsatalis, J., Burroway, B., & Bray, F. (2020). Evaluation of “reef safe” sunscreens: Labeling and cost implications for consumers. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(4), 1015–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.11.001UN climate report: It’s ‘now or never’ to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees \| UN News. (n.d.). Retrieved March 8, 2023, from https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/04/1115452Valle-Sistac, J., Molins-Delgado, D., Díaz, M., Ibáñez, L., Barceló, D., & Silvia Díaz-Cruz, M. (2016). Determination of parabens and benzophenone-type UV filters in human placenta. First description of the existence of benzyl paraben and benzophenone-4. Environment International, 88, 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2015.12.034Watkins, Y. S. D., & Sallach, J. B. (2021). Investigating the exposure and impact of chemical UV filters on coral reef ecosystems: Review and research gap prioritization. In Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (Vol. 17, Issue 5). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4411Weig, E. A., Tull, R., Chung, J., Brown-Joel, Z. O., Majee, R., & Ferguson, N. N. (2019). Assessing factors affecting sunscreen use and barriers to compliance: a cross-sectional survey-based study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 31(4), 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2019.1587147Williams, A. T., Rangel-Buitrago, N. G., Anfuso, G., Cervantes, O., & Botero, C. M. (2016). Litter impacts on scenery and tourism on the Colombian north Caribbean coast. Tourism Management, 55, 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.008Wolff, M. S., Engel, S. M., Berkowitz, G. S., Ye, X., Silva, M. J., Zhu, C., Wetmur, J., & Calafat, A. M. (2008). Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(8), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.11007Woodruff, T. J. (2015). Making it real-the environmental burden of disease. What does it take to make people pay attention to the environment and health? In Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (Vol. 100, Issue 4, pp. 1241–1244). Endocrine Society. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1622Yamada, M., Mohammed, Y., & Prow, T. W. (2020). Advances and controversies in studying sunscreen delivery and toxicity. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 153, 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.001Yanine, Z., Dicker Jiménez, V., Ortegón Pulido, L. F., Rueda Rugeles, A. J., & Buitrago-Medina, D. A. (2021). Photoaging factors in patients from two healthcare centers in Colombia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(7), 2984–2994. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCD.14501Protectores solaresEncuestaHerramienta informativaVida submarinaSalud humanaTóxicoSunscreensSurveyInformative toolLife below waterHuman healthToxicPublicationORIGINALConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdfConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdfTesisapplication/pdf2394865https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b6fe1b7e-2275-4f70-b20a-1a6e0110d664/downloade6fc0a235b364be79fa8ba96c317cf6dMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d8b9e3ed-c743-45c7-a2a0-bd4e4cb16ef1/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdf.txtConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain165618https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e6821396-8150-4f3a-9389-c5134c21d27c/downloadf13fb5ad774f876009319e429fb4720eMD53THUMBNAILConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdf.jpgConsciencia y acción en el caribe impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6980https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7001305e-de5b-481c-84b4-2f35474bcd09/download4cc967bc749a0315550ea28f57330196MD5411323/10351oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/103512024-09-17 10:59:33.03https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.coTEEgT0JSQSAoVEFMIFkgQ09NTyBTRSBERUZJTkUgTcOBUyBBREVMQU5URSkgU0UgT1RPUkdBIEJBSk8gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIERFIEVTVEEgTElDRU5DSUEgUMOaQkxJQ0EgREUgQ1JFQVRJVkUgQ09NTU9OUyAo4oCcTFBDQ+KAnSBPIOKAnExJQ0VOQ0lB4oCdKS4gTEEgT0JSQSBFU1TDgSBQUk9URUdJREEgUE9SIERFUkVDSE9TIERFIEFVVE9SIFkvVSBPVFJBUyBMRVlFUyBBUExJQ0FCTEVTLiBRVUVEQSBQUk9ISUJJRE8gQ1VBTFFVSUVSIFVTTyBRVUUgU0UgSEFHQSBERSBMQSBPQlJBIFFVRSBOTyBDVUVOVEUgQ09OIExBIEFVVE9SSVpBQ0nDk04gUEVSVElORU5URSBERSBDT05GT1JNSURBRCBDT04gTE9TIFTDiVJNSU5PUyBERSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIFkgREUgTEEgTEVZIERFIERFUkVDSE8gREUgQVVUT1IuCgpNRURJQU5URSBFTCBFSkVSQ0lDSU8gREUgQ1VBTFFVSUVSQSBERSBMT1MgREVSRUNIT1MgUVVFIFNFIE9UT1JHQU4gRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSwgVVNURUQgQUNFUFRBIFkgQUNVRVJEQSBRVUVEQVIgT0JMSUdBRE8gRU4gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIFFVRSBTRSBTRcORQUxBTiBFTiBFTExBLiBFTCBMSUNFTkNJQU5URSBDT05DRURFIEEgVVNURUQgTE9TIERFUkVDSE9TIENPTlRFTklET1MgRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSBDT05ESUNJT05BRE9TIEEgTEEgQUNFUFRBQ0nDk04gREUgU1VTIFRFUk1JTk9TIFkgQ09ORElDSU9ORVMuCjEuIERlZmluaWNpb25lcwoKYS4JT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgZXMgdW5hIG9icmEsIHRhbCBjb21vIHVuYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gcGVyacOzZGljYSwgdW5hIGFudG9sb2fDrWEsIG8gdW5hIGVuY2ljbG9wZWRpYSwgZW4gbGEgcXVlIGxhIG9icmEgZW4gc3UgdG90YWxpZGFkLCBzaW4gbW9kaWZpY2FjacOzbiBhbGd1bmEsIGp1bnRvIGNvbiB1biBncnVwbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBjb250cmlidWNpb25lcyBxdWUgY29uc3RpdHV5ZW4gb2JyYXMgc2VwYXJhZGFzIGUgaW5kZXBlbmRpZW50ZXMgZW4gc8OtIG1pc21hcywgc2UgaW50ZWdyYW4gZW4gdW4gdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8uIFVuYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllIHVuYSBvYnJhIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBubyBzZSBjb25zaWRlcmFyw6EgdW5hIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgKGNvbW8gc2UgZGVmaW5lIGFiYWpvKSBwYXJhIGxvcyBwcm9ww7NzaXRvcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhLiBhcXVlbGxhIHByb2R1Y2lkYSBwb3IgdW4gZ3J1cG8gZGUgYXV0b3JlcywgZW4gcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhIHNpbiBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcywganVudG8gY29uIHVuYSBjaWVydGEgY2FudGlkYWQgZGUgb3RyYXMgY29udHJpYnVjaW9uZXMsIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllbiBlbiBzw60gbWlzbW9zIHRyYWJham9zIHNlcGFyYWRvcyBlIGluZGVwZW5kaWVudGVzLCBxdWUgc29uIGludGVncmFkb3MgYWwgdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8sIHRhbGVzIGNvbW8gcHVibGljYWNpb25lcyBwZXJpw7NkaWNhcywgYW50b2xvZ8OtYXMgbyBlbmNpY2xvcGVkaWFzLgoKYi4JT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSBzaWduaWZpY2EgdW5hIG9icmEgYmFzYWRhIGVuIGxhIG9icmEgb2JqZXRvIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBlbiDDqXN0YSB5IG90cmFzIG9icmFzIHByZWV4aXN0ZW50ZXMsIHRhbGVzIGNvbW8gdHJhZHVjY2lvbmVzLCBhcnJlZ2xvcyBtdXNpY2FsZXMsIGRyYW1hdGl6YWNpb25lcywg4oCcZmljY2lvbmFsaXphY2lvbmVz4oCdLCB2ZXJzaW9uZXMgcGFyYSBjaW5lLCDigJxncmFiYWNpb25lcyBkZSBzb25pZG/igJ0sIHJlcHJvZHVjY2lvbmVzIGRlIGFydGUsIHJlc8O6bWVuZXMsIGNvbmRlbnNhY2lvbmVzLCBvIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJhIGVuIGxhIHF1ZSBsYSBvYnJhIHB1ZWRhIHNlciB0cmFuc2Zvcm1hZGEsIGNhbWJpYWRhIG8gYWRhcHRhZGEsIGV4Y2VwdG8gYXF1ZWxsYXMgcXVlIGNvbnN0aXR1eWFuIHVuYSBvYnJhIGNvbGVjdGl2YSwgbGFzIHF1ZSBubyBzZXLDoW4gY29uc2lkZXJhZGFzIHVuYSBvYnJhIGRlcml2YWRhIHBhcmEgZWZlY3RvcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhLiAoUGFyYSBldml0YXIgZHVkYXMsIGVuIGVsIGNhc28gZGUgcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgc2VhIHVuYSBjb21wb3NpY2nDs24gbXVzaWNhbCBvIHVuYSBncmFiYWNpw7NuIHNvbm9yYSwgcGFyYSBsb3MgZWZlY3RvcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIGxhIHNpbmNyb25pemFjacOzbiB0ZW1wb3JhbCBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIGNvbiB1bmEgaW1hZ2VuIGVuIG1vdmltaWVudG8gc2UgY29uc2lkZXJhcsOhIHVuYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhIHBhcmEgbG9zIGZpbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEpLgoKYy4JTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIGVzIGVsIGluZGl2aWR1byBvIGxhIGVudGlkYWQgdGl0dWxhciBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgcXVlIG9mcmVjZSBsYSBPYnJhIGVuIGNvbmZvcm1pZGFkIGNvbiBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYS4KCmQuCUF1dG9yIG9yaWdpbmFsLCBlcyBlbCBpbmRpdmlkdW8gcXVlIGNyZcOzIGxhIE9icmEuCgplLglPYnJhLCBlcyBhcXVlbGxhIG9icmEgc3VzY2VwdGlibGUgZGUgcHJvdGVjY2nDs24gcG9yIGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGRlIERlcmVjaG8gZGUgQXV0b3IgeSBxdWUgZXMgb2ZyZWNpZGEgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhCgpmLglVc3RlZCwgZXMgZWwgaW5kaXZpZHVvIG8gbGEgZW50aWRhZCBxdWUgZWplcmNpdGEgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBhbCBhbXBhcm8gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IHF1ZSBjb24gYW50ZXJpb3JpZGFkIG5vIGhhIHZpb2xhZG8gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGxhIG1pc21hIHJlc3BlY3RvIGEgbGEgT2JyYSwgbyBxdWUgaGF5YSBvYnRlbmlkbyBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGV4cHJlc2EgcG9yIHBhcnRlIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGFsIGFtcGFybyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHBlc2UgYSB1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBhbnRlcmlvci4KCjIuIERlcmVjaG9zIGRlIFVzb3MgSG9ucmFkb3MgeSBleGNlcGNpb25lcyBMZWdhbGVzLgpOYWRhIGVuIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcG9kcsOhIHNlciBpbnRlcnByZXRhZG8gY29tbyB1bmEgZGlzbWludWNpw7NuLCBsaW1pdGFjacOzbiBvIHJlc3RyaWNjacOzbiBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZGVyaXZhZG9zIGRlbCB1c28gaG9ucmFkbyB5IG90cmFzIGxpbWl0YWNpb25lcyBvIGV4Y2VwY2lvbmVzIGEgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlbCBhdXRvciBiYWpvIGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGxlZ2FsIHZpZ2VudGUgbyBkZXJpdmFkbyBkZSBjdWFscXVpZXIgb3RyYSBub3JtYSBxdWUgc2UgbGUgYXBsaXF1ZS4KCjMuIENvbmNlc2nDs24gZGUgbGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCkJham8gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIG90b3JnYSBhIFVzdGVkIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBtdW5kaWFsLCBsaWJyZSBkZSByZWdhbMOtYXMsIG5vIGV4Y2x1c2l2YSB5IHBlcnBldHVhIChkdXJhbnRlIHRvZG8gZWwgcGVyw61vZG8gZGUgdmlnZW5jaWEgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yKSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgZXN0b3MgZGVyZWNob3Mgc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSB0YWwgeSBjb21vIHNlIGluZGljYSBhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nDs246CgphLglSZXByb2R1Y2lyIGxhIE9icmEsIGluY29ycG9yYXIgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiB1bmEgbyBtw6FzIE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHkgcmVwcm9kdWNpciBsYSBPYnJhIGluY29ycG9yYWRhIGVuIGxhcyBPYnJhcyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzLgoKYi4JRGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgbyBmb25vZ3JhbWFzIGRlIGxhcyBPYnJhcywgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgaW5jbHV5w6luZG9sYXMgY29tbyBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYXMgZW4gT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcywgc2Vnw7puIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRhLgoKYy4JRGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgZGUgbGFzIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyBxdWUgc2UgZ2VuZXJlbiwgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYS4KTG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG1lbmNpb25hZG9zIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUgcHVlZGVuIHNlciBlamVyY2lkb3MgZW4gdG9kb3MgbG9zIG1lZGlvcyB5IGZvcm1hdG9zLCBhY3R1YWxtZW50ZSBjb25vY2lkb3MgbyBxdWUgc2UgaW52ZW50ZW4gZW4gZWwgZnV0dXJvLiBMb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgYW50ZXMgbWVuY2lvbmFkb3MgaW5jbHV5ZW4gZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHJlYWxpemFyIGRpY2hhcyBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgcXVlIHNlYW4gdMOpY25pY2FtZW50ZSBuZWNlc2FyaWFzIHBhcmEgZWplcmNlciBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZW4gb3RybyBtZWRpbyBvIGZvcm1hdG9zLCBwZXJvIGRlIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIHVzdGVkIG5vIGVzdMOhIGF1dG9yaXphZG8gcGFyYSByZWFsaXphciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMuIFRvZG9zIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBubyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZXhwcmVzYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBxdWVkYW4gcG9yIGVzdGUgbWVkaW8gcmVzZXJ2YWRvcywgaW5jbHV5ZW5kbyBwZXJvIHNpbiBsaW1pdGFyc2UgYSBhcXVlbGxvcyBxdWUgc2UgbWVuY2lvbmFuIGVuIGxhcyBzZWNjaW9uZXMgNChkKSB5IDQoZSkuCgo0LiBSZXN0cmljY2lvbmVzLgpMYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBvdG9yZ2FkYSBlbiBsYSBhbnRlcmlvciBTZWNjacOzbiAzIGVzdMOhIGV4cHJlc2FtZW50ZSBzdWpldGEgeSBsaW1pdGFkYSBwb3IgbGFzIHNpZ3VpZW50ZXMgcmVzdHJpY2Npb25lczoKCmEuCVVzdGVkIHB1ZWRlIGRpc3RyaWJ1aXIsIGV4aGliaXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgZWplY3V0YXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgbyBwb25lciBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBsYSBPYnJhIHPDs2xvIGJham8gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIHkgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBpbmNsdWlyIHVuYSBjb3BpYSBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhIG8gZGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pdmVyc2FsIGRlIFJlY3Vyc29zIGRlIGxhIG1pc21hIGNvbiBjYWRhIGNvcGlhIGRlIGxhIE9icmEgcXVlIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWEsIGV4aGliYSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRlIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBwb25nYSBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYS4gTm8gZXMgcG9zaWJsZSBvZnJlY2VyIG8gaW1wb25lciBuaW5ndW5hIGNvbmRpY2nDs24gc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSBxdWUgYWx0ZXJlIG8gbGltaXRlIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIG8gZWwgZWplcmNpY2lvIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBsb3MgZGVzdGluYXRhcmlvcyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gZXN0ZSBkb2N1bWVudG8uIE5vIGVzIHBvc2libGUgc3VibGljZW5jaWFyIGxhIE9icmEuIFVzdGVkIGRlYmUgbWFudGVuZXIgaW50YWN0b3MgdG9kb3MgbG9zIGF2aXNvcyBxdWUgaGFnYW4gcmVmZXJlbmNpYSBhIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgeSBhIGxhIGNsw6F1c3VsYSBkZSBsaW1pdGFjacOzbiBkZSBnYXJhbnTDrWFzLiBVc3RlZCBubyBwdWVkZSBkaXN0cmlidWlyLCBleGhpYmlyIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGFyIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIG8gcG9uZXIgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBjb24gYWxndW5hIG1lZGlkYSB0ZWNub2zDs2dpY2EgcXVlIGNvbnRyb2xlIGVsIGFjY2VzbyBvIGxhIHV0aWxpemFjacOzbiBkZSBlbGxhIGRlIHVuYSBmb3JtYSBxdWUgc2VhIGluY29uc2lzdGVudGUgY29uIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLiBMbyBhbnRlcmlvciBzZSBhcGxpY2EgYSBsYSBPYnJhIGluY29ycG9yYWRhIGEgdW5hIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhLCBwZXJvIGVzdG8gbm8gZXhpZ2UgcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhIGFwYXJ0ZSBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIG1pc21hIHF1ZWRlIHN1amV0YSBhIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLiBTaSBVc3RlZCBjcmVhIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgcHJldmlvIGF2aXNvIGRlIGN1YWxxdWllciBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBkZWJlLCBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcG9zaWJsZSwgZWxpbWluYXIgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgY3VhbHF1aWVyIHJlZmVyZW5jaWEgYSBkaWNobyBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBvIGFsIEF1dG9yIE9yaWdpbmFsLCBzZWfDum4gbG8gc29saWNpdGFkbyBwb3IgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgeSBjb25mb3JtZSBsbyBleGlnZSBsYSBjbMOhdXN1bGEgNChjKS4KCmIuCVVzdGVkIG5vIHB1ZWRlIGVqZXJjZXIgbmluZ3VubyBkZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcXVlIGxlIGhhbiBzaWRvIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiBsYSBTZWNjacOzbiAzIHByZWNlZGVudGUgZGUgbW9kbyBxdWUgZXN0w6luIHByaW5jaXBhbG1lbnRlIGRlc3RpbmFkb3MgbyBkaXJlY3RhbWVudGUgZGlyaWdpZG9zIGEgY29uc2VndWlyIHVuIHByb3ZlY2hvIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLiBFbCBpbnRlcmNhbWJpbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHBvciBvdHJhcyBvYnJhcyBwcm90ZWdpZGFzIHBvciBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgeWEgc2VhIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1biBzaXN0ZW1hIHBhcmEgY29tcGFydGlyIGFyY2hpdm9zIGRpZ2l0YWxlcyAoZGlnaXRhbCBmaWxlLXNoYXJpbmcpIG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIG5vIHNlcsOhIGNvbnNpZGVyYWRvIGNvbW8gZXN0YXIgZGVzdGluYWRvIHByaW5jaXBhbG1lbnRlIG8gZGlyaWdpZG8gZGlyZWN0YW1lbnRlIGEgY29uc2VndWlyIHVuIHByb3ZlY2hvIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLCBzaWVtcHJlIHF1ZSBubyBzZSByZWFsaWNlIHVuIHBhZ28gbWVkaWFudGUgdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIGVuIHJlbGFjacOzbiBjb24gZWwgaW50ZXJjYW1iaW8gZGUgb2JyYXMgcHJvdGVnaWRhcyBwb3IgZWwgZGVyZWNobyBkZSBhdXRvci4KCmMuCVNpIHVzdGVkIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWUsIGV4aGliZSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgZW4gZm9ybWEgZGlnaXRhbCBsYSBPYnJhIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgdSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RhIHRvZGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSB5IHByb3BvcmNpb25hciwgZGUgZm9ybWEgcmF6b25hYmxlIHNlZ8O6biBlbCBtZWRpbyBvIG1hbmVyYSBxdWUgVXN0ZWQgZXN0w6kgdXRpbGl6YW5kbzogKGkpIGVsIG5vbWJyZSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8gKG8gc2V1ZMOzbmltbywgc2kgZnVlcmUgYXBsaWNhYmxlKSwgeS9vIChpaSkgZWwgbm9tYnJlIGRlIGxhIHBhcnRlIG8gbGFzIHBhcnRlcyBxdWUgZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgeS9vIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGh1YmllcmVuIGRlc2lnbmFkbyBwYXJhIGxhIGF0cmlidWNpw7NuICh2LmcuLCB1biBpbnN0aXR1dG8gcGF0cm9jaW5hZG9yLCBlZGl0b3JpYWwsIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbikgZW4gbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBzZXJ2aWNpb3MgbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBmb3JtYXMgcmF6b25hYmxlczsgZWwgdMOtdHVsbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHNpIGVzdMOhIHByb3Zpc3RvOyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcmF6b25hYmxlbWVudGUgZmFjdGlibGUgeSwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8sIGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pZm9ybWUgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgKFVuaWZvcm0gUmVzb3VyY2UgSWRlbnRpZmllcikgcXVlIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGVzcGVjaWZpY2EgcGFyYSBzZXIgYXNvY2lhZG8gY29uIGxhIE9icmEsIHNhbHZvIHF1ZSB0YWwgVVJJIG5vIHNlIHJlZmllcmEgYSBsYSBub3RhIHNvYnJlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBvIGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIHNvYnJlIGVsIGxpY2VuY2lhbWllbnRvIGRlIGxhIE9icmE7IHkgZW4gZWwgY2FzbyBkZSB1bmEgT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSwgYXRyaWJ1aXIgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gaWRlbnRpZmljYW5kbyBlbCB1c28gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiBsYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhICh2LmcuLCAiVHJhZHVjY2nDs24gRnJhbmNlc2EgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIiBvICJHdWnDs24gQ2luZW1hdG9ncsOhZmljbyBiYXNhZG8gZW4gbGEgT2JyYSBvcmlnaW5hbCBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwiKS4gVGFsIGNyw6lkaXRvIHB1ZWRlIHNlciBpbXBsZW1lbnRhZG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hIHJhem9uYWJsZTsgZW4gZWwgY2Fzbywgc2luIGVtYmFyZ28sIGRlIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyB1IE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHRhbCBjcsOpZGl0byBhcGFyZWNlcsOhLCBjb21vIG3DrW5pbW8sIGRvbmRlIGFwYXJlY2UgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gYXV0b3IgY29tcGFyYWJsZSB5IGRlIHVuYSBtYW5lcmEsIGFsIG1lbm9zLCB0YW4gZGVzdGFjYWRhIGNvbW8gZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgb3RybyBhdXRvciBjb21wYXJhYmxlLgoKZC4JUGFyYSBldml0YXIgdG9kYSBjb25mdXNpw7NuLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBhY2xhcmEgcXVlLCBjdWFuZG8gbGEgb2JyYSBlcyB1bmEgY29tcG9zaWNpw7NuIG11c2ljYWw6CgppLglSZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGludGVycHJldGFjacOzbiB5IGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gYmFqbyBsaWNlbmNpYXMgZ2VuZXJhbGVzLiBFbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBzZSByZXNlcnZhIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZXhjbHVzaXZvIGRlIGF1dG9yaXphciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIG8gbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgeSBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBzZWEgaW5kaXZpZHVhbG1lbnRlIG8gYSB0cmF2w6lzIGRlIHVuYSBzb2NpZWRhZCBkZSBnZXN0acOzbiBjb2xlY3RpdmEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgU0FZQ08pLCBsYXMgcmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIG8gcG9yIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbyBXZWJjYXN0KSBsaWNlbmNpYWRhIGJham8gbGljZW5jaWFzIGdlbmVyYWxlcywgc2kgbGEgaW50ZXJwcmV0YWNpw7NuIG8gZWplY3VjacOzbiBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBvcmllbnRhZGEgcG9yIG8gZGlyaWdpZGEgYSBsYSBvYnRlbmNpw7NuIGRlIHVuYSB2ZW50YWphIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLgoKaWkuCVJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgRm9ub2dyYW1hcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsbWVudGUgbyBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW5hIHNvY2llZGFkIGRlIGdlc3Rpw7NuIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciB5IGRlcmVjaG9zIGNvbmV4b3MgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCBsb3MgY29uc2FncmFkb3MgcG9yIGxhIFNBWUNPKSwgdW5hIGFnZW5jaWEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgbXVzaWNhbGVzIG8gYWxnw7puIGFnZW50ZSBkZXNpZ25hZG8sIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGN1YWxxdWllciBmb25vZ3JhbWEgcXVlIFVzdGVkIGNyZWUgYSBwYXJ0aXIgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAo4oCcdmVyc2nDs24gY292ZXLigJ0pIHkgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZWwgcsOpZ2ltZW4gZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHNpIGxhIGNyZWFjacOzbiBvIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nDs24gZGUgZXNhIHZlcnNpw7NuIGNvdmVyIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZGEgbyBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuCgplLglHZXN0acOzbiBkZSBEZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBBdXRvciBzb2JyZSBJbnRlcnByZXRhY2lvbmVzIHkgRWplY3VjaW9uZXMgRGlnaXRhbGVzIChXZWJDYXN0aW5nKS4gUGFyYSBldml0YXIgdG9kYSBjb25mdXNpw7NuLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBhY2xhcmEgcXVlLCBjdWFuZG8gbGEgb2JyYSBzZWEgdW4gZm9ub2dyYW1hLCBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBzZSByZXNlcnZhIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZXhjbHVzaXZvIGRlIGF1dG9yaXphciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIHdlYmNhc3QpIHkgZGUgcmVjb2xlY3RhciwgaW5kaXZpZHVhbG1lbnRlIG8gYSB0cmF2w6lzIGRlIHVuYSBzb2NpZWRhZCBkZSBnZXN0acOzbiBjb2xlY3RpdmEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgQUNJTlBSTyksIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIChwb3IgZWplbXBsbywgd2ViY2FzdCksIHN1amV0YSBhIGxhcyBkaXNwb3NpY2lvbmVzIGFwbGljYWJsZXMgZGVsIHLDqWdpbWVuIGRlIERlcmVjaG8gZGUgQXV0b3IsIHNpIGVzdGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuCgo1LiBSZXByZXNlbnRhY2lvbmVzLCBHYXJhbnTDrWFzIHkgTGltaXRhY2lvbmVzIGRlIFJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KQSBNRU5PUyBRVUUgTEFTIFBBUlRFUyBMTyBBQ09SREFSQU4gREUgT1RSQSBGT1JNQSBQT1IgRVNDUklUTywgRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgT0ZSRUNFIExBIE9CUkEgKEVOIEVMIEVTVEFETyBFTiBFTCBRVUUgU0UgRU5DVUVOVFJBKSDigJxUQUwgQ1VBTOKAnSwgU0lOIEJSSU5EQVIgR0FSQU5Uw41BUyBERSBDTEFTRSBBTEdVTkEgUkVTUEVDVE8gREUgTEEgT0JSQSwgWUEgU0VBIEVYUFJFU0EsIElNUEzDjUNJVEEsIExFR0FMIE8gQ1VBTFFVSUVSQSBPVFJBLCBJTkNMVVlFTkRPLCBTSU4gTElNSVRBUlNFIEEgRUxMQVMsIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgREUgVElUVUxBUklEQUQsIENPTUVSQ0lBQklMSURBRCwgQURBUFRBQklMSURBRCBPIEFERUNVQUNJw5NOIEEgUFJPUMOTU0lUTyBERVRFUk1JTkFETywgQVVTRU5DSUEgREUgSU5GUkFDQ0nDk04sIERFIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIERFRkVDVE9TIExBVEVOVEVTIE8gREUgT1RSTyBUSVBPLCBPIExBIFBSRVNFTkNJQSBPIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIEVSUk9SRVMsIFNFQU4gTyBOTyBERVNDVUJSSUJMRVMgKFBVRURBTiBPIE5PIFNFUiBFU1RPUyBERVNDVUJJRVJUT1MpLiBBTEdVTkFTIEpVUklTRElDQ0lPTkVTIE5PIFBFUk1JVEVOIExBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gREUgR0FSQU5Uw41BUyBJTVBMw41DSVRBUywgRU4gQ1VZTyBDQVNPIEVTVEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBQVUVERSBOTyBBUExJQ0FSU0UgQSBVU1RFRC4KCjYuIExpbWl0YWNpw7NuIGRlIHJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KQSBNRU5PUyBRVUUgTE8gRVhJSkEgRVhQUkVTQU1FTlRFIExBIExFWSBBUExJQ0FCTEUsIEVMIExJQ0VOQ0lBTlRFIE5PIFNFUsOBIFJFU1BPTlNBQkxFIEFOVEUgVVNURUQgUE9SIERBw5FPIEFMR1VOTywgU0VBIFBPUiBSRVNQT05TQUJJTElEQUQgRVhUUkFDT05UUkFDVFVBTCwgUFJFQ09OVFJBQ1RVQUwgTyBDT05UUkFDVFVBTCwgT0JKRVRJVkEgTyBTVUJKRVRJVkEsIFNFIFRSQVRFIERFIERBw5FPUyBNT1JBTEVTIE8gUEFUUklNT05JQUxFUywgRElSRUNUT1MgTyBJTkRJUkVDVE9TLCBQUkVWSVNUT1MgTyBJTVBSRVZJU1RPUyBQUk9EVUNJRE9TIFBPUiBFTCBVU08gREUgRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSBPIERFIExBIE9CUkEsIEFVTiBDVUFORE8gRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgSEFZQSBTSURPIEFEVkVSVElETyBERSBMQSBQT1NJQklMSURBRCBERSBESUNIT1MgREHDkU9TLiBBTEdVTkFTIExFWUVTIE5PIFBFUk1JVEVOIExBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gREUgQ0lFUlRBIFJFU1BPTlNBQklMSURBRCwgRU4gQ1VZTyBDQVNPIEVTVEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBQVUVERSBOTyBBUExJQ0FSU0UgQSBVU1RFRC4KCjcuIFTDqXJtaW5vLgoKYS4JRXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gdmlydHVkIGRlIGVsbGEgdGVybWluYXLDoW4gYXV0b23DoXRpY2FtZW50ZSBzaSBVc3RlZCBpbmZyaW5nZSBhbGd1bmEgY29uZGljacOzbiBlc3RhYmxlY2lkYSBlbiBlbGxhLiBTaW4gZW1iYXJnbywgbG9zIGluZGl2aWR1b3MgbyBlbnRpZGFkZXMgcXVlIGhhbiByZWNpYmlkbyBPYnJhcyBEZXJpdmFkYXMgbyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzIGRlIFVzdGVkIGRlIGNvbmZvcm1pZGFkIGNvbiBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhLCBubyB2ZXLDoW4gdGVybWluYWRhcyBzdXMgbGljZW5jaWFzLCBzaWVtcHJlIHF1ZSBlc3RvcyBpbmRpdmlkdW9zIG8gZW50aWRhZGVzIHNpZ2FuIGN1bXBsaWVuZG8gw61udGVncmFtZW50ZSBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YXMgbGljZW5jaWFzLiBMYXMgU2VjY2lvbmVzIDEsIDIsIDUsIDYsIDcsIHkgOCBzdWJzaXN0aXLDoW4gYSBjdWFscXVpZXIgdGVybWluYWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCgpiLglTdWpldGEgYSBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgeSB0w6lybWlub3MgYW50ZXJpb3JlcywgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYXF1w60gZXMgcGVycGV0dWEgKGR1cmFudGUgZWwgcGVyw61vZG8gZGUgdmlnZW5jaWEgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIGRlIGxhIG9icmEpLiBObyBvYnN0YW50ZSBsbyBhbnRlcmlvciwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGEgcHVibGljYXIgeS9vIGVzdHJlbmFyIGxhIE9icmEgYmFqbyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBsaWNlbmNpYSBkaWZlcmVudGVzIG8gYSBkZWphciBkZSBkaXN0cmlidWlybGEgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIGVuIGN1YWxxdWllciBtb21lbnRvOyBlbiBlbCBlbnRlbmRpZG8sIHNpbiBlbWJhcmdvLCBxdWUgZXNhIGVsZWNjacOzbiBubyBzZXJ2aXLDoSBwYXJhIHJldm9jYXIgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBvIHF1ZSBkZWJhIHNlciBvdG9yZ2FkYSAsIGJham8gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhKSwgeSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhIGNvbnRpbnVhcsOhIGVuIHBsZW5vIHZpZ29yIHkgZWZlY3RvIGEgbWVub3MgcXVlIHNlYSB0ZXJtaW5hZGEgY29tbyBzZSBleHByZXNhIGF0csOhcy4gTGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcmV2b2NhZGEgY29udGludWFyw6Egc2llbmRvIHBsZW5hbWVudGUgdmlnZW50ZSB5IGVmZWN0aXZhIHNpIG5vIHNlIGxlIGRhIHTDqXJtaW5vIGVuIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBpbmRpY2FkYXMgYW50ZXJpb3JtZW50ZS4KCjguIFZhcmlvcy4KCmEuCUNhZGEgdmV6IHF1ZSBVc3RlZCBkaXN0cmlidXlhIG8gcG9uZ2EgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBvIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgb2ZyZWNlcsOhIGFsIGRlc3RpbmF0YXJpbyB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgZW4gbG9zIG1pc21vcyB0w6lybWlub3MgeSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBxdWUgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYSBVc3RlZCBiYWpvIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuCgpiLglTaSBhbGd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgcmVzdWx0YSBpbnZhbGlkYWRhIG8gbm8gZXhpZ2libGUsIHNlZ8O6biBsYSBsZWdpc2xhY2nDs24gdmlnZW50ZSwgZXN0byBubyBhZmVjdGFyw6EgbmkgbGEgdmFsaWRleiBuaSBsYSBhcGxpY2FiaWxpZGFkIGRlbCByZXN0byBkZSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHksIHNpbiBhY2Npw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBwb3IgcGFydGUgZGUgbG9zIHN1amV0b3MgZGUgZXN0ZSBhY3VlcmRvLCBhcXXDqWxsYSBzZSBlbnRlbmRlcsOhIHJlZm9ybWFkYSBsbyBtw61uaW1vIG5lY2VzYXJpbyBwYXJhIGhhY2VyIHF1ZSBkaWNoYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gc2VhIHbDoWxpZGEgeSBleGlnaWJsZS4KCmMuCU5pbmfDum4gdMOpcm1pbm8gbyBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSBzZSBlc3RpbWFyw6EgcmVudW5jaWFkYSB5IG5pbmd1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBkZSBlbGxhIHNlcsOhIGNvbnNlbnRpZGEgYSBtZW5vcyBxdWUgZXNhIHJlbnVuY2lhIG8gY29uc2VudGltaWVudG8gc2VhIG90b3JnYWRvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIHkgZmlybWFkbyBwb3IgbGEgcGFydGUgcXVlIHJlbnVuY2llIG8gY29uc2llbnRhLgoKZC4JRXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZWZsZWphIGVsIGFjdWVyZG8gcGxlbm8gZW50cmUgbGFzIHBhcnRlcyByZXNwZWN0byBhIGxhIE9icmEgYXF1w60gbGljZW5jaWFkYS4gTm8gaGF5IGFycmVnbG9zLCBhY3VlcmRvcyBvIGRlY2xhcmFjaW9uZXMgcmVzcGVjdG8gYSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBubyBlc3TDqW4gZXNwZWNpZmljYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgbm8gc2UgdmVyw6EgbGltaXRhZG8gcG9yIG5pbmd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBxdWUgcHVlZGEgc3VyZ2lyIGVuIGFsZ3VuYSBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIGVtYW5hZGEgZGUgVXN0ZWQuIEVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbm8gcHVlZGUgc2VyIG1vZGlmaWNhZGEgc2luIGVsIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIG11dHVvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IFVzdGVkLgo=

Consciencia y acción en el caribe: impacto de protectores solares sobre la vida submarina

Publicaciones similares