Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo

Abstract Attachment includes two dimensions (anxiety by abandonment and avoidance of intimacy). For its evaluation, the validation of the brief version of the Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR-S) scale was carried out in adults with a same-sex partner. Construct validity, factorial invariance,...

Full description

Autores:
Calvillo, Cristóbal
Sánchez-Fuentes, María del Mar
Parrón Carreño, Tesifón
Sierra, Juan Carlos
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7218
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7218
https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP55.2.08
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Apego
Parejas del mismo sexo
Ansiedad
Evitación
Propiedades psicométricas
Attachment
Same-sex relationship
Anxiety
Avoidance
Psychometric properties
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_5e92d2970debd909be2ddbf6c82995df
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7218
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Validation of the short version of the experiences in close relationship in adults with a same sex partner
title Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
spellingShingle Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
Apego
Parejas del mismo sexo
Ansiedad
Evitación
Propiedades psicométricas
Attachment
Same-sex relationship
Anxiety
Avoidance
Psychometric properties
title_short Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
title_full Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
title_fullStr Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
title_full_unstemmed Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
title_sort Validación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Calvillo, Cristóbal
Sánchez-Fuentes, María del Mar
Parrón Carreño, Tesifón
Sierra, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Calvillo, Cristóbal
Sánchez-Fuentes, María del Mar
Parrón Carreño, Tesifón
Sierra, Juan Carlos
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Apego
Parejas del mismo sexo
Ansiedad
Evitación
Propiedades psicométricas
Attachment
Same-sex relationship
Anxiety
Avoidance
Psychometric properties
topic Apego
Parejas del mismo sexo
Ansiedad
Evitación
Propiedades psicométricas
Attachment
Same-sex relationship
Anxiety
Avoidance
Psychometric properties
description Abstract Attachment includes two dimensions (anxiety by abandonment and avoidance of intimacy). For its evaluation, the validation of the brief version of the Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR-S) scale was carried out in adults with a same-sex partner. Construct validity, factorial invariance, differential item functioning, reliability of internal consistency and concurrent validity were examined. A sample of 815 homosexuals and 815 heterosexuals (half men and half women) were used, all of them in a couple relationship. The bifactorial structure of the ECR-S is confirmed, being invariant by sexual orientation and sex. Its two dimensions have an adequate internal consistency and their measurements show evidence of validity. The ECR-S constitutes an excellent tool for assessing attachment in homosexual adults with a samesex partner.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019-12-12
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-04T21:57:44Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2020-11-04T21:57:44Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1135-3848
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7218
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP55.2.08
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 1135-3848
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7218
https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP55.2.08
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Alksnis, C., Desmarais, S., & Wood, E. (1996). Gender differences in scripts for different types of dates. Sex Roles, 34(5-6), 321-336. doi:10.1007/BF01547805
Alonso-Arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 45-63. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00141.x
Antičević, V., Britvić, D., & Jokić-Begić, N. (2018). Attachment styles and sexuality: The contribution of gender, age and relationship status. Socijalna Psihijatrija, 46(2), 125-141. doi:10.24869/spsih.2018.125
Arcos-Romero, A. I., & Sierra, J. C. (2019). Factorial invariance, differential item functioning, and norms of the Orgasm Rating Scale. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19(1), 57-66. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.11.001
Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2005). Victimization over the life span: A comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 477-487. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.477
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
Bartholomew, K., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Methods of assessing adult attachment: Do they converge? En J.A. Simpson & W.S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 25-45). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Separation: Anxiety and anger (Vol. 2). Nueva York, NY: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss (2ª ed., Vol. 1). Nueva York, NY: Basic Books.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. En J. A. Simpson y W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Calvillo, C., Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., & Sierra, J. C. (2018). Revisión sistemática sobre la satisfacción sexual en parejas del mismo sexo. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 9(2), 115-136. doi:10.23923/j.rips.2018.02.018
Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(3), 521551.
Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
Craft, S. M., Serovich, J. M., McKenry, P. C., & Lim, J.-Y. (2008). Stress, attachment style, and partner violence among same-sex couples. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(1), 57-73. doi:10.1080/15504280802084456
D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148-167. doi:10.1521/scpq.17.2.148.20854
Del Giudice, M. (2011). Sex differences in romantic attachment: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(2), 193-214. doi:10.1177/0146167210392789
Del Giudice, M. (2019). Sex differences in attachment styles. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.004
Domingue, R., & Mollen, D. (2009). Attachment and conflict communication in adult romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(5), 678-696. doi:10.1177/0265407509347932
Dorans, N. J., & Holland, P. W. (1993). DIF detection and description: Mantel-Haenszel and standardization. En P. W. Holland y H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 35-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dunkel, C. S., Lukaszewski, A. W., & Chua, K. (2016). The relationship between sex, life history strategy, and adult romantic attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 176-178. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.040
Farr, R. H., Forssell, S. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2010). Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adoptive parents: Couple and relationship issues. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6(2), 199-213. doi:10.1080/15504281003705436
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. En J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 77-114). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Gómez-Zapiain, J. (2009). Apego y sexualidad. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Gómez-Zapiain, J., Ortiz, M. J., & Gómez-Lope, J. (2012). Capacidad para aportar y solicitar apoyo emocional en las relaciones de pareja en relación con los perfiles de apego. Anales de Psicología, 28(1), 302-312.
Gonsiorek, J. C. (1995). Gay male identities: Concepts and issues. En A. R. D’Augelli & C. J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities over the lifespan: Psychological perspectives (pp. 24-47). Nueva York, NY: Oxford University Press.
González, A., Padilla, J. L., Hidalgo, M. D., Gómez-Benito, J., & Benítez, I. (2011). EASY-DIF: Software for analyzing differential item functioning using the Mantel- Haenszel and standardization procedures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 35(6), 483-484. doi:10.1177/0146621610381489
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. En K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Attachment processes in adulthood (Vol. 5, pp. 17-52). Londres: Jessica Kingsley.
Guzmán-González, M., Barrientos, J., Cárdenas, M., Espinoza, M. F., Quijada, P., Rivera, C., …Tapia, P. (2016). Romantic attachment and life satisfaction in a sample of gay men and lesbians in Chile. International Journal of Sexual Health, 28(2), 141-150. doi:10.1080/19317611.2016.1153014
Guzman, J., Rovella, A., & Rivarola, M. (2012). La relación de apego y bienestar psicológico en adultos. Revista Diálogos, 3(2), 87-94.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
Hocking, E. C., Simons, R. M., Simons, J. S., & Freeman, H. (2018). Adult attachment and drinking context as predictors of alcohol problems and relationship satisfaction in college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(3), 339-347. doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1344682
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Jellison, W. A., & McConnell, A. R. (2004). The mediating effects of attitudes toward homosexuality between secure attachment and disclosure outcomes among gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(1-2), 159-177. doi:10.1300/j082v46n01_05
Katz, J., & Schneider, M. E. (2015). (Hetero)sexual compliance with unwanted casual sex: Associations with feelings about first sex and sexual self-perceptions. Sex Roles, 72(9-10), 451-461. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0467-z
Kelley, K. (2018). MBESS: The MBESS R Package. R package versión 4.4.3. Recuperado de https://CRAN.R- project.org/package=MBESS
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1998). Sexual behavior in the human male. Indiana: Indiana University Press (Orig. 1948).
Lafontaine, M. F., Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., Valois, P., Shaver, P. R., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). Selecting the best items for a shortform of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 32(2), 140-154. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000243
Li, T., & Chan, D. K. S. (2012). How anxious and avoidant attachment affect romantic relationship quality differently: A metaanalytic review. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 406-419. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1842
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
MacIntosh, H., Reissing, E. D., & Andruff, H. (2010). Same-sex marriage in Canada: The impact of legal marriage on the first cohort of gay and lesbian Canadians to wed. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 19(3), 79-90.
Mantel, N. (1963). Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom; extensions of the MantelHaenszel procedure. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(303), 690-700. doi:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500879
Mark, K. P., Vowels, L. M., & Murray, S. H. (2018). The impact of attachment style on sexual satisfaction and sexual desire in a sexually diverse sample. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(5), 450-458. doi:10.1080/0092623x.2017.1405310
Martínez, C., & Santelices, M. P. (2005). Evaluación del apego en el adulto: Una revisión. Psykhe, 14(1), 181-191. doi:10.4067/S0718-222820050001000280
McLaren, S. (2015). Gender, age, and place of residence as moderators of the internalized homophobia-depressive symptoms relation among Australian gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(4), 463-480. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.983376
Mikulincer, M. (2006). Attachment, caregiving, and sex within romantic relationships: A behavioral systems perspective. En M. Mikulincer & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), Dynamics of romantic love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex (pp. 23-44). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2ª ed.). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-121. doi:10.21500/20112084.857
Mohr, J. J., & Fassinger, R. E. (2003). Selfacceptance and self-disclosure of sexual orientation in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(4), 482-495. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.4.482
Pepping, C. A., & Halford, W. K. (2012). Attachment and relationship satisfaction in expectant first-time parents: The mediating role of relationship enhancing behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(6), 770-774. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.005
Peters, G. (2018). Userfriendlyscience: Quantitative analysis made accessible. R package versión 0.7.2. Recuperado de http://userfriendlyscience.com
R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Programa informático]. Viena: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Recuperado de https://www.R-project.org/
Ridge, S. R. & Feeney, J. A. (1998). Relationship history and relationship attitudes in gay males and lesbians: Attachment style and gender differences. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(6), 848-859. doi:10.3109/00048679809073875
Riggs, S. A., Cusimano, A. M., & Benson, K. M. (2011). Childhood emotional abuse and attachment processes in the dyadic adjustment of dating couples. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 126-138. doi:10.1037/a0021319
Román, M., Hodges, J., Palacios, J., Moreno, C., & Hillman, S. (2018). Evaluación de las representaciones mentales de apego a través de las historias incompletas: Aplicación Española de Story Stem Assessment Profile (SSAP). Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 1(46), 5-19. doi:10.21865/RIDEP46.1.01
RStudio Team. (2018). RStudio: Integrated Development for R [Programa informático]. Boston, MA: RStudio Inc. Recuperado de http://www.rstudio.com/
Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., Moyano, N., Granados, R., & Sierra, J. C. (2019). Validation of the Spanish version of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) using self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 10(1), 1-14. doi:10.23923/j.rips.2018.02.021
Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., Santos-Iglesias, P., Byers, E. S., & Sierra, J. C. (2015). Validation of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. The Journal of Sex Research, 52(9), 1028-1041. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.989307
Santos-Iglesias, P., Vallejo-Medina, P., & Sierra, J. C. (2009). Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico en muestras españolas. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9(3), 501-517.
Schachner, D. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Attachment dimensions and sexual motives. Personal Relationships, 11(2), 179-195. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00077.x
Scharfe, E. (2017). Sex differences in attachment. En T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science (pp 1-5). Nueva York, NY: Springer International.
Sevilla Rodríguez, A. J., Aparicio García, M. E., & Limiñana Gras, R. M. (2019). La salud de adolescentes y adultos transgénero: Revisión sistemática desde la perspectiva de género. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 1(50), 5-20. doi:10.21865/RIDEP50.1.01
Sherry, A. (2007). Internalized homophobia and adult attachment: Implications for clinical practice. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 219-225. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.219
Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004). Short-term temporal stability and factor structure of the revised Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) measure of adult attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 969-975. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00165-X
Sierra, J. C., Moyano, N., Vallejo-Medina, P., & Gómez-Berrocal, C. (2018). An abridged Spanish version of Sexual Double Standard Scale: Factorial structure, reliability and validity evidence. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 69-80. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.05.003
Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1986). Sexual scripts: Permanence and change. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 15(2), 97-120. doi: 10.1007/BF01542219
Sperling, M. B., & Berman, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives. Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.
Starks, T. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Adult attachment among partnered gay men: Patterns and associations with sexual relationship quality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(1), 107-117. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0224-8
Ventura-León, J. (2018). Intervalos de confianza para coeficientes omega: propuesta para el cálculo. Adicciones, 30(1), 77-78. doi:10.20882/adicciones.962
Wang, C-C. D. C., Schale, C. L., & Broz, K. K. (2010). Adult attachment; lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity; and sexual attitudes of nonheterosexual individuals. Journal of College Counseling, 13(1), 31-49. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2010.tb00046.x
Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2012). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. Chichester: Higher Education Press.
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204. doi:10.1080/00223890701268041
Yárnoz-Yaben, S., & Comino, P. (2011). Evaluación del apego adulto: Análisis de la convergencia entre diferentes instrumentos. Acción Psicológica, 8(2), 67-85. doi:10.5944/ap.8.2.191
Zinbarg, R. E., Revelle, W., & Yovel, I. (2007). Estimating ωh for structures containing two group factors: Perils and prospects. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(2), 135-157. doi:10.1177/0146621606291558
Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 21- 29. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1177992180
Zwick, R., Donoghue, J., & Grima, A. (1993). Assessment of differential item functioning for performance tasks. Journal of Educational Measurement, 30(3), 233-251. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb00425.x
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnostico y Evaluacion Psicologica
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340496668_Validacion_de_la_Version_Breve_de_la_Experiences_in_Close_Relationship_en_Adultos_con_Pareja_del_mismo_Sexo
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e61a12b3-ed12-4a39-9b12-771f948e9c0a/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/947dd734-0857-4435-aa95-9b983bf4167e/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d765813b-4588-459e-820d-5dacaf929427/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ffad066-3feb-44ba-8899-cd9abea9ac2e/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/df77d9a4-0a84-4ef6-ab10-ce42162742d8/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 590c9263d1f1034aa5223f6294af7254
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
827ef50dd15cf26cf8917fd6b77abe51
3d9f5c8ca66ad713294a7ba273340af2
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1828166886994477056
spelling Calvillo, CristóbalSánchez-Fuentes, María del MarParrón Carreño, TesifónSierra, Juan Carlos2020-11-04T21:57:44Z2020-11-04T21:57:44Z2019-12-121135-3848https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7218https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP55.2.08Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Abstract Attachment includes two dimensions (anxiety by abandonment and avoidance of intimacy). For its evaluation, the validation of the brief version of the Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR-S) scale was carried out in adults with a same-sex partner. Construct validity, factorial invariance, differential item functioning, reliability of internal consistency and concurrent validity were examined. A sample of 815 homosexuals and 815 heterosexuals (half men and half women) were used, all of them in a couple relationship. The bifactorial structure of the ECR-S is confirmed, being invariant by sexual orientation and sex. Its two dimensions have an adequate internal consistency and their measurements show evidence of validity. The ECR-S constitutes an excellent tool for assessing attachment in homosexual adults with a samesex partner.El apego incluye dos dimensiones (ansiedad por abandono y evitación de la intimidad). Para su evaluación se llevó a cabo la validación de la versión breve de la escala Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR-S) en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo. Se examinó la validez de constructo, la invarianza factorial, el funcionamiento diferencia del ítem, la fiabilidad de consistencia interna y la validez concurrente. Se empleó una muestra de 815 homosexuales y 815 heterosexuales (mitad hombres y mitad mujeres), todos ellos en una relación de pareja. Se confirma la estructura bifactorial de la ECR-S, siendo invariante por orientación sexual y sexo. Sus dos dimensiones presentan una consistencia interna adecuada y sus medidas manifiestan evidencias de validez. La ECR-S constituye una excelente herramienta para evaluar el apego en adultos homosexuales con pareja del mismo sexo.Calvillo, CristóbalSánchez-Fuentes, María del Mar-will be generated-orcid-0000-0003-3657-4981-600Parrón Carreño, TesifónSierra, Juan Carlosapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnostico y Evaluacion Psicologicahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/340496668_Validacion_de_la_Version_Breve_de_la_Experiences_in_Close_Relationship_en_Adultos_con_Pareja_del_mismo_SexoApegoParejas del mismo sexoAnsiedadEvitaciónPropiedades psicométricasAttachmentSame-sex relationshipAnxietyAvoidancePsychometric propertiesValidación de la versión breve de la Experiences in Close Relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexoValidation of the short version of the experiences in close relationship in adults with a same sex partnerArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAlksnis, C., Desmarais, S., & Wood, E. (1996). Gender differences in scripts for different types of dates. Sex Roles, 34(5-6), 321-336. doi:10.1007/BF01547805Alonso-Arbiol, I., Balluerka, N., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). A Spanish version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) adult attachment questionnaire. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 45-63. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00141.xAntičević, V., Britvić, D., & Jokić-Begić, N. (2018). Attachment styles and sexuality: The contribution of gender, age and relationship status. Socijalna Psihijatrija, 46(2), 125-141. doi:10.24869/spsih.2018.125Arcos-Romero, A. I., & Sierra, J. C. (2019). Factorial invariance, differential item functioning, and norms of the Orgasm Rating Scale. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19(1), 57-66. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.11.001Balsam, K. F., Rothblum, E. D., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2005). Victimization over the life span: A comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 477-487. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.477Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226Bartholomew, K., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Methods of assessing adult attachment: Do they converge? En J.A. Simpson & W.S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 25-45). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Separation: Anxiety and anger (Vol. 2). Nueva York, NY: Basic Books.Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss (2ª ed., Vol. 1). Nueva York, NY: Basic Books.Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. En J. A. Simpson y W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Calvillo, C., Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., & Sierra, J. C. (2018). Revisión sistemática sobre la satisfacción sexual en parejas del mismo sexo. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 9(2), 115-136. doi:10.23923/j.rips.2018.02.018Carretero-Dios, H., & Pérez, C. (2005). Normas para el desarrollo y revisión de estudios instrumentales. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 5(3), 521551.Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233-255. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644Craft, S. M., Serovich, J. M., McKenry, P. C., & Lim, J.-Y. (2008). Stress, attachment style, and partner violence among same-sex couples. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(1), 57-73. doi:10.1080/15504280802084456D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148-167. doi:10.1521/scpq.17.2.148.20854Del Giudice, M. (2011). Sex differences in romantic attachment: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(2), 193-214. doi:10.1177/0146167210392789Del Giudice, M. (2019). Sex differences in attachment styles. Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.004Domingue, R., & Mollen, D. (2009). Attachment and conflict communication in adult romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(5), 678-696. doi:10.1177/0265407509347932Dorans, N. J., & Holland, P. W. (1993). DIF detection and description: Mantel-Haenszel and standardization. En P. W. Holland y H. Wainer (Eds.), Differential item functioning (pp. 35-66). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Dunkel, C. S., Lukaszewski, A. W., & Chua, K. (2016). The relationship between sex, life history strategy, and adult romantic attachment style. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 176-178. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.040Farr, R. H., Forssell, S. L., & Patterson, C. J. (2010). Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual adoptive parents: Couple and relationship issues. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6(2), 199-213. doi:10.1080/15504281003705436Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. En J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 77-114). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Gómez-Zapiain, J. (2009). Apego y sexualidad. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.Gómez-Zapiain, J., Ortiz, M. J., & Gómez-Lope, J. (2012). Capacidad para aportar y solicitar apoyo emocional en las relaciones de pareja en relación con los perfiles de apego. Anales de Psicología, 28(1), 302-312.Gonsiorek, J. C. (1995). Gay male identities: Concepts and issues. En A. R. D’Augelli & C. J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities over the lifespan: Psychological perspectives (pp. 24-47). Nueva York, NY: Oxford University Press.González, A., Padilla, J. L., Hidalgo, M. D., Gómez-Benito, J., & Benítez, I. (2011). EASY-DIF: Software for analyzing differential item functioning using the Mantel- Haenszel and standardization procedures. Applied Psychological Measurement, 35(6), 483-484. doi:10.1177/0146621610381489Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. En K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships: Attachment processes in adulthood (Vol. 5, pp. 17-52). Londres: Jessica Kingsley.Guzmán-González, M., Barrientos, J., Cárdenas, M., Espinoza, M. F., Quijada, P., Rivera, C., …Tapia, P. (2016). Romantic attachment and life satisfaction in a sample of gay men and lesbians in Chile. International Journal of Sexual Health, 28(2), 141-150. doi:10.1080/19317611.2016.1153014Guzman, J., Rovella, A., & Rivarola, M. (2012). La relación de apego y bienestar psicológico en adultos. Revista Diálogos, 3(2), 87-94.Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511Hocking, E. C., Simons, R. M., Simons, J. S., & Freeman, H. (2018). Adult attachment and drinking context as predictors of alcohol problems and relationship satisfaction in college students. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(3), 339-347. doi:10.1080/00952990.2017.1344682Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118Jellison, W. A., & McConnell, A. R. (2004). The mediating effects of attitudes toward homosexuality between secure attachment and disclosure outcomes among gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 46(1-2), 159-177. doi:10.1300/j082v46n01_05Katz, J., & Schneider, M. E. (2015). (Hetero)sexual compliance with unwanted casual sex: Associations with feelings about first sex and sexual self-perceptions. Sex Roles, 72(9-10), 451-461. doi:10.1007/s11199-015-0467-zKelley, K. (2018). MBESS: The MBESS R Package. R package versión 4.4.3. Recuperado de https://CRAN.R- project.org/package=MBESSKinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1998). Sexual behavior in the human male. Indiana: Indiana University Press (Orig. 1948).Lafontaine, M. F., Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., Valois, P., Shaver, P. R., & Johnson, S. M. (2016). Selecting the best items for a shortform of the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 32(2), 140-154. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000243Li, T., & Chan, D. K. S. (2012). How anxious and avoidant attachment affect romantic relationship quality differently: A metaanalytic review. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(4), 406-419. doi:10.1002/ejsp.1842McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.MacIntosh, H., Reissing, E. D., & Andruff, H. (2010). Same-sex marriage in Canada: The impact of legal marriage on the first cohort of gay and lesbian Canadians to wed. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 19(3), 79-90.Mantel, N. (1963). Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom; extensions of the MantelHaenszel procedure. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58(303), 690-700. doi:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500879Mark, K. P., Vowels, L. M., & Murray, S. H. (2018). The impact of attachment style on sexual satisfaction and sexual desire in a sexually diverse sample. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44(5), 450-458. doi:10.1080/0092623x.2017.1405310Martínez, C., & Santelices, M. P. (2005). Evaluación del apego en el adulto: Una revisión. Psykhe, 14(1), 181-191. doi:10.4067/S0718-222820050001000280McLaren, S. (2015). Gender, age, and place of residence as moderators of the internalized homophobia-depressive symptoms relation among Australian gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(4), 463-480. doi:10.1080/00918369.2014.983376Mikulincer, M. (2006). Attachment, caregiving, and sex within romantic relationships: A behavioral systems perspective. En M. Mikulincer & G. S. Goodman (Eds.), Dynamics of romantic love: Attachment, caregiving, and sex (pp. 23-44). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change (2ª ed.). Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-121. doi:10.21500/20112084.857Mohr, J. J., & Fassinger, R. E. (2003). Selfacceptance and self-disclosure of sexual orientation in lesbian, gay and bisexual adults: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(4), 482-495. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.4.482Pepping, C. A., & Halford, W. K. (2012). Attachment and relationship satisfaction in expectant first-time parents: The mediating role of relationship enhancing behaviors. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(6), 770-774. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2012.08.005Peters, G. (2018). Userfriendlyscience: Quantitative analysis made accessible. R package versión 0.7.2. Recuperado de http://userfriendlyscience.comR Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Programa informático]. Viena: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Recuperado de https://www.R-project.org/Ridge, S. R. & Feeney, J. A. (1998). Relationship history and relationship attitudes in gay males and lesbians: Attachment style and gender differences. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32(6), 848-859. doi:10.3109/00048679809073875Riggs, S. A., Cusimano, A. M., & Benson, K. M. (2011). Childhood emotional abuse and attachment processes in the dyadic adjustment of dating couples. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 126-138. doi:10.1037/a0021319Román, M., Hodges, J., Palacios, J., Moreno, C., & Hillman, S. (2018). Evaluación de las representaciones mentales de apego a través de las historias incompletas: Aplicación Española de Story Stem Assessment Profile (SSAP). Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 1(46), 5-19. doi:10.21865/RIDEP46.1.01RStudio Team. (2018). RStudio: Integrated Development for R [Programa informático]. Boston, MA: RStudio Inc. Recuperado de http://www.rstudio.com/Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., Moyano, N., Granados, R., & Sierra, J. C. (2019). Validation of the Spanish version of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) using self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 10(1), 1-14. doi:10.23923/j.rips.2018.02.021Sánchez-Fuentes, M. M., Santos-Iglesias, P., Byers, E. S., & Sierra, J. C. (2015). Validation of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire in a Spanish sample. The Journal of Sex Research, 52(9), 1028-1041. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.989307Santos-Iglesias, P., Vallejo-Medina, P., & Sierra, J. C. (2009). Propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve de la Escala de Ajuste Diádico en muestras españolas. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 9(3), 501-517.Schachner, D. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Attachment dimensions and sexual motives. Personal Relationships, 11(2), 179-195. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00077.xScharfe, E. (2017). Sex differences in attachment. En T. K. Shackelford & V. A. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science (pp 1-5). Nueva York, NY: Springer International.Sevilla Rodríguez, A. J., Aparicio García, M. E., & Limiñana Gras, R. M. (2019). La salud de adolescentes y adultos transgénero: Revisión sistemática desde la perspectiva de género. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 1(50), 5-20. doi:10.21865/RIDEP50.1.01Sherry, A. (2007). Internalized homophobia and adult attachment: Implications for clinical practice. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 219-225. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.219Sibley, C. G., & Liu, J. H. (2004). Short-term temporal stability and factor structure of the revised Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) measure of adult attachment. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 969-975. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00165-XSierra, J. C., Moyano, N., Vallejo-Medina, P., & Gómez-Berrocal, C. (2018). An abridged Spanish version of Sexual Double Standard Scale: Factorial structure, reliability and validity evidence. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 69-80. doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.05.003Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1986). Sexual scripts: Permanence and change. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 15(2), 97-120. doi: 10.1007/BF01542219Sperling, M. B., & Berman, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). Attachment in adults: Clinical and developmental perspectives. Nueva York, NY: Guilford Press.Starks, T. J., & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Adult attachment among partnered gay men: Patterns and associations with sexual relationship quality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 43(1), 107-117. doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0224-8Ventura-León, J. (2018). Intervalos de confianza para coeficientes omega: propuesta para el cálculo. Adicciones, 30(1), 77-78. doi:10.20882/adicciones.962Wang, C-C. D. C., Schale, C. L., & Broz, K. K. (2010). Adult attachment; lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity; and sexual attitudes of nonheterosexual individuals. Journal of College Counseling, 13(1), 31-49. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2010.tb00046.xWang, J., & Wang, X. (2012). Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus. Chichester: Higher Education Press.Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204. doi:10.1080/00223890701268041Yárnoz-Yaben, S., & Comino, P. (2011). Evaluación del apego adulto: Análisis de la convergencia entre diferentes instrumentos. Acción Psicológica, 8(2), 67-85. doi:10.5944/ap.8.2.191Zinbarg, R. E., Revelle, W., & Yovel, I. (2007). Estimating ωh for structures containing two group factors: Perils and prospects. Applied Psychological Measurement, 31(2), 135-157. doi:10.1177/0146621606291558Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 21- 29. doi:10.22237/jmasm/1177992180Zwick, R., Donoghue, J., & Grima, A. (1993). Assessment of differential item functioning for performance tasks. Journal of Educational Measurement, 30(3), 233-251. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1993.tb00425.xPublicationORIGINALValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdfValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdfapplication/pdf663173https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e61a12b3-ed12-4a39-9b12-771f948e9c0a/download590c9263d1f1034aa5223f6294af7254MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/947dd734-0857-4435-aa95-9b983bf4167e/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d765813b-4588-459e-820d-5dacaf929427/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdf.jpgValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg66434https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4ffad066-3feb-44ba-8899-cd9abea9ac2e/download827ef50dd15cf26cf8917fd6b77abe51MD54TEXTValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdf.txtValidación de la versión breve de la Expriences in close relationship en adultos con pareja del mismo sexo.pdf.txttext/plain52251https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/df77d9a4-0a84-4ef6-ab10-ce42162742d8/download3d9f5c8ca66ad713294a7ba273340af2MD5511323/7218oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/72182024-09-17 14:22:14.96http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares