The legal status of tokens and their inheritance
This article considers the legal status of tokens, their specifics and distinctive features, as well as the possibility of inheriting this digital asset. The study aims at analyzing the legal nature and classification of tokens, as well as the specifics of their inheritance. While conducting this re...
- Autores:
-
Anatolyevna Kirillova, Elena
Blinkov, Oleg
Зульфугарзаде, Теймур
Vladimirovich Bocharov, Aleksandr
Yashevich Avdalyan, Artur
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
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- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7042
https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.16.1.2020.12
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Criptomoneda
Estado legal
Heredero
Tecnología de blockchain
Tecnología digital
Token
Blockchain technology
Cryptocurrency
Digital technologies
Heir
Legal status
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- CC0 1.0 Universal
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The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
El estado legal de los tokens y su herencia |
| title |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| spellingShingle |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance Criptomoneda Estado legal Heredero Tecnología de blockchain Tecnología digital Token Blockchain technology Cryptocurrency Digital technologies Heir Legal status |
| title_short |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| title_full |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| title_fullStr |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
| title_sort |
The legal status of tokens and their inheritance |
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Anatolyevna Kirillova, Elena Blinkov, Oleg Зульфугарзаде, Теймур Vladimirovich Bocharov, Aleksandr Yashevich Avdalyan, Artur |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Anatolyevna Kirillova, Elena Blinkov, Oleg Зульфугарзаде, Теймур Vladimirovich Bocharov, Aleksandr Yashevich Avdalyan, Artur |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Criptomoneda Estado legal Heredero Tecnología de blockchain Tecnología digital |
| topic |
Criptomoneda Estado legal Heredero Tecnología de blockchain Tecnología digital Token Blockchain technology Cryptocurrency Digital technologies Heir Legal status |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Token Blockchain technology Cryptocurrency Digital technologies Heir Legal status |
| description |
This article considers the legal status of tokens, their specifics and distinctive features, as well as the possibility of inheriting this digital asset. The study aims at analyzing the legal nature and classification of tokens, as well as the specifics of their inheritance. While conducting this research, it has been used the methods of collecting and studying singularities, generalization, scientific abstrac- tion, cognition of objective laws, objectivity, specificity and pluralism. It has been concluded that a token is an entry in the transaction block registry (blockchain) or other distributed information systems, which certifies that the token owner is entitled to civil law protections and/or is a cryptocurrency. It has been proved that tokens by their legal nature are digital units of accounting in the participating interest shares of entrepreneurial projects and authorized capitals of any company, digital price analogues of uncertificated securities and other objects of civil law. It has been developed a classification of tokens and emphasized the need to create an electronic data warehouse that contains access codes for these digital assets. After the testator’s death, these codes can be given to the heir by testament or by law in case the testator did not draw up the corresponding testament during their life. These conclusions and suggestions will allow to legally qualify tokens and resolve inheritance issues in this area. |
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Kirillova, E. Blinkov, O., Zulfugarzade, T., Bocharov, A. & Avdalyan, A. (2020). El estado legal de los tokens y su herencia. Jurídicas CUC, 16(1), 287–302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.16.1.2020.12 |
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Bollen, R. A. (2013). The Legal Status of Online Currencies: Are Bitcoins the Future? Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice. 1–38. Available from https://papers. ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2285247 Bryans, D. (2014). Bitcoin and money laundering: mining for an effective solution. Indiana Law Journal, 89(1), 441–472. Available from https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/ vol89/iss1/13/ Ciaian, P. and Rajcaniova, M. (2018). Virtual relationships: short- and longterm evidence from BitCoin and altcoin markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 52(1), 173–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.in- tfin.2017.11.001 Corbet, S., Lucey, B., Urquhart, A. and Yarovaya, L. (2019). Cryp- tocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 62(C), 182– 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.09.003 Davidson, L. and Block, W. (2015). Bitcoin, the regression theo- rem, and the emergence of a new medium of exchange. The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 18(3), 311–338. Available from https://mises.org/library/bit- coin-regression-theorem-and-emergence-new-medium- exchange De Graaf, T. J. (2019). From old to new: From internet to smart contracts and from people to smart contracts. Computer Law & Security Review, 35(5), 105322. Available from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/80378 Grinberg, R. (2011). Bitcoin: an innovative alternative digital currency. Hastings Science & Technology Law Journal, 4(1), 159–208. Available from https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_science_technology_law_journal/vol4/ iss1/3/ Gürkaynak, G., Yılmaz, İ., Yeşilaltay, B. and Bengi, B. (2018). Intellectual property law and practice in the blockchain realm. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.027 Janssen, M., Weerakkody, V., Ismagilova, E., Sivarajah, U. & Ira- ni, Z. (2020). A framework for analyzing blockchain technology adoption: Integrating institutional, market and technical factors. International Journal of Information Management, 50(1), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijinfomgt.2019.08.012 Kirillova, E. A., Pavlyuk, A. V., Zulfugarzade, T. & Mikhailova, I. A. (2018). Bitcoin, lifecoin, namecoin: the legal nature of virtual currency. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.14505// jarle.v9.1(31).16 Kotlyarov, S. B. (2018). Correlation of the notions of "law" and "legal procedure". Law and Education, (2), 44–49. Available from https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32382027 Lorne, F., Daram, S., Frantz, R., Kumar, N., Mohammed, A. and Muley, A. (2018). Blockchain Economics and Marketing. Journal of Computer and Communications, 6(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2018.612011 Low, K. F. K. and Teo, E. (2018). Chapter 10: Legal Risks of Own- ing Cryptocurrencies. In, D. Lee & R. Deng (eds.), Hand- book of Blockchain, Digital Finance, and Inclusion, Vol. 1, (pp. 225–247). London: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-810441-5.00010-5 Mazzorana-Kremer, F. (2019). Blockchain-Based Equity and STOs: Towards a Liquid Market for SME Financing? Theoretical Economics Letters, 9(5), 1534–1552. https:// doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.95099 McKinney, R. E., Shao, L. P., Rosenlieb, D. C. and Shao, D. H. (2015). Chapter 8 - Counterfeiting in Cryptocurrency: An Emerging Problem. In, D. Lee (ed.), Handbook of Digital Currency, (pp. 173–187). San Diego: Elsevier. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802117-0.00008-4 Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O. & Schiereck, D. (2017). Blockchain. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(3), 183– 187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0467-3 Savelyev, A. (2018). Some risks of tokenization and block- chainizaition of private law. Computer Law & Secu- rity Review, 34(4), 863–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. clsr.2018.05.010 Shanaev, S., Sharma, S., Ghimire, B. and Shuraeva, A. (2020). Taming the blockchain beast? Regulatory implications for the cryptocurrency Market. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ribaf.2019.101080 Sullivan, C. (2018). Digital identity – From emergent legal concept to new reality. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.015 Vandezande, N. (2017). Virtual currencies under EU antimoney laundering law. Computer Law & Security Review, 33(3), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.03.011 Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Guan, B. and Sui, X. (2015). The New Open Economy Macroeconomics of Working Habits. Theoretical Economics Letters, 5, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.4236/ tel.2015.51017 Zachariadis, M., Hileman, G. and Scott, S. V. (2019). Governance and control in distributed ledgers: Understanding the chal-lenges facing blockchain technology in financial services. Information and Organization, 29(2), 105–117. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.03.001 Zharova, A. and Ian, L. (2018). An examination of the experience of cryptocurrency use in Russia. In search of better practice. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(6), 1300–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.09.004 |
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Anatolyevna Kirillova, ElenaBlinkov, OlegЗульфугарзаде, ТеймурVladimirovich Bocharov, AleksandrYashevich Avdalyan, Artur2020-09-01T00:34:15Z2020-09-01T00:34:15Z2020-04-17Kirillova, E. Blinkov, O., Zulfugarzade, T., Bocharov, A. & Avdalyan, A. (2020). El estado legal de los tokens y su herencia. Jurídicas CUC, 16(1), 287–302. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.16.1.2020.12https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7042https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.16.1.2020.1210.17981/juridcuc.16.1.2020.122389-7716Corporación Universidad de la Costa1692-3030REDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This article considers the legal status of tokens, their specifics and distinctive features, as well as the possibility of inheriting this digital asset. The study aims at analyzing the legal nature and classification of tokens, as well as the specifics of their inheritance. While conducting this research, it has been used the methods of collecting and studying singularities, generalization, scientific abstrac- tion, cognition of objective laws, objectivity, specificity and pluralism. It has been concluded that a token is an entry in the transaction block registry (blockchain) or other distributed information systems, which certifies that the token owner is entitled to civil law protections and/or is a cryptocurrency. It has been proved that tokens by their legal nature are digital units of accounting in the participating interest shares of entrepreneurial projects and authorized capitals of any company, digital price analogues of uncertificated securities and other objects of civil law. It has been developed a classification of tokens and emphasized the need to create an electronic data warehouse that contains access codes for these digital assets. After the testator’s death, these codes can be given to the heir by testament or by law in case the testator did not draw up the corresponding testament during their life. These conclusions and suggestions will allow to legally qualify tokens and resolve inheritance issues in this area.Este artículo analiza el estado legal de los tokens, sus características específicas y distintivas, así como la posibilidad de herencia de este activo digital. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la naturaleza legal y la clasificación de los tokens, así como las especialidades de herencia. En esta investigación, se han utilizado los métodos de recopilación y estudio de sin- gularidades, generalización, abstracción científica, cognición de leyes objetivas, objetividad, especificidad y pluralismo. En el estudio se ha concluido que el token es una entrada en el registro de bloques de transacciones (blockchain), otro sistema de información distribuida que verifica que el propietario del token tiene derechos sobre objetos de derechos civiles y (o) es una criptomoneda. Se ha demostrado que los tokens, por su naturaleza legal, son unidad del precio digital en las acciones de individuos en proyectos empresariales, así como en el capital autorizado de la empresa: un análogo del precio digital de valores no certificados; análogo del precio digital de otros objetos de derechos civiles. Se ha propuesto una clasificación de tokens y se ha argumentado la necesidad de crear un repositorio electrónico contenido códigos del acceso para activos digitales, después de la muerte del testador, estos códigos pueden presentarse a los herederos por testamento o ley, si el testador no ha hecho las disposiciones testamentarias correspondientes durante su vida. Estas conclusiones y sugerencias ayudarán a resolver en la práctica los problemas de calificación legal del token y resolver problemas de herencia en esta área.Anatolyevna Kirillova, ElenaBlinkov, Oleg-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-3506-2194-600Зульфугарзаде, Теймур-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0778-1511-600Vladimirovich Bocharov, AleksandrYashevich Avdalyan, Artur16 páginasapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaJURÍDICAS CUC; Vol. 16, Núm. 1 (2020)JURÍDICAS CUCJURÍDICAS CUCBollen, R. A. (2013). The Legal Status of Online Currencies: Are Bitcoins the Future? Journal of Banking and Finance Law and Practice. 1–38. Available from https://papers. ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2285247Bryans, D. (2014). Bitcoin and money laundering: mining for an effective solution. Indiana Law Journal, 89(1), 441–472. Available from https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/ vol89/iss1/13/Ciaian, P. and Rajcaniova, M. (2018). Virtual relationships: short- and longterm evidence from BitCoin and altcoin markets. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 52(1), 173–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.in- tfin.2017.11.001Corbet, S., Lucey, B., Urquhart, A. and Yarovaya, L. (2019). Cryp- tocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis. International Review of Financial Analysis, 62(C), 182– 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2018.09.003Davidson, L. and Block, W. (2015). Bitcoin, the regression theo- rem, and the emergence of a new medium of exchange. The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, 18(3), 311–338. Available from https://mises.org/library/bit- coin-regression-theorem-and-emergence-new-medium- exchangeDe Graaf, T. J. (2019). From old to new: From internet to smart contracts and from people to smart contracts. Computer Law & Security Review, 35(5), 105322. Available from http://hdl.handle.net/1887/80378Grinberg, R. (2011). Bitcoin: an innovative alternative digital currency. Hastings Science & Technology Law Journal, 4(1), 159–208. Available from https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_science_technology_law_journal/vol4/ iss1/3/Gürkaynak, G., Yılmaz, İ., Yeşilaltay, B. and Bengi, B. (2018). Intellectual property law and practice in the blockchain realm. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.027Janssen, M., Weerakkody, V., Ismagilova, E., Sivarajah, U. & Ira- ni, Z. (2020). A framework for analyzing blockchain technology adoption: Integrating institutional, market and technical factors. International Journal of Information Management, 50(1), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijinfomgt.2019.08.012Kirillova, E. A., Pavlyuk, A. V., Zulfugarzade, T. & Mikhailova, I. A. (2018). Bitcoin, lifecoin, namecoin: the legal nature of virtual currency. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 9(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.14505// jarle.v9.1(31).16Kotlyarov, S. B. (2018). Correlation of the notions of "law" and "legal procedure". Law and Education, (2), 44–49. Available from https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=32382027Lorne, F., Daram, S., Frantz, R., Kumar, N., Mohammed, A. and Muley, A. (2018). Blockchain Economics and Marketing. Journal of Computer and Communications, 6(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2018.612011Low, K. F. K. and Teo, E. (2018). Chapter 10: Legal Risks of Own- ing Cryptocurrencies. In, D. Lee & R. Deng (eds.), Hand- book of Blockchain, Digital Finance, and Inclusion, Vol. 1, (pp. 225–247). London: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/ B978-0-12-810441-5.00010-5Mazzorana-Kremer, F. (2019). Blockchain-Based Equity and STOs: Towards a Liquid Market for SME Financing? Theoretical Economics Letters, 9(5), 1534–1552. https:// doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.95099McKinney, R. E., Shao, L. P., Rosenlieb, D. C. and Shao, D. H. (2015). Chapter 8 - Counterfeiting in Cryptocurrency: An Emerging Problem. In, D. Lee (ed.), Handbook of Digital Currency, (pp. 173–187). San Diego: Elsevier. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802117-0.00008-4Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O. & Schiereck, D. (2017). Blockchain. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(3), 183– 187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0467-3Savelyev, A. (2018). Some risks of tokenization and block- chainizaition of private law. Computer Law & Secu- rity Review, 34(4), 863–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. clsr.2018.05.010Shanaev, S., Sharma, S., Ghimire, B. and Shuraeva, A. (2020). Taming the blockchain beast? Regulatory implications for the cryptocurrency Market. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ribaf.2019.101080Sullivan, C. (2018). Digital identity – From emergent legal concept to new reality. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.015Vandezande, N. (2017). Virtual currencies under EU antimoney laundering law. Computer Law & Security Review, 33(3), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.03.011Wang, Y., Liu, Q., Guan, B. and Sui, X. (2015). The New Open Economy Macroeconomics of Working Habits. Theoretical Economics Letters, 5, 125–131. https://doi.org/10.4236/ tel.2015.51017Zachariadis, M., Hileman, G. and Scott, S. V. (2019). Governance and control in distributed ledgers: Understanding the chal-lenges facing blockchain technology in financial services. Information and Organization, 29(2), 105–117. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.03.001Zharova, A. and Ian, L. (2018). An examination of the experience of cryptocurrency use in Russia. In search of better practice. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(6), 1300–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.09.004302287116JurídicasCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2JURÍDICAS CUChttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/juridicascuc/article/view/2880The legal status of tokens and their inheritanceEl estado legal de los tokens y su herenciaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionCriptomonedaEstado legalHerederoTecnología de blockchainTecnología digitalTokenBlockchain technologyCryptocurrencyDigital technologiesHeirLegal statusPublicationORIGINALThe legal status of tokens and their inheritance.pdfThe legal status of tokens and their 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