New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes

Actual theaters of operations are complex contexts where soldiers must face different situations, such as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or close quarter combat. The requirements of the actual battlefield are different to the traditional conditioning military training. This new changing scenario produce...

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Autores:
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9281
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9281
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Strength
Endurance
Concurrent training
Military
Conditioning
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
title New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
spellingShingle New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
Strength
Endurance
Concurrent training
Military
Conditioning
title_short New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
title_full New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
title_fullStr New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
title_full_unstemmed New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
title_sort New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletes
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Strength
Endurance
Concurrent training
Military
Conditioning
topic Strength
Endurance
Concurrent training
Military
Conditioning
description Actual theaters of operations are complex contexts where soldiers must face different situations, such as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or close quarter combat. The requirements of the actual battlefield are different to the traditional conditioning military training. This new changing scenario produces an activation of the innate fight or flight defense mechanisms with large activations of the anaerobic metabolic pathways and the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In these scenarios, the anaerobic, aerobic, and strength demands are so specific and the time to improve all training demands in the units is limited. We propose a new training periodization for the military population based on the latest research into the psychophysiological response of soldiers in actual theaters of operations (actual military missions) and actual civilian models of training and periodization to develop a specific, easy, and reliable periodization model for actual tactical athletes. This training intervention was developed in order to improve operational training according to the demands of actual theaters of operations, based on recent research in military and civilian populations. We tried to conduct a proposal that is easy to apply, with minimal use of material different to what could be found in a military base and that could be implemented in a short period of time.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-22T14:18:30Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-22T14:18:30Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-21
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Clemente-Suárez, V.J. New Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9281
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su14031216
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2071-1050
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Clemente-Suárez, V.J. New Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216
10.3390/su14031216
2071-1050
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9281
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainability
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Psycho-physiological response of soldiers in urban combat. Ann. Psychol. 2013, 29, 598–603.
2. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on cortical arousal, anxiety, physiological response and marksmanship in close quarter combat. Ergonomics 2015, 58, 1842–1850. [CrossRef]
3. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Robles-Perez, J.J. Mechanical, physical, and physiological analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical combat. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2013, 27, 2420–2426. [CrossRef]
4. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Palomera, P.R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Psychophysiological response to acute-high-stress combat situations in professional soldiers. Stress Health 2018, 34, 247–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
5. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Diaz-Manzano, M.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Use of minicameras to improve operative procedure in security forces. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 130. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Psychophysiological response in parachute jumps, the effect of experience and type of jump. Physiol. Behav. 2017, 179, 178–183. [CrossRef]
7. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Psycho-physiological response in an automatic parachute jump. J. Sports Sci. 2017, 35, 1872–1878. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
8. Delgado-Moreno, R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Aznar, S.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Inalambric Biofeedback Devices to Analyze Strength Manifestation in Military Population. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 60. [CrossRef]
9. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; de la Vega, R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Lautenschlaeger, M.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Experience modulates the psychophysiological response of airborne warfighters during a tactical combat parachute jump. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2016, 110, 212–216. [CrossRef]
10. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of Combat Stress in the Psychophysiological Response of Elite and Non-Elite Soldiers. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 100. [CrossRef]
11. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Use of Psychophysiological Portable Devices to Analyse Stress Response in Different Experienced Soldiers. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 75. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
12. Mourtakos, S.; Vassiliou, G.; Kontoangelos, K.; Philippou, A.; Tzavellas, E.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Papageorgiou, C.; Sidossis, L.S.; Papageorgiou, C. Endocannabinoids and Heart Rate Variability Alterations after Exposure to Prolonged Intensive Physical Exercise of the Hellenic Navy SEALs. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 28. [CrossRef]
13. Taverniers, J.; Van Ruysseveldt, J.; Smeets, T.; Von Grumbkow, J. High-intensity stress elicits robust cortisol increases, and impairs working memory and visuo-spatial declarative memory in Special Forces candidates: A field experiment. Stress 2010, 13, 324–334. [CrossRef]
14. Delgado-Moreno, R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Combat Stress Decreases Memory of Warfighters in Action. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 124. [CrossRef]
15. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Herrera-Mendoza, K.; Herrera-Tapias, B.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Psychophysiological Response and Fine Motor Skills in High-Altitude Parachute Jumps. High Alt. Med. Biol. 2017, 18, 392–399. [CrossRef]
16. Wise, S.R.; Trigg, S.D. Optimizing Health, Wellness, and Performance of the Tactical Athlete. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2020, 19, 70–75. [CrossRef]
17. Santtila, M.; Keijo, H.; Laura, K.; Heikki, K. Changes in Cardiovascular Performance during an 8-Week Military Basic Training Period Combined with Added Endurance or Strength Training. Mil. Med. 2008, 173, 1173–1179. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. Clemente-Suárez, V.; Robles, J. Analysis of physiological markers, cortical activation and manifestations of force in a simulated combat. Arch. Med. Deporte 2012, 149, 594–600.
19. Sánchez-Molina, J.; Pérez, J.J.R.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of Parachute Jump in the Psychophysiological Response of Soldiers in Urban Combat. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 99. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
20. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of experience, equipment and fire actions in psychophysiological response and memory of soldiers in actual underground operations. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2018, 128, 40–46. [CrossRef]
21. Dyrstad, S.M.; Soltvedt, R.; Hallén, J. Physical Fitness and Physical Training during Norwegian Military Service. Mil. Med. 2006, 171, 736–741. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
22. Bullock, S.H.; Jones, B.H.; Gilchrist, J.; Marshall, S.W. Prevention of Physical Training—Related Injuries: Recommendations for the Military and other Active Populations Based on Expedited Systematic Reviews. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2010, 38, S156–S181. [CrossRef]
23. Hsu, L.L.; Nevin, R.L.; Tobler, S.K.; Rubertone, M.V. Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old ap-plicants to the United States military, 1993–2006. J. Adolesc. Health 2007, 41, 610–612. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Holdeman, T.C. Invisible wounds of war: Psychological and cognitive injuries, their consequences, and services to assist recovery. Psychiatr. Serv. 2009, 60, 273. [CrossRef]
25. Friedl, K.E.; Knapik, J.J.; Hakkinen, K.; Baumgartner, N.; Groeller, H.; Taylor, N.A.; Duarte, A.F.; Kyrolainen, H.; Jones, B.H.; Kraemer, W.J.; et al. Perspectives on Aerobic and Strength Influences on Military Physical Readiness: Report of an International Military Physiology Roundtable. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2015, 29 (Suppl. 11), S10–S23. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
26. Heinrich, K.M.; Spencer, V.; Fehl, N.; Carlos Poston, W.S. Mission essential fitness: Comparison of functional circuit training to traditional Army physical training for active duty military. Mil. Med. 2012, 177, 1125–1130. [CrossRef]
27. Diaz-Manzano, M.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Herrera-Mendoza, K.; Herrera-Tapias, B.; Fernández-Lucas, J.; Aznar-Laín, S.; ClementeSuarez, V.J. Effectiveness of Psycho-Physiological Portable Devices to Analyse Effect of Ergogenic Aids in Military Population. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 84. [CrossRef]
28. Turner, A. Strength and Conditioning for British Soldiers. Strength Cond. J. 2016, 38, 59–68. [CrossRef]
29. Mala, J.; Szivak, T.K.; Kraemer, W.J. Improving Performance of Heavy Load Carriage During High-Intensity Combat-Related Tasks. Strength Cond. J. 2015, 37, 43–52. [CrossRef]
30. Sánchez-Molina, J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Assessment of Psychophysiological Response and Specific Fine Motor Skills in Combat Units. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 67. [CrossRef]
31. Koral, J.; Oranchuk, D.J.; Herrera, R.; Millet, G.Y. Six Sessions of Sprint Interval Training Improves Running Performance in Trained Athletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2018, 32, 617–623. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. Prestes, J.; De Lima, C.; Frollini, A.B.; Donatto, F.F.; Conte, M. Comparison of linear and reverse linear periodization effects on maximal strength and body composition. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2009, 23, 266–274. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
33. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Dalamitros, A.; Ribeiro, J.; Sousa, A.; Fernandes, R.J.; Vilas-Boas, J.P. The effects of two different swimming training periodization on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2017, 17, 425–432. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Fernandes, R.J.; Arroyo-Toledo, J.; Figueiredo, P.; González-Ravé, J.M.; Vilas-Boas, J. Autonomic ad-aptation after traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations. Acta Physiol. Hung. 2015, 102, 105–113. [CrossRef]
35. Navarro, F.; Gaia, A.O. Entrenamiento Físico de Natación; Cultiva Libros: Sevilla, Spain, 2011.
36. Costill, D.L.; Thomas, R.; Robergs, R.A.; Pascoe, D.; Lambert, C.; Barr, S.; Fink, W.J. Adaptations to swimming training: Influence of training volume. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1991, 23, 371–377. [CrossRef]
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38. Sperlich, B.; Zinner, C.; Heilemann, I.; Kjendlie, P.-L.; Holmberg, H.-C.; Mester, J. High-intensity interval training improves VO2peak, maximal lactate accumulation, time trial and competition performance in 9–11-year-old swimmers. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010, 110, 1029–1036. [CrossRef]
39. Ebben, W.P.; Kindler, A.G.; Chirdon, K.A.; Jenkins, N.C.; Polichnowski, A.J.; Ng, A.V. The effect of high-load vs. high-repetition training on endurance performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2004, 18, 513–517.
40. Rhea, M.R.; Phillips, W.T.; Burkett, L.N.; Stone, W.J.; Ball, S.D.; Alvar, B.A.; Thomas, A.B. A comparison of linear and daily un-dulating periodized programs with equated volume and intensity for local muscular endurance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2003, 17, 82–87.
41. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Fernandes, R.J.; de Jesus, K.; Pelarigo, J.; Arroyo-Toledo, J.J.; Vilas-Boas, J.P. Do traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations lead to similar aerobic performance improvements? J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2018, 58, 761–767. [CrossRef]
42. Gibala, M.J.; Little, J.P.; Van Essen, M.; Wilkin, G.P.; Burgomaster, K.A.; Safdar, A.; Raha, S.; Tarnopolsky, M.A. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: Similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise per-formance. J. Physiol. 2006, 575, 901–911. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
43. Terada, S.; Yokozeki, T.; Kawanaka, K.; Ogawa, K.; Higuchi, M.; Ezaki, O.; Tabata, I. Effects of high-intensity swimming training on GLUT-4 and glucose transport activity in rat skeletal muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001, 90, 2019–2024. [CrossRef]
44. Terada, S.; Tabata, I.; Higuchi, M. Effect of high-intensity intermittent swimming training on fatty acid oxidation enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle. Jpn. J. Physiol. 2004, 54, 47–52. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
45. Arroyo-Toledo, J.J.; Suárez, V.J.C.; González, R.J.M. Effects of Traditional and Reverse Periodization on Strength, BodyComposition and Swim Performance. Imp. J. Interdiscip. Res. 2016, 2, 474–481.
46. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Ramos-Campo, D.J.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Parraca, J.A.; Batalha, N. The Effect of Periodization on Training Program Adherence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12973. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
47. Martín, J.P.G.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Ramos-Campo, D.J. Hematological and Running Performance Modification of Trained Athletes after Reverse vs. Block Training Periodization. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4825. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
48. Orr, R.M.; Pope, R. Optimizing the Physical Training of Military Trainees. Strength Cond. J. 2015, 37, 53–59. [CrossRef]
49. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Arroyo-Toledo, J.J. The Use of Autonomic Modulation Device to Control Training Performance after High-Intensity Interval Training Program. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 47. [CrossRef]
50. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Delgado-Moreno, R.; González, B.; Ortega, J.; Ramos-Campo, D.J. Amateur endurance triathletes’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity based training. Physiol. Behav. 2018, 205, 2–8. [CrossRef]
51. Sauers, S.E.; Scofield, D.E. Strength and Conditioning Strategies for Females in the Military. Strength Cond. J. 2014, 36, 1–7. [CrossRef]
52. Knapik, J.; Darakjy, S.; Scott, S.J.; Hauret, K.G. Evaluation of a standardized physical training program for basic combat training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2005, 19, 246. [PubMed]
53. Knapik, J.J.; Hauret, K.G.; Canham-Chervak, M.; Mansfield, A.J.; Hoedebecke, E.L.; McMILLIAN, D.; Arnold, S. Injury and Fitness Outcomes during Implementation of Physical Readiness Training. Int. J. Sports Med. 2003, 24, 372–381. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
54. Coutts, A.J.; Wallace, L.K.; Slattery, K.M. Monitoring Changes in Performance, Physiology, Biochemistry, and Psychology during Overreaching and Recovery in Triathletes. Int. J. Sports Med. 2007, 28, 125–134. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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spelling Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier2022-06-22T14:18:30Z2022-06-22T14:18:30Z2022-01-21Clemente-Suárez, V.J. New Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes. Sustainability 2022, 14, 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031216https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9281https://doi.org/10.3390/su1403121610.3390/su140312162071-1050Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Actual theaters of operations are complex contexts where soldiers must face different situations, such as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or close quarter combat. The requirements of the actual battlefield are different to the traditional conditioning military training. This new changing scenario produces an activation of the innate fight or flight defense mechanisms with large activations of the anaerobic metabolic pathways and the sympathetic autonomic nervous system. In these scenarios, the anaerobic, aerobic, and strength demands are so specific and the time to improve all training demands in the units is limited. We propose a new training periodization for the military population based on the latest research into the psychophysiological response of soldiers in actual theaters of operations (actual military missions) and actual civilian models of training and periodization to develop a specific, easy, and reliable periodization model for actual tactical athletes. This training intervention was developed in order to improve operational training according to the demands of actual theaters of operations, based on recent research in military and civilian populations. We tried to conduct a proposal that is easy to apply, with minimal use of material different to what could be found in a military base and that could be implemented in a short period of time.9 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSwitzerlandAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2New training program for the new requirements of combat of tactical athletesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/3/1216Sustainability1. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Psycho-physiological response of soldiers in urban combat. Ann. Psychol. 2013, 29, 598–603.2. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on cortical arousal, anxiety, physiological response and marksmanship in close quarter combat. Ergonomics 2015, 58, 1842–1850. [CrossRef]3. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Robles-Perez, J.J. Mechanical, physical, and physiological analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical combat. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2013, 27, 2420–2426. [CrossRef]4. Clemente-Suarez, V.J.; Palomera, P.R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Psychophysiological response to acute-high-stress combat situations in professional soldiers. Stress Health 2018, 34, 247–252. [CrossRef] [PubMed]5. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Diaz-Manzano, M.; Robles-Pérez, J.J. Use of minicameras to improve operative procedure in security forces. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 130. [CrossRef] [PubMed]6. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Psychophysiological response in parachute jumps, the effect of experience and type of jump. Physiol. Behav. 2017, 179, 178–183. [CrossRef]7. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Psycho-physiological response in an automatic parachute jump. J. Sports Sci. 2017, 35, 1872–1878. [CrossRef] [PubMed]8. Delgado-Moreno, R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Aznar, S.; Clemente-Suarez, V.J. Inalambric Biofeedback Devices to Analyze Strength Manifestation in Military Population. J. Med. Syst. 2018, 42, 60. [CrossRef]9. Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; de la Vega, R.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Lautenschlaeger, M.; Fernández-Lucas, J. Experience modulates the psychophysiological response of airborne warfighters during a tactical combat parachute jump. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 2016, 110, 212–216. [CrossRef]10. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Effect of Combat Stress in the Psychophysiological Response of Elite and Non-Elite Soldiers. J. Med. Syst. 2017, 41, 100. [CrossRef]11. Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Robles-Pérez, J.J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. 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[CrossRef] [PubMed]91314StrengthEnduranceConcurrent trainingMilitaryConditioningPublicationORIGINALNew Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes.pdfNew Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes.pdfapplication/pdf273235https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7605eca0-4d8f-4c2e-a430-654ed92a7ccf/downloaddf96212b0216e71f16bd388b3298b85dMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6f93962a-9a76-465c-83ac-5ae0306d741f/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTNew Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes.pdf.txtNew Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes.pdf.txttext/plain35623https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9b6dbc91-9e86-42d1-87fb-5b7fdc37cec4/downloada832a3e59e4e3c19d06c11bc3734f24cMD53THUMBNAILNew Training Program for the New Requirements of Combat of Tactical Athletes.pdf.jpgNew Training 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