The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players

The outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered a pandemic, jeopardizing global health. The sports world is also suffering enormous consequences, such as the suspension of the Olympic Games in Tokyo or, in chess, the cancelation of the World Candidates Tournament 2020. Chess is a sport characterized by high...

Full description

Autores:
Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
Martínez Patiño, María José
Villafaina, Santos
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8010
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8010
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Chess
Physical activity
Psychological inflexibility
Personality
Anxiety
Stress
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
id RCUC2_5b8c15af05d397d3197917ed1f7fa020
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8010
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
title The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
spellingShingle The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
Chess
Physical activity
Psychological inflexibility
Personality
Anxiety
Stress
title_short The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
title_full The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
title_fullStr The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
title_full_unstemmed The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
title_sort The effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
Martínez Patiño, María José
Villafaina, Santos
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Fuentes García, Juan Pedro
Martínez Patiño, María José
Villafaina, Santos
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Chess
Physical activity
Psychological inflexibility
Personality
Anxiety
Stress
topic Chess
Physical activity
Psychological inflexibility
Personality
Anxiety
Stress
description The outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered a pandemic, jeopardizing global health. The sports world is also suffering enormous consequences, such as the suspension of the Olympic Games in Tokyo or, in chess, the cancelation of the World Candidates Tournament 2020. Chess is a sport characterized by high psychophysiological demands derived from long training durations, tournaments, and games, leading to mental, emotional, and physical stress. These characteristics could provide chess players a certain advantage in facing quarantine situations. This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. We analyzed chess players (N: 450; age = 38.12 ± 14.01 years) in countries where confinement was mandatory: Professional players (N: 55; age = 43.35 ± 13), high-performance players (N: 53; age = 38.57 ± 13.46), competitive players (N: 284; age = 36.82 ± 13.91), and amateur players (N: 58; age = 39.10 ± 14.99). Results showed that chess players significantly decreased physical activity per day while increased chess practise during the confinement period. However, anxiety levels remained moderate despite the antistress effects of physical activity. Amateur players showed a significantly higher level of social alarm than professional and high-performance players. Moreover, professional players showed higher values of extraversion than high-performance players and amateur players. In neuroticism, professional players showed higher values than highperformance players. In addition, the professional players showed higher scores in psychological inflexibility than competitive players. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivity
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-09-11
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-03-15T13:23:10Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-03-15T13:23:10Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 16641078
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8010
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 16641078
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8010
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Aciego, R., Garcia, L., and Betancort, M. (2012). The benefits of chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment in schoolchildren. Span. J. Psychol. 15, 551–559. doi: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2. 38866
Alifirov, A. I., Mikhaylova, I. V., and Makhov, A. S. (2017). Sport-specific diet contribution to mental hygiene of chess player. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy 4, 96–98
Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., et al. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. J. Sleep Res. [Epub ahead of print]
Andersen, H. S., Sestoft, D., Lillebaek, T., Gabrielsen, G., Hemmingsen, R., and Kramp, P. (2000). A longitudinal study of prisoners on remand: psychiatric prevalence, incidence and psychopathology in solitary vs. nonsolitary confinement. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 102, 19–25. doi: 10.1034/j.1600- 0447.2000.102001019.x
Avni, A., Kipper, D. A., and Fox, S. (1987). Personality and leisure activities - an illustration with chess players. Pers. Individ. Diff. 8, 715–719. doi: 10.1016/0191- 8869(87)90070-5
Belinchon-deMiguel, P., Ruisoto-Palomera, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019). Psychophysiological stress response of a paralympic athlete during an ultraendurance event. A case study. J. Med. Syst. 43:70. doi: 10.1007/s10916-019- 1188-6
Bilalic, M., McLeod, P., and Gobet, F. (2007). Personality profiles of young chess players. Pers. Individ. Diff. 42, 901–910. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.025
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 395, 912–920. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20) 30460-8
Chen, N. S., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J. M., Gong, F. Y., Han, Y., et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395, 507–513. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7
Chen, P. J., Mao, L. J., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., and Li, F. Z. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): the need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci. 9, 103–104. doi: 10.1016/j. jshs.2020.02.001
Chess-rankings (2020). World Statistics. Available online at: https://chess-rankings. com/graficos.php (accessed April 6, 2020).
Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Hormeño-Holgado, A., Jiménez, M., Benitez-Agudelo, J. C., Navarro-Jiménez, E., Perez-Palencia, N., et al. (2020). Dynamics of population immunity due to the herd Effect in the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines 8:236. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020236
Cuéllar, J., and Díaz, A. (2009). Desempeño en Pruebas de Funciones Ejecutivas Que Miden el Componente de Planificación en un Grupo de 30 Ajedrecistas Profesionales, Aficionados y no Practicantes de Este Deporte en la Ciudad de Bogotá. Tesis de grado inédita, Pontificia Univesidad Javeriana, Colombia.
De la Vega, R., Barquin, R. R., Boros, S., and Szabo, A. (2020). Could attitudes toward COVID-19 in spain render men more vulnerable than women? Psyarxiv [Preprint]. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/dyxqn
Elo, A. (1978). The Rating Of Chessplayers, Past and Present. New York, NY: Batsford.
Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response, and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi 41, 145–151.
FIDE (2020). Top 100 Players April 2020 - Archive. Available online at: https: //ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=589 (accessed April 6, 2020).
Fritz, C., Morris, P., and Richler, J. (2012). Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 141, 2–18. doi: 10.1037/ a0024338
Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Pereira, T., Castro, M. A., Santos, A. C., and Villafaina, S. (2019b). Heart and brain responses to real versus simulated chess games in trained chess players: a quantitative EEG and HRV study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:5021. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245021
Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Pereira, T., Castro, M. A., Santos, A. C., and Villafaina, S. (2019c). Psychophysiological stress response of adolescent chess players during problem-solving tasks. Physiol. Behav. 209:112609. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh. 2019.112609
Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., Cano-Plasencia, R., and Gusi, N. (2020). Chess players increase the theta power spectrum when the difficulty of the opponent increases: an EEG study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:46. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010046
Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., de la Vega, R., Gusi, N., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2018). Use of biotechnological devices in the quantification of psychophysiological workload of professional chess players. J. Med. Syst. 42:40.
Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., de la Vega, R., Olivares, P. R., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019a). Differences between high vs. low performance chess players in heart rate variability during chess problems. Front. Psychol. 10:409. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00409
Grau-Perez, G., and Moreira, K. (2017). A study of the influence of chess on the Executive Functions in school-aged children. Estudios De Psicol. 38, 473–494. doi: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295578
Halabchi, F., Ahmadinejad, Z., and Selk-Ghaffari, M. (2020). COVID-19 epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question!. Asian J. Sports Med. 11:e102630
Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., and Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for homebased physical training. Manag. Sport Leisure 25, 1–6. doi: 10.1080/23750472. 2020.1757494
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., and Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys - Results from two population-based studies. Res. Aging 26, 655–672. doi: 10.1177/0164027504268574
International Chess Federation (2020). FIDE stops the Candidates Tournament. Available online at: https://www.fide.com/news/462 (accessed March 26, 2020).
International Olympic Committee (2020). Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic. Available online at: https://www.theguardian. com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-tocoronavirus-pandemic (accessed April 14, 2020)
Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., and Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active weibo users. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:2032. doi: 10.3390/ijerph1706203
Liu, S. W., Zhang, M., Yang, L., Li, Y. C., Wang, L. M., Huang, Z. J., et al. (2017). Prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking among Chinese adult men and women: findings of the 2010 national smoking survey. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 71, 154–161. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-207805
Makriyianis, H. M., Adams, E. A., Lozano, L. L., Mooney, T. A., Morton, C., and Liss, M. (2019). Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes. J. Context. Behav. Sci. 14, 82–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.09.007
Marteau, T. M., and Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a 6-item short-form of the state ccale of the spielberger state trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 31, 301–306. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x
Middelbeek, L., and Breda, J. (2013). Obesity and sedentarism: reviewing the current situation within the WHO european region. Curr. Obes. Rep. 2, 42–49. doi: 10.1007/s13679-013-0054-y
Petzold, M. B., Bendau, A., and Strohle, A. (2020). Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychotherapeut 65, 135–142. doi: 10.1007/s00278-020-00414-0
Radtke, E. L., Dusing, R., Kuhl, J., Tops, M., and Quirin, M. (2020). Personality, stress, and intuition: emotion regulation abilities moderate the effect of stressdependent cortisol increase on coherence judgments. Front. Psychol. 11:339. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00339
Rammstedt, B., and John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: a 10-item short version of the big five inventory in english and German. J. Res. Pers. 41, 203–212. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001
Ramos, L., Arán Filippetti, V., and Krumm, G. (2018). Funciones ejecutivas y práctica de ajedrez: un estudio en niños escolarizados. Psicogente 21, 25–34.
Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Tiwari, R., Sah, R., Rabaan, A. A., and Dhama, K. (2020). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: current scenario and recent developments - an overview. J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 14, 5–12. doi: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.02
Ruiz, F. J., Herrera, A. I. L., Luciano, C., Cangas, A. J., and Beltran, I. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: the spanish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire - II. Psicothema 25, 123–129. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2011.239
Strewe, C., Muckenthaler, F., Feuerecker, M., Yi, B., Rykova, M., Kaufmann, I., et al. (2015). Functional changes in neutrophils and psychoneuroendocrine responses during 105 days of confinement. J. Appl. Physiol. 118, 1122–1127. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00755.2014
Terrizzi, J. A., Shook, N. J., and Mcdaniel, M. A. (2013). The behavioral immune system and social conservatism: a meta-analysis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 34, 99–108. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.003
Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., Cano-Plasencia, R., Gusi, N., and Fuentes, J. P. (2019). Electroencephalographic response of chess players in decision-making processes under time pressure. Physiol. Behav. 198, 140–143. doi: 10.1016/j. physbeh.2018.10.017
Vollstadt-Klein, S., Grimm, O., Kirsch, P., and Bilalic, M. (2010). Personality of elite male and female chess players and its relation to chess skill. Learn. Individ. Diff. 20, 517–521. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2010.04.005
Wenham, C., Smith, J., Morgan, R., and Gender Covid 19 Working Group (2020). COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet 395, 846–848. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30526-2
Wicksell, R. K., Lekander, M., Sorjonen, K., and Olsson, G. L. (2010). The psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) - statistical properties and model fit of an instrument to assess change processes in pain related disability. Eur. J. Pain 14, 771.e1–771.e14
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020a). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) Situation Report –77. Available online at: https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200406-sitrep-77-covid-19. pdf?sfvrsn=21d1e632_2 (accessed April 25, 2020).
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020b). Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Available online at: https://www. who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/ (accessed April 26, 2020)
World Health Organization (WHO) (2020c). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - March 11 2020. Available online at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-openingremarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (accessed March 18, 2020).
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv CC0 1.0 Universal
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Frontiers in Psychology
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516050/
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/894ef642-52a0-45eb-ae9e-86b7d1060b06/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/38faacb5-319f-45a9-b622-632372509ec4/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/36ff16e5-335b-402b-9881-a702521eb5cf/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9e15ae78-5dbb-46b7-8e19-51922886adb1/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/305c6bf0-a517-4c58-9aae-6f04b4b8407d/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 58dfdd5f0720ffee48772eb966cc6ee6
42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
eae9f2158fdf381e52d182758afe99b3
51ed1699419be20bbd481ab266bcc4b6
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760792936120320
spelling Fuentes García, Juan PedroMartínez Patiño, María JoséVillafaina, SantosClemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier2021-03-15T13:23:10Z2021-03-15T13:23:10Z2020-09-1116641078https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8010https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01812Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The outbreak of COVID-19 has triggered a pandemic, jeopardizing global health. The sports world is also suffering enormous consequences, such as the suspension of the Olympic Games in Tokyo or, in chess, the cancelation of the World Candidates Tournament 2020. Chess is a sport characterized by high psychophysiological demands derived from long training durations, tournaments, and games, leading to mental, emotional, and physical stress. These characteristics could provide chess players a certain advantage in facing quarantine situations. This study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 confinement on behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess players based on their gender, level of education, and level of chess played. We analyzed chess players (N: 450; age = 38.12 ± 14.01 years) in countries where confinement was mandatory: Professional players (N: 55; age = 43.35 ± 13), high-performance players (N: 53; age = 38.57 ± 13.46), competitive players (N: 284; age = 36.82 ± 13.91), and amateur players (N: 58; age = 39.10 ± 14.99). Results showed that chess players significantly decreased physical activity per day while increased chess practise during the confinement period. However, anxiety levels remained moderate despite the antistress effects of physical activity. Amateur players showed a significantly higher level of social alarm than professional and high-performance players. Moreover, professional players showed higher values of extraversion than high-performance players and amateur players. In neuroticism, professional players showed higher values than highperformance players. In addition, the professional players showed higher scores in psychological inflexibility than competitive players. Finally, chess players with the highest academic level showed higher levels of personal concern and anxiety due to COVID-19 as well as lower psychological inflexibility compared to those with a lower academic level. In conclusion, chess players, especially those with a higher academic level, might have adapted their psychological profile to fit confinement situations and the worrying levels of physical inactivityFuentes García, Juan Pedro-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-8299-1092-600Martínez Patiño, María JoséVillafaina, SantosClemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2397-2801-600application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Frontiers in Psychologyhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7516050/ChessPhysical activityPsychological inflexibilityPersonalityAnxietyStressThe effect of COVID-19 confinement in behavioral, psychological, and training patterns of chess playersArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAciego, R., Garcia, L., and Betancort, M. (2012). The benefits of chess for the intellectual and social-emotional enrichment in schoolchildren. Span. J. Psychol. 15, 551–559. doi: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2. 38866Alifirov, A. I., Mikhaylova, I. V., and Makhov, A. S. (2017). Sport-specific diet contribution to mental hygiene of chess player. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy 4, 96–98Altena, E., Baglioni, C., Espie, C. A., Ellis, J., Gavriloff, D., Holzinger, B., et al. (2020). Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy. J. Sleep Res. [Epub ahead of print]Andersen, H. S., Sestoft, D., Lillebaek, T., Gabrielsen, G., Hemmingsen, R., and Kramp, P. (2000). A longitudinal study of prisoners on remand: psychiatric prevalence, incidence and psychopathology in solitary vs. nonsolitary confinement. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 102, 19–25. doi: 10.1034/j.1600- 0447.2000.102001019.xAvni, A., Kipper, D. A., and Fox, S. (1987). Personality and leisure activities - an illustration with chess players. Pers. Individ. Diff. 8, 715–719. doi: 10.1016/0191- 8869(87)90070-5Belinchon-deMiguel, P., Ruisoto-Palomera, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019). Psychophysiological stress response of a paralympic athlete during an ultraendurance event. A case study. J. Med. Syst. 43:70. doi: 10.1007/s10916-019- 1188-6Bilalic, M., McLeod, P., and Gobet, F. (2007). Personality profiles of young chess players. Pers. Individ. Diff. 42, 901–910. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.08.025Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., et al. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 395, 912–920. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20) 30460-8Chen, N. S., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J. M., Gong, F. Y., Han, Y., et al. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395, 507–513. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7Chen, P. J., Mao, L. J., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., and Li, F. Z. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): the need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. J. Sport Health Sci. 9, 103–104. doi: 10.1016/j. jshs.2020.02.001Chess-rankings (2020). World Statistics. Available online at: https://chess-rankings. com/graficos.php (accessed April 6, 2020).Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Hormeño-Holgado, A., Jiménez, M., Benitez-Agudelo, J. C., Navarro-Jiménez, E., Perez-Palencia, N., et al. (2020). Dynamics of population immunity due to the herd Effect in the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines 8:236. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020236Cuéllar, J., and Díaz, A. (2009). Desempeño en Pruebas de Funciones Ejecutivas Que Miden el Componente de Planificación en un Grupo de 30 Ajedrecistas Profesionales, Aficionados y no Practicantes de Este Deporte en la Ciudad de Bogotá. Tesis de grado inédita, Pontificia Univesidad Javeriana, Colombia.De la Vega, R., Barquin, R. R., Boros, S., and Szabo, A. (2020). Could attitudes toward COVID-19 in spain render men more vulnerable than women? Psyarxiv [Preprint]. doi: 10.31234/osf.io/dyxqnElo, A. (1978). The Rating Of Chessplayers, Past and Present. New York, NY: Batsford.Epidemiology Working Group for Ncip Epidemic Response, and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi 41, 145–151.FIDE (2020). Top 100 Players April 2020 - Archive. Available online at: https: //ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=589 (accessed April 6, 2020).Fritz, C., Morris, P., and Richler, J. (2012). Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 141, 2–18. doi: 10.1037/ a0024338Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Pereira, T., Castro, M. A., Santos, A. C., and Villafaina, S. (2019b). Heart and brain responses to real versus simulated chess games in trained chess players: a quantitative EEG and HRV study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:5021. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245021Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Pereira, T., Castro, M. A., Santos, A. C., and Villafaina, S. (2019c). Psychophysiological stress response of adolescent chess players during problem-solving tasks. Physiol. Behav. 209:112609. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh. 2019.112609Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., Cano-Plasencia, R., and Gusi, N. (2020). Chess players increase the theta power spectrum when the difficulty of the opponent increases: an EEG study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:46. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010046Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., de la Vega, R., Gusi, N., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2018). Use of biotechnological devices in the quantification of psychophysiological workload of professional chess players. J. Med. Syst. 42:40.Fuentes-Garcia, J. P., Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., de la Vega, R., Olivares, P. R., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019a). Differences between high vs. low performance chess players in heart rate variability during chess problems. Front. Psychol. 10:409. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00409Grau-Perez, G., and Moreira, K. (2017). A study of the influence of chess on the Executive Functions in school-aged children. Estudios De Psicol. 38, 473–494. doi: 10.1080/02109395.2017.1295578Halabchi, F., Ahmadinejad, Z., and Selk-Ghaffari, M. (2020). COVID-19 epidemic: exercise or not to exercise; that is the question!. Asian J. Sports Med. 11:e102630Hammami, A., Harrabi, B., Mohr, M., and Krustrup, P. (2020). Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for homebased physical training. Manag. Sport Leisure 25, 1–6. doi: 10.1080/23750472. 2020.1757494Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., and Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys - Results from two population-based studies. Res. Aging 26, 655–672. doi: 10.1177/0164027504268574International Chess Federation (2020). FIDE stops the Candidates Tournament. Available online at: https://www.fide.com/news/462 (accessed March 26, 2020).International Olympic Committee (2020). Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic. Available online at: https://www.theguardian. com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-tocoronavirus-pandemic (accessed April 14, 2020)Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., and Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active weibo users. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:2032. doi: 10.3390/ijerph1706203Liu, S. W., Zhang, M., Yang, L., Li, Y. C., Wang, L. M., Huang, Z. J., et al. (2017). Prevalence and patterns of tobacco smoking among Chinese adult men and women: findings of the 2010 national smoking survey. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 71, 154–161. doi: 10.1136/jech-2016-207805Makriyianis, H. M., Adams, E. A., Lozano, L. L., Mooney, T. A., Morton, C., and Liss, M. (2019). Psychological inflexibility mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health outcomes. J. Context. Behav. Sci. 14, 82–89. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.09.007Marteau, T. M., and Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a 6-item short-form of the state ccale of the spielberger state trait anxiety inventory (STAI). Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 31, 301–306. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.xMiddelbeek, L., and Breda, J. (2013). Obesity and sedentarism: reviewing the current situation within the WHO european region. Curr. Obes. Rep. 2, 42–49. doi: 10.1007/s13679-013-0054-yPetzold, M. B., Bendau, A., and Strohle, A. (2020). Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders. Psychotherapeut 65, 135–142. doi: 10.1007/s00278-020-00414-0Radtke, E. L., Dusing, R., Kuhl, J., Tops, M., and Quirin, M. (2020). Personality, stress, and intuition: emotion regulation abilities moderate the effect of stressdependent cortisol increase on coherence judgments. Front. Psychol. 11:339. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00339Rammstedt, B., and John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: a 10-item short version of the big five inventory in english and German. J. Res. Pers. 41, 203–212. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001Ramos, L., Arán Filippetti, V., and Krumm, G. (2018). Funciones ejecutivas y práctica de ajedrez: un estudio en niños escolarizados. Psicogente 21, 25–34.Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Bonilla-Aldana, D. K., Tiwari, R., Sah, R., Rabaan, A. A., and Dhama, K. (2020). COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: current scenario and recent developments - an overview. J. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 14, 5–12. doi: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.02Ruiz, F. J., Herrera, A. I. L., Luciano, C., Cangas, A. J., and Beltran, I. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: the spanish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire - II. Psicothema 25, 123–129. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2011.239Strewe, C., Muckenthaler, F., Feuerecker, M., Yi, B., Rykova, M., Kaufmann, I., et al. (2015). Functional changes in neutrophils and psychoneuroendocrine responses during 105 days of confinement. J. Appl. Physiol. 118, 1122–1127. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00755.2014Terrizzi, J. A., Shook, N. J., and Mcdaniel, M. A. (2013). The behavioral immune system and social conservatism: a meta-analysis. Evol. Hum. Behav. 34, 99–108. doi: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.10.003Villafaina, S., Collado-Mateo, D., Cano-Plasencia, R., Gusi, N., and Fuentes, J. P. (2019). Electroencephalographic response of chess players in decision-making processes under time pressure. Physiol. Behav. 198, 140–143. doi: 10.1016/j. physbeh.2018.10.017Vollstadt-Klein, S., Grimm, O., Kirsch, P., and Bilalic, M. (2010). Personality of elite male and female chess players and its relation to chess skill. Learn. Individ. Diff. 20, 517–521. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2010.04.005Wenham, C., Smith, J., Morgan, R., and Gender Covid 19 Working Group (2020). COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet 395, 846–848. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30526-2Wicksell, R. K., Lekander, M., Sorjonen, K., and Olsson, G. L. (2010). The psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) - statistical properties and model fit of an instrument to assess change processes in pain related disability. Eur. J. Pain 14, 771.e1–771.e14World Health Organization (WHO) (2020a). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) Situation Report –77. Available online at: https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200406-sitrep-77-covid-19. pdf?sfvrsn=21d1e632_2 (accessed April 25, 2020).World Health Organization (WHO) (2020b). Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Available online at: https://www. who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_recommendations/en/ (accessed April 26, 2020)World Health Organization (WHO) (2020c). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - March 11 2020. Available online at: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-openingremarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (accessed March 18, 2020).PublicationORIGINALThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdfThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdfapplication/pdf316365https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/894ef642-52a0-45eb-ae9e-86b7d1060b06/download58dfdd5f0720ffee48772eb966cc6ee6MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/38faacb5-319f-45a9-b622-632372509ec4/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/36ff16e5-335b-402b-9881-a702521eb5cf/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdf.jpgThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg23883https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9e15ae78-5dbb-46b7-8e19-51922886adb1/downloadeae9f2158fdf381e52d182758afe99b3MD54TEXTThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdf.txtThe Effect of COVID-19 Confinement in Behavioral, Psychological, and Training Patterns of Chess Players.pdf.txttext/plain45657https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/305c6bf0-a517-4c58-9aae-6f04b4b8407d/download51ed1699419be20bbd481ab266bcc4b6MD5511323/8010oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/80102024-09-17 12:43:55.47http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares