Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience
The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three...
- Autores:
-
Nikolaidis, Pantelis
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Chlíbková, Daniela
Knechtle, Beat
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8324
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8324
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Body fat
Endurance training
Maximal oxygen uptake
Skinfold thickness
Sport history
Training volume
Grasa corporal
Entrenamiento de resistencia
Consumo máximo de oxígeno
Pliegue cutáneo
Historial deportivo
Entrenamiento volumen
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- CC0 1.0 Universal
id |
RCUC2_4fa9f658c1f730b515892b6f0ce6fa08 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8324 |
network_acronym_str |
RCUC2 |
network_name_str |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv |
Entrenamiento, características antropométricas y fisiológicas en hombres corredores de maratón recreativo: el papel de la experiencia deportiva |
title |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
spellingShingle |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience Body fat Endurance training Maximal oxygen uptake Skinfold thickness Sport history Training volume Grasa corporal Entrenamiento de resistencia Consumo máximo de oxígeno Pliegue cutáneo Historial deportivo Entrenamiento volumen |
title_short |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
title_full |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
title_fullStr |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
title_full_unstemmed |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
title_sort |
Training, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experience |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Nikolaidis, Pantelis Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier Chlíbková, Daniela Knechtle, Beat |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Nikolaidis, Pantelis Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier Chlíbková, Daniela Knechtle, Beat |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Body fat Endurance training Maximal oxygen uptake Skinfold thickness Sport history Training volume |
topic |
Body fat Endurance training Maximal oxygen uptake Skinfold thickness Sport history Training volume Grasa corporal Entrenamiento de resistencia Consumo máximo de oxígeno Pliegue cutáneo Historial deportivo Entrenamiento volumen |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Grasa corporal Entrenamiento de resistencia Consumo máximo de oxígeno Pliegue cutáneo Historial deportivo Entrenamiento volumen |
description |
The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n = 69, age 43.5 ± 8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n = 66, 45.2 ± 9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44 ± 0:36 vs. 4:20 ± 0:44 h:min, p < 0.001, respectively); lower flexibility (15.9 ± 9.3 vs. 19.3 ± 15.9 cm, p = 0.022), abdominal (20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 23.8 ± 9.0 mm, p = 0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness (16.7 ± 6.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.9 mm, p = 0.013), and body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0 ± 4.4 vs. 14.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.047); more weekly training days (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.038); and longer weekly running distance (58.8 ± 24.0 vs. 47.2 ± 16.1 km, p = 0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-01T15:21:43Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-01T15:21:43Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-04 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1664042X |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8324 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
1664042X Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8324 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Aragon-Vargas, L. F. (2000). Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: methodology, reliability, validity, and accuracy. Me Aschmann, A., Knechtle, B., Onywera, V. O., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Pacing strategies in the New York city marathon – does nationality of finishers matter? Asian J. Sports Med. 9:e57596. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.57 596 Barandun, U., Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., Klipstein, A., Rust, C. A., Rosemann, T., et al. (2012). Running speed during training and percent body fat predict race time in recreational male marathoners. Open Access J. Sports Med. 3, 51–58. doi: 10.2147/oajsm.s33284 Belinchon-deMiguel, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2018). Psychophysiological, body composition, biomechanical and autonomic modulation analysis procedures in an ultraendurance mountain race. J. Med. Syst. 42:32. doi: 10. 1007/s10916-017-0889-y Belinchon-Demiguel, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019). Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 59, 791–797. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08920-x Belinchon-deMiguel, P., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Dalamitros, A. A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, B., et al. (2019). Multidisciplinary analysis of differences between finisher and non-finisher ultra-endurance mountain athletes. Front. Physiol. 10:1507. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01507 Bishop, E. N., Dang, T., Morrell, H., Estis, J., and Bishop, J. J. (2019). Effect of health and training on ultrasensitive cardiac troponin in marathon runners. J. Appl. Lab. Med. 3, 775–787. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2018.026153 Chrismas, B. C. R., Taylor, L., Siegler, J. C., and Midgley, A. W. (2017). A reduction in maximal incremental exercise test duration 48 h post downhill run is associated with muscle damage derived exercise induced pain. Front. Physiol. 8:135. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00135 Clemente Suarez, V. J., and Gonzalez-Rave, J. M. (2014). Four weeks of training with different aerobic workload distributions–effect on aerobic performance. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 14(Suppl. 1), S1–S7. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.635708 Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2015). Psychophysiological response and energy balance during a 14-h ultraendurance mountain running event. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 40, 269–273. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0263 Clemente-Suarez, V. J., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2017). Use of bioimpedianciometer as predictor of mountain marathon performance. J. Med. Syst. 41:73. doi: 10. 1007/s10916-017-0722-7 Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Dalamitros, A. A., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018a). The effect of a short-term training period on physiological parameters and running performance: intensity distribution versus constant-intensity exercise. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 58, 1–7. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06756-6 Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Dalamitros, A., Ribeiro, J., Sousa, A., Fernandes, R. J., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2017). The effects of two different swimming training periodization on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 17, 425–432. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1253775 Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Fernandes, R. J., Arroyo-Toledo, J. J., Figueiredo, P., Gonzalez-Rave, J. M., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2015). Autonomic adaptation after traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations. Acta Physiol. Hung. 102, 105–113. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.102.2015.1.11 Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Fernandes, R. J., de Jesus, K., Pelarigo, J. G., ArroyoToledo, J. J., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2018b). Do traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations lead to similar aerobic performance improvements? J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 58, 761–767. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07 465-5 Conconi, F., Ferrari, M., Ziglio, P. G., Droghetti, P., and Codeca, L. (1982). Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 52, 869–873. doi: 10.1152/jappl. 1982.52.4.869 Drew, R. C., Sinoway, L. I., and White, M. J. (2011). The two-hour marathon: running economy and lower body flexibility. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 110, 284–285; discussion 294. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01259.2010 Eston, R., and Reilly, T. (2009). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual. Tests, Procedures and Data: Anthropometry, 3rd Edn, Vol. 1. London: Routledge Fontana, P., Boutellier, U., and Knopfli-Lenzin, C. (2009). Time to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state is similar for cycling and running in moderately trained subjects. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 107, 187–192. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009- 1111-9 Gordon, D., Wightman, S., Basevitch, I., Johnstone, J., Espejo-Sanchez, C., Beckford, C., et al. (2017). Physiological and training characteristics of recreational marathon runners. Open Access J. Sports Med. 8, 231–241. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S141657 Hagan, R. D., Smith, M. G., and Gettman, L. R. (1981). Marathon performance in relation to maximal aerobic power and training indices. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 13, 185–189. Hernando, C., Hernando, C., Martinez-Navarro, I., Collado-Boira, E., Panizo, N., and Hernando, B. (2020). Estimation of energy consumed by middleaged recreational marathoners during a marathon using accelerometry-based devices. Sci. Rep. 10:1523. Iwasaki, K., Zhang, R., Zuckerman, J. H., and Levine, B. D. (2003). Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit? J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 95, 1575– 1583. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00482.2003 Jamart, C., Francaux, M., Millet, G. Y., Deldicque, L., Frere, D., and Feasson, L. (2012). Modulation of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways during ultra-endurance running. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 112, 1529–1537. doi: 10.1152/ japplphysiol.00952.2011 Jones, A. M. (2002). Running economy is negatively related to sit-and-reach test performance in international-standard distance runners. Int. J. Sports Med. 23, 40–43. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-19271 Knechtle, B., Di Gangi, S., Rust, C. A., Rosemann, T., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Men’s participation and performance in the Boston marathon from 1897 to 2017. Int. J. Sports Med. 39, 1018–1027. doi: 10.1055/a-0660-0061 Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., and Rosemann, T. (2010a). Race performance in male mountain ultra-marathoners: anthropometry or training? Percept. Mot. Skills 110(3 Pt 1), 721–735. doi: 10.2466/pms.110.3.721-735 Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, P., and Lepers, R. (2010b). Predictor variables for a 100-km race time in male ultra-marathoners. Percept. Mot. Skills 111, 681–693. doi: 10.2466/05.25.pms.111.6.681-693 Lane, A. M., and Wilson, M. (2011). Emotions and trait emotional intelligence among ultra-endurance runners. J. Sci. Med. Sport 14, 358–362. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsams.2011.03.001 Lee, J. H. (2019). The effect of long-distance running on bone strength and bone biochemical markers. J. Exerc. Rehabil. 15, 26–30. doi: 10.12965/jer.1836564. 282 Lopez-Torres, O., Del Pozo-Cruz, B., Maroto-Sanchez, B., Vila-Maldonado, S., Gomez-Cabello, A., Martin-Garcia, M., et al. (2019). Does fitness attenuate the relationship between changes in sitting time and health-related quality of life over time in community-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the EXERNET multicenter longitudinal study. Qual. Life Res. 28, 3259–3266. doi: 10.1007/ s11136-019-02252-3 Louis, J. B., Bontemps, B., and Lepers, R. (2020). Analysis of the world record time for combined father and son marathon. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 128, 440–444. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00819.2019 Martinez-Navarro, I., Montoya-Vieco, A., Collado, E., Hernando, B., and Hernando, C. (2020). Inspiratory and lower-limb strength importance in mountain ultramarathon running. Sex differences and relationship with performance. Sports 8:134. doi: 10.3390/sports8100134 Mayorga-Vega, D., Merino-Marban, R., and Viciana, J. (2014). Criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach tests for estimating hamstring and lumbar extensibility: a meta-analysis. J. Sports Sci. Med. 13, 1–14. doi: 10.5465/ambpp.2010. 54500471 McCormack, G. R., Frehlich, L., Blackstaffe, A., Turin, T. C., and Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2020). Active and fit communities. associations between neighborhood walkability and health-related fitness in adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:1131. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041131 Mosher, T. J., Liu, Y., and Torok, C. M. (2010). Functional cartilage MRI T2 mapping: evaluating the effect of age and training on knee cartilage response to running. Osteoarthritis Cartil. 18, 358–364. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.011 Nelson, A. G., Kokkonen, J., Eldredge, C., Cornwell, A., and Glickman-Weiss, E. (2001). Chronic stretching and running economy. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 11, 260–265. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110502.x Nieman, D. C., Lasasso, H., Austin, M. D., Pearce, S., McInnis, T., and Unick, J. (2007). Validation of Cosmed’s FitMate in measuring exercise metabolism. Res. Sports Med. 15, 67–75. doi: 10.1080/15438620601184380 Nikolaidis, P. T., and Knechtle, B. (2018). Pacing strategies in the ‘Athens classic marathon’: physiological and psychological aspects. Front. Physiol. 9:1539. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01539 Nikolaidis, P. T., Cuk, I., and Knechtle, B. (2019). Pacing of women and men ´ in half-marathon and marathon races. Medicina (Kaunas) 55:14. doi: 10.3390/ medicina55010014 Ramos-Campo, D. J., Sánchez, F. M., García, P. E., Arias, J. A. R., Cerezal, A. B., Clemente-Suarez, V. J., et al. (2014). Body composition features in different playing position of professional team indoor players: Basketball, handball and futsal. Int. J. Morphol. 32, 1316–1324. doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022014000400032 Salinero, J. J., Soriano, M. L., Lara, B., Gallo-Salazar, C., Areces, F., Ruiz-Vicente, D., et al. (2017). Predicting race time in male amateur marathon runners. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 57, 1169–1177. Suárez, V. C., Campo, D. R., and González-Ravé, J. M. (2011). Modifications to body composition after running an alpine marathon. Int. Sport Med. J. 12, 133–140. Till, E. S., Armstrong, S. A., Harris, G., and Maloney, S. (2016). Predicting Marathon Time Using Exhaustive Graded Exercise Test in Marathon Runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 30, 512–517. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001152 Trehearn, T. L., and Buresh, R. J. (2009). Sit-and-reach flexibility and running economy of men and women collegiate distance runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23, 158–162. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818eaf49 Vitti, A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Villiger, E., Onywera, V., and Knechtle, B. (2020). The “New York city marathon”: participation and performance trends of 1.2M runners during half-century. Res. Sports Med. 28, 121–137. doi: 10.1080/ 15438627.2019.1586705 Waskiewicz, Z., Nikolaidis, P. T., Gerasimuk, D., Borysiuk, Z., Rosemann, T., and Knechtle, B. (2019). What motivates successful marathon runners? The role of sex, age, education, and training experience in polish runners. Front. Psychol. 10:1671. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01671 |
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
CC0 1.0 Universal |
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
CC0 1.0 Universal http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Frontiers in Physiology |
institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201/full |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c3d81ecd-6c56-4b07-a0ec-d0bd6ca7c4a8/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9dd503fb-3f9c-4de2-8f0f-f7556fa161cd/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/695d1012-0873-4878-812e-8f7cf880bcb0/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/beb21cb6-8373-4e7a-abe1-c21e01ccf1be/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fef0ac64-5dfd-40d8-9028-eafc2fab6fa8/download |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
505b47f1407d7a21fa17f1c287d28871 42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708c e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad 288a639810584cbba82fa15f7f0c3a0a 45f0edd7c83b5913cf398b73e2939fd7 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repdigital@cuc.edu.co |
_version_ |
1811760684386484224 |
spelling |
Nikolaidis, PantelisClemente-Suárez, Vicente JavierChlíbková, DanielaKnechtle, Beat2021-06-01T15:21:43Z2021-06-01T15:21:43Z2021-041664042Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/8324https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n = 69, age 43.5 ± 8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n = 66, 45.2 ± 9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44 ± 0:36 vs. 4:20 ± 0:44 h:min, p < 0.001, respectively); lower flexibility (15.9 ± 9.3 vs. 19.3 ± 15.9 cm, p = 0.022), abdominal (20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 23.8 ± 9.0 mm, p = 0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness (16.7 ± 6.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.9 mm, p = 0.013), and body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0 ± 4.4 vs. 14.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.047); more weekly training days (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.038); and longer weekly running distance (58.8 ± 24.0 vs. 47.2 ± 16.1 km, p = 0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility.El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar las características fisiológicas y de entrenamiento en corredores de maratón con diferentes experiencias deportivas (definidas como el número de finales en carreras de maratón). Las características antropométricas y fisiológicas de los corredores de resistencia recreativos masculinos con tres o menos finales en carreras de maratón (grupo novato, NOV; n = 69, edad 43,5 ± 8,0 años) y cuatro o más finales (grupo experimentado, EXP; n = 66, 45,2 ± 9,4 años) se compararon. EXP tuvo un tiempo de mejor maratón personal más rápido (3:44 ± 0:36 frente a 4:20 ± 0:44 h: min, p <0,001, respectivamente); menor flexibilidad (15,9 ± 9,3 frente a 19,3 ± 15,9 cm, p = 0,022), abdominal (20,6 ± 7,9 frente a 23,8 ± 9,0 mm, p = 0,030) y grosor del pliegue cutáneo de la cresta ilíaca (16,7 ± 6,7 frente a 19,9 ± 7,9 mm, p = 0,013) y la grasa corporal evaluada mediante análisis de bioimpedancia (13,0 ± 4,4 frente a 14,6 ± 4,7%, p = 0,047); más días de entrenamiento semanales (4.6 ± 1.4 vs 4.1 ± 1.0 días, p = 0.038); y mayor distancia de carrera semanal (58,8 ± 24,0 frente a 47,2 ± 16,1 km, p = 0,001) que NOV. Los hallazgos indicaron que el entrenamiento de maratones a largo plazo podría inducir adaptaciones en el rendimiento de resistencia, la composición corporal y la flexibilidad.Nikolaidis, Pantelis-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-8030-7122-600Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-2397-2801-600Chlíbková, DanielaKnechtle, Beatapplication/pdfengFrontiers in PhysiologyCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Body fatEndurance trainingMaximal oxygen uptakeSkinfold thicknessSport historyTraining volumeGrasa corporalEntrenamiento de resistenciaConsumo máximo de oxígenoPliegue cutáneoHistorial deportivoEntrenamiento volumenTraining, anthropometric, and physiological characteristics in men recreational marathon runners: The role of sport experienceEntrenamiento, características antropométricas y fisiológicas en hombres corredores de maratón recreativo: el papel de la experiencia deportivaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.666201/fullAragon-Vargas, L. F. (2000). Evaluation of four vertical jump tests: methodology, reliability, validity, and accuracy. MeAschmann, A., Knechtle, B., Onywera, V. O., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Pacing strategies in the New York city marathon – does nationality of finishers matter? Asian J. Sports Med. 9:e57596. doi: 10.5812/asjsm.57 596Barandun, U., Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., Klipstein, A., Rust, C. A., Rosemann, T., et al. (2012). Running speed during training and percent body fat predict race time in recreational male marathoners. Open Access J. Sports Med. 3, 51–58. doi: 10.2147/oajsm.s33284Belinchon-deMiguel, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2018). Psychophysiological, body composition, biomechanical and autonomic modulation analysis procedures in an ultraendurance mountain race. J. Med. Syst. 42:32. doi: 10. 1007/s10916-017-0889-yBelinchon-Demiguel, P., and Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2019). Nutrition, hydration and ergogenic aids strategies in ultraendurance mountain events. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 59, 791–797. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08920-xBelinchon-deMiguel, P., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Dalamitros, A. A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, B., et al. (2019). Multidisciplinary analysis of differences between finisher and non-finisher ultra-endurance mountain athletes. Front. Physiol. 10:1507. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01507Bishop, E. N., Dang, T., Morrell, H., Estis, J., and Bishop, J. J. (2019). Effect of health and training on ultrasensitive cardiac troponin in marathon runners. J. Appl. Lab. Med. 3, 775–787. doi: 10.1373/jalm.2018.026153Chrismas, B. C. R., Taylor, L., Siegler, J. C., and Midgley, A. W. (2017). A reduction in maximal incremental exercise test duration 48 h post downhill run is associated with muscle damage derived exercise induced pain. Front. Physiol. 8:135. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00135Clemente Suarez, V. J., and Gonzalez-Rave, J. M. (2014). Four weeks of training with different aerobic workload distributions–effect on aerobic performance. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 14(Suppl. 1), S1–S7. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.635708Clemente-Suarez, V. J. (2015). Psychophysiological response and energy balance during a 14-h ultraendurance mountain running event. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 40, 269–273. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0263Clemente-Suarez, V. J., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2017). Use of bioimpedianciometer as predictor of mountain marathon performance. J. Med. Syst. 41:73. doi: 10. 1007/s10916-017-0722-7Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Dalamitros, A. A., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018a). The effect of a short-term training period on physiological parameters and running performance: intensity distribution versus constant-intensity exercise. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 58, 1–7. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.16.06756-6Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Dalamitros, A., Ribeiro, J., Sousa, A., Fernandes, R. J., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2017). The effects of two different swimming training periodization on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 17, 425–432. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1253775Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Fernandes, R. J., Arroyo-Toledo, J. J., Figueiredo, P., Gonzalez-Rave, J. M., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2015). Autonomic adaptation after traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations. Acta Physiol. Hung. 102, 105–113. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.102.2015.1.11Clemente-Suarez, V. J., Fernandes, R. J., de Jesus, K., Pelarigo, J. G., ArroyoToledo, J. J., and Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2018b). Do traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations lead to similar aerobic performance improvements? J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 58, 761–767. doi: 10.23736/s0022-4707.17.07 465-5Conconi, F., Ferrari, M., Ziglio, P. G., Droghetti, P., and Codeca, L. (1982). Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 52, 869–873. doi: 10.1152/jappl. 1982.52.4.869Drew, R. C., Sinoway, L. I., and White, M. J. (2011). The two-hour marathon: running economy and lower body flexibility. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 110, 284–285; discussion 294. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01259.2010Eston, R., and Reilly, T. (2009). Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual. Tests, Procedures and Data: Anthropometry, 3rd Edn, Vol. 1. London: RoutledgeFontana, P., Boutellier, U., and Knopfli-Lenzin, C. (2009). Time to exhaustion at maximal lactate steady state is similar for cycling and running in moderately trained subjects. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 107, 187–192. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009- 1111-9Gordon, D., Wightman, S., Basevitch, I., Johnstone, J., Espejo-Sanchez, C., Beckford, C., et al. (2017). Physiological and training characteristics of recreational marathon runners. Open Access J. Sports Med. 8, 231–241. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S141657Hagan, R. D., Smith, M. G., and Gettman, L. R. (1981). Marathon performance in relation to maximal aerobic power and training indices. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 13, 185–189.Hernando, C., Hernando, C., Martinez-Navarro, I., Collado-Boira, E., Panizo, N., and Hernando, B. (2020). Estimation of energy consumed by middleaged recreational marathoners during a marathon using accelerometry-based devices. Sci. Rep. 10:1523.Iwasaki, K., Zhang, R., Zuckerman, J. H., and Levine, B. D. (2003). Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit? J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 95, 1575– 1583. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00482.2003Jamart, C., Francaux, M., Millet, G. Y., Deldicque, L., Frere, D., and Feasson, L. (2012). Modulation of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways during ultra-endurance running. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 112, 1529–1537. doi: 10.1152/ japplphysiol.00952.2011Jones, A. M. (2002). Running economy is negatively related to sit-and-reach test performance in international-standard distance runners. Int. J. Sports Med. 23, 40–43. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-19271Knechtle, B., Di Gangi, S., Rust, C. A., Rosemann, T., and Nikolaidis, P. T. (2018). Men’s participation and performance in the Boston marathon from 1897 to 2017. Int. J. Sports Med. 39, 1018–1027. doi: 10.1055/a-0660-0061Knechtle, B., Knechtle, P., and Rosemann, T. (2010a). Race performance in male mountain ultra-marathoners: anthropometry or training? Percept. Mot. Skills 110(3 Pt 1), 721–735. doi: 10.2466/pms.110.3.721-735Knechtle, B., Rosemann, T., Knechtle, P., and Lepers, R. (2010b). Predictor variables for a 100-km race time in male ultra-marathoners. Percept. Mot. Skills 111, 681–693. doi: 10.2466/05.25.pms.111.6.681-693Lane, A. M., and Wilson, M. (2011). Emotions and trait emotional intelligence among ultra-endurance runners. J. Sci. Med. Sport 14, 358–362. doi: 10.1016/ j.jsams.2011.03.001Lee, J. H. (2019). The effect of long-distance running on bone strength and bone biochemical markers. J. Exerc. Rehabil. 15, 26–30. doi: 10.12965/jer.1836564. 282Lopez-Torres, O., Del Pozo-Cruz, B., Maroto-Sanchez, B., Vila-Maldonado, S., Gomez-Cabello, A., Martin-Garcia, M., et al. (2019). Does fitness attenuate the relationship between changes in sitting time and health-related quality of life over time in community-dwelling older adults? Evidence from the EXERNET multicenter longitudinal study. Qual. Life Res. 28, 3259–3266. doi: 10.1007/ s11136-019-02252-3Louis, J. B., Bontemps, B., and Lepers, R. (2020). Analysis of the world record time for combined father and son marathon. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985) 128, 440–444. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00819.2019Martinez-Navarro, I., Montoya-Vieco, A., Collado, E., Hernando, B., and Hernando, C. (2020). Inspiratory and lower-limb strength importance in mountain ultramarathon running. Sex differences and relationship with performance. Sports 8:134. doi: 10.3390/sports8100134Mayorga-Vega, D., Merino-Marban, R., and Viciana, J. (2014). Criterion-related validity of sit-and-reach tests for estimating hamstring and lumbar extensibility: a meta-analysis. J. Sports Sci. Med. 13, 1–14. doi: 10.5465/ambpp.2010. 54500471McCormack, G. R., Frehlich, L., Blackstaffe, A., Turin, T. C., and Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2020). Active and fit communities. associations between neighborhood walkability and health-related fitness in adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17:1131. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041131Mosher, T. J., Liu, Y., and Torok, C. M. (2010). Functional cartilage MRI T2 mapping: evaluating the effect of age and training on knee cartilage response to running. Osteoarthritis Cartil. 18, 358–364. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.011Nelson, A. G., Kokkonen, J., Eldredge, C., Cornwell, A., and Glickman-Weiss, E. (2001). Chronic stretching and running economy. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 11, 260–265. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110502.xNieman, D. C., Lasasso, H., Austin, M. D., Pearce, S., McInnis, T., and Unick, J. (2007). Validation of Cosmed’s FitMate in measuring exercise metabolism. Res. Sports Med. 15, 67–75. doi: 10.1080/15438620601184380Nikolaidis, P. T., and Knechtle, B. (2018). Pacing strategies in the ‘Athens classic marathon’: physiological and psychological aspects. Front. Physiol. 9:1539. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01539Nikolaidis, P. T., Cuk, I., and Knechtle, B. (2019). Pacing of women and men ´ in half-marathon and marathon races. Medicina (Kaunas) 55:14. doi: 10.3390/ medicina55010014Ramos-Campo, D. J., Sánchez, F. M., García, P. E., Arias, J. A. R., Cerezal, A. B., Clemente-Suarez, V. J., et al. (2014). Body composition features in different playing position of professional team indoor players: Basketball, handball and futsal. Int. J. Morphol. 32, 1316–1324. doi: 10.4067/S0717-95022014000400032Salinero, J. J., Soriano, M. L., Lara, B., Gallo-Salazar, C., Areces, F., Ruiz-Vicente, D., et al. (2017). Predicting race time in male amateur marathon runners. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 57, 1169–1177.Suárez, V. C., Campo, D. R., and González-Ravé, J. M. (2011). Modifications to body composition after running an alpine marathon. Int. Sport Med. J. 12, 133–140.Till, E. S., Armstrong, S. A., Harris, G., and Maloney, S. (2016). Predicting Marathon Time Using Exhaustive Graded Exercise Test in Marathon Runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 30, 512–517. doi: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001152Trehearn, T. L., and Buresh, R. J. (2009). Sit-and-reach flexibility and running economy of men and women collegiate distance runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23, 158–162. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31818eaf49Vitti, A., Nikolaidis, P. T., Villiger, E., Onywera, V., and Knechtle, B. (2020). The “New York city marathon”: participation and performance trends of 1.2M runners during half-century. Res. Sports Med. 28, 121–137. doi: 10.1080/ 15438627.2019.1586705Waskiewicz, Z., Nikolaidis, P. T., Gerasimuk, D., Borysiuk, Z., Rosemann, T., and Knechtle, B. (2019). What motivates successful marathon runners? The role of sex, age, education, and training experience in polish runners. Front. Psychol. 10:1671. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01671PublicationORIGINALfphys-12-666201.pdffphys-12-666201.pdfapplication/pdf1868261https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c3d81ecd-6c56-4b07-a0ec-d0bd6ca7c4a8/download505b47f1407d7a21fa17f1c287d28871MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9dd503fb-3f9c-4de2-8f0f-f7556fa161cd/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/695d1012-0873-4878-812e-8f7cf880bcb0/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53THUMBNAILfphys-12-666201.pdf.jpgfphys-12-666201.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg58816https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/beb21cb6-8373-4e7a-abe1-c21e01ccf1be/download288a639810584cbba82fa15f7f0c3a0aMD54TEXTfphys-12-666201.pdf.txtfphys-12-666201.pdf.txttext/plain34871https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fef0ac64-5dfd-40d8-9028-eafc2fab6fa8/download45f0edd7c83b5913cf398b73e2939fd7MD5511323/8324oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/83242024-09-16 16:48:25.472http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |