Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky
Mineralogical and geochemical features of mining and processing wastes collected in Owen County, part of the Central Kentucky Lead–Zinc district, were investigated. The Gratz mine, abandoned in the 1940s, is on a dairy farm. Aside from discerning the nature of mining refuse at the site, the investig...
- Autores:
-
Hower, James
Fiket, Željka
Henke, Kevin
Hiett, John K.
Thorson, Jon S.
Kharel, Madan
Dai, Shifeng
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9178
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9178
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Spoil
Mining waste
Mineralogy
Geochemistry
Pb–Zn mine
- Rights
- embargoedAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| title |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| spellingShingle |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky Spoil Mining waste Mineralogy Geochemistry Pb–Zn mine |
| title_short |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| title_full |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| title_fullStr |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| title_sort |
Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Hower, James Fiket, Željka Henke, Kevin Hiett, John K. Thorson, Jon S. Kharel, Madan Dai, Shifeng Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hower, James Fiket, Željka Henke, Kevin Hiett, John K. Thorson, Jon S. Kharel, Madan Dai, Shifeng Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Silva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Spoil Mining waste Mineralogy Geochemistry Pb–Zn mine |
| topic |
Spoil Mining waste Mineralogy Geochemistry Pb–Zn mine |
| description |
Mineralogical and geochemical features of mining and processing wastes collected in Owen County, part of the Central Kentucky Lead–Zinc district, were investigated. The Gratz mine, abandoned in the 1940s, is on a dairy farm. Aside from discerning the nature of mining refuse at the site, the investigation was part of the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy’s mission to explore unusual environments in the search for unique microbiological communities. Four samples of a soil-plus-spoils mix were collected from spoil piles and two samples, the sluice and coarse samples, were closely associated with the site of the ore processing. Optical petrology (polarized reflected-light, oil-immersion optics at a final magnification of 500 ×), X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and/or microbeam diffraction (MBD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analyses were employed to characterize the samples. Calcite is the main mineral in most samples, followed by near equal amounts of quartz and dolomite. Sphalerite and galena are the principal sulfides and barite is the dominant sulfate. Geochemistry of major elements reflected the mineralogy, whereas trace elements showed different groupings between the minerals. Scandium, Cu, Ga, Ge, Cd, and Sb were found predominantly associated with Zn and Pb and sulfide minerals; Bi, Hf, In, Sn, and Zr with heavy mineral fraction; while the remaining trace elements, including the rare earths, were mostly distributed among other present phases, i.e., oxyhalides, oxides, silicates, and carbonaceous material. The data were used to illustrate the processes and conditions that control the sulfide-mineral oxidation and its potential for the environmental release of associated reaction products. The wastes represent a potential source of environmentally disruptive concentrations of Zn, Pb, and other sulfide-associated elements. The high share of carbonates suggests near-neutral conditions in deposited wastes, restricting sulfide weathering and further limiting the oxidant activity of Fe. The low-Fe content and its predominant presence in highly resistant hematite also constrain sulfide weathering. Consequently, the spoils have a low potential for generation of acidity and release of heavy metal(loid)s in the surrounding environment. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-18T15:30:57Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-18T15:30:57Z 2023-03-17 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-03-17 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
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| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hower, J.C., Fiket, Ž., Henke, K.R. et al. Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky. J Soils Sediments (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 |
| dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1439-0108 |
| dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9178 |
| dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 |
| dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1614-7480 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Hower, J.C., Fiket, Ž., Henke, K.R. et al. Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky. J Soils Sediments (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 1439-0108 10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 1614-7480 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9178 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Soils and Sediments |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
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ISRN Ecology: Article ID 402647. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/402647 Yan X, Dai S, Graham IT, He X, Shan K, Liu X (2018) Determination of Eu concentrations in coal, fly ash and sedimentary rocks using a cation exchange resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Int J Coal Geol 191:152–156 Zhao K, Jiang S-Y (2007) Rare earth element and yttrium analyses of sulfides from the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore field, Guangxi Province, China: implication for ore genesis. Geochem J 41:121–134 |
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Hower, JamesFiket, ŽeljkaHenke, KevinHiett, John K.Thorson, Jon S.Kharel, MadanDai, ShifengSilva Oliveira, Luis FelipeSilva Oliveira, Marcos Leandro2022-05-18T15:30:57Z2023-03-172022-05-18T15:30:57Z2022-03-17Hower, J.C., Fiket, Ž., Henke, K.R. et al. Soils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky. J Soils Sediments (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-61439-0108https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9178https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-610.1007/s11368-022-03171-61614-7480Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Mineralogical and geochemical features of mining and processing wastes collected in Owen County, part of the Central Kentucky Lead–Zinc district, were investigated. The Gratz mine, abandoned in the 1940s, is on a dairy farm. Aside from discerning the nature of mining refuse at the site, the investigation was part of the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy’s mission to explore unusual environments in the search for unique microbiological communities. Four samples of a soil-plus-spoils mix were collected from spoil piles and two samples, the sluice and coarse samples, were closely associated with the site of the ore processing. Optical petrology (polarized reflected-light, oil-immersion optics at a final magnification of 500 ×), X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and/or microbeam diffraction (MBD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analyses were employed to characterize the samples. Calcite is the main mineral in most samples, followed by near equal amounts of quartz and dolomite. Sphalerite and galena are the principal sulfides and barite is the dominant sulfate. Geochemistry of major elements reflected the mineralogy, whereas trace elements showed different groupings between the minerals. Scandium, Cu, Ga, Ge, Cd, and Sb were found predominantly associated with Zn and Pb and sulfide minerals; Bi, Hf, In, Sn, and Zr with heavy mineral fraction; while the remaining trace elements, including the rare earths, were mostly distributed among other present phases, i.e., oxyhalides, oxides, silicates, and carbonaceous material. The data were used to illustrate the processes and conditions that control the sulfide-mineral oxidation and its potential for the environmental release of associated reaction products. The wastes represent a potential source of environmentally disruptive concentrations of Zn, Pb, and other sulfide-associated elements. The high share of carbonates suggests near-neutral conditions in deposited wastes, restricting sulfide weathering and further limiting the oxidant activity of Fe. The low-Fe content and its predominant presence in highly resistant hematite also constrain sulfide weathering. Consequently, the spoils have a low potential for generation of acidity and release of heavy metal(loid)s in the surrounding environment.1 páginaapplication/pdfengSpringer Science + Business MediaGermanyAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfSoils and spoils: mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, KentuckyArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11368-022-03171-6?utm_source=xmol&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_content=meta&utm_campaign=DDCN_1_GL01_metadataKentuckyOwen CountyJournal of Soils and SedimentsAdibee N, Osanloo M, Rahmanpour M (2013) Adverse effects of coal mine waste dumps on the environment and their management. 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Geochem J 41:121–1341SpoilMining wasteMineralogyGeochemistryPb–Zn minePublicationORIGINALSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdfSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdfapplication/pdf80350https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6899ecd8-4648-456c-9059-e6ccc40cb802/download54ebaf59ec1354b11fd429428871a912MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/37a08715-88d5-41b4-a5ba-329bbc093b51/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdf.txtSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdf.txttext/plain2980https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9475861c-2bb6-4b57-b372-f202bcd606f1/download1b511a945db2698e9016de54d574671eMD53THUMBNAILSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdf.jpgSoils and spoils. mineralogy and geochemistry of mining and processing wastes from lead and zinc mining at the Gratz Mine, Owen County, Kentucky.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg14916https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/0ada0022-78fc-4a18-8304-bc27b2df3875/download7b6f31ad81d01af9f5acdc97850ef53cMD5411323/9178oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/91782024-09-17 14:23:20.955https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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