Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing
While hypoplastic models have demonstrated accurate predictions of sand behavior under monotonic loading, their accuracy diminishes when applied to cyclic loading conditions. To address this limitation, the intergranular strain approach is used as an extension to the model. The current investigation...
- Autores:
-
Lascarro, C.
Tafili, M.
Fuentes, W.
Duque, J.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13518
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13518
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Constitutive modeling
Cyclic loading
Hypoplasticity
Intergranular strain
Sand
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| title |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| spellingShingle |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing Constitutive modeling Cyclic loading Hypoplasticity Intergranular strain Sand |
| title_short |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| title_full |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| title_fullStr |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| title_sort |
Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Lascarro, C. Tafili, M. Fuentes, W. Duque, J. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Lascarro, C. Tafili, M. Fuentes, W. Duque, J. |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Constitutive modeling Cyclic loading Hypoplasticity Intergranular strain Sand |
| topic |
Constitutive modeling Cyclic loading Hypoplasticity Intergranular strain Sand |
| description |
While hypoplastic models have demonstrated accurate predictions of sand behavior under monotonic loading, their accuracy diminishes when applied to cyclic loading conditions. To address this limitation, the intergranular strain approach is used as an extension to the model. The current investigation focuses on the analysis of two variants: the original Intergranular Strain (IS) approach proposed by Niemunis and Herle (1997) and the Intergranular Strain Anisotropy (ISA) by Fuentes et al. (2019). Although both models have the same objective, they present distinct mathematical structures and therefore different repercussions on the simulations. In this study, sand Hypoplasticity is enhanced with IS and ISA, and employed to simulate a series of experimental tests conducted on Fontainebleau sand. These tests encompass isotropic compression, drained monotonic triaxial, and undrained cyclic triaxial tests, while considering different initial densities and test characteristics. Furthermore, the calibrated models were applied to simulate a series of centrifuge tests, involving a pile embedded in the same sand, which is subjected to various episodes of monotonic and cyclic lateral loading. A comparison and discussion of the similarities and differences in elemental and finite element predictions, arising from the two intergranular strain formulations is presented. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
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2024-10-24T12:30:14Z |
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2024-10-24T12:30:14Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-03-13 |
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Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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C. Lascarro, M. Tafili, W. Fuentes, J. Duque, Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 180, 2024, 108572, ISSN 0267-7261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108572. |
| dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv |
0267-7261 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13518 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108572 |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
1879-341X |
| dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
C. Lascarro, M. Tafili, W. Fuentes, J. Duque, Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 180, 2024, 108572, ISSN 0267-7261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108572. 0267-7261 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108572 1879-341X Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13518 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Mašín D. Modelling of soil behaviour with hypoplasticity: another approach to soil constitutive modelling Springer, Switzerland (2019) Mašín D. Clay hypoplasticity model including stiffness anisotropy Géotechnique, 64 (3) (2014), pp. 232-238 Tafili M., Triantafyllidis T. A simple hypoplastic model with loading surface accounting for viscous and fabric effects of clays Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 44 (16) (2020), pp. 2189-2215 Wichtmann T. Explicit accumulation model for non-cohesive soils under cyclic loading (Ph.D. thesis) Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany (2005) Fuentes W., Mašín D., Duque J. Constitutive model for monotonic and cyclic loading on anisotropic clays Géotechnique, 71 (8) (2021), pp. 657-673 Duque J, Mašín D, Fuentes W. Hypoplastic Model for Clays with Stiffness Anisotropy. In: Proceedings of IACMAG 2021: challenges and innovations in geomechanics. Turin, Italy; 2021, p. 414–21. Prada L. Paraelastic description of small-strain behaviour (Ph.D. thesis) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany (2011) Li Z., Kotronis P., Escoffier S., Tamagnini C. A hypoplastic macroelement for single vertical piles in sand subject to three-dimensional loading conditions Acta Geotech, 11 (2016), pp. 373-390 Mašín D., Duque J. Excavation of Komořany tunnel in sand: A case study Int J Geomech, 23 (8) (2023), Article 05023006 Mašín D. 3D modeling of an NATM tunnel in high K0 clay using two different constitutive models J Geotech Geoenviron Eng, 135 (9) (2009), pp. 1326-1335 Machaček J., Staubach P., Tafili M., Zachert H., Wichtmann T. Investigation of three sophisticated constitutive soil models: From numerical formulations to element tests and the analysis of vibratory pile driving tests Comput Geotech, 138 (2021), Article 104276 Ng W., Sun H., Lei G., Shi J., Mašín D. Ability of three different soil constitutive models to predict a tunnel’s response to basement excavation Can Geotech J, 52 (11) (2015), pp. 1685-1698 Li Z. Experimental and numerical study of deep foundations under seismic loading: vertical piles and inclined piles (Ph.D. thesis) Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France (2014) Duque J., Ochmański M., Mašín D., Hong Y., Wang L. On the behavior of monopiles subjected to multiple episodes of cyclic loading and reconsolidation in cohesive soils Comput Geotech, 134 (2021), Article 104049 Ochmański M., Mašín D., Duque J., Hong Y., Wang L. Performance of tripod foundations for offshore wind turbines: a numerical study Géotechn Lett, 11 (3) (2021), pp. 230-238 Niemunis A. Extended hypoplastic models for soils (Ph.D. thesis) Institute for Foundation Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany (2003) Fuentes W., Triantafyllidis T., Lizcano A. Hypoplastic model for sands with loading surface Acta Geotech, 7 (2012), pp. 177-192 Wichtmann T. Soil behaviour under cyclic loading: Experimental observations, constitutive description and applications Habilitation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (2016) Niemunis A., Herle I. Hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater, 2 (4) (1997), pp. 279-299 Duque J., Mašín D., Fuentes W. Improvement to the intergranular strain model for larger numbers of repetitive cycles Acta Geotech, 15 (2020), pp. 3593-3604 Duque J., Yang M., Fuentes W., Mašín D., Taiebat M. Characteristic limitations of advanced plasticity and hypoplasticity models for cyclic loading of sands Acta Geotech, 17 (2022), pp. 2235-2257 Wegener D., Herle I. Prediction of permanent soil deformations due to cyclic shearing with a hypoplastic constitutive model Geotechnik, 37 (2) (2014), pp. 113-122 Bode M., Fellin W., Mašín D., Medicus G., Ostermann A. An intergranular strain concept for material models formulated as rate equations Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 44 (7) (2020), pp. 1003-1018 Duque J., Tafili M., Seidalinov G., Mašín D., Fuentes W. Inspection of four advanced constitutive models for fine-grained soils under monotonic and cyclic loading Acta Geotech, 17 (10) (2022), pp. 4395-4418 Manzari M.T., El Ghoraiby M., Zeghal M., Kutter B.L., Arduino P., Barrero A.R., et al. LEAP-2017: Comparison of the Type-B numerical simulations with centrifuge test results Model tests and numerical simulations of liquefaction and lateral spreading: LEAP-UCD-2017, Springer (2020), pp. 187-218 Manzari M.T., El Ghoraiby M., Zeghal M., Kutter B.L., Arduino P., Barrero A.R., et al. LEAP-2017 simulation exercise: Calibration of constitutive models and simulation of the element tests Model tests and numerical simulations of liquefaction and lateral spreading: LEAP-UCD-2017, Springer (2020), pp. 165-185 Wegener D. Numerical investigation of permanent soil displacements due to dynamic loading (in German) (Ph.D. thesis) Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (2013) Poblete M., Fuentes W., Triantafyllidis T. On the simulation of multidimensional cyclic loading with intergranular strain Acta Geotech, 11 (6) (2016), pp. 1263-1285 Duque J., Tafili M., Mašín D. On the influence of cyclic preloadings on the liquefaction resistance of sands: A numerical study Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 172 (2023), Article 108025 Lascarro C., Ochoa-Cornejo F., Mercado V., Duque J. An extended hypoplastic model for sands with additions of highly plastic fines formulated under the ISA framework Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 176 (2024), Article 108348 Fuentes W. Contributions in mechanical modelling of fill materials (Ph.D. thesis) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany (2014) Fuentes W., Triantafyllidis T. ISA model: A constitutive model for soils with yield surface in the intergranular strain space Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 39 (11) (2015), pp. 1235-1254 Tafili M., Duque J., Mašín D., Wichtmann T. Repercussion of overshooting effects on elemental and finite-element simulations Int J Geomech, 24 (2024), p. 3 Fuentes W., Wichtmann T., Gil M., Lascarro C. ISA-Hypoplasticity accounting for cyclic mobility effects for liquefaction analysis Acta Geotech, 15 (2020), pp. 1513-1531 Wolffersdorff V. A hypoplastic relation for granular materials with a predefined limit state surface Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater, 1 (3) (1996), pp. 251-271 Andria I., Canou J., Dupla J. Caractérisation mécanique du sable de Fontainebleau NE34 à l’appareil triaxial sous cisaillement monotone Laboratoire Navier–Géotechnique. CERMES, ENG/LCPC (2010) Dang Q. Comportement des sols sous liquéfaction artificielle, amélioration des sols à risques liquéfiables (Ph.D. thesis) Université Paris-Est, France (2019) Rosquoët F. Pieux sous charge latérale cyclique (Ph.D. thesis) Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France (2004) Rosquoët F., Thorel L., Garnier J., Canepa J. Lateral cyclic loading of sand-installed piles Soils Found, 47 (5) (2007), pp. 821-832 osquoët F, Garnier J, Thorel L, Canepa Y. Horizontal cyclic loading of piles installed in sand: study of the pile head displacement and maximum bending moment. In: Proceedings of the international conference on cyclic behaviour of soils and liquefaction phenomena. Greece; 2004, p. 363–8. Pra-Ai S. Behaviour of soil-structure interfaces subjected to a large number of cycles. Application to piles (Ph.D. thesis) University of Grenoble, France (2013) Li Z., Escoffier S., Kotronis P. Using centrifuge tests data to identify the dynamic soil properties: Application to Fontainebleau sand Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 52 (2013), pp. 77-87 Bourgeois E., Rakotonindriana M., Kouby A., Mestat P., Serratrice J. Three-dimensional numerical modelling of the behaviour of a pile subjected to cyclic lateral loading Comput Geotech, 37 (7–8) (2010), pp. 999-1007 Wu J., Yin Z., Dano C., Hicher P. Cyclic volumetric strain accumulation for sand under drained simple shear condition Appl Ocean Res, 101 (2020), Article 102200 Wu Z., Dano C., Hicher P., Yin Z. Estimating normal effective stress degradation in sand under undrained simple shear condition Eur J Environ Civ Eng, 25 (1) (2021), pp. 170-189 Aghakouchak A., Sim W., Jardine R. Stress-path laboratory tests to characterise the cyclic behaviour of piles driven in sands Soils Found, 55 (5) (2015), pp. 917-928 Pra-Ai S., Boulon M. Soil–structure cyclic direct shear tests: a new interpretation of the direct shear experiment and its application to a series of cyclic tests Acta Geotech, 12 (2017), pp. 107-127 Yang Z., Jardine R., Zhu B., Foray P., Tsuha C. Sand grain crushing and interface shearing during displacement pile installation in sand Géotechnique, 60 (6) (2015), pp. 469-482 Tsuha C., Foray P., Jardine R., Yang Z., Siva M., Rimoy S. Behaviour of displacement piles in sand under cyclic axial loading Soils Found, 52 (3) (2012), pp. 393-410 Sim W., Aghakouchak A., Jardine R. Cyclic triaxial tests to aid offshore pile analysis and design Proc Inst Civ Eng, 166 (2) (2013), pp. 111-121 Gaudin C., Schnaid F., Garnier J. Sand characterization by combined centrifuge and laboratory tests Int J Phys Model Geotechn, 5 (1) (2005), pp. 42-56 Niemunis A. Incremental Driver, user’s manual University of Karlsruhe KIT, Germany (2008) Herle I., Gudehus G. Determination of parameters of a hypoplastic constitutive model from properties of grain assemblies Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater, 4 (5) (1999), pp. 461-486 Knittel L., Tafili M., Tavera C.G., Triantafyllidis T. New perspectives on preshearing history in granular soils Sci Rep, 13 (1) (2023), p. 4576 Yang Z., Liao D., Xu T. A hypoplastic model for granular soils incorporating anisotropic critical state theory Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 44 (6) (2020), pp. 723-748 Kutter B., Manzari M., Zeghal M. Model tests and numerical simulations of liquefaction and lateral spreading: LEAP-UCD-2017 Springer (2020) Lascarro C. Evaluation of the dynamic response of ISA-hypoplastic model in problems with repetitive loading (Ph.D. thesis) Universidad del Norte, Colombia (2023) Lascarro C. Evaluation of the dynamic response of ISA-hypoplastic model in problems with repetitive loading (Ph.D. thesis) Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia (2023) Gil M. An alternative p-y model for the simulation of large diameter offshore monopiles for wind turbines founded on granular soils under monotonic and cyclic loading Master Thesis University del Norte (2020) Theinat A.K. 3D numerical modelling of micropiles interaction with soil & rock Missouri University of Science and Technology (2015) Zhu B., Li T., Xiong G., Liu J.C. Centrifuge model tests on laterally loaded piles in sand Int J Phys Model Geotechn, 16 (4) (2016), pp. 160-172 Wang H., Wang L., Hong Y., Mašín D., Li W., He B., et al. Centrifuge testing on monotonic and cyclic lateral behavior of large-diameter slender piles in sand Ocean Eng, 226 (2021), Article 108299 Reese L.C., Van Impe W.F. Single piles and pile groups under lateral loading CRC Press (2000) Pradhan T., Tatsuoka F., Sato Y. Experimental stress-dilatancy relations of sand subjected to cyclic loading Soils Found, 29 (1) (1989), pp. 45-64 Pradhan T., Tatsuoka F., Mohri Y., Sato Y. An automated triaxial testing system using a simple triaxial cell for soils Soils Found, 29 (1) (1989), pp. 151-160 Al Tarhouni M.A., Hawlader B. Drained cyclic behaviour and state-dependent stress–dilatancy relationship of sand in direct simple shear tests Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 168 (2023), Article 107801 |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)© 2024https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Lascarro, C.Tafili, M.Fuentes, W.Duque, J.2024-10-24T12:30:14Z2024-10-24T12:30:14Z2024-03-13C. Lascarro, M. Tafili, W. Fuentes, J. Duque, Comparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Volume 180, 2024, 108572, ISSN 0267-7261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108572.0267-7261https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1351810.1016/j.soildyn.2024.1085721879-341XCorporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/While hypoplastic models have demonstrated accurate predictions of sand behavior under monotonic loading, their accuracy diminishes when applied to cyclic loading conditions. To address this limitation, the intergranular strain approach is used as an extension to the model. The current investigation focuses on the analysis of two variants: the original Intergranular Strain (IS) approach proposed by Niemunis and Herle (1997) and the Intergranular Strain Anisotropy (ISA) by Fuentes et al. (2019). Although both models have the same objective, they present distinct mathematical structures and therefore different repercussions on the simulations. In this study, sand Hypoplasticity is enhanced with IS and ISA, and employed to simulate a series of experimental tests conducted on Fontainebleau sand. These tests encompass isotropic compression, drained monotonic triaxial, and undrained cyclic triaxial tests, while considering different initial densities and test characteristics. Furthermore, the calibrated models were applied to simulate a series of centrifuge tests, involving a pile embedded in the same sand, which is subjected to various episodes of monotonic and cyclic lateral loading. A comparison and discussion of the similarities and differences in elemental and finite element predictions, arising from the two intergranular strain formulations is presented.16 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier B.V.United Kingdomhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0267726124001246?pes=vor&utm_source=scopus&getft_integrator=scopusComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testingArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Soil Dynamics and Earthquake EngineeringMašín D. Modelling of soil behaviour with hypoplasticity: another approach to soil constitutive modelling Springer, Switzerland (2019)Mašín D. Clay hypoplasticity model including stiffness anisotropy Géotechnique, 64 (3) (2014), pp. 232-238Tafili M., Triantafyllidis T. A simple hypoplastic model with loading surface accounting for viscous and fabric effects of clays Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, 44 (16) (2020), pp. 2189-2215Wichtmann T. Explicit accumulation model for non-cohesive soils under cyclic loading (Ph.D. thesis) Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany (2005)Fuentes W., Mašín D., Duque J. Constitutive model for monotonic and cyclic loading on anisotropic clays Géotechnique, 71 (8) (2021), pp. 657-673Duque J, Mašín D, Fuentes W. Hypoplastic Model for Clays with Stiffness Anisotropy. In: Proceedings of IACMAG 2021: challenges and innovations in geomechanics. Turin, Italy; 2021, p. 414–21.Prada L. Paraelastic description of small-strain behaviour (Ph.D. thesis) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany (2011)Li Z., Kotronis P., Escoffier S., Tamagnini C. A hypoplastic macroelement for single vertical piles in sand subject to three-dimensional loading conditions Acta Geotech, 11 (2016), pp. 373-390Mašín D., Duque J. Excavation of Komořany tunnel in sand: A case study Int J Geomech, 23 (8) (2023), Article 05023006Mašín D. 3D modeling of an NATM tunnel in high K0 clay using two different constitutive models J Geotech Geoenviron Eng, 135 (9) (2009), pp. 1326-1335Machaček J., Staubach P., Tafili M., Zachert H., Wichtmann T. Investigation of three sophisticated constitutive soil models: From numerical formulations to element tests and the analysis of vibratory pile driving tests Comput Geotech, 138 (2021), Article 104276Ng W., Sun H., Lei G., Shi J., Mašín D. Ability of three different soil constitutive models to predict a tunnel’s response to basement excavation Can Geotech J, 52 (11) (2015), pp. 1685-1698Li Z. Experimental and numerical study of deep foundations under seismic loading: vertical piles and inclined piles (Ph.D. thesis) Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France (2014)Duque J., Ochmański M., Mašín D., Hong Y., Wang L. On the behavior of monopiles subjected to multiple episodes of cyclic loading and reconsolidation in cohesive soils Comput Geotech, 134 (2021), Article 104049Ochmański M., Mašín D., Duque J., Hong Y., Wang L. Performance of tripod foundations for offshore wind turbines: a numerical study Géotechn Lett, 11 (3) (2021), pp. 230-238Niemunis A. Extended hypoplastic models for soils (Ph.D. thesis) Institute for Foundation Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany (2003)Fuentes W., Triantafyllidis T., Lizcano A. Hypoplastic model for sands with loading surface Acta Geotech, 7 (2012), pp. 177-192Wichtmann T. Soil behaviour under cyclic loading: Experimental observations, constitutive description and applications Habilitation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (2016)Niemunis A., Herle I. Hypoplastic model for cohesionless soils with elastic strain range Mech Cohesive-Frict Mater, 2 (4) (1997), pp. 279-299Duque J., Mašín D., Fuentes W. Improvement to the intergranular strain model for larger numbers of repetitive cycles Acta Geotech, 15 (2020), pp. 3593-3604Duque J., Yang M., Fuentes W., Mašín D., Taiebat M. Characteristic limitations of advanced plasticity and hypoplasticity models for cyclic loading of sands Acta Geotech, 17 (2022), pp. 2235-2257Wegener D., Herle I. Prediction of permanent soil deformations due to cyclic shearing with a hypoplastic constitutive model Geotechnik, 37 (2) (2014), pp. 113-122Bode M., Fellin W., Mašín D., Medicus G., Ostermann A. 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Drained cyclic behaviour and state-dependent stress–dilatancy relationship of sand in direct simple shear tests Soil Dyn Earthq Eng, 168 (2023), Article 107801161108572180Constitutive modelingCyclic loadingHypoplasticityIntergranular strainSandPublicationORIGINALComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdfComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdfapplication/pdf3782033https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/ce19050b-8bfe-4541-9b67-ad499178baf1/download95b173c87848a2741f7a4629819f2d2cMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a42ca41b-cb40-4b1f-be77-5b25a92f15d0/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdf.txtComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain79109https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bca53e02-e0d6-49a1-bae6-7ecc3595b5e8/download95150a69ed91fed0ff0109db45cdbe4cMD53THUMBNAILComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdf.jpgComparative analysis of two intergranular strain-based hypoplastic models through elemental and centrifuge testing.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15259https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a38975dc-01e2-4a50-8f92-9447dc4507ff/download8537b827e052969ae35c4bc15f153d9dMD5411323/13518oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/135182024-10-25 03:01:16.518https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/© 2024open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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