Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Preventio...
- Autores:
-
Fitzmaurice, C.
Abate, D.
Abbasi, N.
Abbastabar, H.
Abd-Allah, Foad
Abdel-Rahman, O.
Abdelalim, Ahmed
Abdoli, A.
Abdollahpour, I.
Abdulle, A.S.M.
Abebe, N.D.
Abraha, H.N.
Abu-Raddad, L.J.
Abualhasan, A.
Adedeji, I.A.
Advani, S.M.
Afarideh, M.
Afshari, M.
Aghaali, M.
Agius, D.
Agrawal, S.
Ahmadi, A.
Ahmadian, E.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/7337
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7337
http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- age distribution
Article
bladder cancer
breast cancer
bronchus cancer
cancer incidence
cancer mortality
cancer risk
cause of death
colorectal cancer
disability-adjusted life year
disease burden
educational status
fertility
geographic distribution
global disease burden
human
income
liver cancer
lung cancer
non melanoma skin cancer
nonhodgkin lymphoma
prostate cancer
risk factor
sex difference
stomach cancer
systematic review
trachea cancer
uterine cervix cancer
years lived with disability
years of life lost
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
title |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
spellingShingle |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study age distribution Article bladder cancer breast cancer bronchus cancer cancer incidence cancer mortality cancer risk cause of death colorectal cancer disability-adjusted life year disease burden educational status fertility geographic distribution global disease burden human income liver cancer lung cancer non melanoma skin cancer nonhodgkin lymphoma prostate cancer risk factor sex difference stomach cancer systematic review trachea cancer uterine cervix cancer years lived with disability years of life lost |
title_short |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
title_full |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
title_fullStr |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
title_sort |
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, Foad Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, Foad Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, Ahmed Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
age distribution Article bladder cancer breast cancer bronchus cancer cancer incidence cancer mortality cancer risk cause of death colorectal cancer disability-adjusted life year disease burden educational status fertility geographic distribution global disease burden human income liver cancer lung cancer non melanoma skin cancer nonhodgkin lymphoma prostate cancer risk factor sex difference stomach cancer systematic review trachea cancer uterine cervix cancer years lived with disability years of life lost |
topic |
age distribution Article bladder cancer breast cancer bronchus cancer cancer incidence cancer mortality cancer risk cause of death colorectal cancer disability-adjusted life year disease burden educational status fertility geographic distribution global disease burden human income liver cancer lung cancer non melanoma skin cancer nonhodgkin lymphoma prostate cancer risk factor sex difference stomach cancer systematic review trachea cancer uterine cervix cancer years lived with disability years of life lost |
description |
Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-11-18T15:58:36Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-11-18T15:58:36Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
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acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7337 |
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7337 http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
United Nations General Assembly. Political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Published October 17, 2018. Accessed February 6, 2019. http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/73/2 (2019) 2011 High Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases United Nations.Published September 16, 2011. Accessed September 3 http://www.un.org/en/ga/ncdmeeting2011/ Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2020. World Health Organization. Published 2013. Accessed September 3, 2019. http://www.who.int/nmh/events/ncd_action_plan/en/ (2016) Sustainable Development Goals: Knowledge Platform. United Nations. Published January. Accessed September 1, 2016 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ Fitzmaurice C, Akinyemiju TF, Al Lami FH, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(11):1553-1568. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018. 2706 Dicker D, Nguyen G, Abate D, et al; GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1684-1735. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (18)31891-9 James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-1858. doi:10. 1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7 Kyu HH, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1859-1922. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (18)32335-3 Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736- 1788. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7 Foreman KJ, Lozano R, Lopez AD, Murray CJ. Modeling causes of death: an integrated approach using CODEm. Popul Health Metr. 2012;10:1. doi:10. 1186/1478-7954-10-1 Jensen OM, Estève J, Møller H, Renard H. Cancer in the European Community and its member states. Eur J Cancer. 1990;26(11-12):1167-1256. doi: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90278-2 Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-E386. doi:10.1002/ ijc.29210 Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Baber RM, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(4): 524-548. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688 Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D, Pain A, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. The global burden of cancer 2013.JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(4): 505-527. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735 Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424. doi:10.3322/ caac.21492 Truven Health Analytics. United States MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database. Ann Arbor, MI. https://truvenhealth.com/ your-healthcare-focus/government/analyticresearch/marketscan. Accessed September 10, 2019 Jan S, Laba T-L, Essue BM, et al. Action to address the household economic burden of non-communicable diseases. Lancet. 2018;391 (10134):2047-2058. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18) 30323-4 Niessen LW, Mohan D, Akuoku JK, et al. Tackling socioeconomic inequalities and non-communicable diseases in low-income and middle-income countries under the Sustainable Development agenda. Lancet. 2018;391(10134): 2036-2046. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30482-3 World Health Organization. WHO director-general calls for all countries to take action to help end the suffering caused by cervical cancer. https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/call-toaction-elimination-cervical-cancer/en/. Published May 19, 2018. Accessed September 3, 2019. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(1):7-34. doi:10. 3322/caac.21551 |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
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Fitzmaurice, C.Abate, D.Abbasi, N.Abbastabar, H.Abd-Allah, FoadAbdel-Rahman, O.Abdelalim, AhmedAbdoli, A.Abdollahpour, I.Abdulle, A.S.M.Abebe, N.D.Abraha, H.N.Abu-Raddad, L.J.Abualhasan, A.Adedeji, I.A.Advani, S.M.Afarideh, M.Afshari, M.Aghaali, M.Agius, D.Agrawal, S.Ahmadi, A.Ahmadian, E.2020-11-18T15:58:36Z2020-11-18T15:58:36Z2019https://hdl.handle.net/11323/7337http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Fitzmaurice, C.Abate, D.Abbasi, N.Abbastabar, H.Abd-Allah, FoadAbdel-Rahman, O.Abdelalim, AhmedAbdoli, A.Abdollahpour, I.Abdulle, A.S.M.Abebe, N.D.Abraha, H.N.Abu-Raddad, L.J.Abualhasan, A.Adedeji, I.A.Advani, S.M.Afarideh, M.Afshari, M.Aghaali, M.Agius, D.Agrawal, S.Ahmadi, A.Ahmadian, E.application/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2JAMA Oncologyhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2752381age distributionArticlebladder cancerbreast cancerbronchus cancercancer incidencecancer mortalitycancer riskcause of deathcolorectal cancerdisability-adjusted life yeardisease burdeneducational statusfertilitygeographic distributionglobal disease burdenhumanincomeliver cancerlung cancernon melanoma skin cancernonhodgkin lymphomaprostate cancerrisk factorsex differencestomach cancersystematic reviewtrachea canceruterine cervix canceryears lived with disabilityyears of life lostGlobal, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease studyArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionUnited Nations General Assembly. Political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. Published October 17, 2018. Accessed February 6, 2019. http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/73/2(2019) 2011 High Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases United Nations.Published September 16, 2011. Accessed September 3 http://www.un.org/en/ga/ncdmeeting2011/Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2020. World Health Organization. Published 2013. Accessed September 3, 2019. http://www.who.int/nmh/events/ncd_action_plan/en/(2016) Sustainable Development Goals: Knowledge Platform. United Nations. Published January. Accessed September 1, 2016 https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/Fitzmaurice C, Akinyemiju TF, Al Lami FH, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(11):1553-1568. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018. 2706Dicker D, Nguyen G, Abate D, et al; GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1684-1735. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (18)31891-9James SL, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789-1858. doi:10. 1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7Kyu HH, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1859-1922. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 (18)32335-3Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, et al; GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736- 1788. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7Foreman KJ, Lozano R, Lopez AD, Murray CJ. Modeling causes of death: an integrated approach using CODEm. Popul Health Metr. 2012;10:1. doi:10. 1186/1478-7954-10-1Jensen OM, Estève J, Møller H, Renard H. Cancer in the European Community and its member states. Eur J Cancer. 1990;26(11-12):1167-1256. doi: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90278-2Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359-E386. doi:10.1002/ ijc.29210Fitzmaurice C, Allen C, Baber RM, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(4): 524-548. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.5688Fitzmaurice C, Dicker D, Pain A, et al; Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration. The global burden of cancer 2013.JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(4): 505-527. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.0735Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. 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