Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain

This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on technology in the humanitarian supply chain. The methodology includes performance analysis and science mapping to explore the application of technologies in humanitarian supply chains. This paper contributes to the literature by examining th...

Full description

Autores:
Argumedo-García, Mauricio
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Acevedo-Chedid, Jaime
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10751
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10751
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
Palabra clave:
Digital technologies
Disaster prevention
Humanitarian logistics
Humanitarian supply chain
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_490430bb7c862f738983e45ca1a31183
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10751
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
title Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
spellingShingle Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
Digital technologies
Disaster prevention
Humanitarian logistics
Humanitarian supply chain
title_short Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
title_full Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
title_fullStr Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
title_full_unstemmed Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
title_sort Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Argumedo-García, Mauricio
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Acevedo-Chedid, Jaime
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Argumedo-García, Mauricio
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Acevedo-Chedid, Jaime
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Digital technologies
Disaster prevention
Humanitarian logistics
Humanitarian supply chain
topic Digital technologies
Disaster prevention
Humanitarian logistics
Humanitarian supply chain
description This study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on technology in the humanitarian supply chain. The methodology includes performance analysis and science mapping to explore the application of technologies in humanitarian supply chains. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the most influential authors, trends, journals, countries, institutions, and the recent humanitarian supply chain collaboration. The information presented in this research was obtained with the Scopus database. The study identified 342 documents after applying filters to screen for duplicates and manuscripts unrelated to the topic. The articles were analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer. The research provides an overview of state of the art showing a high collaboration between the authors Ramesh A. and Kabra C, and the most relevant institutions were the Griffith Business School and the Delft University of Technology. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management and Journal of Disaster Research were the most productive journals. The terms analysis shows that “disasters”, “disaster prevention”, “humanitarian logistics”, and “human” are the most used keywords. The study identifies future research lines related to the interaction between critical technologies to deliver real benefits to the humanitarian supply chain. As a result, it proposes integrating the significant contributions of new technologies, such as blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, virtual and augmented reality, and the social media relief phase following the disaster. It also indicates gaps in knowledge in terms of research related to human-made disasters and health emergencies.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-20T19:47:32Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-20T19:47:32Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Argumedo-García, M.; Salas-Navarro, K.; Acevedo-Chedid, J.; Ospina-Mateus, H. Bibliometric Analysis of the Potential of Technologies in the Humanitarian Supply Chain. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 232. https:// doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040232
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 2199-8531
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10751
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/joitmc7040232
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
identifier_str_mv Argumedo-García, M.; Salas-Navarro, K.; Acevedo-Chedid, J.; Ospina-Mateus, H. Bibliometric Analysis of the Potential of Technologies in the Humanitarian Supply Chain. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 232. https:// doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040232
2199-8531
10.3390/joitmc7040232
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10751
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Tague-Sutcliffe, J. An introduction to informetrics. Inf. Process. Manag. 1992, 28, 1–3. [CrossRef]
2. Ospina-Mateus, H.; Quintana, L.; Lopez-Valdes, F.J.; Salas-Navarro, K. Bibliometric analysis in motorcycle accident research: A global overview. Scientometrics 2019, 121, 793–815. [CrossRef]
3. Wagner, C.S.; Roessner, J.D.; Bobb, K.; Klein, J.T.; Boyack, K.W.; Keyton, J.; Rafols, I.; Börner, K. Approaches to understanding and measuring interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR): A review of the literature. J. Informetr. 2011, 5, 14–26. [CrossRef]
4. Hannah, R.; Max, R. Natural Disasters. Available online: https://ourworldindata.org/natural-disasters (accessed on 18 December 2020).
5. Dubey, R.; Altay, N.; Blome, C. Swift trust and commitment: The missing links for humanitarian supply chain coordination? Ann. Oper. Res. 2019, 283, 159–177. [CrossRef]
6. Abidi, H.; de Leeuw, S.; Klumpp, M. Measuring success in humanitarian supply chains. Int. J. Bus. Manag. Invent. 2013, 2, 31–39.
7. Leiras, A.; de Brito, I., Jr.; Peres, Q.; Bertazzo, R.; Yoshizaki, Y. Literature review of humanitarian logistics research: Trends and challenges. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2014, 4, 95–130. [CrossRef]
8. Betts, A.; Bloom, L. Humanitarian Innovation: The State of the Art; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA): New York, NY, USA, 2014.
9. Kruse, D.J.; Goeldner, M.; Eling, K.; Herstatt, C. Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: How to Search for Bottom-up Social Innovations that Solve Complex Humanitarian Problems. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2019, 36, 671–694. [CrossRef]
10. Gupta, S.; Altay, N.; Luo, Z. Big data in humanitarian supply chain management: A review and further research directions. Ann. Oper. Res. 2019, 283, 1153–1173. [CrossRef]
11. Sharma, R.; Yeasin, M.; Krahnstoever, N.; Rauschert, I.; Cai, G.; Brewer, I.; MacEachren, A.M.; Sengupta, K. Speech-gesture driven multimodal interfaces for crisis management. Proc. IEEE 2003, 91, 1327–1354. [CrossRef]
12. Gill, G.S. When all else fails: Amateur radio becomes lifeline of communications during a disaster. Int. J. Emerg. Serv. 2019, 9, 109–121. [CrossRef]
13. Yun, J.J.; Kim, D.; Yan, M.-R. Open innovation engineering—Preliminary study on new entrance of technology to market. Electronics 2020, 9, 791. [CrossRef]
14. Melo, P.N.; Martins, A.; Pereira, M. The Relationship between Leadership and Accountability: A Review and Synthesis of the Research. J. Entrep. Educ. 2020, 23. Available online: http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3251 (accessed on 16 November 2021).
15. Zhu, W.; Wang, Z. The collaborative networks and thematic trends of research on purchasing and supply management for environmental sustainability: A bibliometric review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1510. [CrossRef]
16. Reyes, J.; Solano-Charris, E.; Montoya-Torres, J. The storage location assignment problem: A literature review. Int. J. Ind. Eng. Comput. 2019, 10, 199–224. [CrossRef]
17. Meza-Peralta, K.; Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Montoya-Torres, J.R.; Khodadad-Saryazdi, A. A unified typology of urban logistics spaces as interfaces for freight transport: A Systematic Literature Review. In Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal; Taylor & Francis: Oxfordshire, UK, 2020; pp. 274–289.
18. Aria, M.; Cuccurullo, C. bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J. Informetr. 2017, 11, 959–975. [CrossRef]
19. Centobelli, P.; Cerchione, R.; Esposito, E.; Oropallo, E. Surfing blockchain wave, or drowning? Shaping the future of distributed ledgers and decentralized technologies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2021, 165, 120463. [CrossRef]
20. Van Nunen, K.; Li, J.; Reniers, G.; Ponnet, K. Bibliometric analysis of safety culture research. Saf. Sci. 2018, 108, 248–258. [CrossRef]
21. Liu, X.; Zhan, F.B.; Hong, S.; Niu, B.; Liu, Y. A bibliometric study of earthquake research: 1900–2010. Scientometrics 2012, 92, 747–765. [CrossRef]
22. Noyons, E.C.; Moed, H.F.; Luwel, M. Combining mapping and citation analysis for evaluative bibliometric purposes: A bibliometric study. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 1999, 50, 115–131. [CrossRef]
23. Zemigala, M. Tendencies in research on sustainable development in management sciences. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 218, 796–809. [CrossRef]
24. Bensalem, A.; Kin, V. A bibliometric analysis of reverse logistics from 1992 to 2017. Supply Chain Forum Int. J. 2019, 20, 15–28. [CrossRef]
25. Small, H. Visualizing science by citation mapping. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 1999, 50, 799–813. [CrossRef]
26. Wang, B.; Pan, S.-Y.; Ke, R.-Y.; Wang, K.; Wei, Y.-M. An overview of climate change vulnerability: A bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science database. Nat. Hazards 2014, 74, 1649–1666. [CrossRef]
27. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A.; Akhtar, P.; Dash, M.K. Understanding behavioural intention to use information technology: Insights from humanitarian practitioners. Telemat. Inform. 2017, 34, 1250–1261. [CrossRef]
28. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. An empirical investigation of the enablers in humanitarian supply chain management in India: A case study. J. Adv. Manag. Res. 2015, 12, 30–42. [CrossRef]
29. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. Information technology, mutual trust, flexibility, agility, adaptability: Understanding their linkages and impact on humanitarian supply chain management performance. Risk Hazards Crisis Public Policy 2016, 7, 79–103. [CrossRef]
30. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. Exploring the challenges in implementation of information technology in humanitarian relief organisations in India: A qualitative study. In Managing Humanitarian Logistics; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016; pp. 105–113.
31. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. An analysis of the interactions among the enablers of information communication technology in humanitarian supply chain management: A fuzzy-based relationship modelling approach. In Handbook of Research on Intelligent Techniques and Modeling Applications in Marketing Analytics; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2017; pp. 62–73.
32. Tatham, P.; Ball, C.M.; Wu, Y.; Diplas, P. Using long endurance remotely piloted aircraft systems to support humanitarian logistic operations: A case study of cyclone winston. In Smart Technologies for Emergency Response and Disaster Management; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2018; pp. 264–278.
33. Tatham, P.; Neal, C.; Wu, Y. Hybrid cargo airships: A humanitarian logistic game changer? J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 102–125. [CrossRef]
34. Tatham, P.; Ball, C.; Wu, Y.; Diplas, P. Long-endurance remotely piloted aircraft systems (LE-RPAS) support for humanitarian logistic operations: The current position and the proposed way ahead. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 2–25. [CrossRef]
35. Tatham, P.; Loy, J.; Peretti, U. Three dimensional printing—A key tool for the humanitarian logistician? J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2015, 5, 188–208. [CrossRef]
36. Tatham, P.; Stadler, F.; Murray, A.; Shaban, R.Z. Flying maggots: A smart logistic solution to an enduring medical challenge. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 172–193. [CrossRef]
37. WIPo. Global Innovation Index (GII). Available online: https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/es/2019/#:~{}:text= de%20redes%20sociales,Clasificaci%C3%B3n,del%20%C3%8Dndice%20Mundial%20de%20Innovaci%C3%B3n (accessed on 1 December 2020).
38. Whipple, E.C.; Dixon, B.E.; McGowan, J.J. Linking health information technology to patient safety and quality outcomes: A bibliometric analysis and review. Inform. Health Soc. Care 2013, 38, 1–14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
39. Richards, P.B. Space technology contributions to emergency and disaster management. Adv. Earth Oriented Appl. Space Techn. 1982, 1, 215–221.
40. Ghallab, M.; Nau, D.; Traverso, P. Automated Planning: Theory and Practice; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2004.
41. Caunhye, A.M.; Nie, X.; Pokharel, S. Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. 2012, 46, 4–13. [CrossRef]
42. Duran, S.; Gutierrez, M.A.; Keskinocak, P. Pre-positioning of emergency items for CARE international. Interfaces 2011, 41, 223–237. [CrossRef]
43. Özdamar, L.; Ertem, M.A. Models, solutions and enabling technologies in humanitarian logistics. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2015, 244, 55–65. [CrossRef]
44. Maon, F.; Lindgreen, A.; Vanhamme, J. Developing supply chains in disaster relief operations through cross-sector socially oriented collaborations: A theoretical model. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2009, 14, 149–164. [CrossRef]
45. Soosay, C.A.; Hyland, P. A decade of supply chain collaboration and directions for future research. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2015, 20, 613–630. [CrossRef]
46. Mendonca, D.; Beroggi, G.E.; Van Gent, D.; Wallace, W.A. Designing gaming simulations for the assessment of group decision support systems in emergency response. Saf. Sci. 2006, 44, 523–535. [CrossRef]
47. Ergun, Ö.; Gui, L.; Heier Stamm, J.L.; Keskinocak, P.; Swann, J. Improving humanitarian operations through technology-enabled collaboration. Prod. Oper. Manag. 2014, 23, 1002–1014. [CrossRef]
48. Yang, H.; Yang, L.; Yang, S.-H. Hybrid Zigbee RFID sensor network for humanitarian logistics centre management. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 2011, 34, 938–948. [CrossRef]
49. Kovács, G.; Spens, K.M. Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 2007, 37, 99–114. [CrossRef]
50. Balcik, B.; Beamon, B.M.; Krejci, C.C.; Muramatsu, K.M.; Ramirez, M. Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2010, 126, 22–34. [CrossRef]
51. Abidi, H.; De Leeuw, S.; Klumpp, M. Humanitarian supply chain performance management: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2014, 19, 592–608. [CrossRef]
52. Kovács, G.; Spens, K. Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 2009, 39, 506–528. [CrossRef]
53. Van Wassenhove, L.N. Humanitarian aid logistics: Supply chain management in high gear. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 2006, 57, 475–489. [CrossRef]
54. Chingono, T.; Mbohwa, C. Information Technologies for Humanitarian logistics and supply Chain Management in Zimbabwe. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8–10 March 2016; pp. 1038–1046.
55. Setiabudi, D.H.; Wydiadana, I.G.A. Humanitarian Logistics Information System for Natural Disaster: A Case Study on East Java, under the Coordination of Indonesian Red Cross. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Communications, Singapore, 16–18 August 2019; pp. 86–92.
56. Geumpana, T.A.; Rabhi, F.; Lewis, J.; Ray, P.K.; Zhu, L. Mobile cloud computing for disaster emergency operation: A systematic review. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), Dublin, Ireland, 11–12 November 2015; pp. 1–8.
57. Abushaikha, I.; Schumann-Bölsche, D. Mobile phones: Established technologies for innovative humanitarian logistics concepts. Procedia Eng. 2016, 159, 191–198. [CrossRef]
58. Ma, Y.; Zhang, H. Enhancing knowledge management and decision-making capability of China’s emergency operations center using big data. Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. 2017, 24, 107–114. [CrossRef]
59. Li, W.-S.; Chen, K.-H.; Chang, C.-L.; Lee, Y. Initial Use of Big Data and Open Data on Disaster Risk Management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, Kyiv, Ukraine, 9–10 October 2017; pp. 19–24.
60. Nagendra, N.P.; Narayanamurthy, G.; Moser, R. Management of humanitarian relief operations using satellite big data analytics: The case of Kerala floods. Ann. Oper. Res. 2020, 1–26. [CrossRef]
61. Baffoe, B.O.K.; Luo, W. Humanitarian Relief Sustainability: A Framework of Humanitarian Logistics Digital Business Ecosystem. Transp. Res. Procedia 2020, 48, 363–387. [CrossRef]
62. Dubey, R.; Gunasekaran, A.; Bryde, D.J.; Dwivedi, Y.K.; Papadopoulos, T. Blockchain technology for enhancing swift-trust, collaboration and resilience within a humanitarian supply chain setting. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2020, 58, 3381–3398. [CrossRef]
63. See, Z.S.; Blundell, D.; Thwaites, H. Virtual reality 360 content preservation for disaster relief. In Proceedings of the 2017 Pacific Neighborhood Consortium Annual Conference and Joint Meetings (PNC), Tainan, Taiwan, 7–9 November 2017; pp. 174–179.
64. Rodríguez-Espíndola, O.; Chowdhury, S.; Beltagui, A.; Albores, P. The potential of emergent disruptive technologies for humanitarian supply chains: The integration of blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and 3D printing. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2020, 58, 4610–4630. [CrossRef]
65. Zhao, M.; Liu, X. Development of decision support tool for optimizing urban emergency rescue facility locations to improve humanitarian logistics management. Saf. Sci. 2018, 102, 110–117. [CrossRef]
66. Fraga-Lamas, P.; Fernández-Caramés, T.M. Leveraging Blockchain for Sustainability and Open Innovation: A Cyber-Resilient Approach toward EU Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals. In Computer Security Threats; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2020.
67. Hrastinski, S.; Kviselius, N.Z.; Ozan, H.; Edenius, M. A review of technologies for open innovation: Characteristics and future trends. In Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, HI, USA, 5–8 January 2010; pp. 1–10.
68. Baharmand, H.; Comes, T. Leveraging partnerships with logistics service providers in humanitarian supply chains by blockchainbased smart contracts. IFAC-Pap. Online 2019, 52, 12–17. [CrossRef]
69. Papadopoulos, T.; Gunasekaran, A.; Dubey, R.; Altay, N.; Childe, S.J.; Fosso-Wamba, S. The role of Big Data in explaining disaster resilience in supply chains for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142, 1108–1118. [CrossRef]
70. Sahebjamnia, N.; Torabi, S.A.; Mansouri, S.A. A hybrid decision support system for managing humanitarian relief chains. Decis. Support Syst. 2017, 95, 12–26. [CrossRef]
71. Kroon, N.; Alves, M.d.C.; Martins, I. The Impacts of Emerging Technologies on Accountants’ Role and Skills: Connecting to Open Innovation—A Systematic Literature Review. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 163. [CrossRef]
72. Dudnik, O.; Vasiljeva, M.; Kuznetsov, N.; Podzorova, M.; Nikolaeva, I.; Vatutina, L.; Khomenko, E.; Ivleva, M. Trends, Impacts, and Prospects for Implementing Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Energy Industry: The Implication of Open Innovation. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 155. [CrossRef]
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 22
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 4
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 7
dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 22 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Switzerland
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122023083&doi=10.3390%2fjoitmc7040232&origin=inward&txGid=0901c1fc3e7367d58c58bfc6b013d7a9
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3cb6a354-7743-4a51-a70c-8e1dc0058202/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e56b2d45-5221-4d4c-8075-9bb05f6e71ae/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/97d451e0-9979-47eb-9a58-bc974a8f281e/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 48373beeefaede2aca484ae1812ed9bb
2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a
5a9030baf9fc124b128e243011e53734
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760779297292288
spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Argumedo-García, MauricioSalas-Navarro, KatherinneAcevedo-Chedid, JaimeOspina-Mateus, Holman2024-02-20T19:47:32Z2024-02-20T19:47:32Z2022Argumedo-García, M.; Salas-Navarro, K.; Acevedo-Chedid, J.; Ospina-Mateus, H. Bibliometric Analysis of the Potential of Technologies in the Humanitarian Supply Chain. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 232. https:// doi.org/10.3390/joitmc70402322199-8531https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1075110.3390/joitmc7040232Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coThis study presents a bibliometric analysis of research on technology in the humanitarian supply chain. The methodology includes performance analysis and science mapping to explore the application of technologies in humanitarian supply chains. This paper contributes to the literature by examining the most influential authors, trends, journals, countries, institutions, and the recent humanitarian supply chain collaboration. The information presented in this research was obtained with the Scopus database. The study identified 342 documents after applying filters to screen for duplicates and manuscripts unrelated to the topic. The articles were analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer. The research provides an overview of state of the art showing a high collaboration between the authors Ramesh A. and Kabra C, and the most relevant institutions were the Griffith Business School and the Delft University of Technology. Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management and Journal of Disaster Research were the most productive journals. The terms analysis shows that “disasters”, “disaster prevention”, “humanitarian logistics”, and “human” are the most used keywords. The study identifies future research lines related to the interaction between critical technologies to deliver real benefits to the humanitarian supply chain. As a result, it proposes integrating the significant contributions of new technologies, such as blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, virtual and augmented reality, and the social media relief phase following the disaster. It also indicates gaps in knowledge in terms of research related to human-made disasters and health emergencies.22 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122023083&doi=10.3390%2fjoitmc7040232&origin=inward&txGid=0901c1fc3e7367d58c58bfc6b013d7a9Bibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply ChainArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity1. Tague-Sutcliffe, J. An introduction to informetrics. Inf. Process. Manag. 1992, 28, 1–3. [CrossRef]2. Ospina-Mateus, H.; Quintana, L.; Lopez-Valdes, F.J.; Salas-Navarro, K. Bibliometric analysis in motorcycle accident research: A global overview. Scientometrics 2019, 121, 793–815. [CrossRef]3. Wagner, C.S.; Roessner, J.D.; Bobb, K.; Klein, J.T.; Boyack, K.W.; Keyton, J.; Rafols, I.; Börner, K. Approaches to understanding and measuring interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR): A review of the literature. J. Informetr. 2011, 5, 14–26. [CrossRef]4. Hannah, R.; Max, R. Natural Disasters. Available online: https://ourworldindata.org/natural-disasters (accessed on 18 December 2020).5. Dubey, R.; Altay, N.; Blome, C. Swift trust and commitment: The missing links for humanitarian supply chain coordination? Ann. Oper. Res. 2019, 283, 159–177. [CrossRef]6. Abidi, H.; de Leeuw, S.; Klumpp, M. Measuring success in humanitarian supply chains. Int. J. Bus. Manag. Invent. 2013, 2, 31–39.7. Leiras, A.; de Brito, I., Jr.; Peres, Q.; Bertazzo, R.; Yoshizaki, Y. Literature review of humanitarian logistics research: Trends and challenges. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2014, 4, 95–130. [CrossRef]8. Betts, A.; Bloom, L. Humanitarian Innovation: The State of the Art; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA): New York, NY, USA, 2014.9. Kruse, D.J.; Goeldner, M.; Eling, K.; Herstatt, C. Looking for a Needle in a Haystack: How to Search for Bottom-up Social Innovations that Solve Complex Humanitarian Problems. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 2019, 36, 671–694. [CrossRef]10. Gupta, S.; Altay, N.; Luo, Z. Big data in humanitarian supply chain management: A review and further research directions. Ann. Oper. Res. 2019, 283, 1153–1173. [CrossRef]11. Sharma, R.; Yeasin, M.; Krahnstoever, N.; Rauschert, I.; Cai, G.; Brewer, I.; MacEachren, A.M.; Sengupta, K. Speech-gesture driven multimodal interfaces for crisis management. Proc. IEEE 2003, 91, 1327–1354. [CrossRef]12. Gill, G.S. When all else fails: Amateur radio becomes lifeline of communications during a disaster. Int. J. Emerg. Serv. 2019, 9, 109–121. [CrossRef]13. Yun, J.J.; Kim, D.; Yan, M.-R. Open innovation engineering—Preliminary study on new entrance of technology to market. Electronics 2020, 9, 791. [CrossRef]14. Melo, P.N.; Martins, A.; Pereira, M. The Relationship between Leadership and Accountability: A Review and Synthesis of the Research. J. Entrep. Educ. 2020, 23. Available online: http://hdl.handle.net/11328/3251 (accessed on 16 November 2021).15. Zhu, W.; Wang, Z. The collaborative networks and thematic trends of research on purchasing and supply management for environmental sustainability: A bibliometric review. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1510. [CrossRef]16. Reyes, J.; Solano-Charris, E.; Montoya-Torres, J. The storage location assignment problem: A literature review. Int. J. Ind. Eng. Comput. 2019, 10, 199–224. [CrossRef]17. Meza-Peralta, K.; Gonzalez-Feliu, J.; Montoya-Torres, J.R.; Khodadad-Saryazdi, A. A unified typology of urban logistics spaces as interfaces for freight transport: A Systematic Literature Review. In Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal; Taylor & Francis: Oxfordshire, UK, 2020; pp. 274–289.18. Aria, M.; Cuccurullo, C. bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J. Informetr. 2017, 11, 959–975. [CrossRef]19. Centobelli, P.; Cerchione, R.; Esposito, E.; Oropallo, E. Surfing blockchain wave, or drowning? Shaping the future of distributed ledgers and decentralized technologies. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2021, 165, 120463. [CrossRef]20. Van Nunen, K.; Li, J.; Reniers, G.; Ponnet, K. Bibliometric analysis of safety culture research. Saf. Sci. 2018, 108, 248–258. [CrossRef]21. Liu, X.; Zhan, F.B.; Hong, S.; Niu, B.; Liu, Y. A bibliometric study of earthquake research: 1900–2010. Scientometrics 2012, 92, 747–765. [CrossRef]22. Noyons, E.C.; Moed, H.F.; Luwel, M. Combining mapping and citation analysis for evaluative bibliometric purposes: A bibliometric study. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 1999, 50, 115–131. [CrossRef]23. Zemigala, M. Tendencies in research on sustainable development in management sciences. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 218, 796–809. [CrossRef]24. Bensalem, A.; Kin, V. A bibliometric analysis of reverse logistics from 1992 to 2017. Supply Chain Forum Int. J. 2019, 20, 15–28. [CrossRef]25. Small, H. Visualizing science by citation mapping. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 1999, 50, 799–813. [CrossRef]26. Wang, B.; Pan, S.-Y.; Ke, R.-Y.; Wang, K.; Wei, Y.-M. An overview of climate change vulnerability: A bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science database. Nat. Hazards 2014, 74, 1649–1666. [CrossRef]27. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A.; Akhtar, P.; Dash, M.K. Understanding behavioural intention to use information technology: Insights from humanitarian practitioners. Telemat. Inform. 2017, 34, 1250–1261. [CrossRef]28. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. An empirical investigation of the enablers in humanitarian supply chain management in India: A case study. J. Adv. Manag. Res. 2015, 12, 30–42. [CrossRef]29. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. Information technology, mutual trust, flexibility, agility, adaptability: Understanding their linkages and impact on humanitarian supply chain management performance. Risk Hazards Crisis Public Policy 2016, 7, 79–103. [CrossRef]30. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. Exploring the challenges in implementation of information technology in humanitarian relief organisations in India: A qualitative study. In Managing Humanitarian Logistics; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016; pp. 105–113.31. Kabra, G.; Ramesh, A. An analysis of the interactions among the enablers of information communication technology in humanitarian supply chain management: A fuzzy-based relationship modelling approach. In Handbook of Research on Intelligent Techniques and Modeling Applications in Marketing Analytics; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2017; pp. 62–73.32. Tatham, P.; Ball, C.M.; Wu, Y.; Diplas, P. Using long endurance remotely piloted aircraft systems to support humanitarian logistic operations: A case study of cyclone winston. In Smart Technologies for Emergency Response and Disaster Management; IGI Global: Hershey, PA, USA, 2018; pp. 264–278.33. Tatham, P.; Neal, C.; Wu, Y. Hybrid cargo airships: A humanitarian logistic game changer? J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 102–125. [CrossRef]34. Tatham, P.; Ball, C.; Wu, Y.; Diplas, P. Long-endurance remotely piloted aircraft systems (LE-RPAS) support for humanitarian logistic operations: The current position and the proposed way ahead. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 2–25. [CrossRef]35. Tatham, P.; Loy, J.; Peretti, U. Three dimensional printing—A key tool for the humanitarian logistician? J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2015, 5, 188–208. [CrossRef]36. Tatham, P.; Stadler, F.; Murray, A.; Shaban, R.Z. Flying maggots: A smart logistic solution to an enduring medical challenge. J. Humanit. Logist. Supply Chain Manag. 2017, 7, 172–193. [CrossRef]37. WIPo. Global Innovation Index (GII). Available online: https://www.wipo.int/global_innovation_index/es/2019/#:~{}:text= de%20redes%20sociales,Clasificaci%C3%B3n,del%20%C3%8Dndice%20Mundial%20de%20Innovaci%C3%B3n (accessed on 1 December 2020).38. Whipple, E.C.; Dixon, B.E.; McGowan, J.J. Linking health information technology to patient safety and quality outcomes: A bibliometric analysis and review. Inform. Health Soc. Care 2013, 38, 1–14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]39. Richards, P.B. Space technology contributions to emergency and disaster management. Adv. Earth Oriented Appl. Space Techn. 1982, 1, 215–221.40. Ghallab, M.; Nau, D.; Traverso, P. Automated Planning: Theory and Practice; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2004.41. Caunhye, A.M.; Nie, X.; Pokharel, S. Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. 2012, 46, 4–13. [CrossRef]42. Duran, S.; Gutierrez, M.A.; Keskinocak, P. Pre-positioning of emergency items for CARE international. Interfaces 2011, 41, 223–237. [CrossRef]43. Özdamar, L.; Ertem, M.A. Models, solutions and enabling technologies in humanitarian logistics. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 2015, 244, 55–65. [CrossRef]44. Maon, F.; Lindgreen, A.; Vanhamme, J. Developing supply chains in disaster relief operations through cross-sector socially oriented collaborations: A theoretical model. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2009, 14, 149–164. [CrossRef]45. Soosay, C.A.; Hyland, P. A decade of supply chain collaboration and directions for future research. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2015, 20, 613–630. [CrossRef]46. Mendonca, D.; Beroggi, G.E.; Van Gent, D.; Wallace, W.A. Designing gaming simulations for the assessment of group decision support systems in emergency response. Saf. Sci. 2006, 44, 523–535. [CrossRef]47. Ergun, Ö.; Gui, L.; Heier Stamm, J.L.; Keskinocak, P.; Swann, J. Improving humanitarian operations through technology-enabled collaboration. Prod. Oper. Manag. 2014, 23, 1002–1014. [CrossRef]48. Yang, H.; Yang, L.; Yang, S.-H. Hybrid Zigbee RFID sensor network for humanitarian logistics centre management. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 2011, 34, 938–948. [CrossRef]49. Kovács, G.; Spens, K.M. Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 2007, 37, 99–114. [CrossRef]50. Balcik, B.; Beamon, B.M.; Krejci, C.C.; Muramatsu, K.M.; Ramirez, M. Coordination in humanitarian relief chains: Practices, challenges and opportunities. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2010, 126, 22–34. [CrossRef]51. Abidi, H.; De Leeuw, S.; Klumpp, M. Humanitarian supply chain performance management: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 2014, 19, 592–608. [CrossRef]52. Kovács, G.; Spens, K. Identifying challenges in humanitarian logistics. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 2009, 39, 506–528. [CrossRef]53. Van Wassenhove, L.N. Humanitarian aid logistics: Supply chain management in high gear. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 2006, 57, 475–489. [CrossRef]54. Chingono, T.; Mbohwa, C. Information Technologies for Humanitarian logistics and supply Chain Management in Zimbabwe. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8–10 March 2016; pp. 1038–1046.55. Setiabudi, D.H.; Wydiadana, I.G.A. Humanitarian Logistics Information System for Natural Disaster: A Case Study on East Java, under the Coordination of Indonesian Red Cross. In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Communications, Singapore, 16–18 August 2019; pp. 86–92.56. Geumpana, T.A.; Rabhi, F.; Lewis, J.; Ray, P.K.; Zhu, L. Mobile cloud computing for disaster emergency operation: A systematic review. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), Dublin, Ireland, 11–12 November 2015; pp. 1–8.57. Abushaikha, I.; Schumann-Bölsche, D. Mobile phones: Established technologies for innovative humanitarian logistics concepts. Procedia Eng. 2016, 159, 191–198. [CrossRef]58. Ma, Y.; Zhang, H. Enhancing knowledge management and decision-making capability of China’s emergency operations center using big data. Intell. Autom. Soft Comput. 2017, 24, 107–114. [CrossRef]59. Li, W.-S.; Chen, K.-H.; Chang, C.-L.; Lee, Y. Initial Use of Big Data and Open Data on Disaster Risk Management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction, Kyiv, Ukraine, 9–10 October 2017; pp. 19–24.60. Nagendra, N.P.; Narayanamurthy, G.; Moser, R. Management of humanitarian relief operations using satellite big data analytics: The case of Kerala floods. Ann. Oper. Res. 2020, 1–26. [CrossRef]61. Baffoe, B.O.K.; Luo, W. Humanitarian Relief Sustainability: A Framework of Humanitarian Logistics Digital Business Ecosystem. Transp. Res. Procedia 2020, 48, 363–387. [CrossRef]62. Dubey, R.; Gunasekaran, A.; Bryde, D.J.; Dwivedi, Y.K.; Papadopoulos, T. Blockchain technology for enhancing swift-trust, collaboration and resilience within a humanitarian supply chain setting. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2020, 58, 3381–3398. [CrossRef]63. See, Z.S.; Blundell, D.; Thwaites, H. Virtual reality 360 content preservation for disaster relief. In Proceedings of the 2017 Pacific Neighborhood Consortium Annual Conference and Joint Meetings (PNC), Tainan, Taiwan, 7–9 November 2017; pp. 174–179.64. Rodríguez-Espíndola, O.; Chowdhury, S.; Beltagui, A.; Albores, P. The potential of emergent disruptive technologies for humanitarian supply chains: The integration of blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and 3D printing. Int. J. Prod. Res. 2020, 58, 4610–4630. [CrossRef]65. Zhao, M.; Liu, X. Development of decision support tool for optimizing urban emergency rescue facility locations to improve humanitarian logistics management. Saf. Sci. 2018, 102, 110–117. [CrossRef]66. Fraga-Lamas, P.; Fernández-Caramés, T.M. Leveraging Blockchain for Sustainability and Open Innovation: A Cyber-Resilient Approach toward EU Green Deal and UN Sustainable Development Goals. In Computer Security Threats; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2020.67. Hrastinski, S.; Kviselius, N.Z.; Ozan, H.; Edenius, M. A review of technologies for open innovation: Characteristics and future trends. In Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, HI, USA, 5–8 January 2010; pp. 1–10.68. Baharmand, H.; Comes, T. Leveraging partnerships with logistics service providers in humanitarian supply chains by blockchainbased smart contracts. IFAC-Pap. Online 2019, 52, 12–17. [CrossRef]69. Papadopoulos, T.; Gunasekaran, A.; Dubey, R.; Altay, N.; Childe, S.J.; Fosso-Wamba, S. The role of Big Data in explaining disaster resilience in supply chains for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 142, 1108–1118. [CrossRef]70. Sahebjamnia, N.; Torabi, S.A.; Mansouri, S.A. A hybrid decision support system for managing humanitarian relief chains. Decis. Support Syst. 2017, 95, 12–26. [CrossRef]71. Kroon, N.; Alves, M.d.C.; Martins, I. The Impacts of Emerging Technologies on Accountants’ Role and Skills: Connecting to Open Innovation—A Systematic Literature Review. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 163. [CrossRef]72. Dudnik, O.; Vasiljeva, M.; Kuznetsov, N.; Podzorova, M.; Nikolaeva, I.; Vatutina, L.; Khomenko, E.; Ivleva, M. Trends, Impacts, and Prospects for Implementing Artificial Intelligence Technologies in the Energy Industry: The Implication of Open Innovation. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 155. [CrossRef]22147Digital technologiesDisaster preventionHumanitarian logisticsHumanitarian supply chainPublicationORIGINALBibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain.htmBibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain.htmArtículotext/html163603https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3cb6a354-7743-4a51-a70c-8e1dc0058202/download48373beeefaede2aca484ae1812ed9bbMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e56b2d45-5221-4d4c-8075-9bb05f6e71ae/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTBibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain.htm.txtBibliometric analysis of the potential of technologies in the humanitarian supply Chain.htm.txtExtracted texttext/plain3691https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/97d451e0-9979-47eb-9a58-bc974a8f281e/download5a9030baf9fc124b128e243011e53734MD5311323/10751oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/107512024-09-17 11:06:40.781https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares