Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes

The dietary practices of athletes play a crucial role in shaping their body composition, influencing sports performance, training adaptations, and overall health. However, despite the widely acknowledged significance of dietary intake in athletic success, there exists a gap in our understanding of t...

Full description

Autores:
Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra
Belinchón-deMiguel, Pedro
Rubio-Zarapuz, Alejandro
Tornero-Aguilera, Jose Francisco
Martínez-Guardado, Ismael
Villanueva-Tobaldo, Carlota Valeria
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13359
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13359
Palabra clave:
Athletes
Dietary practices
Body composition
Sports performance
Nutrition interventions
Training adaptations
Optimal nutrition
Athletic success
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_439e6f8dd30796704d446aa3b359cbd1
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13359
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
title Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
spellingShingle Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
Athletes
Dietary practices
Body composition
Sports performance
Nutrition interventions
Training adaptations
Optimal nutrition
Athletic success
title_short Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
title_full Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
title_fullStr Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
title_full_unstemmed Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
title_sort Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletes
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra
Belinchón-deMiguel, Pedro
Rubio-Zarapuz, Alejandro
Tornero-Aguilera, Jose Francisco
Martínez-Guardado, Ismael
Villanueva-Tobaldo, Carlota Valeria
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Martín-Rodríguez, Alexandra
Belinchón-deMiguel, Pedro
Rubio-Zarapuz, Alejandro
Tornero-Aguilera, Jose Francisco
Martínez-Guardado, Ismael
Villanueva-Tobaldo, Carlota Valeria
Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Athletes
Dietary practices
Body composition
Sports performance
Nutrition interventions
Training adaptations
Optimal nutrition
Athletic success
topic Athletes
Dietary practices
Body composition
Sports performance
Nutrition interventions
Training adaptations
Optimal nutrition
Athletic success
description The dietary practices of athletes play a crucial role in shaping their body composition, influencing sports performance, training adaptations, and overall health. However, despite the widely acknowledged significance of dietary intake in athletic success, there exists a gap in our understanding of the intricate relationships between nutrition, body composition, and performance. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that many athletes fail to adopt optimal nutritional practices, which can impede their potential achievements. In response, this Special Issue seeks to gather research papers that delve into athletes’ dietary practices and their potential impacts on body composition and sports performance. Additionally, studies focusing on interventions aimed at optimizing dietary habits are encouraged. This paper outlines the key aspects and points that will be developed in the ensuing articles of this Special Issue.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-23T20:39:28Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-23T20:39:28Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-02-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Rubio-Zarapuz, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Villanueva-Tobaldo, C.V.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024, 16, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040571
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13359
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/nu16040571
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2072-6643
identifier_str_mv Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Rubio-Zarapuz, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Villanueva-Tobaldo, C.V.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024, 16, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040571
10.3390/nu16040571
2072-6643
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13359
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv Nutrients
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv Sun, W. Sports Performance Prediction Based on Chaos Theory and Machine Learning. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2022, 2022, 3916383. [CrossRef]
Malsagova, K.A.; Kopylov, A.T.; Sinitsyna, A.A.; Stepanov, A.A.; Izotov, A.A.; Butkova, T.V.; Chingin, K.; Klyuchnikov, M.S.; Kaysheva, A.L. Sports Nutrition: Diets, Selection Factors, Recommendations. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3771
Behl, T.; Kaur, I.; Sehgal, A.; Singh, S.; Albarrati, A.; Albratty, M.; Najmi, A.; Meraya, A.M.; Bungau, S. The road to precision medicine: Eliminating the “One Size Fits All” approach in Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2022, 153, 113337.
Campa, F.; Toselli, S.; Mazzilli, M.; Gobbo, L.A.; Coratella, G. Assessment of Body Composition in Athletes: A Narrative Review of Available Methods with Special Reference to Quantitative and Qualitative Bioimpedance Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1620.
Lukaski, H.; Raymond-Pope, C.J. New Frontiers of Body Composition in Sport. Int. J. Sport. Med. 2021, 42, 588–601.
Heydenreich, J.; Kayser, B.; Schutz, Y.; Melzer, K. Total Energy Expenditure, Energy Intake, and Body Composition in Endurance Athletes Across the Training Season: A Systematic Review. Sports Med.-Open 2017, 3, 8.
Janiczak, A.; Devlin, B.L.; Forsyth, A.; Trakman, G.L. A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake. Br. J. Nutr. 2021, 128, 1156–1169.
Moreau, D.; Wiebels, K. Assessing Change in Intervention Research: The Benefits of Composite Outcomes. Adv. Methods Pr. Psychol. Sci. 2021, 4, 2515245920931930.
Mujika, I.; Halson, S.; Burke, L.M.; Balagué, G.; Farrow, D. An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2018, 13, 538–561.
Birkenhead, K.L.; Slater, G. A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 1511–1522.
Beck, K.L.; Thomson, J.S.; Swift, R.J.; von Hurst, P.R. Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery. Open Access J. Sports Med. 2015, 6, 259–267.
Bentley, M.R.; Mitchell, N.; Backhouse, S.H. Sports nutrition interventions: A systematic review of behavioural strategies used to promote dietary behaviour change in athletes. Appetite 2020, 150, 104645.
Alghannam, A.F.; Ghaith, M.M.; Alhussain, M.H. Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4963.
Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Hirsch, K.R.; Saylor, H.E.; Gould, L.M.; Blue, M.N.M. Nutritional Considerations and Strategies to Facilitate Injury Recovery and Rehabilitation. J. Athl. Train. 2020, 55, 918–930.
Freire, R. Scientific evidence of diets for weight loss: Different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting, and popular diets. Nutrition 2019, 69, 110549.
Runacres, A.; Mackintosh, K.A.; McNarry, M.A. Health Consequences of an Elite Sporting Career: Long-Term Detriment or Long-Term Gain? A Meta-Analysis of 165,000 Former Athletes. Sports Med. 2020, 51, 289–301.
Knechtle, B.; Wirth, A.; Baumann, B.; Knechtle, P.; Rosemann, T.; Oliver, S. Differential Correlations Between Anthropometry, Training Volume, and Performance in Male and Female Ironman Triathletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 2785–2793.
Legaz, A.; Eston, R. Changes in performance, skinfold thicknesses, and fat patterning after three years of intense athletic conditioning in high level runners. Br. J. Sports Med. 2005, 39, 851–856.
Beattie, K.; Carson, B.P.; Lyons, M.; Rossiter, A.; Kenny, I.C. The Effect of Strength Training on Performance Indicators in Distance Runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2017, 31, 9–23.
Menaspà, P.; Quod, M.; Martin, D.T.; Peiffer, J.J.; Abbiss, C.R. Physical Demands of Sprinting in Professional Road Cycling. Int. J. Sports Med. 2015, 36, 1058–1062.
Sharp, R.L.; Troup, J.P.; Costill, D.L. Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982, 14, 53–56.
Seitz, L.B.; Reyes, A.; Tran, T.T.; de Villarreal, E.S.; Haff, G.G. Increases in Lower-Body Strength Transfer Positively to Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 1693–1702.
Egan, B.; Zierath, J.R. Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation. Cell Metab. 2013, 17, 162–184.
Mero, A.; Komi, P.V.; Gregor, R.J. Biomechanics of Sprint Running. Sports Med. 1992, 13, 376–392.
Boutcher, S.H. High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. J. Obes. 2010, 2011, 868305.
Comfort, P.; Stewart, A.; Bloom, L.; Clarkson, B. Relationships between Strength, Sprint, and Jump Performance in Well-Trained Youth Soccer Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2014, 28, 173–177.
Stone, M.H.; Moir, G.; Glaister, M.; Sanders, R. How much strength is necessary? Phys. Ther. Sport 2002, 3, 88–96.
Zaras, N.D.; Stasinaki, A.-N.E.; Methenitis, S.K.; Krase, A.A.; Karampatsos, G.P.; Georgiadis, G.V.; Spengos, K.M.; Terzis, G.D. Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Young Competitive Track and Field Throwers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016, 30, 81–92.
Grout, A.; McClave, S.A.; Jampolis, M.B.; Krueger, K.; Hurt, R.T.; Landes, S.; Kiraly, L. Basic Principles of Sports Nutrition. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2016, 5, 213–222.
Potgieter, S. Sport nutrition: A review of the latest guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition from the American College of Sport Nutrition, the International Olympic Committee and the International Society for Sports Nutrition. S. Afr. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013, 26, 6–16.
Phillips, S.M.; van Loon, L.J. Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. J. Sports Sci. 2011, 29 (Suppl. S1), S29–S38.
Sims, S.T.; Kerksick, C.M.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; de Jonge, X.A.J.; Hirsch, K.R.; Arent, S.M.; Hewlings, S.J.; Kleiner, S.M.; Bustillo, E.; Tartar, J.L.; et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutritional concerns of the female athlete. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2023, 20, 2204066.
Negro, M.; Rucci, S.; Buonocore, D.; Focarelli, A.; Marzatico, F. Sports Nutrition Science: An Essential Overview. Prog. Nutr. 2013, 15, 3–30.
Bryngelsson, S.; Moshtaghian, H.; Bianchi, M.; Hallström, E. Nutritional assessment of plant-based meat analogues on the Swedish market. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022, 73, 889–901.
Jimenez-Morcillo, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population. Nutrients 2024, 16, 104.
Miller, F.; McGrowder, D.A.; Vaz, K.; McLean-Miller, K. Are Dietary Supplements, Harmful or Good for Athletes? J. Sports Phys. Educ. Stud. 2022, 2, 10–20.
Tipton, K.D.; Jeukendrup, A.E.; Hespel, P. Nutrition for the sprinter. J. Sports Sci. 2007, 25, S5–S15.
Slater, G.J.; Sygo, J.; Jorgensen, M. SPRINTING... Dietary Approaches to Optimize Training Adaptation and Performance. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 85–94.
Tessari, P.; Lante, A.; Mosca, G. Essential amino acids: Master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint? Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 26074.
Martínez-Sanz, J.M.; Urdampilleta, A. Necesidades nutricionales y planificación dietética en deportes de fuerza. Mot. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2012, 29, 95–114.
McLain, T.A.; Escobar, K.A.; Kerksick, C.M. Protein Applications in Sports Nutrition—Part I: Requirements, Quality, Source, and Optimal Dose. Strength Cond. J. 2015, 37, 61–71.
Arciero, P.J.; Miller, V.J.; Ward, E. Performance Enhancing Diets and the PRISE Protocol to Optimize Athletic Performance. J. Nutr. Metab. 2015, 2015, 715859.
Sygo, J.; Glass, A.K.; Killer, S.C.; Stellingwerff, T. Fueling for the Field: Nutrition for Jumps, Throws, and Combined Events. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 95–105.
Wiewelhove, T.; Döweling, A.; Schneider, C.; Hottenrott, L.; Meyer, T.; Kellmann, M.; Pfeiffer, M.; Ferrauti, A. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foam Rolling on Performance and Recovery. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10, 376.
Burke, L.M.; Slater, G.; Broad, E.M.; Haukka, J.; Modulon, S.; Hopkins, W.G. Eating Patterns and Meal Frequency of Elite Australian Athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2003, 13, 521–538.
Smith, J.W.; Holmes, M.E.; McAllister, M.J. Nutritional Considerations for Performance in Young Athletes. J. Sports Med. 2015, 2015, 734649.
Eck, K.M.; Byrd-Bredbenner, C. Food Choice Decisions of Collegiate Division I Athletes: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2322.
Heather, A.K.; Thorpe, H.; Ogilvie, M.; Sims, S.T.; Beable, S.; Milsom, S.; Schofield, K.L.; Coleman, L.; Hamilton, B. Biological and Socio-Cultural Factors Have the Potential to Influence the Health and Performance of Elite Female Athletes: A Cross Sectional Survey of 219 Elite Female Athletes in Aotearoa New Zealand. Front. Sports Act. Living 2021, 3, 601420.
Sta´skiewicz, W.; Grochowska-Niedworok, E.; Zydek, G.; Grajek, M.; Krupa-Kotara, K.; Białek-Dratwa, A.; Jaruga-S˛ekowska, S.; Kowalski, O.; Kardas, M. The Assessment of Body Composition and Nutritional Awareness of Football Players According to Age. Nutrients 2023, 15, 705.
Beals, K.A.; Mitchell, A. Recent Recommendations and Current Controversies in Sport Nutrition. Am. J. Lifestyle Med. 2013, 9, 288–297.
Purcell, L.; Society, C.P. Paediatric Sports and Exercise Medicine Section Sport nutrition for young athletes. Paediatr. Child Health 2013, 18, 200–202.
Rodriguez, N.R.; DiMarco, N.M.; Langley, S.; American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2009, 109, 509–527.
Cole, C.R.; Salvaterra, G.F.; Davis, J.E.; Borja, M.E.; Powell, L.M.; Dubbs, E.C.; Bordi, P.L. Evaluation of Dietary Practices of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2005, 19, 490–494.
Masoga, S.; Maja, M.T.; Matsepane, M.P.; Sethemane, S.C. Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Sport Sci. Health 2021, 18, 171–178.
Jusoh, N.; Lee, J.L.F.; Tengah, R.Y.; Azmi, S.H.; Suherman, A. Association between nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice among Malaysian adolescent handball athletes. Malays. J. Nutr. 2021, 27, 279–291.
Trakman, G.L.; Forsyth, A.; Devlin, B.L.; Belski, R. A Systematic Review of Athletes’ and Coaches’ Nutrition Knowledge and Reflections on the Quality of Current Nutrition Knowledge Measures. Nutrients 2016, 8, 570.
Werner, E.N.; Guadagni, A.J.; Pivarnik, J.M. Assessment of nutrition knowledge in division I college athletes. J. Am. Coll. Heath. 2022, 70, 248–255.
Jagim, A.R.; Fields, J.B.; Magee, M.; Kerksick, C.; Luedke, J.; Erickson, J.; Jones, M.T. The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2239.
Magee, M.K.; Lockard, B.L.; Zabriskie, H.A.; Schaefer, A.Q.; Luedke, J.A.; Erickson, J.L.; Jones, M.T.; Jagim, A.R. Prevalence of Low Energy Availability in Collegiate Women Soccer Athletes. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2020, 5, 96.
Laska, M.N.; Hearst, M.O.; Lust, K.; Lytle, L.A.; Story, M. How we eat what we eat: Identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with healthy and unhealthy dietary factors among young adults. PhotoniX 2015, 18, 2135–2145. [
Chen, P.-J.; Antonelli, M. Conceptual Models of Food Choice: Influential Factors Related to Foods, Individual Differences, and Society. Foods 2020, 9, 1898.
Lo, Y.-T.; Chang, Y.-H.; Lee, M.-S.; Wahlqvist, M.L. Health and nutrition economics: Diet costs are associated with diet quality. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 18, 598–604.
Khanna, S.K. Cultural Influences on Food: Dietary and Health Implications. Ecol. Food Nutr. 2021, 60, 633–635.
Mingay, E.; Hart, M.; Yoong, S.; Hure, A. Why We Eat the Way We Do: A Call to Consider Food Culture in Public Health Initiatives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11967.
Monterrosa, E.C.; Frongillo, E.A.; Drewnowski, A.; De Pee, S.; Vandevijvere, S. Sociocultural Influences on Food Choices and Implications for Sustainable Healthy Diets. Food Nutr. Bull. 2020, 41 (Suppl. S2), 59S–73S.
Fan, S. Economics in food systems transformation. Nat. Food 2021, 2, 218–219.
Folkvord, F.; Roes, E.; Bevelander, K. Promoting healthy foods in the new digital era on Instagram: An experimental study on the effect of a popular real versus fictitious fit influencer on brand attitude and purchase intentions. BMC Public Health 2020, 20, 1677
Miller, K.B.; Eckberg, J.O.; Decker, E.A.; Marinangeli, C.P.F. Role of Food Industry in Promoting Healthy and Sustainable Diets. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2740.
Schneiderman, N.; Ironson, G.; Siegel, S.D. Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2005, 1, 607–628.
Meule, A. The Psychology of Food Cravings: The Role of Food Deprivation. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2020, 9, 251–257.
Esposito, C.M.; Ceresa, A.; Buoli, M. The Association between Personality Traits and Dietary Choices: A Systematic Review. Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J. 2021, 12, 1149–1159.
Enriquez, J.P.; Archila-Godinez, J.C. Social and cultural influences on food choices: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022, 62, 3698–3704
Segar, M. The Joy Choice: How to Finally Achieve Lasting Changes in Eating and Exercise; Hachette Go: London, UK, 2022; ISBN 978-0-306-82609-2.
Reyes, L.I.; Constantinides, S.V.; Bhandari, S.; Frongillo, E.A.; Schreinemachers, P.; Wertheim-Heck, S.; Walls, H.; Holdsworth, M.; Laar, A.; Nguyen, T.; et al. Actions in global nutrition initiatives to promote sustainable healthy diets. Glob. Food Secur. 2021, 31, 100585.
Lin, L.P.; Dali, W.P.E.W. The Impact of Nutrition Education Interventions on the Dietary Habits of College Students in Developed Nations: A Brief Review. Malays. J. Med. Sci. 2012, 19, 4.
Castres, P. Informed Food Choices for Healthier Consumers. Eur. Consum. Organ. 2015, 32, 9505781573
Mazzù, M.F.; Romani, S.; Marozzo, V.; Giambarresi, A.; Baccelloni, A. Improving the understanding of key nutritional elements to support healthier and more informed food choices: The effect of front-of-pack label bundles. Nutrition 2023, 105, 111849.
Verma, M.; Hontecillas, R.; Tubau-Juni, N.; Abedi, V.; Bassaganya-Riera, J. Challenges in Personalized Nutrition and Health. Front. Nutr. 2018, 5, 117.
Ordovas, J.M.; Berciano, S. Personalized nutrition and healthy aging. Nutr. Rev. 2020, 78, 58–65.
Holtzman, B.; Ackerman, K.E. Recommendations and Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes: Health and Performance. Sports Med. 2021, 51, 43–57.
Guest, N.S.; Horne, J.; Vanderhout, S.M.; El-Sohemy, A. Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance. Front. Nutr. 2019, 6, 8.
Willis, E.A.; Szabo-Reed, A.N.; Ptomey, L.T.; Honas, J.J.; Steger, F.L.; Washburn, R.A.; Donnelly, J.E. Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Group-Based High-Intensity Functional Training: A Brief Report. J. Phys. Act. Health 2019, 16, 470–476.
Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Fernández-Lázaro, D. Nutrition and Muscle Recovery. Nutrients 2021, 13, 294.
Saunders, P.U.; Garvican-Lewis, L.A.; Chapman, R.F.; Périard, J.D. Special Environments: Altitude and Heat. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 210–219.
Murray, R. Rehydration Strategies—Balancing Substrate, Fluid, and Electrolyte Provision. Int. J. Sports Med. 1998, 19, S133–S135.
Viscor, G.; Corominas, J.; Carceller, A. Nutrition and Hydration for High-Altitude Alpinism: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3186.
Salmón-Gómez, L.; Catalán, V.; Frühbeck, G.; Gómez-Ambrosi, J. Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2023, 24, 809–823.
Kirk, D.; Catal, C.; Tekinerdogan, B. Precision nutrition: A systematic literature review. Comput. Biol. Med. 2021, 133, 104365.
Pelly, F.E.; Thurecht, R.L.; Slater, G. Determinants of Food Choice in Athletes: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Med.—Open 2022, 8, 77.
Spiering, B.A.; Mujika, I.; Sharp, M.A.; Foulis, S.A. Maintaining Physical Performance: The Minimal Dose of Exercise Needed to Preserve Endurance and Strength Over Time. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2021, 35, 1449–1458.
Mujika, I.; Stellingwerff, T.; Tipton, K. Nutrition and Training Adaptations in Aquatic Sports. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2014, 24, 414–424.
Jeukendrup, A.E. Periodized Nutrition for Athletes. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 51–63.
Kerksick, C.M.; Arent, S.; Schoenfeld, B.J.; Stout, J.R.; Campbell, B.; Wilborn, C.D.; Taylor, L.; Kalman, D.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Kreider, R.B.; et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2017, 14, 33.
Stellingwerff, T.; Morton, J.P.; Burke, L.M. A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 141–151.
Hawley, J.A.; Burke, L.M.; Phillips, S.M.; Spriet, L.L. Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. J. Appl. Physiol. 2011, 110, 834–845.
Close, G.; Hamilton, D.; Philp, A.; Burke, L.; Morton, J. New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 2016, 98, 144–158.
Baar, K. Nutrition and the Adaptation to Endurance Training. Sports Med. 2014, 44 (Suppl. S1), S5–S12.
Nikolaidis, P.T.; Veniamakis, E.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1995
Stellingwerff, T.; Peeling, P.; Garvican-Lewis, L.A.; Hall, R.; Koivisto, A.E.; Heikura, I.A.; Burke, L.M. Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 169–184.
Earnest, C.P.; Rothschild, J.; Harnish, C.R.; Naderi, A. Metabolic adaptations to endurance training and nutrition strategies influencing performance. Res. Sports Med. 2019, 27, 134–146.
Sahlin, K. Muscle Energetics during Explosive Activities and Potential Effects of Nutrition and Training. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 167–173.
Aedma, M.; Timpmann, S.; Lätt, E.; Ööpik, V. Short-term creatine supplementation has no impact on upper-body anaerobic power in trained wrestlers. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2015, 12, 45.
Lancha Junior, A.H.; de Salles Painelli, V.; Saunders, B.; Artioli, G.G. Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity during High-Intensity Exercise. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 71–81.
Naderi, A.; Earnest, C.P.; Lowery, R.P.; Wilson, J.M.; Willems, M.E.T. Co-ingestion of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and HighIntensity Exercise Performance. Sports Med. 2016, 46, 1407–1418.
Sousa, M.; Teixeira, V.H.; Soares, J. Dietary strategies to recover from exercise-induced muscle damage. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2014, 65, 151–163.
Maughan, R.J.; Burke, L.M.; Dvorak, J.; Larson-Meyer, D.E.; Peeling, P.; Phillips, S.M.; Rawson, E.S.; Walsh, N.P.; Garthe, I.; Geyer, H.; et al. IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2018, 28, 104–125.
Bonilla, D.A.; Pérez-Idárraga, A.; Odriozola-Martínez, A.; Kreider, R.B. The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for PostExercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 103.
Wu, G.; Thompson, J.R. The effect of glutamine on protein turnover in chick skeletal muscle in vitro. Biochem. J. 1990, 265, 593–598.
Street, B.; Byrne, C.; Eston, R. Glutamine Supplementation in Recovery from Eccentric Exercise Attenuates Strength Loss and Muscle Soreness. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2011, 9, 116–122.
Legault, Z.; Bagnall, N.; Kimmerly, D.S. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2015, 25, 417–426.
Córdova-Martínez, A.; Caballero-García, A.; Bello, H.J.; Pérez-Valdecantos, D.; Roche, E. Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Muscular Damage Biomarkers in Professional Basketball Players. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2073.
Mieszkowski, J.; Borkowska, A.; Stankiewicz, B.; Kochanowicz, A.; Niespodzi´nski, B.; Surmiak, M.; Waldzi´nski, T.; Rola, R.; Petr, M.; Antosiewicz, J. Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1280.
Choi, M.; Park, H.; Cho, S.; Lee, M. Vitamin D3 supplementation modulates inflammatory responses from the muscle damage induced by high-intensity exercise in SD rats. Cytokine 2013, 63, 27–35.
Minshull, C.; Biant, L.C.; Ralston, S.H.; Gleeson, N. A Systematic Review of the Role of Vitamin D on Neuromuscular Remodelling Following Exercise and Injury. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2015, 98, 426–437.
Caballero-García, A.; Córdova-Martínez, A.; Vicente-Salar, N.; Roche, E.; Pérez-Valdecantos, D. Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2336.
Jagim, A.; Kerksick, C. Creatine Supplementation in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2021, 13, 664.
Fekri-Kourabbaslou, V.; Shams, S.; Amani-Shalamzari, S. Effect of different recovery modes during resistance training with blood flow restriction on hormonal levels and performance in young men: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation 2022, 14, 47.
Wax, B.; Kerksick, C.M.; Jagim, A.R.; Mayo, J.J.; Lyons, B.C.; Kreider, R.B. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1915.
Rawson, E.S.; Miles, M.P.; Larson-Meyer, D.E. Dietary Supplements for Health, Adaptation, and Recovery in Athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2018, 28, 188–199.
Bendahan, D.; Mattei, J.P.; Ghattas, B.; Confort-Gouny, S.; Le Guern, M.E.; Cozzone, P.J. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002, 36, 282–289.
Figueroa, A.; Wong, A.; Jaime, S.J.; Gonzales, J.U. Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 2017, 20, 92–98.
Wax, B.; Kavazis, A.N.; Luckett, W. Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males. J. Diet. Suppl. 2016, 13, 269–282.
Pérez-Guisado, J.; Jakeman, P.M. Citrulline Malate Enhances Athletic Anaerobic Performance and Relieves Muscle Soreness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 1215–1222.
Da Silva, D.K.; Jacinto, J.L.; De Andrade, W.B.; Roveratti, M.C.; Estoche, J.M.; Balvedi, M.C.W.; De Oliveira, D.B.; Da Silva, R.A.; Aguiar, A.F. Citrulline Malate Does Not Improve Muscle Recovery after Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adult Men. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1132.
Gough, L.A.; Sparks, S.A.; McNaughton, L.R.; Higgins, M.F.; Newbury, J.W.; Trexler, E.; Faghy, M.A.; Bridge, C.A. A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2021, 121, 3283–3295.
Burd, N.A.; Tang, J.E.; Moore, D.R.; Phillips, S.M. Exercise training and protein metabolism: Influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009, 106, 1692–1701.
West, D.W.; Burd, N.A.; Coffey, V.G.; Baker, S.K.; Burke, L.M.; Hawley, J.A.; Moore, D.R.; Stellingwerff, T.; Phillips, S.M. Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 94, 795–803.
Jäger, R.; Kerksick, C.M.; Campbell, B.I.; Cribb, P.J.; Wells, S.D.; Skwiat, T.M.; Purpura, M.; Ziegenfuss, T.N.; Ferrando, A.A.; Arent, S.M.; et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2017, 14, 20.
West, D.W.D.; Sawan, S.A.; Mazzulla, M.; Williamson, E.; Moore, D.R. Whey Protein Supplementation Enhances Whole Body Protein Metabolism and Performance Recovery after Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients 2017, 9, 735.
Smriga, M. International Regulations on Amino Acid Use in Foods and Supplements and Recommendations to Control Their Safety Based on Purity and Quality. J. Nutr. 2020, 150, 2602S–2605S.
Bedford, S. Recovery from Strenuous Exercise; Taylor & Francis: New York, NY, USA, 2022; ISBN 978-1-00-062318-5.
Forbes, S.C.; Candow, D.G.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Hirsch, K.R.; Roberts, M.D.; VanDusseldorp, T.A.; Stratton, M.T.; Kaviani, M.; Little, J.P. Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations—A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 390.
Thomas, D.T.; Erdman, K.A.; Burke, L.M. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016, 48, 3.
Moore, D.R. Nutrition to Support Recovery from Endurance Exercise. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2015, 14, 294–300.
Ivy, J.L. Glycogen Resynthesis after Exercise: Effect of Carbohydrate Intake. Int. J. Sports Med. 1998, 19, S142–S145.
Viribay, A.; Arribalzaga, S.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Castañeda-Babarro, A.; Seco-Calvo, J.; Urdampilleta, A. Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1367.
Loureiro, L.M.R.; Neto, E.d.S.; Molina, G.E.; Amato, A.A.; Arruda, S.F.; Reis, C.E.G.; da Costa, T.H.M. Coffee Increases PostExercise Muscle Glycogen Recovery in Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3335.
Ferraris, R.P.; Choe, J.-Y.; Patel, C.R. Intestinal Absorption of Fructose. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2018, 38, 41–67.
Francey, C.; Cros, J.; Rosset, R.; Crézé, C.; Rey, V.; Stefanoni, N.; Schneiter, P.; Tappy, L.; Seyssel, K. The extra-splanchnic fructose escape after ingestion of a fructose–glucose drink: An exploratory study in healthy humans using a dual fructose isotope method. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 2018, 29, 125–132.
Gonzalez, J.T.; Betts, J.A. Dietary Fructose Metabolism by Splanchnic Organs: Size Matters. Cell Metab. 2018, 27, 483–485.
Fuchs, C.J.; Gonzalez, J.T.; van Loon, L.J.C. Fructose co-ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes. J. Physiol. 2019, 597, 3549–3560.
Jäger, S.; Handschin, C.; St.-Pierre, J.; Spiegelman, B.M. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1alpha. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 12017–12022.
Churchward-Venne, T.A.; Pinckaers, P.J.M.; Smeets, J.S.J.; Betz, M.W.; Senden, J.M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; Gijsen, A.P.; Rollo, I.; Verdijk, L.B.; Van Loon, L.J.C. Dose-response effects of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis during recovery from endurance exercise in young men: A double-blind randomized trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020, 112, 303–317.
Holwerda, A.M.; Paulussen, K.J.M.; Overkamp, M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; Kramer, I.F.; Wodzig, W.K.W.H.; Verdijk, L.B.; van Loon, L.J.C. Dose-Dependent Increases in Whole-Body Net Protein Balance and Dietary Protein-Derived Amino Acid Incorporation into Myofibrillar Protein During Recovery from Resistance Exercise in Older Men. J. Nutr. 2019, 149, 221–230.
Kritikos, S.; Papanikolaou, K.; Draganidis, D.; Poulios, A.; Georgakouli, K.; Tsimeas, P.; Tzatzakis, T.; Batsilas, D.; Batrakoulis, A.; Deli, C.K.; et al. Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2021, 18, 23.
Trommelen, J.; van Lieshout, G.A.A.; Pabla, P.; Nyakayiru, J.; Hendriks, F.K.; Senden, J.M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; van Kranenburg, J.M.X.; Gijsen, A.P.; Verdijk, L.B.; et al. Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med. 2023, 53, 1445–1455.
VanDusseldorp, T.A.; Escobar, K.A.; Johnson, K.E.; Stratton, M.T.; Moriarty, T.; Cole, N.; McCormick, J.J.; Kerksick, C.M.; Vaughan, R.A.; Dokladny, K.; et al. Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1389.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Bustamante-Sanchez, Á.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2371.
Levers, K.; Dalton, R.; Galvan, E.; O’connor, A.; Goodenough, C.; Simbo, S.; Mertens-Talcott, S.U.; Rasmussen, C.; Greenwood, M.; Riechman, S.; et al. Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2016, 13, 22.
Bowtell, J.; Kelly, V. Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 3–23.
Dominguez-Balmaseda, D.; Diez-Vega, I.; Larrosa, M.; San Juan, A.F.; Issaly, N.; Moreno-Pérez, D.; Burgos, S.; Sillero-Quintana, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Bas, A.; et al. Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front. Physiol. 2020, 11, 826.
Lee, Y.; Jung, J.-C.; Jang, S.; Kim, J.; Ali, Z.; Khan, I.A.; Oh, S. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Constituents Isolated from Rhodiola rosea. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013, 2013, 514049.
Salve, J.; Pate, S.; Debnath, K.; Langade, D. Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Cureus 2019, 11, e6466.
McGlory, C.; Devries, M.C.; Phillips, S.M.; Goodman, C.A.; van der Zwaard, S.; Brocherie, F.; Kom, B.L.G.; Millet, G.P.; Deldicque, L.; van der Laarse, W.J.; et al. Skeletal muscle and resistance exercise training; the role of protein synthesis in recovery and remodeling. J. Appl. Physiol. 2017, 122, 541–548.
Fabre, M.; Mathieu, B.; Tiollier, E.; Leduc, C.; Clauss, M.; Marchand, A.; Robineau, J.; Piscione, J.; Serenari, T.; Brasy, J.; et al. Effects of Native Whey Protein and Carbohydrate Supplement on Physical Performance and Plasma Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation during a Simulated Rugby Sevens Tournament: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4780.
Abreu, R.; Oliveira, C.B.; Costa, J.A.; Brito, J.; Teixeira, V.H. Effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players: A systematic review. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2023, 20, 2236060.
Jówko, E.; Długoł˛ecka, B.; Makaruk, B.; Cie´sli ´nski, I. The effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress parameters in male sprinters. Eur. J. Nutr. 2014, 54, 783–791.
Heaton, L.E.; Davis, J.K.; Rawson, E.S.; Nuccio, R.P.; Witard, O.C.; Stein, K.W.; Baar, K.; Carter, J.M.; Baker, L.B. Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 2201–2218.
Ficarra, S.; Di Raimondo, D.; Navarra, G.A.; Izadi, M.; Amato, A.; Macaluso, F.P.; Proia, P.; Musiari, G.; Buscemi, C.; Barile, A.M.; et al. Effects of Mediterranean Diet Combined with CrossFit Training on Trained Adults’ Performance and Body Composition. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1238.
Drobnic, F.; Storsve, A.B.; Burri, L.; Ding, Y.; Banquells, M.; Riera, J.; Björk, P.; Ferrer-Roca, V.; Domingo, J.C. Krill-Oil-Dependent Increases in HS-Omega-3 Index, Plasma Choline and Antioxidant Capacity in Well-Conditioned Power Training Athletes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4237.
Clifford, T.; Berntzen, B.; Davison, G.W.; West, D.J.; Howatson, G.; Stevenson, E.J. Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise. Nutrients 2016, 8, 506.
Hemmatinafar, M.; Zaremoayedi, L.; Jahromi, M.K.; Alvarez-Alvarado, S.; Wong, A.; Niknam, A.; Suzuki, K.; Imanian, B.; Bagheri, R. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3763.
Rojano-Ortega, D.; Amaro, J.P.; Berral-Aguilar, A.J.; la Rosa, F.J.B.-D. Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review. Sports Health A Multidiscip. Approach 2021, 14, 556–565.
Kraemer, W.J.; Ratamess, N.A.; Volek, J.S.; Häkkinen, K.; Rubin, M.R.; French, D.N.; Gómez, A.L.; McGuigan, M.R.; Scheett, T.P.; Newton, R.U.; et al. The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism 2006, 55, 282–291.
Correia, S.C.; Perry, G.; Moreira, P.I. Mitochondrial traffic jams in Alzheimer’s disease—Pinpointing the roadblocks. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis. 2016, 1862, 1909–1917.
Tan, R.; Price, K.M.; Wideen, L.E.; Lincoln, I.G.; Karl, S.T.; Seals, J.P.; Paniagua, K.K.; Hagen, D.W.; Tchaprazian, I.; Bailey, S.J.; et al. Dietary nitrate ingested with and without pomegranate supplementation does not improve resistance exercise performance. Front. Nutr. 2023, 10, 1217192.
Milioni, F.; de Poli, R.A.B.; Saunders, B.; Gualano, B.; da Rocha, A.L.; da Silva, A.S.R.; Muller, P.d.T.G.; Zagatto, A.M. Effect of β-alanine supplementation during high-intensity interval training on repeated sprint ability performance and neuromuscular fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 2019, 127, 1599–1610.
Malta, E.S.; Brisola, G.M.; de Poli, R.A.; Dutra, Y.M.; Franchini, E.; Zagatto, A.M. Metabolic Profile and Performance Responses During Two Consecutive Sessions of Sprint Interval Training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2020, 34, 1078–1085.
Willett, W.; Rockström, J.; Loken, B.; Springmann, M.; Lang, T.; Vermeulen, S.; Garnett, T.; Tilman, D.; DeClerck, F.; Wood, A.; et al. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 2019, 393, 447–492.
Mozaffarian, D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation 2016, 133, 187–225.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2749.
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration; Kocarnik, J.M.; Compton, K.; Dean, F.E.; Fu, W.; Gaw, B.L.; Harvey, J.D.; Henrikson, H.J.; Lu, D.; Pennini, A.; et al. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2022, 8, 420–444.
Wu, G. Dietary protein intake and human health. Food Funct. 2016, 7, 1251–1265.
Sebastiani, G.; Herranz Barbero, A.; Borrás-Novell, C.; Alsina Casanova, M.; Aldecoa-Bilbao, V.; Andreu-Fernández, V.; Pascual Tutusaus, M.; Ferrero Martínez, S.; Gómez Roig, M.D.; García-Algar, O. The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients 2019, 11, 557.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Ramos-Campo, D.J.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3809.
Ferrari, L.; Panaite, S.-A.; Bertazzo, A.; Visioli, F. Animal- and Plant-Based Protein Sources: A Scoping Review of Human Health Outcomes and Environmental Impact. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5115.
Diab, A.; Dastmalchi, L.N.; Gulati, M.; Michos, E.D. A Heart-Healthy Diet for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Where Are We Now? Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 2023, 19, 237–253.
Key, T.J.; Bradbury, K.E.; Perez-Cornago, A.; Sinha, R.; Tsilidis, K.K.; Tsugane, S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: What do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ 2020, 368, m511, Correction in 2020, 368, m996.
Gardeazabal, I.; Romanos-Nanclares, A.; Martínez-González, M.; Castelló, A.; Sánchez-Bayona, R.; Pérez-Gómez, B.; Razquin, C.; Aramendia-Beitia, J.; Pollán, M.; Toledo, E. Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower incidence of premenopausal breast cancer in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. PhotoniX 2020, 23, 3148–3159.
Grajek, M.; Krupa-Kotara, K.; Białek-Dratwa, A.; Sobczyk, K.; Grot, M.; Kowalski, O.; Sta´skiewicz, W. Nutrition and Mental Health: A Review of Current Knowledge about the Impact of Diet on Mental Health. Front. Nutr. 2022, 9, 943998.
Taylor, A.M.; Holscher, H.D. A Review of Dietary and Microbial Connections to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Nutr. Neurosci. 2020, 23, 237–250.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3106.
Godos, J.; Currenti, W.; Angelino, D.; Mena, P.; Castellano, S.; Caraci, F.; Galvano, F.; Del Rio, D.; Ferri, R.; Grosso, G. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 346.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Ramos-Campo, D.J.; Belinchón-Demiguel, P.; Martinez-Guardado, I.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2488.
Hossain, S.; Beydoun, M.A.; Weiss, J.; Kuczmarski, M.F.; Evans, M.K.; Zonderman, A.B. Longitudinal associations between dietary quality and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk on cognitive performance among African American adults. Br. J. Nutr. 2020, 124, 1264–1276.
Román, G.C.; Jackson, R.E.; Gadhia, R.; Román, A.N.; Reis, J. Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev. Neurol. 2019, 175, 724–741.
George, S.M.; Alfano, C.M.; Neuhouser, M.L.; Smith, A.W.; Baumgartner, R.N.; Baumgartner, K.B.; Bernstein, L.; Ballard-Barbash, R. Better postdiagnosis diet quality is associated with less cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. J. Cancer Surviv. 2014, 8, 680–687
Xu, N.; An, Q. Correlation between dietary score and depression in cancer patients: Data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Front. Psychol. 2022, 13, 978913.
Kasparian, M.; Mann, G.; Serrano, E.L.; Farris, A.R. Parenting practices toward food and children’s behavior: Eating away from home versus at home. Appetite 2017, 114, 194–199.
Peters, J.; Parletta, N.; Campbell, K.; Lynch, J. Parental influences on the diets of 2- to 5-year-old children: Systematic review of qualitative research. J. Early Child. Res. 2014, 12, 3–19.
Romanos-Nanclares, A.; Zazpe, I.; Santiago, S.; Marín, L.; Rico-Campà, A.; Martín-Calvo, N. Influence of Parental Healthy-Eating Attitudes and Nutritional Knowledge on Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality among Preschoolers: The SENDO Project. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1875.
Koivuniemi, E.; Gustafsson, J.; Mäkelä, I.; Koivisto, V.J.; Vahlberg, T.; Schwab, U.; Niinikoski, H.; Laitinen, K. Parental and Child Factors Associated With 2- to 6-Year-Old Children’s Diet Quality in Finland. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2022, 122, 129–138.e4.
Hartigh, R.J.R.D.; Meerhoff, L.R.A.; Van Yperen, N.W.; Neumann, N.D.; Brauers, J.J.; Frencken, W.G.P.; Emerencia, A.; Hill, Y.; Platvoet, S.; Atzmueller, M.; et al. Resilience in sports: A multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2022.
Vasiloglou, M.F.; Fletcher, J.; Poulia, K.-A. Challenges and Perspectives in Nutritional Counselling and Nursing: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1489.
Walsh, N.P. Nutrition and Athlete Immune Health: New Perspectives on an Old Paradigm. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 153–168.
Jonvik, K.L.; King, M.; Rollo, I.; Stellingwerff, T.; Pitsiladis, Y. New Opportunities to Advance the Field of Sports Nutrition. Front. Sports Act. Living 2022, 4, 852230.
Viecelli, C.; Ewald, C.Y. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. Front. Aging 2022, 3, 1005848.
Wackerhage, H.; Schoenfeld, B.J. Personalized, Evidence-Informed Training Plans and Exercise Prescriptions for Performance, Fitness and Health. Sports Med. 2021, 51, 1805–1813.
Sánchez-Díaz, S.; Yanci, J.; Castillo, D.; Scanlan, A.T.; Raya-González, J. Effects of Nutrition Education Interventions in Team Sport Players. A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3664.
Wijaya, O.G.M.; Meiliana, M.; Lestari, Y.N. The Importance of Nutritional Knowledge for Food Intake Optimalization on Football Athletes. Nutrizione 2021, 1, 22–33.
Gibson, S.; Adamski, M.; Blumfield, M.; Dart, J.; Murgia, C.; Volders, E.; Truby, H. Promoting Evidence Based Nutrition Education Across the World in a Competitive Space: Delivering a Massive Open Online Course. Nutrients 2020, 12, 344.
Bacon, C.E.W.; Lacy, A.M.P.; Lam, K.C. Knowledge Translation in Athletic Training: Considerations for Bridging the Knowledgeto-Practice Gap. J. Athl. Train. 2021, 56, 1165–1172.
Thompson, F.; Rongen, F.; Cowburn, I.; Till, K. The Impacts of Sports Schools on Holistic Athlete Development: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2022, 52, 1879–1917.
Frevel, N.; Beiderbeck, D.; Schmidt, S.L. The impact of technology on sports—A prospective study. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2022, 182, 121838.
Ponti, F.; Plazzi, A.; Guglielmi, G.; Marchesini, G.; Bazzocchi, A. Body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and obesity: The paradigm of fat (re)distribution. BJR Case Rep. 2019, 5, 20170078.
Dijkstra, H.P.; Pollock, N.; Chakraverty, R.; Alonso, J.M. Managing the health of the elite athlete: A new integrated performance health management and coaching model. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014, 48, 523–531.
Dashti, H.S.; Scheer, F.A.J.L.; Saxena, R.; Garaulet, M. Timing of Food Intake: Identifying Contributing Factors to Design Effective Interventions. Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J. 2019, 10, 606–620.
Zoorob, R.; Parrish, M.-E.E.; O’hara, H.; Kalliny, M. Sports Nutrition Needs. Prim. Care Clin. Off. Pr. 2013, 40, 475–486.
Meyer, N.L.; Reguant-Closa, A.; Nemecek, T. Sustainable Diets for Athletes. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2020, 9, 147–162.
Harty, P.S.; Cottet, M.L.; Malloy, J.K.; Kerksick, C.M. Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Brief Review. Sports Med.-Open 2019, 5, 1.
Khan, A. Effects of Anxiety on Athletic Performance. Res. Investig. Sports Med. 2017, 1, 2.
Zhang, D.; Lee, E.K.P.; Mak, E.C.W.; Ho, C.Y.; Wong, S.Y.S. Mindfulness-based interventions: An overall review. Br. Med. Bull. 2021, 138, 41–57.
Firth, J.; E Gangwisch, J.; Borisini, A.; E Wootton, R.; Mayer, E.A. Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ 2020, 369, m2382.
Clark, A.; Mach, N. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: A systematic review for athletes. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2016, 13, 43.
Smith, J.J.; Eather, N.; Morgan, P.J.; Plotnikoff, R.C.; Faigenbaum, A.D.; Lubans, D.R. The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 1209–1223.
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 32
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationissue.none.fl_str_mv 4
dc.relation.citationvolume.none.fl_str_mv 16
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 32 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.publisher.place.none.fl_str_mv Switzerland
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/4/571
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fca76bb5-922e-48fd-a85b-ba7f8bdf3334/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a9944830-7bdb-4597-b90e-b6133cfcca3c/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/51203172-1118-42f0-b0cc-ebb3d9f37c44/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bf7dbbe2-444c-419e-bda5-21efe6f3d014/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 5c4b80da4bf00707d5f1e0dd02840404
73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683
cbb5791c0ed39754e426df941fcde914
dbf16e3eb26c0ec98ec117603ef74b69
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760746274488320
spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Martín-Rodríguez, AlexandraBelinchón-deMiguel, PedroRubio-Zarapuz, AlejandroTornero-Aguilera, Jose FranciscoMartínez-Guardado, IsmaelVillanueva-Tobaldo, Carlota ValeriaClemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier2024-09-23T20:39:28Z2024-09-23T20:39:28Z2024-02-19Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Belinchón-deMiguel, P.; Rubio-Zarapuz, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Villanueva-Tobaldo, C.V.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Advances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes. Nutrients 2024, 16, 571. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16040571https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1335910.3390/nu160405712072-6643The dietary practices of athletes play a crucial role in shaping their body composition, influencing sports performance, training adaptations, and overall health. However, despite the widely acknowledged significance of dietary intake in athletic success, there exists a gap in our understanding of the intricate relationships between nutrition, body composition, and performance. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that many athletes fail to adopt optimal nutritional practices, which can impede their potential achievements. In response, this Special Issue seeks to gather research papers that delve into athletes’ dietary practices and their potential impacts on body composition and sports performance. Additionally, studies focusing on interventions aimed at optimizing dietary habits are encouraged. This paper outlines the key aspects and points that will be developed in the ensuing articles of this Special Issue.32 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/4/571Advances in understanding the interplay between dietary practices, body composition, and sports performance in athletesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85NutrientsSun, W. Sports Performance Prediction Based on Chaos Theory and Machine Learning. Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2022, 2022, 3916383. [CrossRef]Malsagova, K.A.; Kopylov, A.T.; Sinitsyna, A.A.; Stepanov, A.A.; Izotov, A.A.; Butkova, T.V.; Chingin, K.; Klyuchnikov, M.S.; Kaysheva, A.L. Sports Nutrition: Diets, Selection Factors, Recommendations. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3771Behl, T.; Kaur, I.; Sehgal, A.; Singh, S.; Albarrati, A.; Albratty, M.; Najmi, A.; Meraya, A.M.; Bungau, S. The road to precision medicine: Eliminating the “One Size Fits All” approach in Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2022, 153, 113337.Campa, F.; Toselli, S.; Mazzilli, M.; Gobbo, L.A.; Coratella, G. Assessment of Body Composition in Athletes: A Narrative Review of Available Methods with Special Reference to Quantitative and Qualitative Bioimpedance Analysis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1620.Lukaski, H.; Raymond-Pope, C.J. New Frontiers of Body Composition in Sport. Int. J. Sport. Med. 2021, 42, 588–601.Heydenreich, J.; Kayser, B.; Schutz, Y.; Melzer, K. Total Energy Expenditure, Energy Intake, and Body Composition in Endurance Athletes Across the Training Season: A Systematic Review. Sports Med.-Open 2017, 3, 8.Janiczak, A.; Devlin, B.L.; Forsyth, A.; Trakman, G.L. A systematic review update of athletes’ nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake. Br. J. Nutr. 2021, 128, 1156–1169.Moreau, D.; Wiebels, K. Assessing Change in Intervention Research: The Benefits of Composite Outcomes. Adv. Methods Pr. Psychol. Sci. 2021, 4, 2515245920931930.Mujika, I.; Halson, S.; Burke, L.M.; Balagué, G.; Farrow, D. An Integrated, Multifactorial Approach to Periodization for Optimal Performance in Individual and Team Sports. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2018, 13, 538–561.Birkenhead, K.L.; Slater, G. A Review of Factors Influencing Athletes’ Food Choices. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 1511–1522.Beck, K.L.; Thomson, J.S.; Swift, R.J.; von Hurst, P.R. Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery. Open Access J. Sports Med. 2015, 6, 259–267.Bentley, M.R.; Mitchell, N.; Backhouse, S.H. Sports nutrition interventions: A systematic review of behavioural strategies used to promote dietary behaviour change in athletes. Appetite 2020, 150, 104645.Alghannam, A.F.; Ghaith, M.M.; Alhussain, M.H. Regulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 4963.Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Hirsch, K.R.; Saylor, H.E.; Gould, L.M.; Blue, M.N.M. Nutritional Considerations and Strategies to Facilitate Injury Recovery and Rehabilitation. J. Athl. Train. 2020, 55, 918–930.Freire, R. Scientific evidence of diets for weight loss: Different macronutrient composition, intermittent fasting, and popular diets. Nutrition 2019, 69, 110549.Runacres, A.; Mackintosh, K.A.; McNarry, M.A. Health Consequences of an Elite Sporting Career: Long-Term Detriment or Long-Term Gain? A Meta-Analysis of 165,000 Former Athletes. Sports Med. 2020, 51, 289–301.Knechtle, B.; Wirth, A.; Baumann, B.; Knechtle, P.; Rosemann, T.; Oliver, S. Differential Correlations Between Anthropometry, Training Volume, and Performance in Male and Female Ironman Triathletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 2785–2793.Legaz, A.; Eston, R. Changes in performance, skinfold thicknesses, and fat patterning after three years of intense athletic conditioning in high level runners. Br. J. Sports Med. 2005, 39, 851–856.Beattie, K.; Carson, B.P.; Lyons, M.; Rossiter, A.; Kenny, I.C. The Effect of Strength Training on Performance Indicators in Distance Runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2017, 31, 9–23.Menaspà, P.; Quod, M.; Martin, D.T.; Peiffer, J.J.; Abbiss, C.R. Physical Demands of Sprinting in Professional Road Cycling. Int. J. Sports Med. 2015, 36, 1058–1062.Sharp, R.L.; Troup, J.P.; Costill, D.L. Relationship between power and sprint freestyle swimming. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982, 14, 53–56.Seitz, L.B.; Reyes, A.; Tran, T.T.; de Villarreal, E.S.; Haff, G.G. Increases in Lower-Body Strength Transfer Positively to Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 1693–1702.Egan, B.; Zierath, J.R. Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation. Cell Metab. 2013, 17, 162–184.Mero, A.; Komi, P.V.; Gregor, R.J. Biomechanics of Sprint Running. Sports Med. 1992, 13, 376–392.Boutcher, S.H. High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise and Fat Loss. J. Obes. 2010, 2011, 868305.Comfort, P.; Stewart, A.; Bloom, L.; Clarkson, B. Relationships between Strength, Sprint, and Jump Performance in Well-Trained Youth Soccer Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2014, 28, 173–177.Stone, M.H.; Moir, G.; Glaister, M.; Sanders, R. How much strength is necessary? Phys. Ther. Sport 2002, 3, 88–96.Zaras, N.D.; Stasinaki, A.-N.E.; Methenitis, S.K.; Krase, A.A.; Karampatsos, G.P.; Georgiadis, G.V.; Spengos, K.M.; Terzis, G.D. Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Young Competitive Track and Field Throwers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016, 30, 81–92.Grout, A.; McClave, S.A.; Jampolis, M.B.; Krueger, K.; Hurt, R.T.; Landes, S.; Kiraly, L. Basic Principles of Sports Nutrition. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2016, 5, 213–222.Potgieter, S. Sport nutrition: A review of the latest guidelines for exercise and sport nutrition from the American College of Sport Nutrition, the International Olympic Committee and the International Society for Sports Nutrition. S. Afr. J. Clin. Nutr. 2013, 26, 6–16.Phillips, S.M.; van Loon, L.J. Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. J. Sports Sci. 2011, 29 (Suppl. S1), S29–S38.Sims, S.T.; Kerksick, C.M.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; de Jonge, X.A.J.; Hirsch, K.R.; Arent, S.M.; Hewlings, S.J.; Kleiner, S.M.; Bustillo, E.; Tartar, J.L.; et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutritional concerns of the female athlete. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2023, 20, 2204066.Negro, M.; Rucci, S.; Buonocore, D.; Focarelli, A.; Marzatico, F. Sports Nutrition Science: An Essential Overview. Prog. Nutr. 2013, 15, 3–30.Bryngelsson, S.; Moshtaghian, H.; Bianchi, M.; Hallström, E. Nutritional assessment of plant-based meat analogues on the Swedish market. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022, 73, 889–901.Jimenez-Morcillo, J.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population. Nutrients 2024, 16, 104.Miller, F.; McGrowder, D.A.; Vaz, K.; McLean-Miller, K. Are Dietary Supplements, Harmful or Good for Athletes? J. Sports Phys. Educ. Stud. 2022, 2, 10–20.Tipton, K.D.; Jeukendrup, A.E.; Hespel, P. Nutrition for the sprinter. J. Sports Sci. 2007, 25, S5–S15.Slater, G.J.; Sygo, J.; Jorgensen, M. SPRINTING... Dietary Approaches to Optimize Training Adaptation and Performance. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 85–94.Tessari, P.; Lante, A.; Mosca, G. Essential amino acids: Master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint? Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 26074.Martínez-Sanz, J.M.; Urdampilleta, A. Necesidades nutricionales y planificación dietética en deportes de fuerza. Mot. Eur. J. Hum. Mov. 2012, 29, 95–114.McLain, T.A.; Escobar, K.A.; Kerksick, C.M. Protein Applications in Sports Nutrition—Part I: Requirements, Quality, Source, and Optimal Dose. Strength Cond. J. 2015, 37, 61–71.Arciero, P.J.; Miller, V.J.; Ward, E. Performance Enhancing Diets and the PRISE Protocol to Optimize Athletic Performance. J. Nutr. Metab. 2015, 2015, 715859.Sygo, J.; Glass, A.K.; Killer, S.C.; Stellingwerff, T. Fueling for the Field: Nutrition for Jumps, Throws, and Combined Events. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 95–105.Wiewelhove, T.; Döweling, A.; Schneider, C.; Hottenrott, L.; Meyer, T.; Kellmann, M.; Pfeiffer, M.; Ferrauti, A. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Foam Rolling on Performance and Recovery. Front. Physiol. 2019, 10, 376.Burke, L.M.; Slater, G.; Broad, E.M.; Haukka, J.; Modulon, S.; Hopkins, W.G. Eating Patterns and Meal Frequency of Elite Australian Athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2003, 13, 521–538.Smith, J.W.; Holmes, M.E.; McAllister, M.J. Nutritional Considerations for Performance in Young Athletes. J. Sports Med. 2015, 2015, 734649.Eck, K.M.; Byrd-Bredbenner, C. Food Choice Decisions of Collegiate Division I Athletes: A Qualitative Exploratory Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2322.Heather, A.K.; Thorpe, H.; Ogilvie, M.; Sims, S.T.; Beable, S.; Milsom, S.; Schofield, K.L.; Coleman, L.; Hamilton, B. Biological and Socio-Cultural Factors Have the Potential to Influence the Health and Performance of Elite Female Athletes: A Cross Sectional Survey of 219 Elite Female Athletes in Aotearoa New Zealand. Front. Sports Act. Living 2021, 3, 601420.Sta´skiewicz, W.; Grochowska-Niedworok, E.; Zydek, G.; Grajek, M.; Krupa-Kotara, K.; Białek-Dratwa, A.; Jaruga-S˛ekowska, S.; Kowalski, O.; Kardas, M. The Assessment of Body Composition and Nutritional Awareness of Football Players According to Age. Nutrients 2023, 15, 705.Beals, K.A.; Mitchell, A. Recent Recommendations and Current Controversies in Sport Nutrition. Am. J. Lifestyle Med. 2013, 9, 288–297.Purcell, L.; Society, C.P. Paediatric Sports and Exercise Medicine Section Sport nutrition for young athletes. Paediatr. Child Health 2013, 18, 200–202.Rodriguez, N.R.; DiMarco, N.M.; Langley, S.; American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2009, 109, 509–527.Cole, C.R.; Salvaterra, G.F.; Davis, J.E.; Borja, M.E.; Powell, L.M.; Dubbs, E.C.; Bordi, P.L. Evaluation of Dietary Practices of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2005, 19, 490–494.Masoga, S.; Maja, M.T.; Matsepane, M.P.; Sethemane, S.C. Dietary practices of soccer athletes registered at the University of Limpopo, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Sport Sci. Health 2021, 18, 171–178.Jusoh, N.; Lee, J.L.F.; Tengah, R.Y.; Azmi, S.H.; Suherman, A. Association between nutrition knowledge and nutrition practice among Malaysian adolescent handball athletes. Malays. J. Nutr. 2021, 27, 279–291.Trakman, G.L.; Forsyth, A.; Devlin, B.L.; Belski, R. A Systematic Review of Athletes’ and Coaches’ Nutrition Knowledge and Reflections on the Quality of Current Nutrition Knowledge Measures. Nutrients 2016, 8, 570.Werner, E.N.; Guadagni, A.J.; Pivarnik, J.M. Assessment of nutrition knowledge in division I college athletes. J. Am. Coll. Heath. 2022, 70, 248–255.Jagim, A.R.; Fields, J.B.; Magee, M.; Kerksick, C.; Luedke, J.; Erickson, J.; Jones, M.T. The Influence of Sport Nutrition Knowledge on Body Composition and Perceptions of Dietary Requirements in Collegiate Athletes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2239.Magee, M.K.; Lockard, B.L.; Zabriskie, H.A.; Schaefer, A.Q.; Luedke, J.A.; Erickson, J.L.; Jones, M.T.; Jagim, A.R. Prevalence of Low Energy Availability in Collegiate Women Soccer Athletes. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2020, 5, 96.Laska, M.N.; Hearst, M.O.; Lust, K.; Lytle, L.A.; Story, M. How we eat what we eat: Identifying meal routines and practices most strongly associated with healthy and unhealthy dietary factors among young adults. PhotoniX 2015, 18, 2135–2145. [Chen, P.-J.; Antonelli, M. Conceptual Models of Food Choice: Influential Factors Related to Foods, Individual Differences, and Society. Foods 2020, 9, 1898.Lo, Y.-T.; Chang, Y.-H.; Lee, M.-S.; Wahlqvist, M.L. Health and nutrition economics: Diet costs are associated with diet quality. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 18, 598–604.Khanna, S.K. Cultural Influences on Food: Dietary and Health Implications. Ecol. Food Nutr. 2021, 60, 633–635.Mingay, E.; Hart, M.; Yoong, S.; Hure, A. Why We Eat the Way We Do: A Call to Consider Food Culture in Public Health Initiatives. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11967.Monterrosa, E.C.; Frongillo, E.A.; Drewnowski, A.; De Pee, S.; Vandevijvere, S. Sociocultural Influences on Food Choices and Implications for Sustainable Healthy Diets. Food Nutr. Bull. 2020, 41 (Suppl. S2), 59S–73S.Fan, S. Economics in food systems transformation. Nat. Food 2021, 2, 218–219.Folkvord, F.; Roes, E.; Bevelander, K. Promoting healthy foods in the new digital era on Instagram: An experimental study on the effect of a popular real versus fictitious fit influencer on brand attitude and purchase intentions. BMC Public Health 2020, 20, 1677Miller, K.B.; Eckberg, J.O.; Decker, E.A.; Marinangeli, C.P.F. Role of Food Industry in Promoting Healthy and Sustainable Diets. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2740.Schneiderman, N.; Ironson, G.; Siegel, S.D. Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 2005, 1, 607–628.Meule, A. The Psychology of Food Cravings: The Role of Food Deprivation. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2020, 9, 251–257.Esposito, C.M.; Ceresa, A.; Buoli, M. The Association between Personality Traits and Dietary Choices: A Systematic Review. Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J. 2021, 12, 1149–1159.Enriquez, J.P.; Archila-Godinez, J.C. Social and cultural influences on food choices: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2022, 62, 3698–3704Segar, M. The Joy Choice: How to Finally Achieve Lasting Changes in Eating and Exercise; Hachette Go: London, UK, 2022; ISBN 978-0-306-82609-2.Reyes, L.I.; Constantinides, S.V.; Bhandari, S.; Frongillo, E.A.; Schreinemachers, P.; Wertheim-Heck, S.; Walls, H.; Holdsworth, M.; Laar, A.; Nguyen, T.; et al. Actions in global nutrition initiatives to promote sustainable healthy diets. Glob. Food Secur. 2021, 31, 100585.Lin, L.P.; Dali, W.P.E.W. The Impact of Nutrition Education Interventions on the Dietary Habits of College Students in Developed Nations: A Brief Review. Malays. J. Med. Sci. 2012, 19, 4.Castres, P. Informed Food Choices for Healthier Consumers. Eur. Consum. Organ. 2015, 32, 9505781573Mazzù, M.F.; Romani, S.; Marozzo, V.; Giambarresi, A.; Baccelloni, A. Improving the understanding of key nutritional elements to support healthier and more informed food choices: The effect of front-of-pack label bundles. Nutrition 2023, 105, 111849.Verma, M.; Hontecillas, R.; Tubau-Juni, N.; Abedi, V.; Bassaganya-Riera, J. Challenges in Personalized Nutrition and Health. Front. Nutr. 2018, 5, 117.Ordovas, J.M.; Berciano, S. Personalized nutrition and healthy aging. Nutr. Rev. 2020, 78, 58–65.Holtzman, B.; Ackerman, K.E. Recommendations and Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes: Health and Performance. Sports Med. 2021, 51, 43–57.Guest, N.S.; Horne, J.; Vanderhout, S.M.; El-Sohemy, A. Sport Nutrigenomics: Personalized Nutrition for Athletic Performance. Front. Nutr. 2019, 6, 8.Willis, E.A.; Szabo-Reed, A.N.; Ptomey, L.T.; Honas, J.J.; Steger, F.L.; Washburn, R.A.; Donnelly, J.E. Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Group-Based High-Intensity Functional Training: A Brief Report. J. Phys. Act. Health 2019, 16, 470–476.Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Fernández-Lázaro, D. Nutrition and Muscle Recovery. Nutrients 2021, 13, 294.Saunders, P.U.; Garvican-Lewis, L.A.; Chapman, R.F.; Périard, J.D. Special Environments: Altitude and Heat. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 210–219.Murray, R. Rehydration Strategies—Balancing Substrate, Fluid, and Electrolyte Provision. Int. J. Sports Med. 1998, 19, S133–S135.Viscor, G.; Corominas, J.; Carceller, A. Nutrition and Hydration for High-Altitude Alpinism: A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3186.Salmón-Gómez, L.; Catalán, V.; Frühbeck, G.; Gómez-Ambrosi, J. Relevance of body composition in phenotyping the obesities. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2023, 24, 809–823.Kirk, D.; Catal, C.; Tekinerdogan, B. Precision nutrition: A systematic literature review. Comput. Biol. Med. 2021, 133, 104365.Pelly, F.E.; Thurecht, R.L.; Slater, G. Determinants of Food Choice in Athletes: A Systematic Scoping Review. Sports Med.—Open 2022, 8, 77.Spiering, B.A.; Mujika, I.; Sharp, M.A.; Foulis, S.A. Maintaining Physical Performance: The Minimal Dose of Exercise Needed to Preserve Endurance and Strength Over Time. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2021, 35, 1449–1458.Mujika, I.; Stellingwerff, T.; Tipton, K. Nutrition and Training Adaptations in Aquatic Sports. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2014, 24, 414–424.Jeukendrup, A.E. Periodized Nutrition for Athletes. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 51–63.Kerksick, C.M.; Arent, S.; Schoenfeld, B.J.; Stout, J.R.; Campbell, B.; Wilborn, C.D.; Taylor, L.; Kalman, D.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Kreider, R.B.; et al. International society of sports nutrition position stand: Nutrient timing. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2017, 14, 33.Stellingwerff, T.; Morton, J.P.; Burke, L.M. A Framework for Periodized Nutrition for Athletics. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2019, 29, 141–151.Hawley, J.A.; Burke, L.M.; Phillips, S.M.; Spriet, L.L. Nutritional modulation of training-induced skeletal muscle adaptations. J. Appl. Physiol. 2011, 110, 834–845.Close, G.; Hamilton, D.; Philp, A.; Burke, L.; Morton, J. New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 2016, 98, 144–158.Baar, K. Nutrition and the Adaptation to Endurance Training. Sports Med. 2014, 44 (Suppl. S1), S5–S12.Nikolaidis, P.T.; Veniamakis, E.; Rosemann, T.; Knechtle, B. Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1995Stellingwerff, T.; Peeling, P.; Garvican-Lewis, L.A.; Hall, R.; Koivisto, A.E.; Heikura, I.A.; Burke, L.M. Nutrition and Altitude: Strategies to Enhance Adaptation, Improve Performance and Maintain Health: A Narrative Review. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 169–184.Earnest, C.P.; Rothschild, J.; Harnish, C.R.; Naderi, A. Metabolic adaptations to endurance training and nutrition strategies influencing performance. Res. Sports Med. 2019, 27, 134–146.Sahlin, K. Muscle Energetics during Explosive Activities and Potential Effects of Nutrition and Training. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 167–173.Aedma, M.; Timpmann, S.; Lätt, E.; Ööpik, V. Short-term creatine supplementation has no impact on upper-body anaerobic power in trained wrestlers. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2015, 12, 45.Lancha Junior, A.H.; de Salles Painelli, V.; Saunders, B.; Artioli, G.G. Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity during High-Intensity Exercise. Sports Med. 2015, 45, 71–81.Naderi, A.; Earnest, C.P.; Lowery, R.P.; Wilson, J.M.; Willems, M.E.T. Co-ingestion of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids and HighIntensity Exercise Performance. Sports Med. 2016, 46, 1407–1418.Sousa, M.; Teixeira, V.H.; Soares, J. Dietary strategies to recover from exercise-induced muscle damage. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2014, 65, 151–163.Maughan, R.J.; Burke, L.M.; Dvorak, J.; Larson-Meyer, D.E.; Peeling, P.; Phillips, S.M.; Rawson, E.S.; Walsh, N.P.; Garthe, I.; Geyer, H.; et al. IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2018, 28, 104–125.Bonilla, D.A.; Pérez-Idárraga, A.; Odriozola-Martínez, A.; Kreider, R.B. The 4R’s Framework of Nutritional Strategies for PostExercise Recovery: A Review with Emphasis on New Generation of Carbohydrates. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 103.Wu, G.; Thompson, J.R. The effect of glutamine on protein turnover in chick skeletal muscle in vitro. Biochem. J. 1990, 265, 593–598.Street, B.; Byrne, C.; Eston, R. Glutamine Supplementation in Recovery from Eccentric Exercise Attenuates Strength Loss and Muscle Soreness. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2011, 9, 116–122.Legault, Z.; Bagnall, N.; Kimmerly, D.S. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2015, 25, 417–426.Córdova-Martínez, A.; Caballero-García, A.; Bello, H.J.; Pérez-Valdecantos, D.; Roche, E. Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Muscular Damage Biomarkers in Professional Basketball Players. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2073.Mieszkowski, J.; Borkowska, A.; Stankiewicz, B.; Kochanowicz, A.; Niespodzi´nski, B.; Surmiak, M.; Waldzi´nski, T.; Rola, R.; Petr, M.; Antosiewicz, J. Single High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation as an Approach for Reducing Ultramarathon-Induced Inflammation: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1280.Choi, M.; Park, H.; Cho, S.; Lee, M. Vitamin D3 supplementation modulates inflammatory responses from the muscle damage induced by high-intensity exercise in SD rats. Cytokine 2013, 63, 27–35.Minshull, C.; Biant, L.C.; Ralston, S.H.; Gleeson, N. A Systematic Review of the Role of Vitamin D on Neuromuscular Remodelling Following Exercise and Injury. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2015, 98, 426–437.Caballero-García, A.; Córdova-Martínez, A.; Vicente-Salar, N.; Roche, E.; Pérez-Valdecantos, D. Vitamin D, Its Role in Recovery after Muscular Damage Following Exercise. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2336.Jagim, A.; Kerksick, C. Creatine Supplementation in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2021, 13, 664.Fekri-Kourabbaslou, V.; Shams, S.; Amani-Shalamzari, S. Effect of different recovery modes during resistance training with blood flow restriction on hormonal levels and performance in young men: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci. Med. Rehabilitation 2022, 14, 47.Wax, B.; Kerksick, C.M.; Jagim, A.R.; Mayo, J.J.; Lyons, B.C.; Kreider, R.B. Creatine for Exercise and Sports Performance, with Recovery Considerations for Healthy Populations. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1915.Rawson, E.S.; Miles, M.P.; Larson-Meyer, D.E. Dietary Supplements for Health, Adaptation, and Recovery in Athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2018, 28, 188–199.Bendahan, D.; Mattei, J.P.; Ghattas, B.; Confort-Gouny, S.; Le Guern, M.E.; Cozzone, P.J. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002, 36, 282–289.Figueroa, A.; Wong, A.; Jaime, S.J.; Gonzales, J.U. Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 2017, 20, 92–98.Wax, B.; Kavazis, A.N.; Luckett, W. Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males. J. Diet. Suppl. 2016, 13, 269–282.Pérez-Guisado, J.; Jakeman, P.M. Citrulline Malate Enhances Athletic Anaerobic Performance and Relieves Muscle Soreness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2010, 24, 1215–1222.Da Silva, D.K.; Jacinto, J.L.; De Andrade, W.B.; Roveratti, M.C.; Estoche, J.M.; Balvedi, M.C.W.; De Oliveira, D.B.; Da Silva, R.A.; Aguiar, A.F. Citrulline Malate Does Not Improve Muscle Recovery after Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adult Men. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1132.Gough, L.A.; Sparks, S.A.; McNaughton, L.R.; Higgins, M.F.; Newbury, J.W.; Trexler, E.; Faghy, M.A.; Bridge, C.A. A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2021, 121, 3283–3295.Burd, N.A.; Tang, J.E.; Moore, D.R.; Phillips, S.M. Exercise training and protein metabolism: Influences of contraction, protein intake, and sex-based differences. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009, 106, 1692–1701.West, D.W.; Burd, N.A.; Coffey, V.G.; Baker, S.K.; Burke, L.M.; Hawley, J.A.; Moore, D.R.; Stellingwerff, T.; Phillips, S.M. Rapid aminoacidemia enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis and anabolic intramuscular signaling responses after resistance exercise. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 94, 795–803.Jäger, R.; Kerksick, C.M.; Campbell, B.I.; Cribb, P.J.; Wells, S.D.; Skwiat, T.M.; Purpura, M.; Ziegenfuss, T.N.; Ferrando, A.A.; Arent, S.M.; et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2017, 14, 20.West, D.W.D.; Sawan, S.A.; Mazzulla, M.; Williamson, E.; Moore, D.R. Whey Protein Supplementation Enhances Whole Body Protein Metabolism and Performance Recovery after Resistance Exercise: A Double-Blind Crossover Study. Nutrients 2017, 9, 735.Smriga, M. International Regulations on Amino Acid Use in Foods and Supplements and Recommendations to Control Their Safety Based on Purity and Quality. J. Nutr. 2020, 150, 2602S–2605S.Bedford, S. Recovery from Strenuous Exercise; Taylor & Francis: New York, NY, USA, 2022; ISBN 978-1-00-062318-5.Forbes, S.C.; Candow, D.G.; Smith-Ryan, A.E.; Hirsch, K.R.; Roberts, M.D.; VanDusseldorp, T.A.; Stratton, M.T.; Kaviani, M.; Little, J.P. Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations—A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 390.Thomas, D.T.; Erdman, K.A.; Burke, L.M. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016, 48, 3.Moore, D.R. Nutrition to Support Recovery from Endurance Exercise. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2015, 14, 294–300.Ivy, J.L. Glycogen Resynthesis after Exercise: Effect of Carbohydrate Intake. Int. J. Sports Med. 1998, 19, S142–S145.Viribay, A.; Arribalzaga, S.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Castañeda-Babarro, A.; Seco-Calvo, J.; Urdampilleta, A. Effects of 120 g/h of Carbohydrates Intake during a Mountain Marathon on Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Elite Runners. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1367.Loureiro, L.M.R.; Neto, E.d.S.; Molina, G.E.; Amato, A.A.; Arruda, S.F.; Reis, C.E.G.; da Costa, T.H.M. Coffee Increases PostExercise Muscle Glycogen Recovery in Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3335.Ferraris, R.P.; Choe, J.-Y.; Patel, C.R. Intestinal Absorption of Fructose. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2018, 38, 41–67.Francey, C.; Cros, J.; Rosset, R.; Crézé, C.; Rey, V.; Stefanoni, N.; Schneiter, P.; Tappy, L.; Seyssel, K. The extra-splanchnic fructose escape after ingestion of a fructose–glucose drink: An exploratory study in healthy humans using a dual fructose isotope method. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 2018, 29, 125–132.Gonzalez, J.T.; Betts, J.A. Dietary Fructose Metabolism by Splanchnic Organs: Size Matters. Cell Metab. 2018, 27, 483–485.Fuchs, C.J.; Gonzalez, J.T.; van Loon, L.J.C. Fructose co-ingestion to increase carbohydrate availability in athletes. J. Physiol. 2019, 597, 3549–3560.Jäger, S.; Handschin, C.; St.-Pierre, J.; Spiegelman, B.M. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1alpha. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 12017–12022.Churchward-Venne, T.A.; Pinckaers, P.J.M.; Smeets, J.S.J.; Betz, M.W.; Senden, J.M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; Gijsen, A.P.; Rollo, I.; Verdijk, L.B.; Van Loon, L.J.C. Dose-response effects of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis during recovery from endurance exercise in young men: A double-blind randomized trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020, 112, 303–317.Holwerda, A.M.; Paulussen, K.J.M.; Overkamp, M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; Kramer, I.F.; Wodzig, W.K.W.H.; Verdijk, L.B.; van Loon, L.J.C. Dose-Dependent Increases in Whole-Body Net Protein Balance and Dietary Protein-Derived Amino Acid Incorporation into Myofibrillar Protein During Recovery from Resistance Exercise in Older Men. J. Nutr. 2019, 149, 221–230.Kritikos, S.; Papanikolaou, K.; Draganidis, D.; Poulios, A.; Georgakouli, K.; Tsimeas, P.; Tzatzakis, T.; Batsilas, D.; Batrakoulis, A.; Deli, C.K.; et al. Effect of whey vs. soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players: A randomized controlled trial. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2021, 18, 23.Trommelen, J.; van Lieshout, G.A.A.; Pabla, P.; Nyakayiru, J.; Hendriks, F.K.; Senden, J.M.; Goessens, J.P.B.; van Kranenburg, J.M.X.; Gijsen, A.P.; Verdijk, L.B.; et al. Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sports Med. 2023, 53, 1445–1455.VanDusseldorp, T.A.; Escobar, K.A.; Johnson, K.E.; Stratton, M.T.; Moriarty, T.; Cole, N.; McCormick, J.J.; Kerksick, C.M.; Vaughan, R.A.; Dokladny, K.; et al. Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Recovery Following Acute Eccentric Exercise. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1389.Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Bustamante-Sanchez, Á.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Martínez-Guardado, I.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Antioxidants and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2371.Levers, K.; Dalton, R.; Galvan, E.; O’connor, A.; Goodenough, C.; Simbo, S.; Mertens-Talcott, S.U.; Rasmussen, C.; Greenwood, M.; Riechman, S.; et al. Effects of powdered Montmorency tart cherry supplementation on acute endurance exercise performance in aerobically trained individuals. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2016, 13, 22.Bowtell, J.; Kelly, V. Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 3–23.Dominguez-Balmaseda, D.; Diez-Vega, I.; Larrosa, M.; San Juan, A.F.; Issaly, N.; Moreno-Pérez, D.; Burgos, S.; Sillero-Quintana, M.; Gonzalez, C.; Bas, A.; et al. Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front. Physiol. 2020, 11, 826.Lee, Y.; Jung, J.-C.; Jang, S.; Kim, J.; Ali, Z.; Khan, I.A.; Oh, S. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Constituents Isolated from Rhodiola rosea. Evidence-Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2013, 2013, 514049.Salve, J.; Pate, S.; Debnath, K.; Langade, D. Adaptogenic and Anxiolytic Effects of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study. Cureus 2019, 11, e6466.McGlory, C.; Devries, M.C.; Phillips, S.M.; Goodman, C.A.; van der Zwaard, S.; Brocherie, F.; Kom, B.L.G.; Millet, G.P.; Deldicque, L.; van der Laarse, W.J.; et al. Skeletal muscle and resistance exercise training; the role of protein synthesis in recovery and remodeling. J. Appl. Physiol. 2017, 122, 541–548.Fabre, M.; Mathieu, B.; Tiollier, E.; Leduc, C.; Clauss, M.; Marchand, A.; Robineau, J.; Piscione, J.; Serenari, T.; Brasy, J.; et al. Effects of Native Whey Protein and Carbohydrate Supplement on Physical Performance and Plasma Markers of Muscle Damage and Inflammation during a Simulated Rugby Sevens Tournament: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4780.Abreu, R.; Oliveira, C.B.; Costa, J.A.; Brito, J.; Teixeira, V.H. Effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players: A systematic review. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2023, 20, 2236060.Jówko, E.; Długoł˛ecka, B.; Makaruk, B.; Cie´sli ´nski, I. The effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress parameters in male sprinters. Eur. J. Nutr. 2014, 54, 783–791.Heaton, L.E.; Davis, J.K.; Rawson, E.S.; Nuccio, R.P.; Witard, O.C.; Stein, K.W.; Baar, K.; Carter, J.M.; Baker, L.B. Selected In-Season Nutritional Strategies to Enhance Recovery for Team Sport Athletes: A Practical Overview. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 2201–2218.Ficarra, S.; Di Raimondo, D.; Navarra, G.A.; Izadi, M.; Amato, A.; Macaluso, F.P.; Proia, P.; Musiari, G.; Buscemi, C.; Barile, A.M.; et al. Effects of Mediterranean Diet Combined with CrossFit Training on Trained Adults’ Performance and Body Composition. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1238.Drobnic, F.; Storsve, A.B.; Burri, L.; Ding, Y.; Banquells, M.; Riera, J.; Björk, P.; Ferrer-Roca, V.; Domingo, J.C. Krill-Oil-Dependent Increases in HS-Omega-3 Index, Plasma Choline and Antioxidant Capacity in Well-Conditioned Power Training Athletes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 4237.Clifford, T.; Berntzen, B.; Davison, G.W.; West, D.J.; Howatson, G.; Stevenson, E.J. Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise. Nutrients 2016, 8, 506.Hemmatinafar, M.; Zaremoayedi, L.; Jahromi, M.K.; Alvarez-Alvarado, S.; Wong, A.; Niknam, A.; Suzuki, K.; Imanian, B.; Bagheri, R. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3763.Rojano-Ortega, D.; Amaro, J.P.; Berral-Aguilar, A.J.; la Rosa, F.J.B.-D. Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review. Sports Health A Multidiscip. Approach 2021, 14, 556–565.Kraemer, W.J.; Ratamess, N.A.; Volek, J.S.; Häkkinen, K.; Rubin, M.R.; French, D.N.; Gómez, A.L.; McGuigan, M.R.; Scheett, T.P.; Newton, R.U.; et al. The effects of amino acid supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance training overreaching. Metabolism 2006, 55, 282–291.Correia, S.C.; Perry, G.; Moreira, P.I. Mitochondrial traffic jams in Alzheimer’s disease—Pinpointing the roadblocks. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Mol. Basis Dis. 2016, 1862, 1909–1917.Tan, R.; Price, K.M.; Wideen, L.E.; Lincoln, I.G.; Karl, S.T.; Seals, J.P.; Paniagua, K.K.; Hagen, D.W.; Tchaprazian, I.; Bailey, S.J.; et al. Dietary nitrate ingested with and without pomegranate supplementation does not improve resistance exercise performance. Front. Nutr. 2023, 10, 1217192.Milioni, F.; de Poli, R.A.B.; Saunders, B.; Gualano, B.; da Rocha, A.L.; da Silva, A.S.R.; Muller, P.d.T.G.; Zagatto, A.M. Effect of β-alanine supplementation during high-intensity interval training on repeated sprint ability performance and neuromuscular fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol. 2019, 127, 1599–1610.Malta, E.S.; Brisola, G.M.; de Poli, R.A.; Dutra, Y.M.; Franchini, E.; Zagatto, A.M. Metabolic Profile and Performance Responses During Two Consecutive Sessions of Sprint Interval Training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2020, 34, 1078–1085.Willett, W.; Rockström, J.; Loken, B.; Springmann, M.; Lang, T.; Vermeulen, S.; Garnett, T.; Tilman, D.; DeClerck, F.; Wood, A.; et al. Food in the Anthropocene: The EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet 2019, 393, 447–492.Mozaffarian, D. Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Circulation 2016, 133, 187–225.Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 2749.Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration; Kocarnik, J.M.; Compton, K.; Dean, F.E.; Fu, W.; Gaw, B.L.; Harvey, J.D.; Henrikson, H.J.; Lu, D.; Pennini, A.; et al. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019. JAMA Oncol. 2022, 8, 420–444.Wu, G. Dietary protein intake and human health. Food Funct. 2016, 7, 1251–1265.Sebastiani, G.; Herranz Barbero, A.; Borrás-Novell, C.; Alsina Casanova, M.; Aldecoa-Bilbao, V.; Andreu-Fernández, V.; Pascual Tutusaus, M.; Ferrero Martínez, S.; Gómez Roig, M.D.; García-Algar, O. The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diet during Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Offspring. Nutrients 2019, 11, 557.Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Ramos-Campo, D.J.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3809.Ferrari, L.; Panaite, S.-A.; Bertazzo, A.; Visioli, F. Animal- and Plant-Based Protein Sources: A Scoping Review of Human Health Outcomes and Environmental Impact. Nutrients 2022, 14, 5115.Diab, A.; Dastmalchi, L.N.; Gulati, M.; Michos, E.D. A Heart-Healthy Diet for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Where Are We Now? Vasc. Health Risk Manag. 2023, 19, 237–253.Key, T.J.; Bradbury, K.E.; Perez-Cornago, A.; Sinha, R.; Tsilidis, K.K.; Tsugane, S. Diet, nutrition, and cancer risk: What do we know and what is the way forward? BMJ 2020, 368, m511, Correction in 2020, 368, m996.Gardeazabal, I.; Romanos-Nanclares, A.; Martínez-González, M.; Castelló, A.; Sánchez-Bayona, R.; Pérez-Gómez, B.; Razquin, C.; Aramendia-Beitia, J.; Pollán, M.; Toledo, E. Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with lower incidence of premenopausal breast cancer in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. PhotoniX 2020, 23, 3148–3159.Grajek, M.; Krupa-Kotara, K.; Białek-Dratwa, A.; Sobczyk, K.; Grot, M.; Kowalski, O.; Sta´skiewicz, W. Nutrition and Mental Health: A Review of Current Knowledge about the Impact of Diet on Mental Health. Front. Nutr. 2022, 9, 943998.Taylor, A.M.; Holscher, H.D. A Review of Dietary and Microbial Connections to Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Nutr. Neurosci. 2020, 23, 237–250.Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Neuro-Vulnerability in Energy Metabolism Regulation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3106.Godos, J.; Currenti, W.; Angelino, D.; Mena, P.; Castellano, S.; Caraci, F.; Galvano, F.; Del Rio, D.; Ferri, R.; Grosso, G. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 346.Clemente-Suárez, V.J.; Redondo-Flórez, L.; Beltrán-Velasco, A.I.; Ramos-Campo, D.J.; Belinchón-Demiguel, P.; Martinez-Guardado, I.; Dalamitros, A.A.; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R.; Martín-Rodríguez, A.; Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. Mitochondria and Brain Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2488.Hossain, S.; Beydoun, M.A.; Weiss, J.; Kuczmarski, M.F.; Evans, M.K.; Zonderman, A.B. Longitudinal associations between dietary quality and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk on cognitive performance among African American adults. Br. J. Nutr. 2020, 124, 1264–1276.Román, G.C.; Jackson, R.E.; Gadhia, R.; Román, A.N.; Reis, J. Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev. Neurol. 2019, 175, 724–741.George, S.M.; Alfano, C.M.; Neuhouser, M.L.; Smith, A.W.; Baumgartner, R.N.; Baumgartner, K.B.; Bernstein, L.; Ballard-Barbash, R. Better postdiagnosis diet quality is associated with less cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. J. Cancer Surviv. 2014, 8, 680–687Xu, N.; An, Q. Correlation between dietary score and depression in cancer patients: Data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Front. Psychol. 2022, 13, 978913.Kasparian, M.; Mann, G.; Serrano, E.L.; Farris, A.R. Parenting practices toward food and children’s behavior: Eating away from home versus at home. Appetite 2017, 114, 194–199.Peters, J.; Parletta, N.; Campbell, K.; Lynch, J. Parental influences on the diets of 2- to 5-year-old children: Systematic review of qualitative research. J. Early Child. Res. 2014, 12, 3–19.Romanos-Nanclares, A.; Zazpe, I.; Santiago, S.; Marín, L.; Rico-Campà, A.; Martín-Calvo, N. Influence of Parental Healthy-Eating Attitudes and Nutritional Knowledge on Nutritional Adequacy and Diet Quality among Preschoolers: The SENDO Project. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1875.Koivuniemi, E.; Gustafsson, J.; Mäkelä, I.; Koivisto, V.J.; Vahlberg, T.; Schwab, U.; Niinikoski, H.; Laitinen, K. Parental and Child Factors Associated With 2- to 6-Year-Old Children’s Diet Quality in Finland. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2022, 122, 129–138.e4.Hartigh, R.J.R.D.; Meerhoff, L.R.A.; Van Yperen, N.W.; Neumann, N.D.; Brauers, J.J.; Frencken, W.G.P.; Emerencia, A.; Hill, Y.; Platvoet, S.; Atzmueller, M.; et al. Resilience in sports: A multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2022.Vasiloglou, M.F.; Fletcher, J.; Poulia, K.-A. Challenges and Perspectives in Nutritional Counselling and Nursing: A Narrative Review. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1489.Walsh, N.P. Nutrition and Athlete Immune Health: New Perspectives on an Old Paradigm. Sports Med. 2019, 49, 153–168.Jonvik, K.L.; King, M.; Rollo, I.; Stellingwerff, T.; Pitsiladis, Y. New Opportunities to Advance the Field of Sports Nutrition. Front. Sports Act. Living 2022, 4, 852230.Viecelli, C.; Ewald, C.Y. The non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise. Front. Aging 2022, 3, 1005848.Wackerhage, H.; Schoenfeld, B.J. Personalized, Evidence-Informed Training Plans and Exercise Prescriptions for Performance, Fitness and Health. Sports Med. 2021, 51, 1805–1813.Sánchez-Díaz, S.; Yanci, J.; Castillo, D.; Scanlan, A.T.; Raya-González, J. Effects of Nutrition Education Interventions in Team Sport Players. A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3664.Wijaya, O.G.M.; Meiliana, M.; Lestari, Y.N. The Importance of Nutritional Knowledge for Food Intake Optimalization on Football Athletes. Nutrizione 2021, 1, 22–33.Gibson, S.; Adamski, M.; Blumfield, M.; Dart, J.; Murgia, C.; Volders, E.; Truby, H. Promoting Evidence Based Nutrition Education Across the World in a Competitive Space: Delivering a Massive Open Online Course. Nutrients 2020, 12, 344.Bacon, C.E.W.; Lacy, A.M.P.; Lam, K.C. Knowledge Translation in Athletic Training: Considerations for Bridging the Knowledgeto-Practice Gap. J. Athl. Train. 2021, 56, 1165–1172.Thompson, F.; Rongen, F.; Cowburn, I.; Till, K. The Impacts of Sports Schools on Holistic Athlete Development: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2022, 52, 1879–1917.Frevel, N.; Beiderbeck, D.; Schmidt, S.L. The impact of technology on sports—A prospective study. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 2022, 182, 121838.Ponti, F.; Plazzi, A.; Guglielmi, G.; Marchesini, G.; Bazzocchi, A. Body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and obesity: The paradigm of fat (re)distribution. BJR Case Rep. 2019, 5, 20170078.Dijkstra, H.P.; Pollock, N.; Chakraverty, R.; Alonso, J.M. Managing the health of the elite athlete: A new integrated performance health management and coaching model. Br. J. Sports Med. 2014, 48, 523–531.Dashti, H.S.; Scheer, F.A.J.L.; Saxena, R.; Garaulet, M. Timing of Food Intake: Identifying Contributing Factors to Design Effective Interventions. Adv. Nutr. Int. Rev. J. 2019, 10, 606–620.Zoorob, R.; Parrish, M.-E.E.; O’hara, H.; Kalliny, M. Sports Nutrition Needs. Prim. Care Clin. Off. Pr. 2013, 40, 475–486.Meyer, N.L.; Reguant-Closa, A.; Nemecek, T. Sustainable Diets for Athletes. Curr. Nutr. Rep. 2020, 9, 147–162.Harty, P.S.; Cottet, M.L.; Malloy, J.K.; Kerksick, C.M. Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Brief Review. Sports Med.-Open 2019, 5, 1.Khan, A. Effects of Anxiety on Athletic Performance. Res. Investig. Sports Med. 2017, 1, 2.Zhang, D.; Lee, E.K.P.; Mak, E.C.W.; Ho, C.Y.; Wong, S.Y.S. Mindfulness-based interventions: An overall review. Br. Med. Bull. 2021, 138, 41–57.Firth, J.; E Gangwisch, J.; Borisini, A.; E Wootton, R.; Mayer, E.A. Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? BMJ 2020, 369, m2382.Clark, A.; Mach, N. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: A systematic review for athletes. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2016, 13, 43.Smith, J.J.; Eather, N.; Morgan, P.J.; Plotnikoff, R.C.; Faigenbaum, A.D.; Lubans, D.R. The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2014, 44, 1209–1223.321416AthletesDietary practicesBody compositionSports performanceNutrition interventionsTraining adaptationsOptimal nutritionAthletic successPublicationORIGINALAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdfAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdfapplication/pdf1996075https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/fca76bb5-922e-48fd-a85b-ba7f8bdf3334/download5c4b80da4bf00707d5f1e0dd02840404MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a9944830-7bdb-4597-b90e-b6133cfcca3c/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52TEXTAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdf.txtAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100260https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/51203172-1118-42f0-b0cc-ebb3d9f37c44/downloadcbb5791c0ed39754e426df941fcde914MD53THUMBNAILAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdf.jpgAdvances in Understanding the Interplay between Dietary Practices, Body Composition, and Sports Performance in Athletes.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15736https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bf7dbbe2-444c-419e-bda5-21efe6f3d014/downloaddbf16e3eb26c0ec98ec117603ef74b69MD5411323/13359oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/133592024-09-24 03:00:51.296https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.coPHA+TEEgT0JSQSAoVEFMIFkgQ09NTyBTRSBERUZJTkUgTcOBUyBBREVMQU5URSkgU0UgT1RPUkdBIEJBSk8gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIERFIEVTVEEgTElDRU5DSUEgUMOaQkxJQ0EgREUgQ1JFQVRJVkUgQ09NTU9OUyAo4oCcTFBDQ+KAnSBPIOKAnExJQ0VOQ0lB4oCdKS4gTEEgT0JSQSBFU1TDgSBQUk9URUdJREEgUE9SIERFUkVDSE9TIERFIEFVVE9SIFkvVSBPVFJBUyBMRVlFUyBBUExJQ0FCTEVTLiBRVUVEQSBQUk9ISUJJRE8gQ1VBTFFVSUVSIFVTTyBRVUUgU0UgSEFHQSBERSBMQSBPQlJBIFFVRSBOTyBDVUVOVEUgQ09OIExBIEFVVE9SSVpBQ0nDk04gUEVSVElORU5URSBERSBDT05GT1JNSURBRCBDT04gTE9TIFTDiVJNSU5PUyBERSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIFkgREUgTEEgTEVZIERFIERFUkVDSE8gREUgQVVUT1IuPC9wPgo8cD5NRURJQU5URSBFTCBFSkVSQ0lDSU8gREUgQ1VBTFFVSUVSQSBERSBMT1MgREVSRUNIT1MgUVVFIFNFIE9UT1JHQU4gRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSwgVVNURUQgQUNFUFRBIFkgQUNVRVJEQSBRVUVEQVIgT0JMSUdBRE8gRU4gTE9TIFRFUk1JTk9TIFFVRSBTRSBTRcORQUxBTiBFTiBFTExBLiBFTCBMSUNFTkNJQU5URSBDT05DRURFIEEgVVNURUQgTE9TIERFUkVDSE9TIENPTlRFTklET1MgRU4gRVNUQSBMSUNFTkNJQSBDT05ESUNJT05BRE9TIEEgTEEgQUNFUFRBQ0nDk04gREUgU1VTIFRFUk1JTk9TIFkgQ09ORElDSU9ORVMuPC9wPgo8b2wgdHlwZT0iMSI+CiAgPGxpPgogICAgRGVmaW5pY2lvbmVzCiAgICA8b2wgdHlwZT1hPgogICAgICA8bGk+T2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgZXMgdW5hIG9icmEsIHRhbCBjb21vIHVuYSBwdWJsaWNhY2nDs24gcGVyacOzZGljYSwgdW5hIGFudG9sb2fDrWEsIG8gdW5hIGVuY2ljbG9wZWRpYSwgZW4gbGEgcXVlIGxhIG9icmEgZW4gc3UgdG90YWxpZGFkLCBzaW4gbW9kaWZpY2FjacOzbiBhbGd1bmEsIGp1bnRvIGNvbiB1biBncnVwbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBjb250cmlidWNpb25lcyBxdWUgY29uc3RpdHV5ZW4gb2JyYXMgc2VwYXJhZGFzIGUgaW5kZXBlbmRpZW50ZXMgZW4gc8OtIG1pc21hcywgc2UgaW50ZWdyYW4gZW4gdW4gdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8uIFVuYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllIHVuYSBvYnJhIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBubyBzZSBjb25zaWRlcmFyw6EgdW5hIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgKGNvbW8gc2UgZGVmaW5lIGFiYWpvKSBwYXJhIGxvcyBwcm9ww7NzaXRvcyBkZSBlc3RhIGxpY2VuY2lhLiBhcXVlbGxhIHByb2R1Y2lkYSBwb3IgdW4gZ3J1cG8gZGUgYXV0b3JlcywgZW4gcXVlIGxhIE9icmEgc2UgZW5jdWVudHJhIHNpbiBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcywganVudG8gY29uIHVuYSBjaWVydGEgY2FudGlkYWQgZGUgb3RyYXMgY29udHJpYnVjaW9uZXMsIHF1ZSBjb25zdGl0dXllbiBlbiBzw60gbWlzbW9zIHRyYWJham9zIHNlcGFyYWRvcyBlIGluZGVwZW5kaWVudGVzLCBxdWUgc29uIGludGVncmFkb3MgYWwgdG9kbyBjb2xlY3Rpdm8sIHRhbGVzIGNvbW8gcHVibGljYWNpb25lcyBwZXJpw7NkaWNhcywgYW50b2xvZ8OtYXMgbyBlbmNpY2xvcGVkaWFzLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5PYnJhIERlcml2YWRhIHNpZ25pZmljYSB1bmEgb2JyYSBiYXNhZGEgZW4gbGEgb2JyYSBvYmpldG8gZGUgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBvIGVuIMOpc3RhIHkgb3RyYXMgb2JyYXMgcHJlZXhpc3RlbnRlcywgdGFsZXMgY29tbyB0cmFkdWNjaW9uZXMsIGFycmVnbG9zIG11c2ljYWxlcywgZHJhbWF0aXphY2lvbmVzLCDigJxmaWNjaW9uYWxpemFjaW9uZXPigJ0sIHZlcnNpb25lcyBwYXJhIGNpbmUsIOKAnGdyYWJhY2lvbmVzIGRlIHNvbmlkb+KAnSwgcmVwcm9kdWNjaW9uZXMgZGUgYXJ0ZSwgcmVzw7ptZW5lcywgY29uZGVuc2FjaW9uZXMsIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cmEgZW4gbGEgcXVlIGxhIG9icmEgcHVlZGEgc2VyIHRyYW5zZm9ybWFkYSwgY2FtYmlhZGEgbyBhZGFwdGFkYSwgZXhjZXB0byBhcXVlbGxhcyBxdWUgY29uc3RpdHV5YW4gdW5hIG9icmEgY29sZWN0aXZhLCBsYXMgcXVlIG5vIHNlcsOhbiBjb25zaWRlcmFkYXMgdW5hIG9icmEgZGVyaXZhZGEgcGFyYSBlZmVjdG9zIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEuIChQYXJhIGV2aXRhciBkdWRhcywgZW4gZWwgY2FzbyBkZSBxdWUgbGEgT2JyYSBzZWEgdW5hIGNvbXBvc2ljacOzbiBtdXNpY2FsIG8gdW5hIGdyYWJhY2nDs24gc29ub3JhLCBwYXJhIGxvcyBlZmVjdG9zIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbGEgc2luY3Jvbml6YWNpw7NuIHRlbXBvcmFsIGRlIGxhIE9icmEgY29uIHVuYSBpbWFnZW4gZW4gbW92aW1pZW50byBzZSBjb25zaWRlcmFyw6EgdW5hIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgcGFyYSBsb3MgZmluZXMgZGUgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSkuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPkxpY2VuY2lhbnRlLCBlcyBlbCBpbmRpdmlkdW8gbyBsYSBlbnRpZGFkIHRpdHVsYXIgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHF1ZSBvZnJlY2UgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiBjb25mb3JtaWRhZCBjb24gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPkF1dG9yIG9yaWdpbmFsLCBlcyBlbCBpbmRpdmlkdW8gcXVlIGNyZcOzIGxhIE9icmEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPk9icmEsIGVzIGFxdWVsbGEgb2JyYSBzdXNjZXB0aWJsZSBkZSBwcm90ZWNjacOzbiBwb3IgZWwgcsOpZ2ltZW4gZGUgRGVyZWNobyBkZSBBdXRvciB5IHF1ZSBlcyBvZnJlY2lkYSBlbiBsb3MgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWE8L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+VXN0ZWQsIGVzIGVsIGluZGl2aWR1byBvIGxhIGVudGlkYWQgcXVlIGVqZXJjaXRhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgYWwgYW1wYXJvIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgeSBxdWUgY29uIGFudGVyaW9yaWRhZCBubyBoYSB2aW9sYWRvIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBsYSBtaXNtYSByZXNwZWN0byBhIGxhIE9icmEsIG8gcXVlIGhheWEgb2J0ZW5pZG8gYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBleHByZXNhIHBvciBwYXJ0ZSBkZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgcGFyYSBlamVyY2VyIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBhbCBhbXBhcm8gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSBwZXNlIGEgdW5hIHZpb2xhY2nDs24gYW50ZXJpb3IuPC9saT4KICAgIDwvb2w+CiAgPC9saT4KICA8YnIvPgogIDxsaT4KICAgIERlcmVjaG9zIGRlIFVzb3MgSG9ucmFkb3MgeSBleGNlcGNpb25lcyBMZWdhbGVzLgogICAgPHA+TmFkYSBlbiBlc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHBvZHLDoSBzZXIgaW50ZXJwcmV0YWRvIGNvbW8gdW5hIGRpc21pbnVjacOzbiwgbGltaXRhY2nDs24gbyByZXN0cmljY2nDs24gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlcml2YWRvcyBkZWwgdXNvIGhvbnJhZG8geSBvdHJhcyBsaW1pdGFjaW9uZXMgbyBleGNlcGNpb25lcyBhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZWwgYXV0b3IgYmFqbyBlbCByw6lnaW1lbiBsZWdhbCB2aWdlbnRlIG8gZGVyaXZhZG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cmEgbm9ybWEgcXVlIHNlIGxlIGFwbGlxdWUuPC9wPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGxpPgogICAgQ29uY2VzacOzbiBkZSBsYSBMaWNlbmNpYS4KICAgIDxwPkJham8gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyB5IGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIG90b3JnYSBhIFVzdGVkIHVuYSBsaWNlbmNpYSBtdW5kaWFsLCBsaWJyZSBkZSByZWdhbMOtYXMsIG5vIGV4Y2x1c2l2YSB5IHBlcnBldHVhIChkdXJhbnRlIHRvZG8gZWwgcGVyw61vZG8gZGUgdmlnZW5jaWEgZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yKSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgZXN0b3MgZGVyZWNob3Mgc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSB0YWwgeSBjb21vIHNlIGluZGljYSBhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nDs246PC9wPgogICAgPG9sIHR5cGU9ImEiPgogICAgICA8bGk+UmVwcm9kdWNpciBsYSBPYnJhLCBpbmNvcnBvcmFyIGxhIE9icmEgZW4gdW5hIG8gbcOhcyBPYnJhcyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzLCB5IHJlcHJvZHVjaXIgbGEgT2JyYSBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYSBlbiBsYXMgT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcy48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+RGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgbyBmb25vZ3JhbWFzIGRlIGxhcyBPYnJhcywgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgaW5jbHV5w6luZG9sYXMgY29tbyBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYXMgZW4gT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcywgc2Vnw7puIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRhLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5EaXN0cmlidWlyIGNvcGlhcyBkZSBsYXMgT2JyYXMgRGVyaXZhZGFzIHF1ZSBzZSBnZW5lcmVuLCBleGhpYmlybGFzIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGFybGFzIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgeS9vIHBvbmVybGFzIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogICAgPHA+TG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG1lbmNpb25hZG9zIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUgcHVlZGVuIHNlciBlamVyY2lkb3MgZW4gdG9kb3MgbG9zIG1lZGlvcyB5IGZvcm1hdG9zLCBhY3R1YWxtZW50ZSBjb25vY2lkb3MgbyBxdWUgc2UgaW52ZW50ZW4gZW4gZWwgZnV0dXJvLiBMb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgYW50ZXMgbWVuY2lvbmFkb3MgaW5jbHV5ZW4gZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHJlYWxpemFyIGRpY2hhcyBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgcXVlIHNlYW4gdMOpY25pY2FtZW50ZSBuZWNlc2FyaWFzIHBhcmEgZWplcmNlciBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZW4gb3RybyBtZWRpbyBvIGZvcm1hdG9zLCBwZXJvIGRlIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIHVzdGVkIG5vIGVzdMOhIGF1dG9yaXphZG8gcGFyYSByZWFsaXphciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMuIFRvZG9zIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBubyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZXhwcmVzYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBxdWVkYW4gcG9yIGVzdGUgbWVkaW8gcmVzZXJ2YWRvcywgaW5jbHV5ZW5kbyBwZXJvIHNpbiBsaW1pdGFyc2UgYSBhcXVlbGxvcyBxdWUgc2UgbWVuY2lvbmFuIGVuIGxhcyBzZWNjaW9uZXMgNChkKSB5IDQoZSkuPC9wPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBSZXN0cmljY2lvbmVzLgogICAgPHA+TGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgZW4gbGEgYW50ZXJpb3IgU2VjY2nDs24gMyBlc3TDoSBleHByZXNhbWVudGUgc3VqZXRhIHkgbGltaXRhZGEgcG9yIGxhcyBzaWd1aWVudGVzIHJlc3RyaWNjaW9uZXM6PC9wPgogICAgPG9sIHR5cGU9ImEiPgogICAgICA8bGk+VXN0ZWQgcHVlZGUgZGlzdHJpYnVpciwgZXhoaWJpciBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhciBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBvIHBvbmVyIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGxhIE9icmEgc8OzbG8gYmFqbyBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSwgeSBVc3RlZCBkZWJlIGluY2x1aXIgdW5hIGNvcGlhIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBkZWwgSWRlbnRpZmljYWRvciBVbml2ZXJzYWwgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgZGUgbGEgbWlzbWEgY29uIGNhZGEgY29waWEgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBxdWUgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZXhoaWJhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGUgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSBvIHBvbmdhIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhLiBObyBlcyBwb3NpYmxlIG9mcmVjZXIgbyBpbXBvbmVyIG5pbmd1bmEgY29uZGljacOzbiBzb2JyZSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBhbHRlcmUgbyBsaW1pdGUgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbyBlbCBlamVyY2ljaW8gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGxvcyBkZXN0aW5hdGFyaW9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gTm8gZXMgcG9zaWJsZSBzdWJsaWNlbmNpYXIgbGEgT2JyYS4gVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RvcyB0b2RvcyBsb3MgYXZpc29zIHF1ZSBoYWdhbiByZWZlcmVuY2lhIGEgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IGEgbGEgY2zDoXVzdWxhIGRlIGxpbWl0YWNpw7NuIGRlIGdhcmFudMOtYXMuIFVzdGVkIG5vIHB1ZWRlIGRpc3RyaWJ1aXIsIGV4aGliaXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgZWplY3V0YXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgbyBwb25lciBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBsYSBPYnJhIGNvbiBhbGd1bmEgbWVkaWRhIHRlY25vbMOzZ2ljYSBxdWUgY29udHJvbGUgZWwgYWNjZXNvIG8gbGEgdXRpbGl6YWNpw7NuIGRlIGVsbGEgZGUgdW5hIGZvcm1hIHF1ZSBzZWEgaW5jb25zaXN0ZW50ZSBjb24gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuIExvIGFudGVyaW9yIHNlIGFwbGljYSBhIGxhIE9icmEgaW5jb3Jwb3JhZGEgYSB1bmEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEsIHBlcm8gZXN0byBubyBleGlnZSBxdWUgbGEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgYXBhcnRlIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgbWlzbWEgcXVlZGUgc3VqZXRhIGEgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuIFNpIFVzdGVkIGNyZWEgdW5hIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhLCBwcmV2aW8gYXZpc28gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGRlYmUsIGVuIGxhIG1lZGlkYSBkZSBsbyBwb3NpYmxlLCBlbGltaW5hciBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSBjdWFscXVpZXIgcmVmZXJlbmNpYSBhIGRpY2hvIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIG8gYWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIHNlZ8O6biBsbyBzb2xpY2l0YWRvIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IGNvbmZvcm1lIGxvIGV4aWdlIGxhIGNsw6F1c3VsYSA0KGMpLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5Vc3RlZCBubyBwdWVkZSBlamVyY2VyIG5pbmd1bm8gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHF1ZSBsZSBoYW4gc2lkbyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gbGEgU2VjY2nDs24gMyBwcmVjZWRlbnRlIGRlIG1vZG8gcXVlIGVzdMOpbiBwcmluY2lwYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZG9zIG8gZGlyZWN0YW1lbnRlIGRpcmlnaWRvcyBhIGNvbnNlZ3VpciB1biBwcm92ZWNobyBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYS4gRWwgaW50ZXJjYW1iaW8gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBwb3Igb3RyYXMgb2JyYXMgcHJvdGVnaWRhcyBwb3IgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHlhIHNlYSBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW4gc2lzdGVtYSBwYXJhIGNvbXBhcnRpciBhcmNoaXZvcyBkaWdpdGFsZXMgKGRpZ2l0YWwgZmlsZS1zaGFyaW5nKSBvIGRlIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJhIG1hbmVyYSBubyBzZXLDoSBjb25zaWRlcmFkbyBjb21vIGVzdGFyIGRlc3RpbmFkbyBwcmluY2lwYWxtZW50ZSBvIGRpcmlnaWRvIGRpcmVjdGFtZW50ZSBhIGNvbnNlZ3VpciB1biBwcm92ZWNobyBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYSwgc2llbXByZSBxdWUgbm8gc2UgcmVhbGljZSB1biBwYWdvIG1lZGlhbnRlIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBlbiByZWxhY2nDs24gY29uIGVsIGludGVyY2FtYmlvIGRlIG9icmFzIHByb3RlZ2lkYXMgcG9yIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPlNpIHVzdGVkIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWUsIGV4aGliZSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgZW4gZm9ybWEgZGlnaXRhbCBsYSBPYnJhIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgdSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RhIHRvZGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSB5IHByb3BvcmNpb25hciwgZGUgZm9ybWEgcmF6b25hYmxlIHNlZ8O6biBlbCBtZWRpbyBvIG1hbmVyYSBxdWUgVXN0ZWQgZXN0w6kgdXRpbGl6YW5kbzogKGkpIGVsIG5vbWJyZSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8gKG8gc2V1ZMOzbmltbywgc2kgZnVlcmUgYXBsaWNhYmxlKSwgeS9vIChpaSkgZWwgbm9tYnJlIGRlIGxhIHBhcnRlIG8gbGFzIHBhcnRlcyBxdWUgZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgeS9vIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGh1YmllcmVuIGRlc2lnbmFkbyBwYXJhIGxhIGF0cmlidWNpw7NuICh2LmcuLCB1biBpbnN0aXR1dG8gcGF0cm9jaW5hZG9yLCBlZGl0b3JpYWwsIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbikgZW4gbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBzZXJ2aWNpb3MgbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBmb3JtYXMgcmF6b25hYmxlczsgZWwgdMOtdHVsbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHNpIGVzdMOhIHByb3Zpc3RvOyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcmF6b25hYmxlbWVudGUgZmFjdGlibGUgeSwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8sIGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pZm9ybWUgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgKFVuaWZvcm0gUmVzb3VyY2UgSWRlbnRpZmllcikgcXVlIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGVzcGVjaWZpY2EgcGFyYSBzZXIgYXNvY2lhZG8gY29uIGxhIE9icmEsIHNhbHZvIHF1ZSB0YWwgVVJJIG5vIHNlIHJlZmllcmEgYSBsYSBub3RhIHNvYnJlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBvIGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIHNvYnJlIGVsIGxpY2VuY2lhbWllbnRvIGRlIGxhIE9icmE7IHkgZW4gZWwgY2FzbyBkZSB1bmEgT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSwgYXRyaWJ1aXIgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gaWRlbnRpZmljYW5kbyBlbCB1c28gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiBsYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhICh2LmcuLCAiVHJhZHVjY2nDs24gRnJhbmNlc2EgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIiBvICJHdWnDs24gQ2luZW1hdG9ncsOhZmljbyBiYXNhZG8gZW4gbGEgT2JyYSBvcmlnaW5hbCBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwiKS4gVGFsIGNyw6lkaXRvIHB1ZWRlIHNlciBpbXBsZW1lbnRhZG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hIHJhem9uYWJsZTsgZW4gZWwgY2Fzbywgc2luIGVtYmFyZ28sIGRlIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyB1IE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHRhbCBjcsOpZGl0byBhcGFyZWNlcsOhLCBjb21vIG3DrW5pbW8sIGRvbmRlIGFwYXJlY2UgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gYXV0b3IgY29tcGFyYWJsZSB5IGRlIHVuYSBtYW5lcmEsIGFsIG1lbm9zLCB0YW4gZGVzdGFjYWRhIGNvbW8gZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgb3RybyBhdXRvciBjb21wYXJhYmxlLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT4KICAgICAgICBQYXJhIGV2aXRhciB0b2RhIGNvbmZ1c2nDs24sIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGFjbGFyYSBxdWUsIGN1YW5kbyBsYSBvYnJhIGVzIHVuYSBjb21wb3NpY2nDs24gbXVzaWNhbDoKICAgICAgICA8b2wgdHlwZT0iaSI+CiAgICAgICAgICA8bGk+UmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBpbnRlcnByZXRhY2nDs24geSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIGJham8gbGljZW5jaWFzIGdlbmVyYWxlcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSBhdXRvcml6YXIgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBvIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIHkgZGUgcmVjb2xlY3Rhciwgc2VhIGluZGl2aWR1YWxtZW50ZSBvIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1bmEgc29jaWVkYWQgZGUgZ2VzdGnDs24gY29sZWN0aXZhIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHkgZGVyZWNob3MgY29uZXhvcyAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIFNBWUNPKSwgbGFzIHJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBvIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8gV2ViY2FzdCkgbGljZW5jaWFkYSBiYWpvIGxpY2VuY2lhcyBnZW5lcmFsZXMsIHNpIGxhIGludGVycHJldGFjacOzbiBvIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBlc3TDoSBwcmltb3JkaWFsbWVudGUgb3JpZW50YWRhIHBvciBvIGRpcmlnaWRhIGEgbGEgb2J0ZW5jacOzbiBkZSB1bmEgdmVudGFqYSBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYS48L2xpPgogICAgICAgICAgPGxpPlJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgRm9ub2dyYW1hcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsbWVudGUgbyBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW5hIHNvY2llZGFkIGRlIGdlc3Rpw7NuIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciB5IGRlcmVjaG9zIGNvbmV4b3MgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCBsb3MgY29uc2FncmFkb3MgcG9yIGxhIFNBWUNPKSwgdW5hIGFnZW5jaWEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgbXVzaWNhbGVzIG8gYWxnw7puIGFnZW50ZSBkZXNpZ25hZG8sIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGN1YWxxdWllciBmb25vZ3JhbWEgcXVlIFVzdGVkIGNyZWUgYSBwYXJ0aXIgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAo4oCcdmVyc2nDs24gY292ZXLigJ0pIHkgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZWwgcsOpZ2ltZW4gZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHNpIGxhIGNyZWFjacOzbiBvIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nDs24gZGUgZXNhIHZlcnNpw7NuIGNvdmVyIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZGEgbyBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgICA8L29sPgogICAgICA8L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+R2VzdGnDs24gZGUgRGVyZWNob3MgZGUgQXV0b3Igc29icmUgSW50ZXJwcmV0YWNpb25lcyB5IEVqZWN1Y2lvbmVzIERpZ2l0YWxlcyAoV2ViQ2FzdGluZykuIFBhcmEgZXZpdGFyIHRvZGEgY29uZnVzacOzbiwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgYWNsYXJhIHF1ZSwgY3VhbmRvIGxhIG9icmEgc2VhIHVuIGZvbm9ncmFtYSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSBhdXRvcml6YXIgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCB3ZWJjYXN0KSB5IGRlIHJlY29sZWN0YXIsIGluZGl2aWR1YWxtZW50ZSBvIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1bmEgc29jaWVkYWQgZGUgZ2VzdGnDs24gY29sZWN0aXZhIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHkgZGVyZWNob3MgY29uZXhvcyAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIEFDSU5QUk8pLCBsYXMgcmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIHdlYmNhc3QpLCBzdWpldGEgYSBsYXMgZGlzcG9zaWNpb25lcyBhcGxpY2FibGVzIGRlbCByw6lnaW1lbiBkZSBEZXJlY2hvIGRlIEF1dG9yLCBzaSBlc3RhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBlc3TDoSBwcmltb3JkaWFsbWVudGUgZGlyaWdpZGEgYSBvYnRlbmVyIHVuYSB2ZW50YWphIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBSZXByZXNlbnRhY2lvbmVzLCBHYXJhbnTDrWFzIHkgTGltaXRhY2lvbmVzIGRlIFJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KICAgIDxwPkEgTUVOT1MgUVVFIExBUyBQQVJURVMgTE8gQUNPUkRBUkFOIERFIE9UUkEgRk9STUEgUE9SIEVTQ1JJVE8sIEVMIExJQ0VOQ0lBTlRFIE9GUkVDRSBMQSBPQlJBIChFTiBFTCBFU1RBRE8gRU4gRUwgUVVFIFNFIEVOQ1VFTlRSQSkg4oCcVEFMIENVQUzigJ0sIFNJTiBCUklOREFSIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgREUgQ0xBU0UgQUxHVU5BIFJFU1BFQ1RPIERFIExBIE9CUkEsIFlBIFNFQSBFWFBSRVNBLCBJTVBMw41DSVRBLCBMRUdBTCBPIENVQUxRVUlFUkEgT1RSQSwgSU5DTFVZRU5ETywgU0lOIExJTUlUQVJTRSBBIEVMTEFTLCBHQVJBTlTDjUFTIERFIFRJVFVMQVJJREFELCBDT01FUkNJQUJJTElEQUQsIEFEQVBUQUJJTElEQUQgTyBBREVDVUFDScOTTiBBIFBST1DDk1NJVE8gREVURVJNSU5BRE8sIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIElORlJBQ0NJw5NOLCBERSBBVVNFTkNJQSBERSBERUZFQ1RPUyBMQVRFTlRFUyBPIERFIE9UUk8gVElQTywgTyBMQSBQUkVTRU5DSUEgTyBBVVNFTkNJQSBERSBFUlJPUkVTLCBTRUFOIE8gTk8gREVTQ1VCUklCTEVTIChQVUVEQU4gTyBOTyBTRVIgRVNUT1MgREVTQ1VCSUVSVE9TKS4gQUxHVU5BUyBKVVJJU0RJQ0NJT05FUyBOTyBQRVJNSVRFTiBMQSBFWENMVVNJw5NOIERFIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgSU1QTMONQ0lUQVMsIEVOIENVWU8gQ0FTTyBFU1RBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gUFVFREUgTk8gQVBMSUNBUlNFIEEgVVNURUQuPC9wPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBMaW1pdGFjacOzbiBkZSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQuCiAgICA8cD5BIE1FTk9TIFFVRSBMTyBFWElKQSBFWFBSRVNBTUVOVEUgTEEgTEVZIEFQTElDQUJMRSwgRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgTk8gU0VSw4EgUkVTUE9OU0FCTEUgQU5URSBVU1RFRCBQT1IgREHDkU8gQUxHVU5PLCBTRUEgUE9SIFJFU1BPTlNBQklMSURBRCBFWFRSQUNPTlRSQUNUVUFMLCBQUkVDT05UUkFDVFVBTCBPIENPTlRSQUNUVUFMLCBPQkpFVElWQSBPIFNVQkpFVElWQSwgU0UgVFJBVEUgREUgREHDkU9TIE1PUkFMRVMgTyBQQVRSSU1PTklBTEVTLCBESVJFQ1RPUyBPIElORElSRUNUT1MsIFBSRVZJU1RPUyBPIElNUFJFVklTVE9TIFBST0RVQ0lET1MgUE9SIEVMIFVTTyBERSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIE8gREUgTEEgT0JSQSwgQVVOIENVQU5ETyBFTCBMSUNFTkNJQU5URSBIQVlBIFNJRE8gQURWRVJUSURPIERFIExBIFBPU0lCSUxJREFEIERFIERJQ0hPUyBEQcORT1MuIEFMR1VOQVMgTEVZRVMgTk8gUEVSTUlURU4gTEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBERSBDSUVSVEEgUkVTUE9OU0FCSUxJREFELCBFTiBDVVlPIENBU08gRVNUQSBFWENMVVNJw5NOIFBVRURFIE5PIEFQTElDQVJTRSBBIFVTVEVELjwvcD4KICA8L2xpPgogIDxici8+CiAgPGxpPgogICAgVMOpcm1pbm8uCiAgICA8b2wgdHlwZT0iYSI+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5Fc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHkgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiB2aXJ0dWQgZGUgZWxsYSB0ZXJtaW5hcsOhbiBhdXRvbcOhdGljYW1lbnRlIHNpIFVzdGVkIGluZnJpbmdlIGFsZ3VuYSBjb25kaWNpw7NuIGVzdGFibGVjaWRhIGVuIGVsbGEuIFNpbiBlbWJhcmdvLCBsb3MgaW5kaXZpZHVvcyBvIGVudGlkYWRlcyBxdWUgaGFuIHJlY2liaWRvIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyBvIENvbGVjdGl2YXMgZGUgVXN0ZWQgZGUgY29uZm9ybWlkYWQgY29uIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIG5vIHZlcsOhbiB0ZXJtaW5hZGFzIHN1cyBsaWNlbmNpYXMsIHNpZW1wcmUgcXVlIGVzdG9zIGluZGl2aWR1b3MgbyBlbnRpZGFkZXMgc2lnYW4gY3VtcGxpZW5kbyDDrW50ZWdyYW1lbnRlIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhcyBsaWNlbmNpYXMuIExhcyBTZWNjaW9uZXMgMSwgMiwgNSwgNiwgNywgeSA4IHN1YnNpc3RpcsOhbiBhIGN1YWxxdWllciB0ZXJtaW5hY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYS48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+U3VqZXRhIGEgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIHkgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGFudGVyaW9yZXMsIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIG90b3JnYWRhIGFxdcOtIGVzIHBlcnBldHVhIChkdXJhbnRlIGVsIHBlcsOtb2RvIGRlIHZpZ2VuY2lhIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSBsYSBvYnJhKS4gTm8gb2JzdGFudGUgbG8gYW50ZXJpb3IsIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIHNlIHJlc2VydmEgZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHB1YmxpY2FyIHkvbyBlc3RyZW5hciBsYSBPYnJhIGJham8gY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgbGljZW5jaWEgZGlmZXJlbnRlcyBvIGEgZGVqYXIgZGUgZGlzdHJpYnVpcmxhIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSBlbiBjdWFscXVpZXIgbW9tZW50bzsgZW4gZWwgZW50ZW5kaWRvLCBzaW4gZW1iYXJnbywgcXVlIGVzYSBlbGVjY2nDs24gbm8gc2Vydmlyw6EgcGFyYSByZXZvY2FyIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBxdWUgZGViYSBzZXIgb3RvcmdhZGEgLCBiYWpvIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZGUgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSksIHkgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBjb250aW51YXLDoSBlbiBwbGVubyB2aWdvciB5IGVmZWN0byBhIG1lbm9zIHF1ZSBzZWEgdGVybWluYWRhIGNvbW8gc2UgZXhwcmVzYSBhdHLDoXMuIExhIExpY2VuY2lhIHJldm9jYWRhIGNvbnRpbnVhcsOhIHNpZW5kbyBwbGVuYW1lbnRlIHZpZ2VudGUgeSBlZmVjdGl2YSBzaSBubyBzZSBsZSBkYSB0w6lybWlubyBlbiBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgaW5kaWNhZGFzIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUuPC9saT4KICAgIDwvb2w+CiAgPC9saT4KICA8YnIvPgogIDxsaT4KICAgIFZhcmlvcy4KICAgIDxvbCB0eXBlPSJhIj4KICAgICAgPGxpPkNhZGEgdmV6IHF1ZSBVc3RlZCBkaXN0cmlidXlhIG8gcG9uZ2EgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBvIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgb2ZyZWNlcsOhIGFsIGRlc3RpbmF0YXJpbyB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgZW4gbG9zIG1pc21vcyB0w6lybWlub3MgeSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBxdWUgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYSBVc3RlZCBiYWpvIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPlNpIGFsZ3VuYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZXN1bHRhIGludmFsaWRhZGEgbyBubyBleGlnaWJsZSwgc2Vnw7puIGxhIGxlZ2lzbGFjacOzbiB2aWdlbnRlLCBlc3RvIG5vIGFmZWN0YXLDoSBuaSBsYSB2YWxpZGV6IG5pIGxhIGFwbGljYWJpbGlkYWQgZGVsIHJlc3RvIGRlIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgeSwgc2luIGFjY2nDs24gYWRpY2lvbmFsIHBvciBwYXJ0ZSBkZSBsb3Mgc3VqZXRvcyBkZSBlc3RlIGFjdWVyZG8sIGFxdcOpbGxhIHNlIGVudGVuZGVyw6EgcmVmb3JtYWRhIGxvIG3DrW5pbW8gbmVjZXNhcmlvIHBhcmEgaGFjZXIgcXVlIGRpY2hhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBzZWEgdsOhbGlkYSB5IGV4aWdpYmxlLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5OaW5nw7puIHTDqXJtaW5vIG8gZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgc2UgZXN0aW1hcsOhIHJlbnVuY2lhZGEgeSBuaW5ndW5hIHZpb2xhY2nDs24gZGUgZWxsYSBzZXLDoSBjb25zZW50aWRhIGEgbWVub3MgcXVlIGVzYSByZW51bmNpYSBvIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIHNlYSBvdG9yZ2FkbyBwb3IgZXNjcml0byB5IGZpcm1hZG8gcG9yIGxhIHBhcnRlIHF1ZSByZW51bmNpZSBvIGNvbnNpZW50YS48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+RXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZWZsZWphIGVsIGFjdWVyZG8gcGxlbm8gZW50cmUgbGFzIHBhcnRlcyByZXNwZWN0byBhIGxhIE9icmEgYXF1w60gbGljZW5jaWFkYS4gTm8gaGF5IGFycmVnbG9zLCBhY3VlcmRvcyBvIGRlY2xhcmFjaW9uZXMgcmVzcGVjdG8gYSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBubyBlc3TDqW4gZXNwZWNpZmljYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgbm8gc2UgdmVyw6EgbGltaXRhZG8gcG9yIG5pbmd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBxdWUgcHVlZGEgc3VyZ2lyIGVuIGFsZ3VuYSBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIGVtYW5hZGEgZGUgVXN0ZWQuIEVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbm8gcHVlZGUgc2VyIG1vZGlmaWNhZGEgc2luIGVsIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIG11dHVvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IFVzdGVkLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KPC9vbD4K