Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece

Over time the process of incremental deformationDie-less has been developed in many ways to meet the needs of flexible production with no invest-ment in tooling and low production costs. Two of their configurations are the SPIF (Single point incremental forming) and DPIF (Double point Incremental fo...

Full description

Autores:: Benítez Lozano, Adrián José
Páramo Bermúdez, Gabriel Jaime
Bustamante Correa, Frank Alexander

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2015

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: eng

id	RCUC2_42c8eba808589fc2764034c588c1219f
oai_identifier_str	oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2563
network_acronym_str	RCUC2
network_name_str	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
title	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
spellingShingle	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece Incremental sheet forming Forming die Computerized numerical control (CNC) Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) Computer aided design (CAD) die-less SPIF-DPIF Aluminum Alloy 1100
title_short	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
title_full	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
title_fullStr	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
title_sort	Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Benítez Lozano, Adrián José Páramo Bermúdez, Gabriel Jaime Bustamante Correa, Frank Alexander
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Benítez Lozano, Adrián José Páramo Bermúdez, Gabriel Jaime Bustamante Correa, Frank Alexander
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Incremental sheet forming Forming die Computerized numerical control (CNC) Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) Computer aided design (CAD) die-less SPIF-DPIF Aluminum Alloy 1100
topic	Incremental sheet forming Forming die Computerized numerical control (CNC) Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) Computer aided design (CAD) die-less SPIF-DPIF Aluminum Alloy 1100
description	Over time the process of incremental deformationDie-less has been developed in many ways to meet the needs of flexible production with no invest-ment in tooling and low production costs. Two of their configurations are the SPIF (Single point incremental forming) and DPIF (Double point Incremental form-ing) technique. The aim of this study is to compare both techniques with the purpose of exposing their advan-tages and disadvantages in the production of industri-al parts, as well as to inform about Die-less as an alter-native manufacturing process. Experiments with the exhaust pipe cover of a vehicle are performed, the main process parameters are described, and formed work-pieces without evidence of defects are achieved. Signif-icant differences between the two techniques in terms of production times and accuracy to the original model are also detected. Finally, it is suggested when is more convenient to use each of these.
publishDate	2015
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2015-09-28
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2019-02-15T23:26:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2019-02-15T23:26:01Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str	acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv	Benitez Lozano, A., Páramo Bermudez, G., & Bustamante Correa, F. (2015). Análisis comparativo entre las variantes SPIF y DPIF del proceso de conformado die-less en una pieza para automotores. INGE CUC, 11(2), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv	0122-6517, 2382-4700 electrónico
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2563
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv	10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv	2382-4700
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.pissn.spa.fl_str_mv	0122-6517
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv	Benitez Lozano, A., Páramo Bermudez, G., & Bustamante Correa, F. (2015). Análisis comparativo entre las variantes SPIF y DPIF del proceso de conformado die-less en una pieza para automotores. INGE CUC, 11(2), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07 0122-6517, 2382-4700 electrónico 10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07 2382-4700 Corporación Universidad de la Costa 0122-6517 REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url	https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2563 https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.07 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv	INGE CUC; Vol. 11, Núm. 2 (2015)
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	INGE CUC INGE CUC
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	[1] S. Matsubara, “Incremental Backward Bulge Forming of a Sheet Metal with a Hemispherical Head Tool,” J. J.S.T.P., vol. 35, no. 406, pp. 1311 – 1316, 1994. [2] G. Páramo Bermúdez and A. Benítez Lozano, “Deformación incremental de lámina sin matriz (DIELESS) como alternativa viable a procesos de conformación de lámina convencionales,” INGE CUC, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 115–128, Jul. 2013. [3] A. García and G. Páramo, “Análisis del comportamiento y caracterización del Single Point Incremental Forming utilizando tecnología de control numérico para un caso de estudio en un componente del mobiliario de exteriores”, M.S thesis, Dept. Ing. Mec., Univ. EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, 2011. [4] M. Amino, M. Mizoguchi, Y. Terauchi, and T. Maki, “Current Status of ‘Die-less’ Amino’s Incremental Forming,” Procedia Eng., vol. 81, pp. 54–62, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j. proeng.2014.09.128 [5] P. Roux, “Machine for shaping sheet metal,” US2945528 A, 14-Jan-1960. [6] E. Leszak, “Apparatus and process for incremental dieless forming,” US3342051 A, 19-Sep-1967. [7] H. Iseki, K. Kato, And S. Sakamoto, “Flexible and Incremental Sheet Metal Bulging using a Path-Controlled Spherical Roller.,” Trans. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. Ser. C, vol. 58, no. 554, pp. 3147–3155, Jan. 1992. DOI: 10.1299/kikaic.58.3147 [8] I. Paniti, “A novel, single-robot based two sided incremental sheet forming system,” in 45th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2014 and 8th German Conference on Robotics, ROBOTIK 2014, pp. 547-553, 2014. [9] P. Gabriel and B. Adrian, “Developing an experimental case in aluminum foils 1100 to determine the maximum angle of formability in a piece by Die-less-SPIF process,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 65, no. 1, p. 1-10, Jul. 2014. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/65/1/012027 [10] S. Arango Botero and P. Arena Espinosa, “Estudio del comportamiento de lámina metálica en el proceso incremental die-less forming en dos puntos de apoyo (herramienta y molde),” M.S thesis, Dept. Ing. Prod., Univ. EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, 2011. [11] S. Kalpakjian and S. R. Schmid, Manufactura, Ingeniería y Tecnología, 5th ed. Mexico:Pearson, 2008. [12] W. Smith, Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales, 3rd ed. España: McGrawHill, 2004. [13] T. B. Stoughton and J. W. Yoon, “A new approach for failure criterion for sheet metals,” Int. J. Plast., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 440–459, Mar. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.07.004 [14] C. Vallellano, D. Morales, A. J. Martinez, and F. J. Garcia-Lomas, “On the Use of Concave-Side Rule and Critical-Distance Methods to Predict the Influence of Bending on Sheet-Metal Formability,” Int. J. Mater. Form., vol. 3, no. S1, pp. 1167–1170, Jun. 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s12289-010-0980-0 [15] M. B. Silva and P. A. F. Martins, “Two-Point Incremental Forming with Partial Die: Theory and Experimentation,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1018– 1027, Oct. 2012. DOI: 10.1007/S11665-012-0400-3 [16] J. H. Wu and Q. C. Wang, “Comparison of the Geometric Accuracy by DSIF Tool-path with SPIF Tool-path,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 494–495, pp. 497–501, Feb. 2014.DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.494- 495.497 [17] J. Smith, R. Malhotra, W. K. Liu, and J. Cao, “Deformation mechanics in single-point and accumulative double-sided incremental forming,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 69, no. 5–8, pp. 1185–1201, Jun. 2013.. DOI: 10.1007/S00170-013-5053-3 [18] C. Radu, I. Cristea, E. Herghelegiu, and S. Tabacu, “Improving the Accuracy of Parts Manufactured by Single Point Incremental Forming,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 332, pp. 443–448, Jul. 2013. DOI: 10.4028/ www.scientific.net/AMM.332.443
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	2
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv	11
dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv	INGE CUC
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv	INGE CUC
institution	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv	https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/544
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dfc6aec7-0789-4182-a40d-7ce12265456c/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c4c2b9ac-eafd-4e5e-b4c7-35a2d1fd6d71/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c768a1c7-0485-42d6-accd-c666c3d37559/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a69810fa-85a0-4aef-9bf9-d87d6d9abbc4/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 71b620fe296b2be8c81a8e4eb20169a8 92cd55f89e3110102218011a142deca0 d3f4cbd5c4cda0c03ba7414dc279765e
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_	1811760707879829504
spelling	Benítez Lozano, Adrián JoséPáramo Bermúdez, Gabriel JaimeBustamante Correa, Frank Alexander2019-02-15T23:26:01Z2019-02-15T23:26:01Z2015-09-28Benitez Lozano, A., Páramo Bermudez, G., & Bustamante Correa, F. (2015). Análisis comparativo entre las variantes SPIF y DPIF del proceso de conformado die-less en una pieza para automotores. INGE CUC, 11(2), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.070122-6517, 2382-4700 electrónicohttps://hdl.handle.net/11323/2563https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.0710.17981/ingecuc.11.2.2015.072382-4700Corporación Universidad de la Costa0122-6517REDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Over time the process of incremental deformationDie-less has been developed in many ways to meet the needs of flexible production with no invest-ment in tooling and low production costs. Two of their configurations are the SPIF (Single point incremental forming) and DPIF (Double point Incremental form-ing) technique. The aim of this study is to compare both techniques with the purpose of exposing their advan-tages and disadvantages in the production of industri-al parts, as well as to inform about Die-less as an alter-native manufacturing process. Experiments with the exhaust pipe cover of a vehicle are performed, the main process parameters are described, and formed work-pieces without evidence of defects are achieved. Signif-icant differences between the two techniques in terms of production times and accuracy to the original model are also detected. Finally, it is suggested when is more convenient to use each of these.A través de los tiempos el proceso de deformación incremental Dieless ha sido desarrollado de numerosas formas a fin de atender las necesidades de producción flexible con nula inversión en herramentales y bajos costos de producción. Dos de sus configuraciones son la técnica SPIF (Single point incremental forming) y DPIF (Double point Incremental forming). El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar ambas técnicas con el propósito de exponer sus ventajas y desventajas en la producción de piezas industriales, así como dar a conocer a Dieless como un proceso manufacturero alternativo. Se realizan experimentaciones con la cubierta del tubo de escape de un vehículo, se describen los principales parámetros del proceso, y se logran piezas conformes sin evidencias de defectos. También se detectan diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas en cuanto a los tiempos de producción y exactitud con el modelo original. Finalmente, se sugiere cuándo es más conveniente usar cada una de éstasBenítez Lozano, Adrián JoséPáramo Bermúdez, Gabriel JaimeBustamante Correa, Frank Alexanderapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaINGE CUC; Vol. 11, Núm. 2 (2015)INGE CUCINGE CUC[1] S. Matsubara, “Incremental Backward Bulge Forming of a Sheet Metal with a Hemispherical Head Tool,” J. J.S.T.P., vol. 35, no. 406, pp. 1311 – 1316, 1994.[2] G. Páramo Bermúdez and A. Benítez Lozano, “Deformación incremental de lámina sin matriz (DIELESS) como alternativa viable a procesos de conformación de lámina convencionales,” INGE CUC, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 115–128, Jul. 2013.[3] A. García and G. Páramo, “Análisis del comportamiento y caracterización del Single Point Incremental Forming utilizando tecnología de control numérico para un caso de estudio en un componente del mobiliario de exteriores”, M.S thesis, Dept. Ing. Mec., Univ. EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, 2011.[4] M. Amino, M. Mizoguchi, Y. Terauchi, and T. Maki, “Current Status of ‘Die-less’ Amino’s Incremental Forming,” Procedia Eng., vol. 81, pp. 54–62, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j. proeng.2014.09.128[5] P. Roux, “Machine for shaping sheet metal,” US2945528 A, 14-Jan-1960.[6] E. Leszak, “Apparatus and process for incremental dieless forming,” US3342051 A, 19-Sep-1967.[7] H. Iseki, K. Kato, And S. Sakamoto, “Flexible and Incremental Sheet Metal Bulging using a Path-Controlled Spherical Roller.,” Trans. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng. Ser. C, vol. 58, no. 554, pp. 3147–3155, Jan. 1992. DOI: 10.1299/kikaic.58.3147[8] I. Paniti, “A novel, single-robot based two sided incremental sheet forming system,” in 45th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2014 and 8th German Conference on Robotics, ROBOTIK 2014, pp. 547-553, 2014.[9] P. Gabriel and B. Adrian, “Developing an experimental case in aluminum foils 1100 to determine the maximum angle of formability in a piece by Die-less-SPIF process,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 65, no. 1, p. 1-10, Jul. 2014. DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/65/1/012027[10] S. Arango Botero and P. Arena Espinosa, “Estudio del comportamiento de lámina metálica en el proceso incremental die-less forming en dos puntos de apoyo (herramienta y molde),” M.S thesis, Dept. Ing. Prod., Univ. EAFIT, Medellín, Colombia, 2011.[11] S. Kalpakjian and S. R. Schmid, Manufactura, Ingeniería y Tecnología, 5th ed. Mexico:Pearson, 2008.[12] W. Smith, Ciencia e ingeniería de materiales, 3rd ed. España: McGrawHill, 2004.[13] T. B. Stoughton and J. W. Yoon, “A new approach for failure criterion for sheet metals,” Int. J. Plast., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 440–459, Mar. 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.07.004[14] C. Vallellano, D. Morales, A. J. Martinez, and F. J. Garcia-Lomas, “On the Use of Concave-Side Rule and Critical-Distance Methods to Predict the Influence of Bending on Sheet-Metal Formability,” Int. J. Mater. Form., vol. 3, no. S1, pp. 1167–1170, Jun. 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s12289-010-0980-0[15] M. B. Silva and P. A. F. Martins, “Two-Point Incremental Forming with Partial Die: Theory and Experimentation,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1018– 1027, Oct. 2012. DOI: 10.1007/S11665-012-0400-3[16] J. H. Wu and Q. C. Wang, “Comparison of the Geometric Accuracy by DSIF Tool-path with SPIF Tool-path,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 494–495, pp. 497–501, Feb. 2014.DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.494- 495.497[17] J. Smith, R. Malhotra, W. K. Liu, and J. Cao, “Deformation mechanics in single-point and accumulative double-sided incremental forming,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 69, no. 5–8, pp. 1185–1201, Jun. 2013.. DOI: 10.1007/S00170-013-5053-3[18] C. Radu, I. Cristea, E. Herghelegiu, and S. Tabacu, “Improving the Accuracy of Parts Manufactured by Single Point Incremental Forming,” Appl. Mech. Mater., vol. 332, pp. 443–448, Jul. 2013. DOI: 10.4028/ www.scientific.net/AMM.332.443211INGE CUCINGE CUChttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/544Incremental sheet formingForming dieComputerized numerical control (CNC)Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)Computer aided design (CAD) die-less SPIF-DPIFAluminum Alloy 1100Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpieceArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/dfc6aec7-0789-4182-a40d-7ce12265456c/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52ORIGINALComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdfComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdfapplication/pdf1112336https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c4c2b9ac-eafd-4e5e-b4c7-35a2d1fd6d71/download71b620fe296b2be8c81a8e4eb20169a8MD51THUMBNAILComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdf.jpgComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg60934https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/c768a1c7-0485-42d6-accd-c666c3d37559/download92cd55f89e3110102218011a142deca0MD54TEXTComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdf.txtComparative Analysis between the SPIF and DPIF Variants for Die-less Forming Process for an Automotive Workpiece.pdf.txttext/plain26620https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a69810fa-85a0-4aef-9bf9-d87d6d9abbc4/downloadd3f4cbd5c4cda0c03ba7414dc279765eMD5511323/2563oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/25632024-09-17 10:44:00.396open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Comparative analysis between the SPIF and DPIF variants for die-less forming process for an automotive workpiece

Publicaciones similares