Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production
In the present investigation, an environmental, thermal, economic, and social analysis of an integrated system is carried out, which has as its function the production of hydrogen through the recovery of residual thermal energy from exhaust gases. The proposed integrated system consists of a thermoe...
- Autores:
-
Orjuela Abril, Sofia
Torregroza Espinosa, Ana
Garrido Yserte, Rubén
Hernández Comas, Brando
Duarte Forero, Jorge
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13624
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13624
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Engine
Natural gas
Thermoelectric generator
Hydrogen
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| title |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| spellingShingle |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production Engine Natural gas Thermoelectric generator Hydrogen |
| title_short |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| title_full |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| title_sort |
Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Orjuela Abril, Sofia Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Garrido Yserte, Rubén Hernández Comas, Brando Duarte Forero, Jorge |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Orjuela Abril, Sofia Torregroza Espinosa, Ana Garrido Yserte, Rubén Hernández Comas, Brando Duarte Forero, Jorge |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Engine Natural gas Thermoelectric generator Hydrogen |
| topic |
Engine Natural gas Thermoelectric generator Hydrogen |
| description |
In the present investigation, an environmental, thermal, economic, and social analysis of an integrated system is carried out, which has as its function the production of hydrogen through the recovery of residual thermal energy from exhaust gases. The proposed integrated system consists of a thermoelectric generator and a hydrogen production bench based on the water electrolysis process. For the development of the research, an internal combustion engine fueled with natural gas was used, operating under four load conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). From the environmental assessment, it is demonstrated that the implementation of the integrated system allows a decrease of 12.30%, 6.26%, and 7.90% in CO, CO2, and HC emissions. However, the addition of hydrogen causes a 9.9% increase in NOx emissions. Additionally, the implementation of the integrated system allows a 4.9% decrease in brake specific fuel consumption and a 4.9% increase in engine thermal efficiency. The improvement in engine thermal performance contributes to the 7% reduction in engine operating costs. On the other hand, it demonstrates an 8.7% reduction in the environmental and social impact cost and a 9% reduction in the ecological cost. Additionally, the integrated system minimizes the cost of environmental and social impact, as well as the ecological cost of polluting gases CO, CO2, and HC. The mixture of natural gas and hydrogen allows for a 4.70% and 7.59% increase in pressure and maximum heat release rate. In general, the proposed integrated system is a way to harness the thermal energy of exhaust gases for hydrogen production. In this way, it is possible to obtain an auxiliary fuel that improves the efficiency of the combustion process of the natural gas engine. This allows for minimizing energy losses in self-generation activities in Colombia, achieving better energy management and a reduction in operating costs. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-11-13 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-05T12:16:51Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-05T12:16:51Z |
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Artículo de revista |
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Sofia Orjuela-Abril, Ana Torregroza-Espinosa, Rubén Garrido-Yserte, Brando Hernández-Comas, Jorge Duarte-Forero, Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 47, 2024, 102284, ISSN 2451-9049, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102284. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13624 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102284 |
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2451-9049 |
| dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
Sofia Orjuela-Abril, Ana Torregroza-Espinosa, Rubén Garrido-Yserte, Brando Hernández-Comas, Jorge Duarte-Forero, Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 47, 2024, 102284, ISSN 2451-9049, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102284. 10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102284 2451-9049 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13624 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofjournal.none.fl_str_mv |
Thermal Science and Engineering Progress |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
P. Huang, L. Westman, China’s imaginary of ecological civilization: A resonance between the state-led discourse and sociocultural dynamics, Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 81 (2021), 102253. M. Shahzad, Y. Qu, S.U. Rehman, A.U. Zafar, Adoption of green innovation technology to accelerate sustainable development among manufacturing industry, J. Innov. Knowl. 7 (2022), 100231. N. Chams, J. García-Blandon, ´ Sustainable or not sustainable? the role of the board of directors, J. Clean. Prod. 226 (2019) 1067–1081. I.E. Nikolaou, T.A. Tsalis, K.I. Evangelinos, A framework to measure corporate sustainability performance: a strong sustainability-based view of firm, Sustain. Prod. Consum. 18 (2019) 1–18. I. Burton, Report on reports: Our common future: The world commission on environment and development, Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev. 29 (1987) 25–29. B.S. Silvestre, Sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies: environmental turbulence, institutional voids and sustainability trajectories, Int. J. Prod. Econ. 167 (2015) 156–169. C. Almeida, S.H. Bonilla, B.F. Giannetti, D. Huisingh, Cleaner Production initiatives and challenges for a sustainable world: an introduction to this special volume, J. Clean. Prod. 47 (2013) 1–10. M. Yusuf, L. Bazli, M.A. Alam, F. Masood, L.K. Keong, A. Noor, K. Hellgardt, B. Abdullah, Hydrogen production via natural gas reforming: A comparative study between DRM, SRM and BRM techniques, in: 2021 Third Int. Sustain. Resil. Conf. Clim. Chang., 2021: pp. 155–158. W. Chu, M. Vicidomini, F. Calise, N. Dui´c, P.A. Østergaard, Q. Wang, M. da Graça Carvalho, recent advances in technologies, methods, and economic analysis for sustainable development of energy, Water, and Environment Systems, Energies. 15 (2022) 7129. S. Kilkis, G. Krajacic, N. Duic, M.A. Rosen, others, Effective mitigation of climate change with sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems, Energy Convers. Manag. 269 (2022), 116146. Unidad de Planeacion ´ Minero-Energ´etica., Autogeneracion ´ y Cogeneracion, ´ UPME. (2022). https://www1.upme.gov.co/Paginas/Autogeneracion-y-Cogeneraci ´ on. ´ aspx (accessed June 25, 2023). R.D. Reitz, H. Ogawa, R. Payri, T. Fansler, S. Kokjohn, Y. Moriyoshi, A.K. Agarwal, D. Arcoumanis, D. Assanis, C. Bae, et al., IJER editorial: the future of the internal combustion engine, Int. J. Engine Res. 21 (2020) 3–10. S.S. Hoseini, G. Najafi, B. Ghobadian, R. Mamat, N.A.C. Sidik, W.H. Azmi, The effect of combustion management on diesel engine emissions fueled with biodieseldiesel blends, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73 (2017) 307–331, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.088. R.W. Howarth, M.Z. Jacobson, How green is blue hydrogen? Energy Sci. Eng. 9 (2021) 1676–1687. A. Midilli, M. Ay, I. Dincer, M.A. Rosen, On hydrogen and hydrogen energy strategies: I: current status and needs, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 9 (2005) 255–271. C. Acar, I. Dincer, 1.13 Hydrogen Energy, (2018). T. da, Silva, Veras, T.S. Mozer, D. da, Costa, Rubim Messeder, dos, Santos, A. da, Silva, C´esar, Hydrogen: trends, production and characterization of the main process worldwide, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 42 (2017) 2018–2033, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.219. J. Zareei, M. Haseeb, K. Ghadamkheir, S.A. Farkhondeh, A. Yazdani, K. Ershov, The effect of hydrogen addition to compressed natural gas on performance and emissions of a DI diesel engine by a numerical study, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 45 (2020) 34241–34253. M. Nino ˜ Serrano, An´ alisis del impacto de la economía del hidrogeno ´ en Espana, ˜ (2021). T.Y. Kim, S. Lee, J. Lee, Fabrication of thermoelectric modules and heat transfer analysis on internal plate fin structures of a thermoelectric generator, Energy Convers. Manag. 124 (2016) 470–479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2016.07.040. D. Champier, Thermoelectric generators: a review of applications, Energy Convers. Manag. 140 (2017) 167–181. P. Raut, M. Vohra, Experimental investigation and comparative analysis of selected thermoelectric generators operating with automotive waste heat recovery module, Mater. Today Proc. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.227. M. He, E. Wang, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, F. Zhang, C. Zhao, Performance analysis of a multilayer thermoelectric generator for exhaust heat recovery of a heavy-duty diesel engine, Appl. Energy. 274 (2020) 115298–115315. M. Comamala, A. Massaguer, E. Massaguer, T. Pujol, Validation of a fuel economy prediction method based on thermoelectric energy recovery for mid-size vehicles, Appl. Therm. Eng. 153 (2019) 768–778. Unidad de Planeacion ´ Minero-Energ´etica., Plan energ´etico nacional 2020 -2050, la transformacion ´ energ´etica que habilita el desarrollo sostenible, UPME. (2022). https://www1.upme.gov.co/DemandayEficiencia/Paginas/PEN.aspx (accessed December 7, 2022). T.M. Ismail, K. Ramzy, M.N. Abelwhab, B.E. Elnaghi, M. Abd El-Salam, M.I. Ismail, Performance of hybrid compression ignition engine using hydroxy (HHO) from dry cell, Energy Convers Manag. 155 (2018) 287–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2017.10.076. T.S. Hora, A.K. Agarwal, Effect of varying compression ratio on combustion, performance, and emissions of a hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas fuelled engine, J. Nat. Gas Sci. Eng. 31 (2016) 819–828. G. Valencia, J. Núnez, ˜ J. Duarte, Multiobjective optimization of a plate heat exchanger in a waste heat recovery organic rankine cycle system for natural gas engines, Entropy 21 (2019) 655–675, https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070655. G.A. Diaz, J.D. Forero, J. Garcia, A. Rincon, A. Fontalvo, A. Bula, R.V. Padilla, Maximum power from fluid flow by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics, J. Energy Resour. Technol. 139 (2017), 032903, https://doi.org/ 10.1115/1.4035021. G.V. Ochoa, C. Isaza-Roldan, J.D. Forero, A phenomenological base semi-physical thermodynamic model for the cylinder and exhaust manifold of a natural gas 2- megawatt four-stroke internal combustion engine, Heliyon. 5 (2019) e02700. G. Valencia Ochoa, C. Acevedo Penaloza, ˜ J. Duarte Forero, Thermoeconomic optimization with PSO algorithm of waste heat recovery systems based on organic rankine cycle system for a natural gas engine, Energies 12 (2019) 1–21, https:// doi.org/10.3390/en12214165. I. Glassman, Combustion Academic Press Inc, (1987). G. Woschni, A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine, SAE Trans. 670931 (1968) 3065–3083. J.E. Duarte Forero, others, Aportacion ´ al estudio y modelado termodin´ amico en motores de combustion ´ interna, (2016). A. Sanli, A.N. Ozsezen, I. Kilicaslan, M. Canakci, The influence of engine speed and load on the heat transfer between gases and in-cylinder walls at fired and motored conditions of an IDI diesel engine, Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (2008) 1395–1404. J. Serrano, F.J. Jim´enez-Espadafor, A. Lopez, ´ Analysis of the effect of the hydrogen as main fuel on the performance of a modified compression ignition engine with water injection, Energy 173 (2019) 911–925. P. Lyubarskyy, D. Bartel, 2D CFD-model of the piston assembly in a diesel engine for the analysis of piston ring dynamics, mass transport and friction, Tribol. Int. 104 (2016) 352–368, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2016.09.017. J.M. Díaz, Aportacion ´ al diagnostico ´ de la combustion ´ en motores Di´esel de inyeccion ´ directa, Universitat Polit`ecnica De Val`encia (2007). F. Consuegra, A. Bula, W. Guillín, J. Sanchez, ´ J. Duarte, Forero instantaneous incylinder volume considering deformation and clearance due to lubricating film in reciprocating internal combustion engines, Energies 12 (2019) 1437, https://doi. org/10.3390/en12081437. P.K. Sharma, D. Sharma, S.L. Soni, A. Jhalani, D. Singh, S. Sharma, Characterization of the hydroxy fueled compression ignition engine under dual fuel mode: experimental and numerical simulation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 45 (2020) 8067–8081, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.01.061. E. Tosun, M. Ozcanli, ¨ Hydrogen enrichment effects on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with diesel-soybean biodiesel blends with nanoparticle addition, Eng. Sci. Technol. an Int. J. 24 (2021) 648–654. P. Bhowmick, A.K. Jeevanantham, B. Ashok, K. Nanthagopal, D.A. Perumal, V. Karthickeyan, K.C. Vora, A. Jain, Effect of fuel injection strategies and EGR on biodiesel blend in a CRDI engine, Energy 181 (2019) 1094–1113. M.K. Yesilyurt, M. Aydin, Experimental investigation on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine fueled with cottonseed oil biodiesel/diethyl ether/diesel fuel blends, Energy Convers. Manag. 205 (2020), 112355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2019.112355. S. Verma, K. Kumar, L.M. Das, S.C. Kaushik, Effect of hydrogen enrichment strategy on performance and emission features of biodiesel-biogas dual fuel engine using simulation and experimental analyses, J. Energy Resour. Technol. 143 (2021). V. Dhyani, K.A. Subramanian, Experimental based comparative exergy analysis of a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with different gaseous (CNG, HCNG, and hydrogen) fuels, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy. 44 (2019) 20440–20451. H. Jouhara, A. Zabnie ˙ nska-G ´ ora, ´ N. Khordehgah, Q. Doraghi, L. Ahmad, L. Norman, B. Axcell, L. Wrobel, S. Dai, Thermoelectric generator (TEG) technologies and applications, Int. J. Thermofluids. 9 (2021), 100063. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2023 Elsevier Ltd.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Orjuela Abril, SofiaTorregroza Espinosa, AnaGarrido Yserte, RubénHernández Comas, BrandoDuarte Forero, Jorge2024-11-05T12:16:51Z2024-11-05T12:16:51Z2023-11-13Sofia Orjuela-Abril, Ana Torregroza-Espinosa, Rubén Garrido-Yserte, Brando Hernández-Comas, Jorge Duarte-Forero, Evaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen production, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 47, 2024, 102284, ISSN 2451-9049, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102284.https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1362410.1016/j.tsep.2023.1022842451-9049Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In the present investigation, an environmental, thermal, economic, and social analysis of an integrated system is carried out, which has as its function the production of hydrogen through the recovery of residual thermal energy from exhaust gases. The proposed integrated system consists of a thermoelectric generator and a hydrogen production bench based on the water electrolysis process. For the development of the research, an internal combustion engine fueled with natural gas was used, operating under four load conditions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). From the environmental assessment, it is demonstrated that the implementation of the integrated system allows a decrease of 12.30%, 6.26%, and 7.90% in CO, CO2, and HC emissions. However, the addition of hydrogen causes a 9.9% increase in NOx emissions. Additionally, the implementation of the integrated system allows a 4.9% decrease in brake specific fuel consumption and a 4.9% increase in engine thermal efficiency. The improvement in engine thermal performance contributes to the 7% reduction in engine operating costs. On the other hand, it demonstrates an 8.7% reduction in the environmental and social impact cost and a 9% reduction in the ecological cost. Additionally, the integrated system minimizes the cost of environmental and social impact, as well as the ecological cost of polluting gases CO, CO2, and HC. The mixture of natural gas and hydrogen allows for a 4.70% and 7.59% increase in pressure and maximum heat release rate. In general, the proposed integrated system is a way to harness the thermal energy of exhaust gases for hydrogen production. In this way, it is possible to obtain an auxiliary fuel that improves the efficiency of the combustion process of the natural gas engine. This allows for minimizing energy losses in self-generation activities in Colombia, achieving better energy management and a reduction in operating costs.17 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier LtdUnited Kingdomhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451904923006376?via%3DihubEvaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural gas engines operating in dual mode through heat recovery with thermoelectric devices for hydrogen productionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Thermal Science and Engineering ProgressP. Huang, L. Westman, China’s imaginary of ecological civilization: A resonance between the state-led discourse and sociocultural dynamics, Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 81 (2021), 102253.M. Shahzad, Y. Qu, S.U. Rehman, A.U. Zafar, Adoption of green innovation technology to accelerate sustainable development among manufacturing industry, J. Innov. Knowl. 7 (2022), 100231.N. Chams, J. García-Blandon, ´ Sustainable or not sustainable? the role of the board of directors, J. Clean. Prod. 226 (2019) 1067–1081.I.E. Nikolaou, T.A. Tsalis, K.I. Evangelinos, A framework to measure corporate sustainability performance: a strong sustainability-based view of firm, Sustain. Prod. Consum. 18 (2019) 1–18.I. Burton, Report on reports: Our common future: The world commission on environment and development, Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev. 29 (1987) 25–29.B.S. Silvestre, Sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies: environmental turbulence, institutional voids and sustainability trajectories, Int. J. Prod. Econ. 167 (2015) 156–169.C. Almeida, S.H. Bonilla, B.F. Giannetti, D. Huisingh, Cleaner Production initiatives and challenges for a sustainable world: an introduction to this special volume, J. Clean. Prod. 47 (2013) 1–10.M. Yusuf, L. Bazli, M.A. Alam, F. Masood, L.K. Keong, A. Noor, K. Hellgardt, B. Abdullah, Hydrogen production via natural gas reforming: A comparative study between DRM, SRM and BRM techniques, in: 2021 Third Int. Sustain. Resil. Conf. Clim. Chang., 2021: pp. 155–158.W. Chu, M. Vicidomini, F. Calise, N. Dui´c, P.A. Østergaard, Q. Wang, M. da Graça Carvalho, recent advances in technologies, methods, and economic analysis for sustainable development of energy, Water, and Environment Systems, Energies. 15 (2022) 7129.S. Kilkis, G. Krajacic, N. Duic, M.A. Rosen, others, Effective mitigation of climate change with sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems, Energy Convers. Manag. 269 (2022), 116146.Unidad de Planeacion ´ Minero-Energ´etica., Autogeneracion ´ y Cogeneracion, ´ UPME. (2022). https://www1.upme.gov.co/Paginas/Autogeneracion-y-Cogeneraci ´ on. ´ aspx (accessed June 25, 2023).R.D. Reitz, H. Ogawa, R. Payri, T. Fansler, S. Kokjohn, Y. Moriyoshi, A.K. Agarwal, D. Arcoumanis, D. Assanis, C. Bae, et al., IJER editorial: the future of the internal combustion engine, Int. J. Engine Res. 21 (2020) 3–10.S.S. Hoseini, G. Najafi, B. Ghobadian, R. Mamat, N.A.C. Sidik, W.H. Azmi, The effect of combustion management on diesel engine emissions fueled with biodieseldiesel blends, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 73 (2017) 307–331, https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.088.R.W. Howarth, M.Z. Jacobson, How green is blue hydrogen? Energy Sci. Eng. 9 (2021) 1676–1687.A. Midilli, M. Ay, I. Dincer, M.A. Rosen, On hydrogen and hydrogen energy strategies: I: current status and needs, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 9 (2005) 255–271.C. Acar, I. Dincer, 1.13 Hydrogen Energy, (2018).T. da, Silva, Veras, T.S. Mozer, D. da, Costa, Rubim Messeder, dos, Santos, A. da, Silva, C´esar, Hydrogen: trends, production and characterization of the main process worldwide, Int. J. 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natural.pdf.jpgEvaluation of an integrated electric power generation system with natural.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14641https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/27e28b2f-7218-4666-a845-d7f82bb93c37/downloadf8cf17a9e3205ee06ff5a010a4f56cd8MD5411323/13624oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/136242024-11-06 03:00:51.956https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/© 2023 Elsevier Ltd.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ara ejercer estos derechos sobre la Obra tal y como se indica a continuación:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Reproducir la Obra, incorporar la Obra en una o más Obras Colectivas, y reproducir la Obra incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.</li>
      <li>Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.</li>
    </ol>
    <p>Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Restricciones.
    <p>La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:</p>
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).</li>
      <li>Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.</li>
      <li>Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.</li>
      <li>
        Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:
        <ol type="i">
          <li>Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
          <li>Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
        </ol>
      </li>
      <li>Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Limitación de responsabilidad.
    <p>A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.</p>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Término.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
  <li>
    Varios.
    <ol type="a">
      <li>Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.</li>
      <li>Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.</li>
      <li>Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.</li>
      <li>Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.</li>
    </ol>
  </li>
  <br/>
</ol>
 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