Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids

Introduction: Stroke is highly prevalent in Latin America and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Educating children about stroke has been established as an effective method to detect symptoms early, reduce hospital visits, and raise awareness among adults. Objective:...

Full description

Autores:
Moreno, A. P.
Camargo, L.
Gaitán, G.
Castillo, E.E.
Pabón, S.A.
Shelache, S.
Gargiulo, P.
Caldichoury, N.
López, N.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9087
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9087
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.011
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
ICT
Stroke
Mobile app
Mobile application
Education
TIC
Ictus
App
Aplicación
Educación
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id RCUC2_3fa2261f335a16b67ed31734cdc86195
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9087
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Efectividad de una aplicación móvil para mejorar el conocimiento sobre los síntomas de ictus en una población pediátrica de Colombia
title Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
spellingShingle Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
ICT
Stroke
Mobile app
Mobile application
Education
TIC
Ictus
App
Aplicación
Educación
title_short Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
title_full Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
title_fullStr Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
title_sort Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Moreno, A. P.
Camargo, L.
Gaitán, G.
Castillo, E.E.
Pabón, S.A.
Shelache, S.
Gargiulo, P.
Caldichoury, N.
López, N.
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Moreno, A. P.
Camargo, L.
Gaitán, G.
Castillo, E.E.
Pabón, S.A.
Shelache, S.
Gargiulo, P.
Caldichoury, N.
López, N.
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv ICT
Stroke
Mobile app
Mobile application
Education
topic ICT
Stroke
Mobile app
Mobile application
Education
TIC
Ictus
App
Aplicación
Educación
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv TIC
Ictus
App
Aplicación
Educación
description Introduction: Stroke is highly prevalent in Latin America and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Educating children about stroke has been established as an effective method to detect symptoms early, reduce hospital visits, and raise awareness among adults. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of a mobile application to improve knowledge and understanding of stroke among children. Method: We conducted a focus group session including 12 children in order to analyze the behavior of 6 questions previously validated by expert neurologists. Subsequently, 105 primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12 completed a questionnaire on stroke symptoms and how to contact the emergency services before and after using an application on stroke symptoms. Qualitative analyses and the Student t test were used to verify the existence of differences between pre- and post-intervention test results. Results: After a single 40-min working session with the application, between 50% and 67% of the children were able to identify the signs of stroke, and 96.2% knew the national emergency services telephone number. Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences before and after the intervention with the digital application (t = 19.54; p < 0.001) and intragroup differences in the post-intervention test results (t = 40.71; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Primary school children who used our digital application increased their knowledge, understanding, and learning of stroke symptoms.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-24T14:09:59Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-03-24T14:09:59Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 0213-4853
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9087
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.011
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.011
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1578-1968
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv 0213-4853
10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.011
1578-1968
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9087
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.011
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Neurología
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1 Global Burden of Disease Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (2019)
2 D. Tong, M.J. Reeves, A.F. Hernandez, X. Zhao, D.M. Olson, G. Fonarow, et al. Times from symptom onset to hospital arrival in the Get with the Guidelines–Stroke Program 2002 to 2009: temporal trends and implications Stroke, 43 (2012), pp. 1912-1917
3 L.R.M. Mendoza, M.E.M. Martínez TIC y neuroeducación como recurso de innovación en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje Rev Cienc Human Soc, 5 (2020), pp. 85-96
4 C.C. Beal, S.A. Flanders, S.G. Bader Can children reduce delayed hospital arrival for ischemic stroke? A systematic review of school-based stroke education J Neurosci Nurs, 48 (2016), pp. E2-E13
5 L.B. Morgenstern, N.R. Gonzales, K.E. Maddox, D.L. Brown, A.P. Karim, N. Espinosa, et al. A randomized, controlled trial to teach middle school children to recognize stroke and call 911: the kids identifying and defeating stroke Project Stroke, 38 (2007), pp. 2972-2978
6 E. Krzystanek, A. Krzak-Kubica, M. Świat, W. Galus, J. Gawryluk Adequate knowledge of stroke symptoms risk factors, and necessary actions in the general population of Southern Poland Brain Sci, 10 (2020), p. 1009, 10.3390/brainsci10121009
7 S.P. Jones, A.J. Jenkinson, M.J. Leathley, C.L. Watkins Stroke knowledge and awareness: an integrative review of the evidence Age Ageing, 39 (2010), pp. 11-22
8 Y. Sakamoto, C. Yokota, F. Miyashita, T. Amano, Y. Shigehatake, S. Oyama, et al. Effects of stroke education using an animated cartoon and a manga on elementary school children J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 23 (2014), pp. 1877-1881
9 A. Kobayashi, A. Czlonkowska, G.A. Ford, A.C. Fonseca, G.J. Luijckx, J. Korv, et al. European Academy of Neurology and European Stroke Organization consensus statement and practical guidance for pre-hospital management of stroke Eur J Neurol, 25 (2018), pp. 425-433
10 Y. TeuschI, M. Brainin Stroke education: discrepancies among factors influencing prehospital delay and stroke knowledge Int J Stroke, 5 (2010), pp. 187-208
11 B.B. Brown Delphi process: a methodology used for the elicitation of opinions of experts Rand Corp Santa Monica CA (1968)
12 M.A. Komolafe, O.E. Olorunmoteni, F.O. Fehintola Effect of health education on level of awareness and knowledge of Nigerian in-school adolescents on stroke and its risk factors J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 29 (2020), p. 104757
13 A. Muacevic, J. Adler, D. Nemade, M. Beckett, J. Nolte, V. Shivkumar Make kids stroke-smart: a community based interventional study Cureus, 12 (2021)
14 D. Song, E. Tanaka, K. Lee, S. Sato, M. Koga, Y.D. Kim, et al. Factors associated with early hospital arrival in patients with acute ischemic stroke J Stroke, 17 (2015), p. 159
15 A. Ishigami, C. Yokota, K. Nishimura, S. Ohyama, S. Tomari, T. Hino, et al. Delivering knowledge of stroke to parents through their children using a manga for stroke education in elementary school J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 26 (2017), pp. 431-437
16 S. Bansilal, R. Vedanthan, J.C. Kovacic, A.V. Soto, J. Latina, J.L. Björkegren, et al. Rationale and design of Family-Based Approach in a Minority Community Integrating Systems – Biology for Promotion of Health (FAMILIA) Am Heart J, 187 (2017), pp. 170-181
17 C. Ottawa, L.A. Sposato, F. Nabbouh, G. Saposnik Stroke preparedness in children: translating knowledge into behavioral intent: a systematic review and meta-analysis Int J Stroke, 10 (2015), pp. 1008-1013
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 6
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 6 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Spain
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S021348532100284X#!
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a56daa9f-3d3d-4f2f-a6be-71159457f913/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7f083a99-dd29-418c-8277-5405ee544df3/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7558b8b4-b75c-4412-85fe-7ecd7f2fda6e/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/39b6b78e-b594-4c94-8980-6a81583cb6f8/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 88babbc838e5fe2cf911562a5f1427f3
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
985b25efda9dc091588401e7dcb03313
d55b9130930afdac34fbe6e0b8fbe3b8
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760750633418752
spelling Moreno, A. P.Camargo, L.Gaitán, G.Castillo, E.E.Pabón, S.A.Shelache, S.Gargiulo, P.Caldichoury, N.López, N.Colombia2022-03-24T14:09:59Z2022-03-24T14:09:59Z20220213-4853https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9087https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.01110.1016/j.nrl.2021.10.0111578-1968Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Introduction: Stroke is highly prevalent in Latin America and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Educating children about stroke has been established as an effective method to detect symptoms early, reduce hospital visits, and raise awareness among adults. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of a mobile application to improve knowledge and understanding of stroke among children. Method: We conducted a focus group session including 12 children in order to analyze the behavior of 6 questions previously validated by expert neurologists. Subsequently, 105 primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12 completed a questionnaire on stroke symptoms and how to contact the emergency services before and after using an application on stroke symptoms. Qualitative analyses and the Student t test were used to verify the existence of differences between pre- and post-intervention test results. Results: After a single 40-min working session with the application, between 50% and 67% of the children were able to identify the signs of stroke, and 96.2% knew the national emergency services telephone number. Statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences before and after the intervention with the digital application (t = 19.54; p < 0.001) and intragroup differences in the post-intervention test results (t = 40.71; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Primary school children who used our digital application increased their knowledge, understanding, and learning of stroke symptoms.Introducción: El ictus es muy prevalente en Latinoamérica y constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. Se ha sugerido que ensenar ˜ a los niños a reconocer los primeros síntomas de ictus puede ayudar a reducir el número de ingresos por esta enfermedad y a concienciar a la población adulta. Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad de una aplicación móvil para aumentar el conocimiento del ictus en los niños. Método: Llevamos a cabo una sesión con un grupo focal de 12 niños para analizar el comportamiento de 6 preguntas previamente validadas por un grupo de neurólogos expertos. Posteriormente, administramos un cuestionario sobre síntomas de ictus y servicios de emergencias a 105 niños de entre 7 y 12 años ˜ en dos momentos diferentes: antes y después de usar la aplicación sobre síntomas de ictus. Se realizaron análisis cualitativos y se aplicó la prueba t de Student para confirmar la presencia de diferencias en las respuestas al cuestionario antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: Tras una única sesión de 40 minutos con la aplicación, entre el 50% y el 67% de los niños eran capaces de identificar los síntomas de ictus y el 96,2% se sabían el número de teléfono de emergencias. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados del cuestionario antes y después de la intervención (t = 19,54; P < 0,001), así como diferencias intragrupo en los resultados postintervención (t = 40,71; P < 0,001). Conclusión: Los niños que utilizaron nuestra aplicación acabaron sabiendo más sobre los síntomas de ictus y cómo actuar.6 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevierSpainAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2021 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Effectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kidsEfectividad de una aplicación móvil para mejorar el conocimiento sobre los síntomas de ictus en una población pediátrica de ColombiaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S021348532100284X#!Neurología1 Global Burden of Disease Collaborators Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (2019)2 D. Tong, M.J. Reeves, A.F. Hernandez, X. Zhao, D.M. Olson, G. Fonarow, et al. Times from symptom onset to hospital arrival in the Get with the Guidelines–Stroke Program 2002 to 2009: temporal trends and implications Stroke, 43 (2012), pp. 1912-19173 L.R.M. Mendoza, M.E.M. Martínez TIC y neuroeducación como recurso de innovación en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje Rev Cienc Human Soc, 5 (2020), pp. 85-964 C.C. Beal, S.A. Flanders, S.G. Bader Can children reduce delayed hospital arrival for ischemic stroke? A systematic review of school-based stroke education J Neurosci Nurs, 48 (2016), pp. E2-E135 L.B. Morgenstern, N.R. Gonzales, K.E. Maddox, D.L. Brown, A.P. Karim, N. Espinosa, et al. A randomized, controlled trial to teach middle school children to recognize stroke and call 911: the kids identifying and defeating stroke Project Stroke, 38 (2007), pp. 2972-29786 E. Krzystanek, A. Krzak-Kubica, M. Świat, W. Galus, J. Gawryluk Adequate knowledge of stroke symptoms risk factors, and necessary actions in the general population of Southern Poland Brain Sci, 10 (2020), p. 1009, 10.3390/brainsci101210097 S.P. Jones, A.J. Jenkinson, M.J. Leathley, C.L. Watkins Stroke knowledge and awareness: an integrative review of the evidence Age Ageing, 39 (2010), pp. 11-228 Y. Sakamoto, C. Yokota, F. Miyashita, T. Amano, Y. Shigehatake, S. Oyama, et al. Effects of stroke education using an animated cartoon and a manga on elementary school children J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 23 (2014), pp. 1877-18819 A. Kobayashi, A. Czlonkowska, G.A. Ford, A.C. Fonseca, G.J. Luijckx, J. Korv, et al. European Academy of Neurology and European Stroke Organization consensus statement and practical guidance for pre-hospital management of stroke Eur J Neurol, 25 (2018), pp. 425-43310 Y. TeuschI, M. Brainin Stroke education: discrepancies among factors influencing prehospital delay and stroke knowledge Int J Stroke, 5 (2010), pp. 187-20811 B.B. Brown Delphi process: a methodology used for the elicitation of opinions of experts Rand Corp Santa Monica CA (1968)12 M.A. Komolafe, O.E. Olorunmoteni, F.O. Fehintola Effect of health education on level of awareness and knowledge of Nigerian in-school adolescents on stroke and its risk factors J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 29 (2020), p. 10475713 A. Muacevic, J. Adler, D. Nemade, M. Beckett, J. Nolte, V. Shivkumar Make kids stroke-smart: a community based interventional study Cureus, 12 (2021)14 D. Song, E. Tanaka, K. Lee, S. Sato, M. Koga, Y.D. Kim, et al. Factors associated with early hospital arrival in patients with acute ischemic stroke J Stroke, 17 (2015), p. 15915 A. Ishigami, C. Yokota, K. Nishimura, S. Ohyama, S. Tomari, T. Hino, et al. Delivering knowledge of stroke to parents through their children using a manga for stroke education in elementary school J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 26 (2017), pp. 431-43716 S. Bansilal, R. Vedanthan, J.C. Kovacic, A.V. Soto, J. Latina, J.L. Björkegren, et al. Rationale and design of Family-Based Approach in a Minority Community Integrating Systems – Biology for Promotion of Health (FAMILIA) Am Heart J, 187 (2017), pp. 170-18117 C. Ottawa, L.A. Sposato, F. Nabbouh, G. Saposnik Stroke preparedness in children: translating knowledge into behavioral intent: a systematic review and meta-analysis Int J Stroke, 10 (2015), pp. 1008-101361ICTStrokeMobile appMobile applicationEducationTICIctusAppAplicaciónEducaciónPublicationORIGINALEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdfEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdfapplication/pdf820663https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a56daa9f-3d3d-4f2f-a6be-71159457f913/download88babbc838e5fe2cf911562a5f1427f3MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7f083a99-dd29-418c-8277-5405ee544df3/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdf.txtEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdf.txttext/plain24334https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7558b8b4-b75c-4412-85fe-7ecd7f2fda6e/download985b25efda9dc091588401e7dcb03313MD53THUMBNAILEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdf.jpgEffectiveness of a digital application to improve stroke knowledge for kids.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg15046https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/39b6b78e-b594-4c94-8980-6a81583cb6f8/downloadd55b9130930afdac34fbe6e0b8fbe3b8MD5411323/9087oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/90872024-09-17 10:58:06.13https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares