Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

In this research, the presence of microplastics was detected through a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of three wastewater treatment plants. One of these plants applied only a preliminary treatment stage while the others applied up to a secondary treatment stage to evaluate their ef...

Full description

Autores:
Hernández Fernández, Joaquín
Cano, Heidis
Guerra, Yoleima
Puello Polo, Esneyder
Ríos-Rojas, John Fredy
Vivas-Reyes, Ricardo
Oviedo, Juan
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9325
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9325
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Efficiency
Wastewater treatment plants
Microplastics
Pollution
Removal
Rights
openAccess
License
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
id RCUC2_3e1353aa50e3dc78414439a64d54aa01
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9325
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
title Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
spellingShingle Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
Efficiency
Wastewater treatment plants
Microplastics
Pollution
Removal
title_short Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
title_full Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
title_fullStr Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
title_full_unstemmed Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
title_sort Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Hernández Fernández, Joaquín
Cano, Heidis
Guerra, Yoleima
Puello Polo, Esneyder
Ríos-Rojas, John Fredy
Vivas-Reyes, Ricardo
Oviedo, Juan
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Hernández Fernández, Joaquín
Cano, Heidis
Guerra, Yoleima
Puello Polo, Esneyder
Ríos-Rojas, John Fredy
Vivas-Reyes, Ricardo
Oviedo, Juan
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Efficiency
Wastewater treatment plants
Microplastics
Pollution
Removal
topic Efficiency
Wastewater treatment plants
Microplastics
Pollution
Removal
description In this research, the presence of microplastics was detected through a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of three wastewater treatment plants. One of these plants applied only a preliminary treatment stage while the others applied up to a secondary treatment stage to evaluate their effectiveness. The results showed the presence of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which were classified as fragments, fibers or granules. During the evaluation of the plants, it was determined that the preliminary treatment did not remove more than 58% of the microplastics, while the plants applying up to a secondary treatment with activated sludge achieved microplastic removal effectiveness between 90% and 96.9%.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-01T20:48:11Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-01T20:48:11Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-20
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Hernández Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Guerra, Y.; Puello Polo, E.; Ríos-Rojas, J.F.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Oviedo, J. Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4920. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9325
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.3390/su14094920
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2071-1050
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Hernández Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Guerra, Y.; Puello Polo, E.; Ríos-Rojas, J.F.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Oviedo, J. Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4920. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920
10.3390/su14094920
2071-1050
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9325
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Sustainability
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Picó, Y.; Soursou, V.; Alfarhan, A.H.; El-Sheikh, M.A.; Barceló, D. First evidence of microplastics occurrence in mixed surface and treated wastewater from two major Saudi Arabian cities and assessment of their ecological risk. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 416, 125747. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
2. Mallow, O.; Spacek, S.; Schwarzböck, T.; Fellner, J.; Rechberger, H. A new thermoanalytical method for the quantification of microplastics in industrial wastewater. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 259, 113862. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Hamidian, A.H.; Ozumchelouei, E.J.; Feizi, F.; Wu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, M. A review on the characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A source for toxic chemicals. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 295, 126480. [CrossRef]
4. Hidayaturrahman, H.; Lee, T.-G. A study on characteristics of microplastic in wastewater of South Korea: Identification, quantification, and fate of microplastics during treatment process. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 146, 696–702. [CrossRef]
5. Expósito, N.; Rovira, J.; Sierra, J.; Folch, J.; Schuhmacher, M. Microplastics levels, size, morphology and composition in marine water, sediments and sand beaches. Case study of Tarragona coast (western Mediterranean). Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 786, 147453. [CrossRef]
6. Bogdanowicz, A.; Zubrowska-Sudol, M.; Krasinski, A.; Sudol, M. Cross-Contamination as a Problem in Collection and Analysis of Environmental Samples Containing Microplastics—A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12123. [CrossRef]
7. Prajapati, S.; Beal, M.; Maley, J.; Brinkmann, M. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics and microfiber contamination in effluents of the City of Saskatoon wastewater treatment plant. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021, 28, 32545–32553. [CrossRef]
8. Yuan, F.; Zhao, H.; Sun, H.; Zhao, J.; Sun, Y. Abundance, morphology, and removal efficiency of microplastics in two wastewater treatment plants in Nanjing, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020, 28, 9327–9337. [CrossRef]
9. Cao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Ruan, Y.; Wu, R.; Chen, L.; Zhang, K.; Lam, K.S.P. Intra-day microplastic variations in wastewater: A case study of a sewage treatment plant in Hong Kong. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 160, 111535. [CrossRef]
10. Uheida, A.; Mejía, H.G.; Abdel-Rehim, M.; Hamd, W.; Dutta, J. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics in a continuous water flow system. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020, 406, 124299. [CrossRef]
11. Maddah, H.A. Polypropylene as a promising plastic: A review. Am. J. Polym. Sci. 2016, 6, 1–11.
12. Lu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Deng, Y.; Jiang, W.; Zhao, Y.; Geng, J.; Ding, L.; Ren, H.-Q. Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 4054–4060. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Schirinzi, G.F.; Llorca, M.; Seró, R.; Moyano, E.; Barceló, D.; Abad, E.; Farré, M. Trace analysis of polystyrene microplastics in natural waters. Chemosphere 2019, 236, 124321. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. Xu, Z.; Bai, X.; Ye, Z. Removal and generation of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A review. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 291, 125982. [CrossRef]
15. Habib, R.Z.; Al Kendi, R.; Thiemann, T. The Effect of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Retainment of Plastic Microparticles to Enhance Water Quality—A Review. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 12, 161–195. [CrossRef]
16. Taurino, R.; Pozzi, P.; Zanasi, T. Facile characterization of polymer fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for mechanical recycling. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 2601–2607. [CrossRef]
17. Okoffo, E.D.; O’Brien, S.; O’Brien, J.W.; Tscharke, B.J.; Thomas, K.V. Wastewater treatment plants as a source of plastics in the environment: A review of occurrence, methods for identification, quantification and fate. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 2019, 5, 1908–1931. [CrossRef]
18. Schindler, A.; Doedt, M.; Gezgin, ¸S.; Menzel, J.; Schmölzer, S. Identification of polymers by means of DSC, TG, STA and computer-assisted database search. J. Therm. Anal. 2017, 129, 833–842. [CrossRef]
19. Edo, C.; González-Pleiter, M.; Leganés, F.; Fernández-Piñas, F.; Rosal, R. Fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental dispersion with effluent and sludge. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 259, 113837. [CrossRef]
20. Bratovcic, A. Degradation of Micro- and Nano-Plastics by Photocatalytic Methods. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Appl. 2017, 3, 1–9. [CrossRef]
21. Franco, A.; Arellano, J.; Albendín, G.; Rodríguez-Barroso, R.; Zahedi, S.; Quiroga, J.; Coello, M. Mapping microplastics in Cadiz (Spain): Occurrence of microplastics in municipal and industrial wastewaters. J. Water Process Eng. 2020, 38, 101596. [CrossRef]
22. Hernández-Fernández, J.; Lopez-Martinez, J.; Barceló, D. Quantification and elimination of substituted synthetic phenols and volatile organic compounds in the wastewater treatment plant during the production of industrial scale polypropylene. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128027. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
23. Sutton, R.; Mason, S.A.; Stanek, S.K.; Willis-Norton, E.; Wren, I.F.; Box, C. Microplastic contamination in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016, 109, 230–235. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Ziajahromi, S.; Neale, P.A.; Silveira, I.T.; Chua, A.; Leusch, F.D. An audit of microplastic abundance throughout three Australian wastewater treatment plants. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128294. [CrossRef]
25. Habib, R.Z.; al Kindi, R.; Thiemann, T. The Effect of Wastewater Treatment Methods on the Retainment of Plastic Microparticles. In Wastewater Treatment; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2021. [CrossRef]
26. Cristaldi, A.; Fiore, M.; Zuccarello, P.; Conti, G.O.; Grasso, A.; Nicolosi, I.; Copat, C.; Ferrante, M. Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) for Microplastic Removal: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8014. [CrossRef]
27. Alvim, C.B.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza-Roca, J.-A. Separation and identification of microplastics from primary and secondary effluents and activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 402, 126293. [CrossRef]
28. Bitter, H.; Lackner, S. First quantification of semi-crystalline microplastics in industrial wastewaters.Chemosphere 2020, 258, 127388. [CrossRef]
29. Heo, N.W.; Hong, S.H.; Han, G.M.; Hong, S.; Lee, J.; Song, Y.K.; Jang, M.; Shim, W.J. Distribution of small plastic debris in cross-section and high strandline on Heungnam beach, South Korea. Ocean Sci. J. 2013, 48, 225–233. [CrossRef]
30. Hidalgo-Ruz, V.; Thiel, M. Distribution and abundance of small plastic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): A study supported by a citizen science project. Mar. Environ. Res. 2013, 87–88, 12–18. [CrossRef]
31. Bank, M.S. Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2022. [CrossRef]
32. Shim, W.J.; Hong, S.H.; Eo, S.E. Identification methods in microplastic analysis: A review. Anal. Methods 2016, 9, 1384–1391. [CrossRef]
33. Hernández-Fernandez, J.; Rodríguez, E. Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in industrial wastewater from polypropylene production using solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2019, 1607, 460442. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
34. He, S.; Jia, M.; Xiang, Y.; Song, B.; Xiong, W.; Cao, J.; Peng, H.; Yang, Y.; Wang, W.; Yang, Z.; et al. Biofilm on microplastics in aqueous environment: Physicochemical properties and environmental implications. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 424, 127286. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
35. Hernández-Fernández, J.; Rayón, E.; López, J.; Arrieta, M.P. Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polypropylene by Blending with Low Amounts of Natural Antioxidants. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2019, 304, 1900379. [CrossRef]
36. Bitter, H.; Lackner, S. Fast and easy quantification of semi-crystalline microplastics in exemplary environmental matrices by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 423, 129941. [CrossRef]
37. Majewsky, M.; Bitter, H.; Eiche, E.; Horn, H. Determination of microplastic polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in environmental samples using thermal analysis (TGA-DSC). Sci. Total Environ. 2016, 568, 507–511. [CrossRef]
38. Mansa, R.; Zou, S. Thermogravimetric analysis of microplastics: A mini review. Environ. Adv. 2021, 5, 100117. [CrossRef]
39. Chialanza, M.R.; Sierra, I.; Parada, A.P.; Fornaro, L. Identification and quantitation of semi-crystalline microplastics using image analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018, 25, 16767–16775. [CrossRef]
40. Werme, C.; Codiga, D.; Libby, P.; Carroll; Charlestra, L.; Keay, K. 2020 Outfall Monitoring Overview; Massachusetts Water Resources Authority: Boston, MA, USA, 2021.
41. Birocchi, P.; Dottori, M.; Costa, C.D.G.R.; Leite, J.R.B. Study of three domestic sewage submarine outfall plumes through the use of numerical modeling in the São Sebastião channel, São Paulo state, Brazil. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 2021, 42, 101647. [CrossRef]
42. Ziajahromi, S.; Neale, P.A.; Rintoul, L.; Leusch, F.D.L. Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: Development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics. Water Res. 2017, 112, 93–99. [CrossRef]
43. Shabaka, S.H.; Ghobashy, M.; Marey, R.S. Identification of marine microplastics in Eastern Harbor, Mediterranean Coast of Egypt, using differential scanning calorimetry. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 142, 494–503. [CrossRef]
44. Turan, N.B.; Erkan, H.S.; Engin, G.O. Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, fate and identification. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2020, 146, 77–84. [CrossRef]
45. Choong, W.S.; Hadibarata, T.; Yuniarto, A.; Tang, K.H.D.; Abdullah, F.; Syafrudin, M.; Al Farraj, D.A.; Al-Mohaimeed, A.M. Characterization of microplastics in the water and sediment of Baram River estuary, Borneo Island. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 172, 112880. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
46. Liu, W.; Zhang, J.; Liu, H.; Guo, X.; Zhang, X.; Yao, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, T. A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: Characteristics and mechanisms. Environ. Int. 2020, 146, 106277. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
47. Mintenig, S.; Int-Veen, I.; Löder, M.; Primpke, S.; Gerdts, G. Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Res. 2017, 108, 365–372. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
48. Mahon, A.M.; O’Connell, B.; Healy, M.; O’Connor, I.; Officer, R.; Nash, R.; Morrison, L. Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: Effects of Treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 51, 810–818. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
49. Siddiqui, M.N.; Gondal, M.A.; Redhwi, H.H. Identification of different type of polymers in plastics waste. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 2008, 43, 1303–1310. [CrossRef]
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 10
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 9
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 14
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 10 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv MDPI AG
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Switzerland
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4920
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/22f73f3e-d46c-4103-a9ed-ab7b1f4781d5/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a3ad6a5e-a22f-46fe-96ce-8127d9fa1c94/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9c106982-da18-426f-a00d-5cd71692dc20/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6ce50c17-6aa4-4825-8e2b-ada1a338a15e/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 563a7aabe38e95a26a29ccf1c220e870
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
b45be1fa530941dee87525d652369b6a
67c4192cf547c0cca424363c1bfc3b35
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760720074768384
spelling Hernández Fernández, JoaquínCano, HeidisGuerra, YoleimaPuello Polo, EsneyderRíos-Rojas, John FredyVivas-Reyes, RicardoOviedo, Juan2022-07-01T20:48:11Z2022-07-01T20:48:11Z2022-04-20Hernández Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Guerra, Y.; Puello Polo, E.; Ríos-Rojas, J.F.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Oviedo, J. Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4920. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094920https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9325https://doi.org/10.3390/su1409492010.3390/su140949202071-1050Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this research, the presence of microplastics was detected through a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of three wastewater treatment plants. One of these plants applied only a preliminary treatment stage while the others applied up to a secondary treatment stage to evaluate their effectiveness. The results showed the presence of polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which were classified as fragments, fibers or granules. During the evaluation of the plants, it was determined that the preliminary treatment did not remove more than 58% of the microplastics, while the plants applying up to a secondary treatment with activated sludge achieved microplastic removal effectiveness between 90% and 96.9%.10 páginasapplication/pdfengMDPI AGSwitzerland© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Identification and quantification of microplastics in effluents of wastewater treatment plant by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/4920Sustainability1. Picó, Y.; Soursou, V.; Alfarhan, A.H.; El-Sheikh, M.A.; Barceló, D. First evidence of microplastics occurrence in mixed surface and treated wastewater from two major Saudi Arabian cities and assessment of their ecological risk. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 416, 125747. [CrossRef] [PubMed]2. Mallow, O.; Spacek, S.; Schwarzböck, T.; Fellner, J.; Rechberger, H. A new thermoanalytical method for the quantification of microplastics in industrial wastewater. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 259, 113862. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Hamidian, A.H.; Ozumchelouei, E.J.; Feizi, F.; Wu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, M. A review on the characteristics of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A source for toxic chemicals. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 295, 126480. [CrossRef]4. Hidayaturrahman, H.; Lee, T.-G. A study on characteristics of microplastic in wastewater of South Korea: Identification, quantification, and fate of microplastics during treatment process. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 146, 696–702. [CrossRef]5. Expósito, N.; Rovira, J.; Sierra, J.; Folch, J.; Schuhmacher, M. Microplastics levels, size, morphology and composition in marine water, sediments and sand beaches. Case study of Tarragona coast (western Mediterranean). Sci. Total Environ. 2021, 786, 147453. [CrossRef]6. Bogdanowicz, A.; Zubrowska-Sudol, M.; Krasinski, A.; Sudol, M. Cross-Contamination as a Problem in Collection and Analysis of Environmental Samples Containing Microplastics—A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12123. [CrossRef]7. Prajapati, S.; Beal, M.; Maley, J.; Brinkmann, M. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics and microfiber contamination in effluents of the City of Saskatoon wastewater treatment plant. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021, 28, 32545–32553. [CrossRef]8. Yuan, F.; Zhao, H.; Sun, H.; Zhao, J.; Sun, Y. Abundance, morphology, and removal efficiency of microplastics in two wastewater treatment plants in Nanjing, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2020, 28, 9327–9337. [CrossRef]9. Cao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Ruan, Y.; Wu, R.; Chen, L.; Zhang, K.; Lam, K.S.P. Intra-day microplastic variations in wastewater: A case study of a sewage treatment plant in Hong Kong. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2020, 160, 111535. [CrossRef]10. Uheida, A.; Mejía, H.G.; Abdel-Rehim, M.; Hamd, W.; Dutta, J. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics in a continuous water flow system. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020, 406, 124299. [CrossRef]11. Maddah, H.A. Polypropylene as a promising plastic: A review. Am. J. Polym. Sci. 2016, 6, 1–11.12. Lu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Deng, Y.; Jiang, W.; Zhao, Y.; Geng, J.; Ding, L.; Ren, H.-Q. Uptake and Accumulation of Polystyrene Microplastics in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Toxic Effects in Liver. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 4054–4060. [CrossRef] [PubMed]13. Schirinzi, G.F.; Llorca, M.; Seró, R.; Moyano, E.; Barceló, D.; Abad, E.; Farré, M. Trace analysis of polystyrene microplastics in natural waters. Chemosphere 2019, 236, 124321. [CrossRef] [PubMed]14. Xu, Z.; Bai, X.; Ye, Z. Removal and generation of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: A review. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 291, 125982. [CrossRef]15. Habib, R.Z.; Al Kendi, R.; Thiemann, T. The Effect of Wastewater Treatment Plants on Retainment of Plastic Microparticles to Enhance Water Quality—A Review. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 12, 161–195. [CrossRef]16. Taurino, R.; Pozzi, P.; Zanasi, T. Facile characterization of polymer fractions from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for mechanical recycling. Waste Manag. 2010, 30, 2601–2607. [CrossRef]17. Okoffo, E.D.; O’Brien, S.; O’Brien, J.W.; Tscharke, B.J.; Thomas, K.V. Wastewater treatment plants as a source of plastics in the environment: A review of occurrence, methods for identification, quantification and fate. Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. 2019, 5, 1908–1931. [CrossRef]18. Schindler, A.; Doedt, M.; Gezgin, ¸S.; Menzel, J.; Schmölzer, S. Identification of polymers by means of DSC, TG, STA and computer-assisted database search. J. Therm. Anal. 2017, 129, 833–842. [CrossRef]19. Edo, C.; González-Pleiter, M.; Leganés, F.; Fernández-Piñas, F.; Rosal, R. Fate of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental dispersion with effluent and sludge. Environ. Pollut. 2019, 259, 113837. [CrossRef]20. Bratovcic, A. Degradation of Micro- and Nano-Plastics by Photocatalytic Methods. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Appl. 2017, 3, 1–9. [CrossRef]21. Franco, A.; Arellano, J.; Albendín, G.; Rodríguez-Barroso, R.; Zahedi, S.; Quiroga, J.; Coello, M. Mapping microplastics in Cadiz (Spain): Occurrence of microplastics in municipal and industrial wastewaters. J. Water Process Eng. 2020, 38, 101596. [CrossRef]22. Hernández-Fernández, J.; Lopez-Martinez, J.; Barceló, D. Quantification and elimination of substituted synthetic phenols and volatile organic compounds in the wastewater treatment plant during the production of industrial scale polypropylene. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128027. [CrossRef] [PubMed]23. Sutton, R.; Mason, S.A.; Stanek, S.K.; Willis-Norton, E.; Wren, I.F.; Box, C. Microplastic contamination in the San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2016, 109, 230–235. [CrossRef] [PubMed]24. Ziajahromi, S.; Neale, P.A.; Silveira, I.T.; Chua, A.; Leusch, F.D. An audit of microplastic abundance throughout three Australian wastewater treatment plants. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128294. [CrossRef]25. Habib, R.Z.; al Kindi, R.; Thiemann, T. The Effect of Wastewater Treatment Methods on the Retainment of Plastic Microparticles. In Wastewater Treatment; IntechOpen: London, UK, 2021. [CrossRef]26. Cristaldi, A.; Fiore, M.; Zuccarello, P.; Conti, G.O.; Grasso, A.; Nicolosi, I.; Copat, C.; Ferrante, M. Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) for Microplastic Removal: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8014. [CrossRef]27. Alvim, C.B.; Bes-Piá, M.; Mendoza-Roca, J.-A. Separation and identification of microplastics from primary and secondary effluents and activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 402, 126293. [CrossRef]28. Bitter, H.; Lackner, S. First quantification of semi-crystalline microplastics in industrial wastewaters.Chemosphere 2020, 258, 127388. [CrossRef]29. Heo, N.W.; Hong, S.H.; Han, G.M.; Hong, S.; Lee, J.; Song, Y.K.; Jang, M.; Shim, W.J. Distribution of small plastic debris in cross-section and high strandline on Heungnam beach, South Korea. Ocean Sci. J. 2013, 48, 225–233. [CrossRef]30. Hidalgo-Ruz, V.; Thiel, M. Distribution and abundance of small plastic debris on beaches in the SE Pacific (Chile): A study supported by a citizen science project. Mar. Environ. Res. 2013, 87–88, 12–18. [CrossRef]31. Bank, M.S. Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2022. [CrossRef]32. Shim, W.J.; Hong, S.H.; Eo, S.E. Identification methods in microplastic analysis: A review. Anal. Methods 2016, 9, 1384–1391. [CrossRef]33. Hernández-Fernandez, J.; Rodríguez, E. Determination of phenolic antioxidants additives in industrial wastewater from polypropylene production using solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 2019, 1607, 460442. [CrossRef] [PubMed]34. He, S.; Jia, M.; Xiang, Y.; Song, B.; Xiong, W.; Cao, J.; Peng, H.; Yang, Y.; Wang, W.; Yang, Z.; et al. Biofilm on microplastics in aqueous environment: Physicochemical properties and environmental implications. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 424, 127286. [CrossRef] [PubMed]35. Hernández-Fernández, J.; Rayón, E.; López, J.; Arrieta, M.P. Enhancing the Thermal Stability of Polypropylene by Blending with Low Amounts of Natural Antioxidants. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2019, 304, 1900379. [CrossRef]36. Bitter, H.; Lackner, S. Fast and easy quantification of semi-crystalline microplastics in exemplary environmental matrices by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 423, 129941. [CrossRef]37. Majewsky, M.; Bitter, H.; Eiche, E.; Horn, H. Determination of microplastic polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in environmental samples using thermal analysis (TGA-DSC). Sci. Total Environ. 2016, 568, 507–511. [CrossRef]38. Mansa, R.; Zou, S. Thermogravimetric analysis of microplastics: A mini review. Environ. Adv. 2021, 5, 100117. [CrossRef]39. Chialanza, M.R.; Sierra, I.; Parada, A.P.; Fornaro, L. Identification and quantitation of semi-crystalline microplastics using image analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018, 25, 16767–16775. [CrossRef]40. Werme, C.; Codiga, D.; Libby, P.; Carroll; Charlestra, L.; Keay, K. 2020 Outfall Monitoring Overview; Massachusetts Water Resources Authority: Boston, MA, USA, 2021.41. Birocchi, P.; Dottori, M.; Costa, C.D.G.R.; Leite, J.R.B. Study of three domestic sewage submarine outfall plumes through the use of numerical modeling in the São Sebastião channel, São Paulo state, Brazil. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci. 2021, 42, 101647. [CrossRef]42. Ziajahromi, S.; Neale, P.A.; Rintoul, L.; Leusch, F.D.L. Wastewater treatment plants as a pathway for microplastics: Development of a new approach to sample wastewater-based microplastics. Water Res. 2017, 112, 93–99. [CrossRef]43. Shabaka, S.H.; Ghobashy, M.; Marey, R.S. Identification of marine microplastics in Eastern Harbor, Mediterranean Coast of Egypt, using differential scanning calorimetry. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2019, 142, 494–503. [CrossRef]44. Turan, N.B.; Erkan, H.S.; Engin, G.O. Microplastics in wastewater treatment plants: Occurrence, fate and identification. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 2020, 146, 77–84. [CrossRef]45. Choong, W.S.; Hadibarata, T.; Yuniarto, A.; Tang, K.H.D.; Abdullah, F.; Syafrudin, M.; Al Farraj, D.A.; Al-Mohaimeed, A.M. Characterization of microplastics in the water and sediment of Baram River estuary, Borneo Island. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 172, 112880. [CrossRef] [PubMed]46. Liu, W.; Zhang, J.; Liu, H.; Guo, X.; Zhang, X.; Yao, X.; Cao, Z.; Zhang, T. A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: Characteristics and mechanisms. Environ. Int. 2020, 146, 106277. [CrossRef] [PubMed]47. Mintenig, S.; Int-Veen, I.; Löder, M.; Primpke, S.; Gerdts, G. Identification of microplastic in effluents of waste water treatment plants using focal plane array-based micro-Fourier-transform infrared imaging. Water Res. 2017, 108, 365–372. [CrossRef] [PubMed]48. Mahon, A.M.; O’Connell, B.; Healy, M.; O’Connor, I.; Officer, R.; Nash, R.; Morrison, L. Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: Effects of Treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 51, 810–818. [CrossRef] [PubMed]49. Siddiqui, M.N.; Gondal, M.A.; Redhwi, H.H. Identification of different type of polymers in plastics waste. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 2008, 43, 1303–1310. [CrossRef]101914EfficiencyWastewater treatment plantsMicroplasticsPollutionRemovalPublicationORIGINALIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdfIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdfapplication/pdf832048https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/22f73f3e-d46c-4103-a9ed-ab7b1f4781d5/download563a7aabe38e95a26a29ccf1c220e870MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a3ad6a5e-a22f-46fe-96ce-8127d9fa1c94/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdf.txtIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdf.txttext/plain43141https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/9c106982-da18-426f-a00d-5cd71692dc20/downloadb45be1fa530941dee87525d652369b6aMD53THUMBNAILIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdf.jpgIdentification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).pdf.jpgimage/jpeg15744https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6ce50c17-6aa4-4825-8e2b-ada1a338a15e/download67c4192cf547c0cca424363c1bfc3b35MD5411323/9325oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/93252024-09-17 10:47:40.897https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares