Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces

Actual studies in military training support the use of new methodological approaches such as high intensity interval training and inverse periodization training rather than conventional approaches. However, the application and analysis of success of these new methodologies are as yet unknown. The mi...

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Autores:
Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco
Pelarigo, Jailton
Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2019
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5255
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5255
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Psychophysiological intervention
Special operations
Military forces
Rights
openAccess
License
CC0 1.0 Universal
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/5255
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
title Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
spellingShingle Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
Psychophysiological intervention
Special operations
Military forces
title_short Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
title_full Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
title_fullStr Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
title_full_unstemmed Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
title_sort Psychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forces
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco
Pelarigo, Jailton
Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco
Pelarigo, Jailton
Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Psychophysiological intervention
Special operations
Military forces
topic Psychophysiological intervention
Special operations
Military forces
description Actual studies in military training support the use of new methodological approaches such as high intensity interval training and inverse periodization training rather than conventional approaches. However, the application and analysis of success of these new methodologies are as yet unknown. The military adapted the civil reverse periodization training system, composed of 6 wk and five sessions per week. For the first 3 wk soldiers performed two sessions with the objective of increasing the maximal strength of the upper and lower body muscles, and three sessions of short high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In the following 3 wk they combined two endurance HIIT and two resistance HIIT sessions with military equipment while conducting a military task. After the training a significant body mass index decrease was found, along with an increase in lower limb muscular strength, aerobic and anaerobic performance, resilience, stress tolerance, and psychological flexibility. Regarding the ratio of acceptance there was an increased ratio compared to previous years of 7%. In addition, married soldiers with children presented greater resilience, stress tolerance, psychological flexibility, and a higher ratio of success. Accepted soldiers presented greater psychological status and stress tolerance, highlighting the importance of the work of the unit psychologists to reinforce and monitor the psychometric profile of the soldiers as well as their intrinsic characteristics of personality and emotionality. The greater baseline physical condition and higher performance in all physical tests proves how reverse periodization training models are a great stimuli and training approach in soldiers. Stress, psychological flexibility, performance, periodization, aerobic performance.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-09-11T15:29:26Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-09-11T15:29:26Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2019
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Beilock SL, DeCaro MS . From poor performance to success under stress: working memory, strategy selection, and mathematical problem solving under pressure . J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007; 33( 6): 983 – 998. 2. Buchheit M, Laursen PB . High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. S ports Med. 2 013; 4 3( 5 ) :3 13– 3 38. 3. Bullock SH, Jones BH, Gilchrist J, Marshall SW . Prevention of physical training – related injuries: recommendations for the military and other active populations based on expedited systematic reviews . Am J Prev Med. 2010; 38( 1): S156 – S181 . 4. Chachamovich E, Fleck M, Laidlaw K, Power M . Impact of major depression and subsyndromal symptoms on quality of life and attitudes toward aging in an international sample of older adults . Gerontologist. 2008 ; 48 ( 5 ): 593 – 602 . 5. Clemente-Suárez VJ . Periodized training achieves better autonomic modulation and aerobic performance than non-periodized training . J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 ; 58 ( 11 ): 1559 – 1564 . 6. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Dalamitros AA, Nikolaidis PT . Th e eff ect of a short-term training period on physiological parameters and running performance: intensity distribution versus constant-intensity exercise . J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2 018; 5 8( 1 -2) :1 – 7 . 7. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Delgado-Moreno R, González B, Ortega J, Ramos-Campo DJ . Amateur endurance triathletes ’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity based training . Physiol Behav. 2019 ; 205: 2 – 8. 8. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Delgado-Moreno R, González-Gómez B, Robles-Pérez JJ . Respuesta psicofisiológica en un salto táctico paracaidista HAHO: caso de Estudio . Sanid Mil. 2015 ; 71 ( 3 ): 179 – 182 . 9. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Fernandes RJ, Arroyo-Toledo JJ, Figueiredo P, González-Ravé JM, Vilas-Boas JP . Autonomic adaptation aft er traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations . Acta Physiol Hung. 2015 ; 102( 1): 105 – 113 . 10. Clemente ‐ Suarez VJ, Palomera PR, Robles‐ Pérez JJ . Psycho-physiological response to acute ‐ high ‐ stress combat situations in professional soldiers . Stress Health. 2018; 34( 2): 247 – 252. 11. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Organic response in a combat simulation. S anid Mil. 2 012; 6 8( 2 ) :9 7– 1 00. 12. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Analysis of physiological markers, cortical activation and strength manifestations in a simulated combat. Arch Med Deporte. 2012; 2012( 149): 594 – 600. 13. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Psycho-physiological response of soldiers in urban combat . Annee Psychol. 2013; 29( 2): 598 – 603. 14. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Mechanical, physical, and physiological analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical combat . J Strength Cond Res. 2013; 27( 9): 2420 – 2426 . 15. Coutts AJ, Slattery KM, Wallace LK . Practical tests for monitoring performance, fatigue and recovery in triathletes . J Sci Med Sport. 2007 ; 10( 6): 372 – 381 . 16. Delgado-Moreno R, Robles-Pérez JJ, Aznar S, Clemente-Suarez VJ . Inalambric biofeedback devices to analyze strength manifestation in military population . J Med Syst. 2018; 42( 4): 60 . 17. D elgado-Moreno R, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Combat stress decreases memory of warfighters in action . J Med Syst. 2017 ; 41 ( 8 ): 124 . 18. Friedl KE, Knapik JJ, Häkkinen K, Baumgartner N, Groeller H, et al. Perspectives on aerobic and strength infl uences on military physical readiness: report of an international military physiology roundtable . J Strength Cond Res. 2015; 29( Suppl. 11): S10 – S23 . 19. Harman EA, Gutekunst DJ, Frykman PN, Nindl BC, Alemany JA, et al. Eff ects of two diff erent eight-week training programs on military physical performance . J Strength Cond Res. 2008; 22( 2): 524 – 534 . 20. Hawley JA . Molecular responses to strength and endurance training: are they incompatible? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 ; 34 ( 3 ): 355 –361 . 21. Heinrich KM, Spencer V, Fehl N, Carlos Poston WS . Mission essential fi tness: comparison of functional circuit training to traditional Army physical training for active duty military . Mil Med. 2012 ; 177 ( 10 ): 1125 –1130 . 22. Hoge CW, Auchterlonie JL, Milliken CS . Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan . JAMA. 2006 ; 295 ( 9 ):1023 – 1032 . 23. Hsu LL, Nevin RL, Tobler SK, Rubertone MV . Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old applicants to the United States military, 1993 –2 006. J Adolesc Health. 2 007; 4 1( 6 ) :6 10– 6 12. 24. Kato T . Development of the Coping Flexibility Scale: Evidence for the coping fl exibility hypothesis. J Couns Psychol. 2012; 59( 2): 262 – 273 . 25. Santtila M, Pihlainen K, Viskari J, Kyröläinen H . Optimal physical training during military basic training period . J Strength Cond Res. 2015 ; 29( Suppl. 11): S154 – S157 . 26. Scheier MF, Wrosch C, Baum A, Cohen S, Martire LM, et al. Th e life engagement test: assessing purpose in life . J Behav Med. 2006; 29( 3): 291 –298 . 27. Schoenfeld B, Dawes J . High-intensity interval training: applications for general fi tness training . Strength Condit J. 2009 ; 31 ( 6 ): 44 – 46 . 28. Sedeaud A, Marc A, Marck A, Dor F, Schipman J, et al. BMI, a performance parameter for speed improvement. PLoS One. 2014; 9( 2): e90183 . 29. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suarez VJ . Effect of experience, equipment and fi re actions in psychophysiological response and memory of soldiers in actual underground operations . Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 ; 128 : 40 – 46 . 30. Tornero-Aguilera JG, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Resisted and endurance high intensity interval training for combat preparedness . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90( 1): 32 – 36 . 31. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Eff ect of combat stress in the psychophysiological response of elite and non-elite soldiers. J Med Syst. 2017; 41( 6): 100 . 32. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Use of psychophysiological portable devices to analyse stress response in diff erent experienced soldiers . J Med Syst. 2018 ; 42 ( 4 ): 75 . 33. Wong PL, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Dellal A, Wisloff U . Eff ect of preseason concurrent muscular strength and high-intensity interval training in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2010; 24( 3): 653 – 660 .
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spelling Tornero Aguilera, José FranciscoPelarigo, JailtonClemente Suárez, Vicente Javier2019-09-11T15:29:26Z2019-09-11T15:29:26Z20192375-63142375-6322https://hdl.handle.net/11323/5255Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Actual studies in military training support the use of new methodological approaches such as high intensity interval training and inverse periodization training rather than conventional approaches. However, the application and analysis of success of these new methodologies are as yet unknown. The military adapted the civil reverse periodization training system, composed of 6 wk and five sessions per week. For the first 3 wk soldiers performed two sessions with the objective of increasing the maximal strength of the upper and lower body muscles, and three sessions of short high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In the following 3 wk they combined two endurance HIIT and two resistance HIIT sessions with military equipment while conducting a military task. After the training a significant body mass index decrease was found, along with an increase in lower limb muscular strength, aerobic and anaerobic performance, resilience, stress tolerance, and psychological flexibility. Regarding the ratio of acceptance there was an increased ratio compared to previous years of 7%. In addition, married soldiers with children presented greater resilience, stress tolerance, psychological flexibility, and a higher ratio of success. Accepted soldiers presented greater psychological status and stress tolerance, highlighting the importance of the work of the unit psychologists to reinforce and monitor the psychometric profile of the soldiers as well as their intrinsic characteristics of personality and emotionality. The greater baseline physical condition and higher performance in all physical tests proves how reverse periodization training models are a great stimuli and training approach in soldiers. Stress, psychological flexibility, performance, periodization, aerobic performance.Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-0747-8133-600Pelarigo, Jailton-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-1066-7787-600Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier-0000-0002-2397-2801-600engAerospace medicine and human performanceCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Psychophysiological interventionSpecial operationsMilitary forcesPsychophysiological intervention to improve Preparedness in military special operations forcesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Beilock SL, DeCaro MS . From poor performance to success under stress: working memory, strategy selection, and mathematical problem solving under pressure . J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2007; 33( 6): 983 – 998. 2. Buchheit M, Laursen PB . High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. S ports Med. 2 013; 4 3( 5 ) :3 13– 3 38. 3. Bullock SH, Jones BH, Gilchrist J, Marshall SW . Prevention of physical training – related injuries: recommendations for the military and other active populations based on expedited systematic reviews . Am J Prev Med. 2010; 38( 1): S156 – S181 . 4. Chachamovich E, Fleck M, Laidlaw K, Power M . Impact of major depression and subsyndromal symptoms on quality of life and attitudes toward aging in an international sample of older adults . Gerontologist. 2008 ; 48 ( 5 ): 593 – 602 . 5. Clemente-Suárez VJ . Periodized training achieves better autonomic modulation and aerobic performance than non-periodized training . J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 ; 58 ( 11 ): 1559 – 1564 . 6. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Dalamitros AA, Nikolaidis PT . Th e eff ect of a short-term training period on physiological parameters and running performance: intensity distribution versus constant-intensity exercise . J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2 018; 5 8( 1 -2) :1 – 7 . 7. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Delgado-Moreno R, González B, Ortega J, Ramos-Campo DJ . Amateur endurance triathletes ’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity based training . Physiol Behav. 2019 ; 205: 2 – 8. 8. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Delgado-Moreno R, González-Gómez B, Robles-Pérez JJ . Respuesta psicofisiológica en un salto táctico paracaidista HAHO: caso de Estudio . Sanid Mil. 2015 ; 71 ( 3 ): 179 – 182 . 9. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Fernandes RJ, Arroyo-Toledo JJ, Figueiredo P, González-Ravé JM, Vilas-Boas JP . Autonomic adaptation aft er traditional and reverse swimming training periodizations . Acta Physiol Hung. 2015 ; 102( 1): 105 – 113 . 10. Clemente ‐ Suarez VJ, Palomera PR, Robles‐ Pérez JJ . Psycho-physiological response to acute ‐ high ‐ stress combat situations in professional soldiers . Stress Health. 2018; 34( 2): 247 – 252. 11. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Organic response in a combat simulation. S anid Mil. 2 012; 6 8( 2 ) :9 7– 1 00. 12. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Analysis of physiological markers, cortical activation and strength manifestations in a simulated combat. Arch Med Deporte. 2012; 2012( 149): 594 – 600. 13. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Psycho-physiological response of soldiers in urban combat . Annee Psychol. 2013; 29( 2): 598 – 603. 14. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Robles-Pérez JJ . Mechanical, physical, and physiological analysis of symmetrical and asymmetrical combat . J Strength Cond Res. 2013; 27( 9): 2420 – 2426 . 15. Coutts AJ, Slattery KM, Wallace LK . Practical tests for monitoring performance, fatigue and recovery in triathletes . J Sci Med Sport. 2007 ; 10( 6): 372 – 381 . 16. Delgado-Moreno R, Robles-Pérez JJ, Aznar S, Clemente-Suarez VJ . Inalambric biofeedback devices to analyze strength manifestation in military population . J Med Syst. 2018; 42( 4): 60 . 17. D elgado-Moreno R, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Combat stress decreases memory of warfighters in action . J Med Syst. 2017 ; 41 ( 8 ): 124 . 18. Friedl KE, Knapik JJ, Häkkinen K, Baumgartner N, Groeller H, et al. Perspectives on aerobic and strength infl uences on military physical readiness: report of an international military physiology roundtable . J Strength Cond Res. 2015; 29( Suppl. 11): S10 – S23 . 19. Harman EA, Gutekunst DJ, Frykman PN, Nindl BC, Alemany JA, et al. Eff ects of two diff erent eight-week training programs on military physical performance . J Strength Cond Res. 2008; 22( 2): 524 – 534 . 20. Hawley JA . Molecular responses to strength and endurance training: are they incompatible? Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 ; 34 ( 3 ): 355 –361 . 21. Heinrich KM, Spencer V, Fehl N, Carlos Poston WS . Mission essential fi tness: comparison of functional circuit training to traditional Army physical training for active duty military . Mil Med. 2012 ; 177 ( 10 ): 1125 –1130 . 22. Hoge CW, Auchterlonie JL, Milliken CS . Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan . JAMA. 2006 ; 295 ( 9 ):1023 – 1032 . 23. Hsu LL, Nevin RL, Tobler SK, Rubertone MV . Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old applicants to the United States military, 1993 –2 006. J Adolesc Health. 2 007; 4 1( 6 ) :6 10– 6 12. 24. Kato T . Development of the Coping Flexibility Scale: Evidence for the coping fl exibility hypothesis. J Couns Psychol. 2012; 59( 2): 262 – 273 . 25. Santtila M, Pihlainen K, Viskari J, Kyröläinen H . Optimal physical training during military basic training period . J Strength Cond Res. 2015 ; 29( Suppl. 11): S154 – S157 . 26. Scheier MF, Wrosch C, Baum A, Cohen S, Martire LM, et al. Th e life engagement test: assessing purpose in life . J Behav Med. 2006; 29( 3): 291 –298 . 27. Schoenfeld B, Dawes J . High-intensity interval training: applications for general fi tness training . Strength Condit J. 2009 ; 31 ( 6 ): 44 – 46 . 28. Sedeaud A, Marc A, Marck A, Dor F, Schipman J, et al. BMI, a performance parameter for speed improvement. PLoS One. 2014; 9( 2): e90183 . 29. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suarez VJ . Effect of experience, equipment and fi re actions in psychophysiological response and memory of soldiers in actual underground operations . Int J Psychophysiol. 2018 ; 128 : 40 – 46 . 30. Tornero-Aguilera JG, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Resisted and endurance high intensity interval training for combat preparedness . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90( 1): 32 – 36 . 31. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Eff ect of combat stress in the psychophysiological response of elite and non-elite soldiers. J Med Syst. 2017; 41( 6): 100 . 32. Tornero-Aguilera JF, Robles-Pérez JJ, Clemente-Suárez VJ . Use of psychophysiological portable devices to analyse stress response in diff erent experienced soldiers . J Med Syst. 2018 ; 42 ( 4 ): 75 . 33. Wong PL, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Dellal A, Wisloff U . Eff ect of preseason concurrent muscular strength and high-intensity interval training in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2010; 24( 3): 653 – 660 .PublicationORIGINALPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdfPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdfapplication/pdf523398https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e7de9a52-f712-4913-a110-45afd52db3bd/download75bae1ccf582d1fce90c56f0eb230259MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8701https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/1cf5391e-b09d-4268-a95e-709fd0b15e2f/download42fd4ad1e89814f5e4a476b409eb708cMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/22ea2949-c01f-459d-b470-2bc49b6e183a/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53THUMBNAILPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdf.jpgPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg60353https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a45809bc-4e0d-4746-bf3b-407f8656ce90/download7a678c45d2d3e5a5b52caf72fd5aa6d9MD55TEXTPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdf.txtPsychophysiological intervention to improve preparedness in military special operation forces.pdf.txttext/plain33685https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/31411e53-8310-4b75-a793-5f8ea0774191/download36ded5a9a8ef9b40f79994614a5740e2MD5611323/5255oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/52552024-09-17 14:05:56.763http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/CC0 1.0 Universalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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