Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite
In this research, the solid–liquid adsorption systems for MSAC (PbFe2O4 spinel-activated carbon)-phenol and pristine activated carbon-phenol were scrutinized from the thermodynamics and statistical physics (sta-phy) viewpoints. Experimental results indicated that MSAC composite outperformed pristine...
- Autores:
-
Allahkarami, Esmaeil
Dehghan Monfared, Abolfazl
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
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- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10377
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10377
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Chemical engineering
Engineering
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| title |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| spellingShingle |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite Chemical engineering Engineering |
| title_short |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| title_full |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| title_fullStr |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| title_sort |
Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Allahkarami, Esmaeil Dehghan Monfared, Abolfazl Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Dotto, Guilherme Luiz |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Allahkarami, Esmaeil Dehghan Monfared, Abolfazl Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe Dotto, Guilherme Luiz |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Chemical engineering Engineering |
| topic |
Chemical engineering Engineering |
| description |
In this research, the solid–liquid adsorption systems for MSAC (PbFe2O4 spinel-activated carbon)-phenol and pristine activated carbon-phenol were scrutinized from the thermodynamics and statistical physics (sta-phy) viewpoints. Experimental results indicated that MSAC composite outperformed pristine AC for the uptake of phenol from waste streams. By increasing the process temperature, the amount of phenol adsorbed onto both adsorbents, MSAC composite and pristine AC, decreased. Thermodynamic evaluations for MSAC demonstrated the spontaneous and exothermic characteristics of the adsorption process, while positive values of ΔG for pristine AC indicated a non-spontaneous process of phenol adsorption in all temperatures. In a mechanistic investigation, statistical physics modeling was applied to explore the responsible mechanism for phenol adsorption onto the MSAC composite and pristine AC. The single-layer model with one energy was the best model to describe the experimental data for both adsorbents. The adsorption energies of phenol onto both adsorbents were relatively smaller than 20 kJ/mol, indicating physical interactions. By increasing temperature from 298 to 358 K, the value of the absorbed amount of phenol onto the MSAC composite and pristine AC at saturation (Qsat) decreased from 158.94 and 138.91 to 115.23 and 112.34 mg/g, respectively. Mechanistic studies confirm the significant role of metallic hydroxides in MSAC to facilitate the removal of phenol through a strong interaction with phenol molecules, as compared with pristine activated carbon. |
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2023 |
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2023-08-10T21:58:35Z |
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2023 |
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Allahkarami, E., Dehghan Monfared, A., Silva, L.F.O. et al. Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite. Sci Rep 13, 167 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27507-5 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10377 |
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10.1038/s41598-023-27507-5 |
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2045-2322 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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Allahkarami, E., Dehghan Monfared, A., Silva, L.F.O. et al. Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite. Sci Rep 13, 167 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27507-5 10.1038/s41598-023-27507-5 2045-2322 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10377 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
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eng |
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eng |
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Scientific Reports |
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1. Dehmani, Y. et al. Unravelling the adsorption mechanism of phenol on zinc oxide at various coverages via statistical physics, artifcial neural network modeling and ab initio molecular dynamics. Chem. Eng. J. 452, 139171 (2023). 2. Vakili, M. et al. Regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents used in heavy metal adsorption: A review. Sep. Purif. Technol. 224, 373–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.040 (2019). 3. Hussain, A., Dubey, S. K. & Kumar, V. Kinetic study for aerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater. Water Resour. Ind. 11, 81–90 (2015). 4. Zhou, W. et al. Electrochemical regeneration of carbon-based adsorbents: A review of regeneration mechanisms, reactors, and future prospects. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 5, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100083 (2021). 5. Omorogie, M. O., Babalola, J. O. & Unuabonah, E. I. Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: A critical review. Desalin. Water Treat. 57, 518–544 (2016). 6. Rezai, B. & Allahkarami, E. In Sof Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management (eds Karri, R. R. et al.) 35–53 (Elsevier, 2021). 7. Ochando-Pulido, J. M., Vellido-Pérez, J. A., González-Hernández, R. & Martínez-Férez, A. Optimization and modeling of twophase olive-oil washing wastewater integral treatment and phenolic compounds recovery by novel weak-base ion exchange resins. Sep. Purif. Technol. 249, 117084 (2020). 8. Kong, X., Gao, H., Song, X., Deng, Y. & Zhang, Y. Adsorption of phenol on porous carbon from Toona sinensis leaves and its mechanism. Chem. Phys. Lett. 739, 137046 (2020). 9. Gao, P., Feng, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, J. & Ren, N. Comparison of competitive and synergetic adsorption of three phenolic compounds on river sediment. Environ. Pollut. 159, 2876–2881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.047 (2011). 10. Rezai, B. & Allahkarami, E. In Sof Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management (eds Karri, R. R. et al.) 75–93 (Elsevier, 2021). 11. Cañadas, R., González-Miquel, M., González, E. J., Díaz, I. & Rodríguez, M. Hydrophobic eutectic solvents for extraction of natural phenolic antioxidants from winery wastewater. Sep. Purif. Technol. 254, 117590 (2021). 12. Barros, F., Dykes, L., Awika, J. M. & Rooney, L. W. Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from sorghum brans. J. Cereal Sci. 58, 305–312 (2013). 13. Al-Huwaidi, J. S., Al-Obaidi, M. A., Jarullah, A. T., Kara-Zaïtri, C. & Mujtaba, I. M. Modelling and simulation of a hybrid system of trickle bed reactor and multistage reverse osmosis process for the removal of phenol from wastewater. Comput. Chem. Eng. 153, 107452 (2021). 14. Salvador, F., Martin-Sanchez, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Sanchez-Montero, M. J. & Izquierdo, C. Regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents. Part I: Termal regeneration. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 202, 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso. 2014.02.045 (2015). 15. Shaker, M. & Elhamifar, D. Magnetic methylene-based mesoporous organosilica composite-supported IL/Pd: A powerful and highly recoverable catalyst for oxidative coupling of phenols and naphthols. Mater. Today Chem. 18, 100377. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.mtchem.2020.100377 (2020). 16. Supong, A. et al. Experimental and theoretical insight into the adsorption of phenol and 2, 4-dinitrophenol onto Tithonia diversifolia activated carbon. Appl. Surf. Sci. 529, 147046 (2020). 17. Wu, Y. & Ke, Z. Novel Cu-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 membranes supported on copper foam for highly efcient catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of phenol. Mater. Today Chem. 24, 100787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100787 (2022). 18. Asnaoui, H., Dehmani, Y., Khalis, M. & Hachem, E.-K. Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions by Na–bentonite: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. https://doi.org/10.1008/03067319.2020.1763328 (2020). 19. Banat, F. A., Al-Bashir, B., Al-Asheh, S. & Hayajneh, O. Adsorption of phenol by bentonite. Environ. Pollut. 107, 391–398. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00173-6 (2000). 20. Zhang, J., Qin, L., Yang, Y. & Liu, X. Porous carbon nanospheres aerogel based molecularly imprinted polymer for efcient phenol adsorption and removal from wastewater. Sep. Purif. Technol. 274, 119029 (2021). 21. Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Singh, V. K., Alexandre-Franco, M. & Pittman, C. U. Jr. Development of magnetic activated carbon from almond shells for trinitrophenol removal from water. Chem. Eng. J. 172, 1111–1125 (2011). 22. Lammini, A. et al. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of synthetized cobalt oxide for phenol adsorption: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. Arab. J. Chem. 15, 104364 (2022). 23. Dehmani, Y. et al. Kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism study of the adsorption of phenol on Moroccan clay. J. Mol. Liq. 312, 113383 (2020). 24. Mohammed, B. B. et al. Adsorptive removal of phenol using faujasite-type Y zeolite: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation studies. J. Mol. Liq. 296, 111997 (2019). 25. Allahkarami, E. & Rezai, B. Removal of cerium from diferent aqueous solutions using diferent adsorbents: A review. Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 124, 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.03.002 (2019). 26. Allahkarami, E. & Rezai, B. A literature review of cerium recovery from diferent aqueous solutions. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 9, 104956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104956 (2021). 27. Al-Ghouti, M. A. & Da’ana, D. A. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: A review. J. Hazard. Mater. 393, 122383 (2020). 28. He, S. et al. N-doped activated carbon for high-efciency ofoxacin adsorption. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 335, 111848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111848 (2022). 29. Obradović, M. et al. Ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium adsorption onto functionalized minerals: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 335, 111795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2022.111795 (2022). 30. Yahia, M. B. et al. Modeling and interpretations by the statistical physics formalism of hydrogen adsorption isotherm on LaNi4.75Fe0.25. Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 38, 11536–11542 (2013). 31. Sellaoui, L. et al. Application of statistical physics formalism to the modeling of adsorption isotherms of ibuprofen on activated carbon. Fluid Phase Equilib. 387, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuid.2014.12.018 (2015). 32. Kumar, A. et al. Phenolic compounds degradation: Insight into the role and evidence of oxygen vacancy defects engineering on nanomaterials. Sci. Total Environ. 800, 149410 (2021). 33. Dąbrowski, A., Podkościelny, P., Hubicki, Z. & Barczak, M. Adsorption of phenolic compounds by activated carbon: A critical review. Chemosphere 58, 1049–1070 (2005). 34. Hao, Z., Wang, C., Yan, Z., Jiang, H. & Xu, H. Magnetic particles modifcation of coconut shell-derived activated carbon and biochar for efective removal of phenol from water. Chemosphere 211, 962–969 (2018). 35. Lawal, A. A. et al. Adsorption mechanism and efectiveness of phenol and tannic acid removal by biochar produced from oil palm frond using steam pyrolysis. Environ. Pollut. 269, 116197 (2021). 36. Pal, A. et al. A benchmark for CO2 uptake onto newly synthesized biomass-derived activated carbons. Appl. Energy 264, 114720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114720 (2020). 37. Karthikeyan, P., Vigneshwaran, S., Preethi, J. & Meenakshi, S. Preparation of novel cobalt ferrite coated-porous carbon composite by simple chemical co-precipitation method and their mechanistic performance. Diam. Relat. Mater. 108, 107922 (2020). 38. Rocha, L. S. et al. Recent advances on the development and application of magnetic activated carbon and char for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from waters: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 718, 137272 (2020). 39. DehghanMonfared, A., Ghazanfari, M. H., Jamialahmadi, M. & Helalizadeh, A. Adsorption of silica nanoparticles onto calcite: Equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and DLVO analysis. Chem. Eng. J. 281, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.06.104 (2015). 40. Heo, J. et al. Enhanced adsorption of bisphenol A and sulfamethoxazole by a novel magnetic CuZnFe2O4–biochar composite. Biores. Technol. 281, 179–187 (2019). 41. Ansari, F., Sobhani, A. & Salavati-Niasari, M. Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis of PbFe12O19 using maltose as a novel reductant. RSC Adv. 4, 63946–63950. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11688g (2014). 42. Maaz, K., Mumtaz, A., Hasanain, S. K. & Ceylan, A. Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles prepared by wet chemical route. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 308, 289–295 (2007). 43. Allahkarami, E., Soleimanpour Moghadam, N., Jamrotbe, B. & Azadmehr, A. Competitive adsorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by vermiculite-alginate composite: Batch and fxed-bed column studies. J. Dispers. Sci. Technol. https://doi. org/10.1080/01932691.2021.2017297 (2021). 44. Allahkarami, E., Azadmehr, A., Noroozi, F., Farrokhi, S. & Sillanpää, M. Nitrate adsorption onto surface-modifed red mud in batch and fxed-bed column systems: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29, 48438–48452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19311-x (2022). 45. Dehmani, Y. et al. Review of phenol adsorption on transition metal oxides and other adsorbents. J. Water Process Eng. 49, 102965 (2022). 46. Wjihi, S., Aouaini, F., Erto, A., Balsamo, M. & Lamine, A. B. Advanced interpretation of CO2 adsorption thermodynamics onto porous solids by statistical physics formalism. Chem. Eng. J. 406, 126669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126669 (2021). 47. Li, H. et al. Facile preparation of zeolite-activated carbon composite from coal gangue with enhanced adsorption performance. Chem. Eng. J. 390, 124513 (2020). 48. Lorenc-Grabowska, E. Efect of micropore size distribution on phenol adsorption on steam activated carbons. Adsorption 22, 599–607 (2016). 49. Bandosz, T. J. Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation (Elsevier, 2006). |
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Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2023 Springer Nature Limitedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Allahkarami, EsmaeilDehghan Monfared, AbolfazlSilva Oliveira, Luis FelipeDotto, Guilherme Luiz2023-08-10T21:58:35Z2023-08-10T21:58:35Z2023Allahkarami, E., Dehghan Monfared, A., Silva, L.F.O. et al. Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite. Sci Rep 13, 167 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27507-5https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1037710.1038/s41598-023-27507-52045-2322Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this research, the solid–liquid adsorption systems for MSAC (PbFe2O4 spinel-activated carbon)-phenol and pristine activated carbon-phenol were scrutinized from the thermodynamics and statistical physics (sta-phy) viewpoints. Experimental results indicated that MSAC composite outperformed pristine AC for the uptake of phenol from waste streams. By increasing the process temperature, the amount of phenol adsorbed onto both adsorbents, MSAC composite and pristine AC, decreased. Thermodynamic evaluations for MSAC demonstrated the spontaneous and exothermic characteristics of the adsorption process, while positive values of ΔG for pristine AC indicated a non-spontaneous process of phenol adsorption in all temperatures. In a mechanistic investigation, statistical physics modeling was applied to explore the responsible mechanism for phenol adsorption onto the MSAC composite and pristine AC. The single-layer model with one energy was the best model to describe the experimental data for both adsorbents. The adsorption energies of phenol onto both adsorbents were relatively smaller than 20 kJ/mol, indicating physical interactions. By increasing temperature from 298 to 358 K, the value of the absorbed amount of phenol onto the MSAC composite and pristine AC at saturation (Qsat) decreased from 158.94 and 138.91 to 115.23 and 112.34 mg/g, respectively. Mechanistic studies confirm the significant role of metallic hydroxides in MSAC to facilitate the removal of phenol through a strong interaction with phenol molecules, as compared with pristine activated carbon.16 páginasapplication/pdfengNature Publishing GroupUnited Kingdomhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-27507-5Toward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon compositeArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Scientific Reports1. Dehmani, Y. et al. Unravelling the adsorption mechanism of phenol on zinc oxide at various coverages via statistical physics, artifcial neural network modeling and ab initio molecular dynamics. Chem. Eng. J. 452, 139171 (2023).2. Vakili, M. et al. Regeneration of chitosan-based adsorbents used in heavy metal adsorption: A review. Sep. Purif. Technol. 224, 373–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.040 (2019).3. Hussain, A., Dubey, S. K. & Kumar, V. Kinetic study for aerobic treatment of phenolic wastewater. Water Resour. Ind. 11, 81–90 (2015).4. Zhou, W. et al. Electrochemical regeneration of carbon-based adsorbents: A review of regeneration mechanisms, reactors, and future prospects. Chem. Eng. J. Adv. 5, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100083 (2021).5. Omorogie, M. O., Babalola, J. O. & Unuabonah, E. I. Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: A critical review. Desalin. Water Treat. 57, 518–544 (2016).6. Rezai, B. & Allahkarami, E. In Sof Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management (eds Karri, R. R. et al.) 35–53 (Elsevier, 2021).7. Ochando-Pulido, J. M., Vellido-Pérez, J. A., González-Hernández, R. & Martínez-Férez, A. Optimization and modeling of twophase olive-oil washing wastewater integral treatment and phenolic compounds recovery by novel weak-base ion exchange resins. Sep. Purif. Technol. 249, 117084 (2020).8. Kong, X., Gao, H., Song, X., Deng, Y. & Zhang, Y. Adsorption of phenol on porous carbon from Toona sinensis leaves and its mechanism. Chem. Phys. Lett. 739, 137046 (2020).9. Gao, P., Feng, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, J. & Ren, N. Comparison of competitive and synergetic adsorption of three phenolic compounds on river sediment. Environ. Pollut. 159, 2876–2881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.047 (2011).10. Rezai, B. & Allahkarami, E. In Sof Computing Techniques in Solid Waste and Wastewater Management (eds Karri, R. R. et al.) 75–93 (Elsevier, 2021).11. Cañadas, R., González-Miquel, M., González, E. J., Díaz, I. & Rodríguez, M. Hydrophobic eutectic solvents for extraction of natural phenolic antioxidants from winery wastewater. Sep. Purif. Technol. 254, 117590 (2021).12. Barros, F., Dykes, L., Awika, J. M. & Rooney, L. W. Accelerated solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from sorghum brans. J. Cereal Sci. 58, 305–312 (2013).13. Al-Huwaidi, J. S., Al-Obaidi, M. A., Jarullah, A. T., Kara-Zaïtri, C. & Mujtaba, I. M. Modelling and simulation of a hybrid system of trickle bed reactor and multistage reverse osmosis process for the removal of phenol from wastewater. Comput. Chem. Eng. 153, 107452 (2021).14. Salvador, F., Martin-Sanchez, N., Sanchez-Hernandez, R., Sanchez-Montero, M. J. & Izquierdo, C. Regeneration of carbonaceous adsorbents. Part I: Termal regeneration. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 202, 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso. 2014.02.045 (2015).15. Shaker, M. & Elhamifar, D. 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Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation (Elsevier, 2006).16116713Chemical engineeringEngineeringPublicationORIGINALToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdfToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf2604317https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b895fb14-b236-42c2-9311-5552c3965edf/downloadc8b9e8073891738911f985cd48286703MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/346dd1bb-5d96-4203-9605-e4c5fe7e050c/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdf.txtToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain59622https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d45b51ea-9341-4931-b76f-44f59704fd21/download1369fa505bab4fd642885dfbd2a1d979MD53THUMBNAILToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdf.jpgToward a mechanistic understanding of adsorption behavior of phenol onto a novel activated carbon composite.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16387https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/b0439fdc-e72d-4bfe-8f76-7a5b285f0f7e/download0693177e36d4b7e51b72dbb4bc3be08cMD5411323/10377oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/103772024-09-17 10:19:00.728https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 Springer Nature Limitedopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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