Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant

Researches related with the use of Natural Ester Fluids as refrigerant of power transformers has been developed in other countries with successful re-sults. In Colombia there is no a procedure to control the use of these esters in electrical apparatus, so the cur-rent implementations are regulated b...

Full description

Autores:
Silva Ortega, Jorge Iván
Zapata Rivera, Jhon Enrique
Candelo Becerra, Jhon Edwin
Rosales Hernández, Nivaldo
Umaña Ibáñez, Samir Francisco
Mejia Taboada, Mario Andrés
Palacio Bonill, Alan Rafael
Torregroza Rosas, Melissa
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2016
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2510
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Natural ester fluid
Distribution transformers
Electrical apparatus
Environment
Chemical properties
Aceite de origen vegetal
Transformadores de distribución
Equipos eléctricos
Medio ambiente
Propiedades químicas
Rights
openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
id RCUC2_1fff4256d8ac33a679d50ffaf124b426
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/2510
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Transformadores de distribución que operan con aceite de origen vegetal como dieléctrico y refrigerante
title Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
spellingShingle Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
Natural ester fluid
Distribution transformers
Electrical apparatus
Environment
Chemical properties
Aceite de origen vegetal
Transformadores de distribución
Equipos eléctricos
Medio ambiente
Propiedades químicas
title_short Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
title_full Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
title_fullStr Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
title_full_unstemmed Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
title_sort Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Silva Ortega, Jorge Iván
Zapata Rivera, Jhon Enrique
Candelo Becerra, Jhon Edwin
Rosales Hernández, Nivaldo
Umaña Ibáñez, Samir Francisco
Mejia Taboada, Mario Andrés
Palacio Bonill, Alan Rafael
Torregroza Rosas, Melissa
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Silva Ortega, Jorge Iván
Zapata Rivera, Jhon Enrique
Candelo Becerra, Jhon Edwin
Rosales Hernández, Nivaldo
Umaña Ibáñez, Samir Francisco
Mejia Taboada, Mario Andrés
Palacio Bonill, Alan Rafael
Torregroza Rosas, Melissa
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Natural ester fluid
Distribution transformers
Electrical apparatus
Environment
Chemical properties
topic Natural ester fluid
Distribution transformers
Electrical apparatus
Environment
Chemical properties
Aceite de origen vegetal
Transformadores de distribución
Equipos eléctricos
Medio ambiente
Propiedades químicas
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Aceite de origen vegetal
Transformadores de distribución
Equipos eléctricos
Medio ambiente
Propiedades químicas
description Researches related with the use of Natural Ester Fluids as refrigerant of power transformers has been developed in other countries with successful re-sults. In Colombia there is no a procedure to control the use of these esters in electrical apparatus, so the cur-rent implementations are regulated by NTC 1465 stan-dards for mineral esters. This new proposal involves the composition and the most relevant properties (the ignition resistance, impact on the lifetime of the in-sulating papers and the impact on the environment), which makes the application of natural esters fluids advantageous not only to preserve the environment but also to get a better performance of power transformers.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2016-12-19
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-14T23:04:57Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2019-02-14T23:04:57Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv J. Silva-Ortega, J. Zapata-Rivera, J. Candelo-Becerra, N. Rosales-Hernandez, S. Umaña-Ibañez, M. Mejia-Taboada, A. Palacio-Bonill and M. Torregroza, “Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant”, INGE CUC, vol. 12, No. 2, pp.79-85, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 2382-4700
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.pissn.spa.fl_str_mv 0122-6517
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv J. Silva-Ortega, J. Zapata-Rivera, J. Candelo-Becerra, N. Rosales-Hernandez, S. Umaña-Ibañez, M. Mejia-Taboada, A. Palacio-Bonill and M. Torregroza, “Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant”, INGE CUC, vol. 12, No. 2, pp.79-85, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
2382-4700
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
0122-6517
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510
https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofseries.spa.fl_str_mv INGE CUC; Vol. 12, Núm. 2 (2016)
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv INGE CUC
INGE CUC
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv [1] NTC1465, NTC 1465: Especificaciones para Aceites Minerales Nuevos. Aislantes para Transformadores, Interruptores y Equipos Eléctricos., Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas ICONTEC, 2003.
[2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003.
[3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
[4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008.
[5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011.
[6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012.
[7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989.
[8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956.
[9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005.
[10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007.
[11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999.
[12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002.
[13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004.
[14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004.
[15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006.
[16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.
[17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997.
[18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.
[19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004.
[20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009.
[21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988.
[22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005.
[23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001.
[24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998.
[25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982.
[26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998.
[27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965.
[28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 85
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 79
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 2
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 12
dc.relation.ispartofjournalabbrev.spa.fl_str_mv INGE CUC
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 7 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv INGE CUC
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a01fb1ba-c720-4906-8f61-4a5e19618e1c/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a7a1e643-6a39-4cd7-b099-c83c637ce0fa/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d635cb1c-8ef3-40fa-92e9-f4941a8df136/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/def50f36-9d2d-44ec-b78c-e0dc8f22f218/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv ce4b38554e30cc5f2755ab64c075bf00
8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
460c4db2e951a7b019d5ffd4ddb46b31
3a3e07528eba8de9c1049894a6d96777
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760742445088768
spelling Silva Ortega, Jorge IvánZapata Rivera, Jhon EnriqueCandelo Becerra, Jhon EdwinRosales Hernández, NivaldoUmaña Ibáñez, Samir FranciscoMejia Taboada, Mario AndrésPalacio Bonill, Alan RafaelTorregroza Rosas, Melissa2019-02-14T23:04:57Z2019-02-14T23:04:57Z2016-12-19J. Silva-Ortega, J. Zapata-Rivera, J. Candelo-Becerra, N. Rosales-Hernandez, S. Umaña-Ibañez, M. Mejia-Taboada, A. Palacio-Bonill and M. Torregroza, “Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolant”, INGE CUC, vol. 12, No. 2, pp.79-85, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.08https://hdl.handle.net/11323/2510https://doi.org/10.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.0810.17981/ingecuc.12.2.2016.082382-4700Corporación Universidad de la Costa0122-6517REDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Researches related with the use of Natural Ester Fluids as refrigerant of power transformers has been developed in other countries with successful re-sults. In Colombia there is no a procedure to control the use of these esters in electrical apparatus, so the cur-rent implementations are regulated by NTC 1465 stan-dards for mineral esters. This new proposal involves the composition and the most relevant properties (the ignition resistance, impact on the lifetime of the in-sulating papers and the impact on the environment), which makes the application of natural esters fluids advantageous not only to preserve the environment but also to get a better performance of power transformers.Las investigaciones en desarrollo respecto al uso de aceites de origen vegetal como refrigerantes en transformadores de distribución han tenido resultados destacados en otros países. En Colombia no existe un procedimiento para monitorear la aplicación de estos aceites en equipos eléctricos, por lo tanto, la actual implementación se regula por la norma técnica NTC 1465 para aceites de origen mineral. Esta propuesta de nueva tecnología contempla la composición y las propiedades más relevantes (resistencia a la ignición, impacto en el tiempo de vida del papel e impacto en el medio ambiente), lo cual provee de mayor número de ventajas al aceite vegetal y un mejor desempeño en eficiencia.Silva Ortega, Jorge IvánZapata Rivera, Jhon EnriqueCandelo Becerra, Jhon EdwinRosales Hernández, NivaldoUmaña Ibáñez, Samir FranciscoMejia Taboada, Mario AndrésPalacio Bonill, Alan RafaelTorregroza Rosas, Melissa7 páginasapplication/pdfengCorporación Universidad de la CostaINGE CUC; Vol. 12, Núm. 2 (2016)INGE CUCINGE CUC[1] NTC1465, NTC 1465: Especificaciones para Aceites Minerales Nuevos. Aislantes para Transformadores, Interruptores y Equipos Eléctricos., Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas ICONTEC, 2003.[2] ASTM D 6871 , D 6871 Standard Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids Used in Electrical Apparatus, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 2003.[3] ASTM D 2717 , D 2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids3, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.[4] IEEE C57.147, C57.147-2008: Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural Ester Fluids in Transformers, New York: IEEE, 2008.[5] D. Martin, N. Lelekakis y W. Guo, «Further Studies of a Vegetable-Oil-Filled Power Transformer,» IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 27, nº 5, pp. 6-14, 2011.[6] D. F. Navas, H. Cadavid y D. F. Echeverry, «Aplicación del aceite dieléctrico de origen vegetal en transformadores eléctricos1,» Revista Ingeniería, vol. 16, nº 1, pp. 201 -213, 2012.[7] ASTM D 92, D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989.[8] ASTM D 88 , D 88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1956.[9] ASTM D 97, D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products, United States: American Socity for Testing and Materials, 2005.[10] U. Biermann y J. O. Metzge, Doctoral thesis: Application of Vegetable Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil., University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 2007.[11] G. S. Cannon y L. A. Honary, «Soybean-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 5958851 A 19990928, 1999.[12] G. S. Cannon y J. A. Kotowsky, «Oxidation stability of native oils. Waverly Light and Power». United States Patente USXXAM US 6340658., 2002.[13] H. Le Chien y Y. Bertrand, «Dielectric liquid compositions based on modified oleic rapeseed oil as insulating liquids and coolants, and electric devices containing them.». France Patente FRXXBL FR 2855527 A1 20041203., 2004.[14] M. Hemmer, Doctoral thesis: Characterization of Rapeseed Oil-Based Fluids as Transformer Oil, Karlsruhe: University of Karlsruhe, 2004.[15] C. P. McShane, J. Corkran, K. Rapp y J. Luksich, «Natural ester dielectric fluid development,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2006.[16] ASTM 924 D 3300, 924 D 3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Conditions, United States: Amercian Society for Testing and Materials, 2009.[17] ASTM D 1816, D 1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Using VDE Electrodes, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1997.[18] ASTM D 1903, D 1903 Test Method for Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1996.[19] Factory Mutual Global, Separation distance, property loss prevention data sheets. (5-4 transformers, Section 2.3.1.1.1), 2004.[20] National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA., NFPA 850: Recommended Practice for Fire Protection for Electric Generating Plants and High Voltage Direct Current Converter Stations., National Fire Protection Association, 2009.[21] A. Argeros, D. Pincus, Z. Shinar y A. Sultenfuss, Undergraduate thesis: Heat of Combustion of Oils., Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania, 1988.[22] Chilworth Technology, Plainsboro N.J., «Process Safety Test Results and Interprestation for Envirotemp 200 Fluid, R-Temp Fluid, Tranelec Conventional Transformer Oil, Envirotemp FR3 Fluid, and DC 561 (Silicone Oil),» 2005.[23] C. P. McShane, K. J. Rapp, J. L. Corkran, G. A. Gauger y J. Luksich, «Aging of paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid,» IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, 2001.[24] M. Huang y X. LI, «Thermal degradation of cellulose and cellulose esters,» Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 68, nº 2, pp. 293-304, 1998.[25] R. K. Jain, K. Lal y H. L. Bhatnagar, «A kinetic study of the thermal degradation of cellulose and its derivatives,» Die Makromolekulare Chemie, vol. 183, nº 12, pp. 3003-3017, 1982.[26] T. V. Oommen y C. C. Claiborne, «Biodegradable insulating fluid from high oleic vegetable oils,» Cigré, pp. 15-302, 1998.[27] ASTM D 445, D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1965.[28] ASTM D 2766, D 2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and solids, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1995.8579212INGE CUCINGE CUChttps://revistascientificas.cuc.edu.co/ingecuc/article/view/1035Power distribution transformers using natural ester fluids as dielectric and coolantTransformadores de distribución que operan con aceite de origen vegetal como dieléctrico y refrigeranteArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Natural ester fluidDistribution transformersElectrical apparatusEnvironmentChemical propertiesAceite de origen vegetalTransformadores de distribuciónEquipos eléctricosMedio ambientePropiedades químicasPublicationORIGINALPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdfPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdfapplication/pdf388650https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a01fb1ba-c720-4906-8f61-4a5e19618e1c/downloadce4b38554e30cc5f2755ab64c075bf00MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a7a1e643-6a39-4cd7-b099-c83c637ce0fa/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52THUMBNAILPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdf.jpgPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg57867https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/d635cb1c-8ef3-40fa-92e9-f4941a8df136/download460c4db2e951a7b019d5ffd4ddb46b31MD54TEXTPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdf.txtPower Distribution Transformers using Natural Ester Fluids as Dielectric and Coolant.pdf.txttext/plain28025https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/def50f36-9d2d-44ec-b78c-e0dc8f22f218/download3a3e07528eba8de9c1049894a6d96777MD5511323/2510oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/25102024-09-17 10:55:31.045open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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

Publicaciones similares