Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis

To model the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic including new VOCs and vaccines and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program in Colombia. We developed a SEIARHUDSq micro-simulation model through nine exhaustive and mutually exclusive states: susceptible, exposed, symptomatic-infecte...

Full description

Autores:
Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos
ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.
Diaz-Jimenez, D
Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9388
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9388
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
COVID-19
Vaccination
Colombia
Rights
embargoedAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id RCUC2_1df2c58e48097b090b6e85595780ce43
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9388
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
title Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
spellingShingle Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
COVID-19
Vaccination
Colombia
title_short Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
title_full Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
title_fullStr Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
title_full_unstemmed Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
title_sort Cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysis
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos
ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.
Diaz-Jimenez, D
Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos
ALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.
Diaz-Jimenez, D
Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Vaccination
topic COVID-19
Vaccination
Colombia
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Colombia
description To model the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic including new VOCs and vaccines and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program in Colombia. We developed a SEIARHUDSq micro-simulation model through nine exhaustive and mutually exclusive states: susceptible, exposed, symptomatic-infected, asymptomatic-infected, recovered, hospitalized general ward, Intensive Care Unit, death, and sequela. SEIARHUDSq was run with data reported up to October 21, 2021, and adjusted as a system of differential equations based on epidemiological (cases, deaths, VOCs, vaccine effectiveness, etc.) and economic (vaccines prices and administration, direct medical costs of states, etc.) inputs obtained from national sources and systematic literature reviews. DALYs and ICERs showed the burden of COVID-19 and the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program. Two scenarios, in addition to do-nothing, were modelled for infection rates (Beta) estimated by an agnostic model: 1) Beta=0.4 and 2) Beta=0.5, for 70 and 90% of vaccination coverages. The effect of the vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, AstraZeneca, and Janssen) was assumed 14 after their application. Willingness-to-pay was set as one GDP per capita (US$5,376). We reported costs in American dollars (1$US=COP$3,702). In Do-nothing scenario the DALYs ranges between 2.3 and 2.4 million. By vaccinating the population, the burden of disease decreased to under 2.15 million DALYs. If 70% of the population were vaccinated, direct medical and vaccination costs (including administration) would be between US$2.1-2.4 billion for a Beta of 0.4-0.5, respectively (net costs). Costs would vary between US$2.3 and 2.4 billion at 90% simulated coverage. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia have been cost-effective for Beta=0.4 scenario (ICER 70% coverage: US$995.5; ICER 90% coverage: US$1,837) and for Beta=0.5 (ICER 90% coverage: US$1,792). The scenario for Beta=0,5 (ICER 70% coverage) was dominated. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia, prioritizing elderly and population with comorbidities, has been highly cost-effective in most of the modeled scenarios.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-19T18:49:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-19T18:49:51Z
2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv C Castañeda-Orjuela, N Alvis-Zakzuk, D Diaz-Jimenez, N Alvis-Guzman, EE71 Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia: A Micro-Simulation Modelling Analysis, Value in Health, Volume 25, Issue 7, Supplement, 2022, Page S348, ISSN 1098-3015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325.
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1098-3015
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9388
dc.identifier.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325
dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1524-4733
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv C Castañeda-Orjuela, N Alvis-Zakzuk, D Diaz-Jimenez, N Alvis-Guzman, EE71 Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia: A Micro-Simulation Modelling Analysis, Value in Health, Volume 25, Issue 7, Supplement, 2022, Page S348, ISSN 1098-3015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325.
1098-3015
10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325
1524-4733
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9388
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Value in Health
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 7
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 25
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cf
eu_rights_str_mv embargoedAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 2 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.country.none.fl_str_mv Colombia
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Elsevier Ltd.
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv United Kingdom
institution Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/article/S1098-3015(22)00526-5/fulltext#%20
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58f9544f-2e60-4f3d-94b6-3881cbeaba7b/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a32d538d-ddf7-4164-b806-580d3befa21c/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4507a14d-cdc3-4333-b84c-c5d27acef251/download
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a0918485-4d50-4c3e-a380-4c7c2319fd4d/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 07e4b151df4ae4102d18924eefa4b443
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad
ed45a95bfb1e141e94b3c0af1acf8317
a904dc7bb526405d5c27cff731f0ab68
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repdigital@cuc.edu.co
_version_ 1811760801096138752
spelling Castañeda-Orjuela, CarlosALVIS-ZAKZUK, NELSON J.Diaz-Jimenez, DAlvis-Guzmán, Nelson2022-07-19T18:49:51Z20232022-07-19T18:49:51Z2022C Castañeda-Orjuela, N Alvis-Zakzuk, D Diaz-Jimenez, N Alvis-Guzman, EE71 Cost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia: A Micro-Simulation Modelling Analysis, Value in Health, Volume 25, Issue 7, Supplement, 2022, Page S348, ISSN 1098-3015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.325.1098-3015https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9388https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.32510.1016/j.jval.2022.04.3251524-4733Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/To model the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic including new VOCs and vaccines and estimate the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program in Colombia. We developed a SEIARHUDSq micro-simulation model through nine exhaustive and mutually exclusive states: susceptible, exposed, symptomatic-infected, asymptomatic-infected, recovered, hospitalized general ward, Intensive Care Unit, death, and sequela. SEIARHUDSq was run with data reported up to October 21, 2021, and adjusted as a system of differential equations based on epidemiological (cases, deaths, VOCs, vaccine effectiveness, etc.) and economic (vaccines prices and administration, direct medical costs of states, etc.) inputs obtained from national sources and systematic literature reviews. DALYs and ICERs showed the burden of COVID-19 and the cost-effectiveness of the vaccination program. Two scenarios, in addition to do-nothing, were modelled for infection rates (Beta) estimated by an agnostic model: 1) Beta=0.4 and 2) Beta=0.5, for 70 and 90% of vaccination coverages. The effect of the vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, AstraZeneca, and Janssen) was assumed 14 after their application. Willingness-to-pay was set as one GDP per capita (US$5,376). We reported costs in American dollars (1$US=COP$3,702). In Do-nothing scenario the DALYs ranges between 2.3 and 2.4 million. By vaccinating the population, the burden of disease decreased to under 2.15 million DALYs. If 70% of the population were vaccinated, direct medical and vaccination costs (including administration) would be between US$2.1-2.4 billion for a Beta of 0.4-0.5, respectively (net costs). Costs would vary between US$2.3 and 2.4 billion at 90% simulated coverage. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia have been cost-effective for Beta=0.4 scenario (ICER 70% coverage: US$995.5; ICER 90% coverage: US$1,837) and for Beta=0.5 (ICER 90% coverage: US$1,792). The scenario for Beta=0,5 (ICER 70% coverage) was dominated. COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia, prioritizing elderly and population with comorbidities, has been highly cost-effective in most of the modeled scenarios.2 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier Ltd.United KingdomAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfCost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia: a micro-simulation modelling analysisArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttps://www.valueinhealthjournal.com/article/S1098-3015(22)00526-5/fulltext#%20ColombiaValue in Health725COVID-19VaccinationColombiaPublicationORIGINALCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdfCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdfapplication/pdf65091https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/58f9544f-2e60-4f3d-94b6-3881cbeaba7b/download07e4b151df4ae4102d18924eefa4b443MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a32d538d-ddf7-4164-b806-580d3befa21c/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdf.txtCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdf.txttext/plain2366https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/4507a14d-cdc3-4333-b84c-c5d27acef251/downloaded45a95bfb1e141e94b3c0af1acf8317MD53THUMBNAILCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdf.jpgCost-Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination in Colombia.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg16427https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/a0918485-4d50-4c3e-a380-4c7c2319fd4d/downloada904dc7bb526405d5c27cff731f0ab68MD5411323/9388oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/93882024-09-17 12:45:50.929https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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