Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future

The demographic structure of Latin American countries (LAC) is fast approaching that of developing countries, and the predicted prevalence of dementia in the former already exceeds the latter. Dementia has been declared a global challenge, yet regions around the world show differences in both the na...

Full description

Autores:: Parra, Mario Alfredo
Baez, Sandra Jimena
Allegri, Ricardo Francisco
Nitrini, Ricardo
Lopera Restrepo, Francisco Javier
Slachevsky, A
Custodio, Nilton
Lira, David
Piguet, Olivier
Kumfor, Fiona
Huepe, David
Cogram, Patricia
Bak, Thomas
Manes, Facundo Francisco
Ibanez, Agustin

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2018

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: eng

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network_acronym_str	RCUC2
network_name_str	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
title	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
spellingShingle	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future Argentina Article Brazil Budget Caribbean Chile Clinical practice Colombia Community care Consensus Cuba Cultural factor Dementia Epidemiological monitoring Evidence based practice Health care access Health care facility Health care personnel Health care policy Health care utilization Human Intersectoral collaboration Introspection landscape Mexico Peru Population research Poverty Priority journal Professional standard Social status Social stigma South and central America Staff training Time management Transitional care Translational research
title_short	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
title_full	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
title_fullStr	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
title_full_unstemmed	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
title_sort	Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Parra, Mario Alfredo Baez, Sandra Jimena Allegri, Ricardo Francisco Nitrini, Ricardo Lopera Restrepo, Francisco Javier Slachevsky, A Custodio, Nilton Lira, David Piguet, Olivier Kumfor, Fiona Huepe, David Cogram, Patricia Bak, Thomas Manes, Facundo Francisco Ibanez, Agustin
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Parra, Mario Alfredo Baez, Sandra Jimena Allegri, Ricardo Francisco Nitrini, Ricardo Lopera Restrepo, Francisco Javier Slachevsky, A Custodio, Nilton Lira, David Piguet, Olivier Kumfor, Fiona Huepe, David Cogram, Patricia Bak, Thomas Manes, Facundo Francisco Ibanez, Agustin
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Argentina Article Brazil Budget Caribbean Chile Clinical practice Colombia Community care Consensus Cuba Cultural factor Dementia Epidemiological monitoring Evidence based practice Health care access Health care facility Health care personnel Health care policy Health care utilization Human Intersectoral collaboration Introspection landscape Mexico Peru Population research Poverty Priority journal Professional standard Social status Social stigma South and central America Staff training Time management Transitional care Translational research
topic	Argentina Article Brazil Budget Caribbean Chile Clinical practice Colombia Community care Consensus Cuba Cultural factor Dementia Epidemiological monitoring Evidence based practice Health care access Health care facility Health care personnel Health care policy Health care utilization Human Intersectoral collaboration Introspection landscape Mexico Peru Population research Poverty Priority journal Professional standard Social status Social stigma South and central America Staff training Time management Transitional care Translational research
description	The demographic structure of Latin American countries (LAC) is fast approaching that of developing countries, and the predicted prevalence of dementia in the former already exceeds the latter. Dementia has been declared a global challenge, yet regions around the world show differences in both the nature and magnitude of such a challenge. This article provides evidence and insights on barriers which, if overcome, would enable the harmonization of strategies to tackle the dementia challenge in LAC. First, we analyze the lack of available epidemiologic data, the need for standardizing clinical practice and improving physician training, and the existing barriers regarding resources, culture, and stigmas. We discuss how these are preventing timely care and research. Regarding specific health actions, most LAC have minimal mental health facilities and do not have specific mental health policies or budgets specific to dementia. In addition, local regulations may need to consider the regional context when developing treatment and prevention strategies. The support needed nationally and internationally to enable a smooth and timely transition of LAC to a position that integrates global strategies is highlighted. We focus on shared issues of poverty, cultural barriers, and socioeconomic vulnerability. We identify avenues for collaboration aimed to study unique populations, improve valid assessment methods, and generate opportunities for translational research, thus establishing a regional network. The issues identified here point to future specific actions aimed at tackling the dementia challenge in LAC.
publishDate	2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2018-11-22T13:55:13Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2018-11-22T13:55:13Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2018-06-30
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
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dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv	00283878
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11323/1693
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
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identifier_str_mv	00283878 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url	http://hdl.handle.net/11323/1693 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	1. Shah H, Albanese E, Duggan C, et al. Research priorities to reduce the global burden of dementia by 2025. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1285–1294. 2. A neurology revival in Latin America. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:1143. 3. Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report: Executive Summary. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International;2009. 4. Manes F. The huge burden of dementia in Latin America. Lancet Neurol 2016;15: 29. 5. Kalaria RN, Maestre GE, Arizaga R, et al. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:812–826. 6. Dubois B, Hampel H, Feldman HH, et al. Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. Alzheimers Dement 2016;12:292–323. 7. Reiman EM, Langbaum JB, Fleisher AS, et al. Alzheimer’s prevention initiative: a plan to accelerate the evaluation of presymptomatic treatments. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2011;26 (suppl 3):321–329. 8. Sperling RA, Karlawish J, Johnson KA. Preclinical Alzheimer disease: the challenges ahead. Nat Rev Neurol 2013;9:54–58. 9. Fox CJ, Lafortune L, Boustani M, Brayne C. The pros and cons of early diagnosis in dementia. Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:e510–e512. 10. Brayne C, Fox CJ, Boustani M. Dementia screening in primary care: is it time? JAMA 2007;298:2409–2411. 11. Cece Y, Shifu X. Are the revised diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease useful in low- and middle-income countries? Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2015;27:119–123. 12. Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MM, et al. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 2016;388: 505–517. 13. Prince MJ, Wimo A, Guerchet MM, Ali GC, Wu YT, Prina M. World Alzheimer Report 2015: The Global Impact of Dementia.London: Alzheimer’s Disease International;2015. 14. Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2015. The Global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost & trends. World Alzheimer Report 2015. Available at: alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2015. Accessed 2016. 15. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribeiro W, Ferri CP. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9: 63–75. 16. World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Dementia: A Public Health Priority. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. 17. Jackson RL, Aparici G, Nakashima K, Strauss R, Howe N. Latin America’s Aging Challenge: Demographics and Retirement Policy in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies; 2009. 18. Sosa AL, Albanese E, Stephan BC, et al. Prevalence, distribution, and impact of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 population-based study. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001170. 19. Llibre Rodriguez JJ, Ferri CP, Acosta D, et al. Prevalence of dementia in Latin America, India, and China: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2008; 372:464–474. 20. Prince M, Acosta D, Ferri CP, et al. Dementia incidence and mortality in middleincome countries, and associations with indicators of cognitive reserve: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study. Lancet 2012;380:50–58. 21. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005;366:2112–2117. 22. Mehta KM, Yeo GW. Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in US race/ethnic populations. Alzheimers Dement 2016;13:72–83. 23. Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Torres AR, Crepaldi AL, et al. Identification of dementia cases in the community: a Brazilian experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1738–1742. 24. Maestre GE, Pino-Ramirez G, Molero AE, et al. The Maracaibo Aging Study: population and methodological issues. Neuroepidemiology 2002;21:194–201. 25. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, et al. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts: Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 2000;54:S4–S9. 26. Sousa RM, Ferri CP, Acosta D, et al. Contribution of chronic diseases to disability in elderly people in countries with low and middle incomes: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey. Lancet 2009;374:1821–1830. 27. Prince M, Comas-Herrera A, Knapp M, Guerchet M, Karagiannidou M. World Alzheimer Report 2016: Improving Healthcare for People Living With Dementia: Coverage, Quality and Costs Now and in the Future. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International; 2016. 28. Gleichgerrcht E, Flichtentrei D, Manes F. How much do physicians in Latin America know about behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia? J Mol Neurosci 2011;45: 609–617. 29. Quiroz YT, Lopera F, Budson AE. Charting the path for early diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2011;11:1665–1667. 30. Gonzalez FJ, Gaona C, Quintero M, Chavez CA, Selga J, Maestre GE. Building capacity for dementia care in Latin America and the Caribbean. Dement Neuropsychol 2014;8:310–316. 31. Ottersen OP, Dasgupta J, Blouin C, et al. The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change. Lancet 2014;383:630–667. 32. Savedoff WD, de Ferranti D, Smith AL, Fan V. Political and economic aspects of the transition to universal health coverage. Lancet 2012;380:924–932. 33. Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW. The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings. J Aging Health 2013;25:3S–20S. 34. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2255–2263. 35. Munoz-Neira C, Lopez OL, Riveros R, Nunez-Huasaf J, Flores P, Slachevsky A. The technology–activities of daily living questionnaire: a version with a technology-related subscale. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012;33:361–371. 36. Baez S, Ibanez A. Dementia in Latin America: an emergent silent tsunami. Front Aging Neurosci 2016;8:253. 37. Reitz C, Mayeux R. Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease in Caribbean Hispanic and African American populations. Biol Psychiatry 2014;75:534–541. 38. Sedeno L, Piguet O, Abrevaya S, et al. Tackling variability: a multicenter study to provide a gold-standard network approach for frontotemporal dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017;38:3804–3822. 39. Garcia AM, Abrevaya S, Kozono G, et al. The cerebellum and embodied semantics: evidence from a case of genetic ataxia due to STUB1 mutations. J Med Genet 2017;54: 114–124. 40. Dottori M, Sedeno L, Martorell Caro M, et al. Towards affordable biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia: a classification study via network’s information sharing. Sci Rep 2017;7:3822. 41. Abrevaya S, Sedeno L, Fitipaldi S, et al. The road less traveled: alternative pathways for action-verb processing in Parkinson’s disease. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2017;55: 1429–1435. 42. Sedeño L, Couto B, Garc´ıa-Cordero I, et al. Brain network organization and social executive performance in frontotemporal dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016;22: 250–262. 43. Melloni M, Billeke P, Baez S, et al. Your perspective and my benefit: multiple lesion models of self-other integration strategies during social bargaining. Brain 2016;139: 3022–3040. 44. Garc´ıa-Cordero I, Sedeño L, de la Fuente L, et al. Feeling, learning from, and being aware of inner states: interoceptive dimensions in neurodegeneration and stroke. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Bio Sci 2016;371:20160006. 45. Melloni M, Sedeno L, Hesse E, et al. Cortical dynamics and subcortical signatures of motor-language coupling in Parkinson’s disease. Sci Rep 2015;5:11899. 46. Ibanez A, Manes F. Contextual social cognition and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2012;78:1354–1362. 47. Pietto M, Parra MA, Trujillo N, et al. Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of memory binding deficits in patients at different risk levels for Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016;53:1325–1340. 48. Parra MA, Saarimaki H, Bastin ME, et al. Memory binding and white matter integrity in familial Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2015;138:1355–1369. 49. Parra MA, Abrahams S, Logie RH, Mendez LG, Lopera F, Della Sala S. Visual short-term memory binding deficits in familial Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2010;133:2702–2713. 50. Garcia-Cordero I, Sedeno L, Fraiman D, et al. Stroke and neurodegeneration induce different connectivity aberrations in the insula. Stroke 2015;46:2673–2677. 51. Baez S, Pino M, Berrio M, et al. Corticostriatal signatures of schadenfreude: evidence from Huntington’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018;89:112–116. 52. Lawlor DA, Tilling K, Davey Smith G. Triangulation in aetiological epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2016;45:1866–1886. 53. Ardiles AO, Tapia-Rojas CC, Mandal M, et al. Postsynaptic dysfunction is associated with spatial and object recognition memory loss in a natural model of Alzheimer’s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:13835–13840. 54. Parra M. Overcoming barriers in cognitive assessment of Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2014;8:95–98. 55. Ibanez A, Parra MA. Mapping memory binding ontothe connectome’stemporal dynamics: toward a combined biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2014;8:237. 56. Scally B, Calderon P, Anghinah R, Parra M. Event-related potentials in the continuum of Alzheimer’s disease: would they suit recent guidelines for preclinical assessment? J Clin Diagn Res 2016;4.
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spelling	Parra, Mario Alfredo427531a5a04ceed2d494c3a74ae4f26eBaez, Sandra Jimena9bd8fcdd40507bf04ae562ecdcd7d085Allegri, Ricardo Francisco1338ced07b77c07cd3c37886a7446068Nitrini, Ricardo2fd410db8e26cb9c32e424768616d2bdLopera Restrepo, Francisco Javiera7b341d3456bf36e7eb69ee474240679Slachevsky, A4104b6e1b0e9586d62c73fa473a85937Custodio, Nilton414aa211e36386a74cecf394939df4bdLira, David31fafcc4726651ef99374c44be98aff4Piguet, Olivierd9182ca6d14cecf34c4f769b5b688f23Kumfor, Fiona0efcc5ba33d279cf08a975c3efcba5c4Huepe, David30edb5059bf3e5318d35684e8489f4feCogram, Patricia37f5d33a6be2a175c3b47028b0d5b805Bak, Thomasad3d5cd881723fdac4a47627d295c9b8Manes, Facundo Franciscode5c8b074034606fb38242fcb0c81f2fIbanez, Agustin5651f48ed729d40e1f51f1177fbdb6762018-11-22T13:55:13Z2018-11-22T13:55:13Z2018-06-3000283878http://hdl.handle.net/11323/1693Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The demographic structure of Latin American countries (LAC) is fast approaching that of developing countries, and the predicted prevalence of dementia in the former already exceeds the latter. Dementia has been declared a global challenge, yet regions around the world show differences in both the nature and magnitude of such a challenge. This article provides evidence and insights on barriers which, if overcome, would enable the harmonization of strategies to tackle the dementia challenge in LAC. First, we analyze the lack of available epidemiologic data, the need for standardizing clinical practice and improving physician training, and the existing barriers regarding resources, culture, and stigmas. We discuss how these are preventing timely care and research. Regarding specific health actions, most LAC have minimal mental health facilities and do not have specific mental health policies or budgets specific to dementia. In addition, local regulations may need to consider the regional context when developing treatment and prevention strategies. The support needed nationally and internationally to enable a smooth and timely transition of LAC to a position that integrates global strategies is highlighted. We focus on shared issues of poverty, cultural barriers, and socioeconomic vulnerability. We identify avenues for collaboration aimed to study unique populations, improve valid assessment methods, and generate opportunities for translational research, thus establishing a regional network. The issues identified here point to future specific actions aimed at tackling the dementia challenge in LAC.engNeurologyAtribución – No comercial – Compartir igualinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2ArgentinaArticleBrazilBudgetCaribbeanChileClinical practiceColombiaCommunity careConsensusCubaCultural factorDementiaEpidemiological monitoringEvidence based practiceHealth care accessHealth care facilityHealth care personnelHealth care policyHealth care utilizationHumanIntersectoral collaborationIntrospectionlandscapeMexicoPeruPopulation researchPovertyPriority journalProfessional standardSocial statusSocial stigmaSouth and central AmericaStaff trainingTime managementTransitional careTranslational researchDementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the futureArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion1. Shah H, Albanese E, Duggan C, et al. Research priorities to reduce the global burden of dementia by 2025. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1285–1294. 2. A neurology revival in Latin America. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:1143. 3. Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report: Executive Summary. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International;2009. 4. Manes F. The huge burden of dementia in Latin America. Lancet Neurol 2016;15: 29. 5. Kalaria RN, Maestre GE, Arizaga R, et al. Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: prevalence, management, and risk factors. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:812–826. 6. Dubois B, Hampel H, Feldman HH, et al. Preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: definition, natural history, and diagnostic criteria. Alzheimers Dement 2016;12:292–323. 7. Reiman EM, Langbaum JB, Fleisher AS, et al. Alzheimer’s prevention initiative: a plan to accelerate the evaluation of presymptomatic treatments. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2011;26 (suppl 3):321–329. 8. Sperling RA, Karlawish J, Johnson KA. Preclinical Alzheimer disease: the challenges ahead. Nat Rev Neurol 2013;9:54–58. 9. Fox CJ, Lafortune L, Boustani M, Brayne C. The pros and cons of early diagnosis in dementia. Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:e510–e512. 10. Brayne C, Fox CJ, Boustani M. Dementia screening in primary care: is it time? JAMA 2007;298:2409–2411. 11. Cece Y, Shifu X. Are the revised diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease useful in low- and middle-income countries? Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2015;27:119–123. 12. Scheltens P, Blennow K, Breteler MM, et al. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 2016;388: 505–517. 13. Prince MJ, Wimo A, Guerchet MM, Ali GC, Wu YT, Prina M. World Alzheimer Report 2015: The Global Impact of Dementia.London: Alzheimer’s Disease International;2015. 14. Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2015. The Global impact of dementia: an analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost & trends. World Alzheimer Report 2015. Available at: alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2015. Accessed 2016. 15. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribeiro W, Ferri CP. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9: 63–75. 16. World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Dementia: A Public Health Priority. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. 17. Jackson RL, Aparici G, Nakashima K, Strauss R, Howe N. Latin America’s Aging Challenge: Demographics and Retirement Policy in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies; 2009. 18. Sosa AL, Albanese E, Stephan BC, et al. Prevalence, distribution, and impact of mild cognitive impairment in Latin America, China, and India: a 10/66 population-based study. PLoS Med 2012;9:e1001170. 19. Llibre Rodriguez JJ, Ferri CP, Acosta D, et al. Prevalence of dementia in Latin America, India, and China: a population-based cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2008; 372:464–474. 20. Prince M, Acosta D, Ferri CP, et al. Dementia incidence and mortality in middleincome countries, and associations with indicators of cognitive reserve: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based cohort study. Lancet 2012;380:50–58. 21. Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, et al. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005;366:2112–2117. 22. Mehta KM, Yeo GW. Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in US race/ethnic populations. Alzheimers Dement 2016;13:72–83. 23. Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Torres AR, Crepaldi AL, et al. Identification of dementia cases in the community: a Brazilian experience. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1738–1742. 24. Maestre GE, Pino-Ramirez G, Molero AE, et al. The Maracaibo Aging Study: population and methodological issues. Neuroepidemiology 2002;21:194–201. 25. Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, et al. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts: Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology 2000;54:S4–S9. 26. Sousa RM, Ferri CP, Acosta D, et al. Contribution of chronic diseases to disability in elderly people in countries with low and middle incomes: a 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based survey. Lancet 2009;374:1821–1830. 27. Prince M, Comas-Herrera A, Knapp M, Guerchet M, Karagiannidou M. World Alzheimer Report 2016: Improving Healthcare for People Living With Dementia: Coverage, Quality and Costs Now and in the Future. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International; 2016. 28. Gleichgerrcht E, Flichtentrei D, Manes F. How much do physicians in Latin America know about behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia? J Mol Neurosci 2011;45: 609–617. 29. Quiroz YT, Lopera F, Budson AE. Charting the path for early diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2011;11:1665–1667. 30. Gonzalez FJ, Gaona C, Quintero M, Chavez CA, Selga J, Maestre GE. Building capacity for dementia care in Latin America and the Caribbean. Dement Neuropsychol 2014;8:310–316. 31. Ottersen OP, Dasgupta J, Blouin C, et al. The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change. Lancet 2014;383:630–667. 32. Savedoff WD, de Ferranti D, Smith AL, Fan V. Political and economic aspects of the transition to universal health coverage. Lancet 2012;380:924–932. 33. Tennstedt SL, Unverzagt FW. The ACTIVE study: study overview and major findings. J Aging Health 2013;25:3S–20S. 34. Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2255–2263. 35. Munoz-Neira C, Lopez OL, Riveros R, Nunez-Huasaf J, Flores P, Slachevsky A. The technology–activities of daily living questionnaire: a version with a technology-related subscale. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012;33:361–371. 36. Baez S, Ibanez A. Dementia in Latin America: an emergent silent tsunami. Front Aging Neurosci 2016;8:253. 37. Reitz C, Mayeux R. Genetics of Alzheimer’s disease in Caribbean Hispanic and African American populations. Biol Psychiatry 2014;75:534–541. 38. Sedeno L, Piguet O, Abrevaya S, et al. Tackling variability: a multicenter study to provide a gold-standard network approach for frontotemporal dementia. Hum Brain Mapp 2017;38:3804–3822. 39. Garcia AM, Abrevaya S, Kozono G, et al. The cerebellum and embodied semantics: evidence from a case of genetic ataxia due to STUB1 mutations. J Med Genet 2017;54: 114–124. 40. Dottori M, Sedeno L, Martorell Caro M, et al. Towards affordable biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia: a classification study via network’s information sharing. Sci Rep 2017;7:3822. 41. Abrevaya S, Sedeno L, Fitipaldi S, et al. The road less traveled: alternative pathways for action-verb processing in Parkinson’s disease. J Alzheimer’s Dis 2017;55: 1429–1435. 42. Sedeño L, Couto B, Garc´ıa-Cordero I, et al. Brain network organization and social executive performance in frontotemporal dementia. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016;22: 250–262. 43. Melloni M, Billeke P, Baez S, et al. Your perspective and my benefit: multiple lesion models of self-other integration strategies during social bargaining. Brain 2016;139: 3022–3040. 44. Garc´ıa-Cordero I, Sedeño L, de la Fuente L, et al. Feeling, learning from, and being aware of inner states: interoceptive dimensions in neurodegeneration and stroke. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Bio Sci 2016;371:20160006. 45. Melloni M, Sedeno L, Hesse E, et al. Cortical dynamics and subcortical signatures of motor-language coupling in Parkinson’s disease. Sci Rep 2015;5:11899. 46. Ibanez A, Manes F. 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Dementia in Latin America assessing the present and envisioning the future

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