Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory

The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied. The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were quantified under strongly acidic conditions (pH 2) at 298–328 K. The adsorption equ...

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Autores:
Dhaouadi, Fatma
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
vieillard, julien
Pinto, Diana
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Lima, Éder C.
Naushad, Mu
Aouaini, Fatma
Nasr, Samia
Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián
Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
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oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13312
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13312
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Lanthanum
Cerium
Neodymium
Adsorption
Diatomite M45
Statistical physics model
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embargoedAccess
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/13312
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
title Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
spellingShingle Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
Lanthanum
Cerium
Neodymium
Adsorption
Diatomite M45
Statistical physics model
title_short Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
title_full Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
title_fullStr Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
title_full_unstemmed Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
title_sort Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Dhaouadi, Fatma
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
vieillard, julien
Pinto, Diana
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Lima, Éder C.
Naushad, Mu
Aouaini, Fatma
Nasr, Samia
Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián
Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Dhaouadi, Fatma
Dotto, Guilherme Luiz
vieillard, julien
Pinto, Diana
Silva Oliveira, Luis Felipe
Lima, Éder C.
Naushad, Mu
Aouaini, Fatma
Nasr, Samia
Bonilla-Petriciolet, Adrián
Ben Lamine, Abdelmottaleb
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Lanthanum
Cerium
Neodymium
Adsorption
Diatomite M45
Statistical physics model
topic Lanthanum
Cerium
Neodymium
Adsorption
Diatomite M45
Statistical physics model
description The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied. The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were quantified under strongly acidic conditions (pH 2) at 298–328 K. The adsorption equilibria of these earth elements were analyzed using two statistical physics models (homogeneous and heterogeneous monolayer models). The results show that the adsorption of these ions implies a multi-ionic mechanism, which is exothermic. Si-containing functional groups are responsible for the adsorption of these rare-earth elements on the diatomite surface. A heterogeneous statistical physics model confirms that two Si-based functional groups participate in the separation of these cations. The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation follow the order: neodymium > cerium > lanthanum. Calculated interaction energies range from 28600 to 40100 J/mol, indicating physical adsorption on diatomite M45. This study demonstrates that diatomite M45 is a promising separation medium that can be used for the recovery of REEs dissolved in aqueous solutions via adsorption.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-11
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-12T19:14:02Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-09-12T19:14:02Z
2026-11
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Fatma Dhaouadi, Guilherme L. Dotto, Julien Vieillard, Diana Pinto, Luis F.O. Silva, Éder C. Lima, Mu Naushad, Fatma Aouaini, Samia Nasr, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine, Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: Experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory, Journal of Rare Earths, Volume 41, Issue 11, 2023, Pages 1805-1811, ISSN 1002-0721, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015.
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 1002-0721
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13312
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Fatma Dhaouadi, Guilherme L. Dotto, Julien Vieillard, Diana Pinto, Luis F.O. Silva, Éder C. Lima, Mu Naushad, Fatma Aouaini, Samia Nasr, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine, Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: Experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory, Journal of Rare Earths, Volume 41, Issue 11, 2023, Pages 1805-1811, ISSN 1002-0721, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015.
1002-0721
10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/13312
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Rare Earths
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Anastopoulos I, Bhatnagar A, Lima EC. Adsorption of rare earth metals: a review of recent literature. J Mol Liq. 2016;221:954.
2. Moldoveanu GA, Papangelakis VG. Recovery of rare earth elements adsorbed on clay minerals: I. Desorption mechanism. Hydrometallurgy. 2012;117e118:71.
3. Zhao F, Repo E, Meng Y, Wang X, Yin D, Sillanpa€€ a M. An EDTA-b-cyclodextrin material for the adsorption of rare earth elements and its application in preconcentration of rare earth elements in seawater. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2016;465:215.
4. Freslon N, Bayon G, Birot D, Bollinger C, Barrat JA. Determination of rare earth elements and other trace elements (Y, Mn, Co, Cr) in seawater using Tm addition and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation. Talanta. 2011;85(1):582.
5. Hatje V, Bruland KW, Flegal AR. Determination of rare earth elements after preconcentration using NOBIAS-chelate PA-1®resin: method development and application in the San Francisco Bay plume. Mar Chem. 2014;160:34.
6. Xie F, Zhang TA, Dreisinger D, Doyle F. A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions. Miner Eng. 2014;56:10.
7. Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Wang A. A simple approach to fabricate granular adsorbent for adsorption of rare elements. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;72:410.
8. dos Reis GS, Pinto D, Lütke SF, Lima EC, Silva LFO, De Brum IAS, et al. Adsorption of yttrium (Y3þ) and concentration of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel. J Rare Earths. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.04.008. Published online April 21.
9. Javadian H, Taghavi M, Ruiz M, Tyagi I, Farsadrooh M, Sastre AM. Adsorption of neodymium, terbium and dysprosium using a synthetic polymer-based magnetic adsorbent. J Rare Earths. 2023;41(11):1798.
10. Wang X, Cheng Wei, Xu R. Adsorption of rare earth elements on organic matter in coal. J Rare Earths. 2023;41(7):1108.
11. Cui J, Wang Q, Gao J, Guo Y, Cheng F. The selective adsorption of rare earth elements by modified coal fly ash based SBA-15. Chin J Chem Eng. 2022;47:155.
12. Di Virgilio M, Latorrata S, Cristiani C, Dotelli G. Analysis of the adsorptionrelease isotherms of pentaethylenehexamine-modified sorbents for rare earth elements (Y, Nd, La). Polymers. 2022;14(23):5063.
13. Zhang YZ, Hua J, Zhao MW, Wu H, Shao YZ, Zhou M, et al. 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol-modified bacterial cellulose/multiwall carbon nanotube/silicon dioxide membrane for selectively adsorbed Er (III). Fullerenes, Nanotub Carbon Nanostruct. 2023;31(3):288.
14. Vasundhara D, Kaleswararao T, Suryakala D. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption of rare earth elements La(III) & Pr(III) by nanocobalt ferrite. Nanomater Nanotechnol. 2022;7(1):73.
15. Zhang M, Hao H, Shi C, Chen C, Zhou G, Wang J, et al. Bis-terpyridine imprinted nanocage in the confined two-dimensional lamellar membrane for selective adsorption of Nd(III). Sep Purif Technol. 2023;310:123095.
16. Sriram G, Kigga M, Uthappa UT, Rego RM, Thendral V, Kumeria T, et al. Naturally available diatomite and their surface modification for the removal of hazardous dye and metal ions: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2020;282: 102198.
17. S¸ enol ZM, S¸ enol Arslan D, S¸ ims¸ ek S. Preparation and characterization of a novel diatomite-based composite and investigation of its adsorption properties for uranyl ions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2019;321(3):791.
18. Sellaoui L, Lima EC, Dotto GL, Dias SLP, Ben Lamine A. Physicochemical modeling of reactive violet 5 dye adsorption on home-made cocoa shell and commercial activated carbons using the statistical physics theory. Results Phys. 2017;7:233.
19. Sellaoui L, Mechi N, Lima EC, Dotto GL, Ben Lamine A. Adsorption of diclofenac and nimesulide on activated carbon: statistical physics modeling and effect of adsorbate size. J Phys Chem Solid. 2017;109:117.
20. Rodrigues FK, Salau NPG, Dotto GL. New insights about reactive red 141 adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes using statistical physics coupled with Van der Waals equation. Sep Purif Technol. 2019;224:290.
21. Meili L, Lins PVS, Costa MT, Almeida RL, Abud AKS, Soletti JI, et al. Adsorption of methylene blue on agroindustrial wastes: experimental investigation and phenomenological modelling. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2019;141:60.
22. Georgin J, Franco DSP, Schadeck Netto M, Allasia D, Foletto EL, Oliveira LFS, et al. Transforming shrub waste into a high-efficiency adsorbent: application of Physalis peruvian chalice treated with strong acid to remove the 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104574.
23. dos Reis GS, Pinto D, Lima EC, Knani S, Grimm A, Silva LFO, et al. Lanthanum uptake from water using chitosan with different configurations. React Funct Polym. 2022;180:105395.
24. Dhaouadi F, Sellaoui L, Ch avez-Gonzalez B, Reynel- Avila HE, Diaz-Mu noz LL, ~ Mendoza-Castillo DI, et al. Application of a heterogeneous physical model for the adsorption of Cd2þ, Ni2þ, Zn2þ and Cu2þ ions on flamboyant pods functionalized with citric acid. Chem Eng J. 2020:127975.
25. Dhaouadi F, Sellaoui L, Badawi M, Reynel-Avila HE, Mendoza-Castillo DI, Jaime- Leal JE, et al. Statistical physics interpretation of the adsorption mechanism of Pb2þ, Cd2þ and Ni2þ on chicken feathers. J Mol Liq. 2020;319:114168.
26. Dhaouadi F, Sellaoui L, Hern andez-Hernandez LE, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Men- doza-Castillo DI, Reynel-Avila HE, et al. Preparation of an avocado seed hydrochar and its application as heavy metal adsorbent: properties and advanced statistical physics modeling. Chem Eng J. 2021;419:129472.
27. Man J, Gao W, Yan S, Liu G, Hao H. Preparation of porous brick from diatomite and sugar filter mud at lower temperature. Construct Build Mater. 2017;156: 1035.
28. Stamatakis MG, Hein JR, Magganas AC. Geochemistry and diagenesis of Miocene lacustrine siliceous sedimentary and pyroclastic rocks, Mytilinii basin, Samos Island, Greece. Sediment Geol. 1989;64(1e3):65.
29. Gonzalez-Crisostomo JC, L opez-Ju arez R, Petranovskii V. Photocatalytic degra- dation of rhodamine B dye in aqueous suspension by ZnO and M-ZnO (M ¼ La3þ, Ce3þ, Pr3þ and Nd3þ) nanoparticles in the presence of UV/H2O2. Processes. 2021;9(10):1736.
30. Haq MIU, Rehman A, Asghar M, Nabi MAU, Amin N, Tahir S, et al. Influence of Ce3þ and La3þ substitution on structural & optical parameters and electrical behavior on Mg-Zn ferrites synthesized via Co-precipitation method. J Supercond Nov Magnetism. 2022;35(3):719.
31. Li B, Chen J, Xiao J, Zhao L, Qiu H. Nanoporous sulfonic covalent organic frameworks for selective adsorption and separation of lanthanide elements. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2023;6(4):2498.
32. Babu CM, Binnemans K, Roosen J. Ethylenediaminetriacetic acid-functionalized activated carbon for the adsorption of rare earths from aqueous solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2018;57(5):1487.
33. Park HJ, Tavlarides LL. Adsorption of neodymium(III) from aqueous solutions using a phosphorus functionalized adsorbent. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2010;49(24): 12567.
34. Lee YR, Yu K, Ravi S, Ahn WS. Selective adsorption of rare earth elements over functionalized Cr-MIL-101. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;10(28):23918.
35. Liu E, Zheng X, Xu X, Zhang F, Liu E, Wang Y, et al. Preparation of diethylenetriamine-modified magnetic chitosan nanoparticles for adsorption of rare-earth metal ions. New J Chem. 2017;41(15):7739.
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dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv © 2023 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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© 2023 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv China
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spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)© 2023 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfDhaouadi, FatmaDotto, Guilherme Luizvieillard, julienPinto, DianaSilva Oliveira, Luis FelipeLima, Éder C.Naushad, MuAouaini, FatmaNasr, SamiaBonilla-Petriciolet, AdriánBen Lamine, Abdelmottaleb2024-09-12T19:14:02Z2026-112024-09-12T19:14:02Z2023-11Fatma Dhaouadi, Guilherme L. Dotto, Julien Vieillard, Diana Pinto, Luis F.O. Silva, Éder C. Lima, Mu Naushad, Fatma Aouaini, Samia Nasr, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine, Adsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: Experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theory, Journal of Rare Earths, Volume 41, Issue 11, 2023, Pages 1805-1811, ISSN 1002-0721, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015.1002-0721https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1331210.1016/j.jre.2023.05.015Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/The separation of rare earth elements using diatomite M45 from aqueous solutions was studied. The experimental isotherms for the adsorption of trivalent lanthanum, cerium, and neodymium cations on this adsorbent were quantified under strongly acidic conditions (pH 2) at 298–328 K. The adsorption equilibria of these earth elements were analyzed using two statistical physics models (homogeneous and heterogeneous monolayer models). The results show that the adsorption of these ions implies a multi-ionic mechanism, which is exothermic. Si-containing functional groups are responsible for the adsorption of these rare-earth elements on the diatomite surface. A heterogeneous statistical physics model confirms that two Si-based functional groups participate in the separation of these cations. The calculated adsorption capacities at saturation follow the order: neodymium > cerium > lanthanum. Calculated interaction energies range from 28600 to 40100 J/mol, indicating physical adsorption on diatomite M45. This study demonstrates that diatomite M45 is a promising separation medium that can be used for the recovery of REEs dissolved in aqueous solutions via adsorption.7 páginasapplication/pdfengEditorial Office of Chinese Rare EarthsChinahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002072123001503?pes=vorAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45: experimental investigations and modeling with statistical physics theoryArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Journal of Rare Earths1. Anastopoulos I, Bhatnagar A, Lima EC. Adsorption of rare earth metals: a review of recent literature. J Mol Liq. 2016;221:954.2. Moldoveanu GA, Papangelakis VG. Recovery of rare earth elements adsorbed on clay minerals: I. Desorption mechanism. Hydrometallurgy. 2012;117e118:71.3. Zhao F, Repo E, Meng Y, Wang X, Yin D, Sillanpa€€ a M. An EDTA-b-cyclodextrin material for the adsorption of rare earth elements and its application in preconcentration of rare earth elements in seawater. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2016;465:215.4. Freslon N, Bayon G, Birot D, Bollinger C, Barrat JA. Determination of rare earth elements and other trace elements (Y, Mn, Co, Cr) in seawater using Tm addition and Mg(OH)2 co-precipitation. Talanta. 2011;85(1):582.5. Hatje V, Bruland KW, Flegal AR. Determination of rare earth elements after preconcentration using NOBIAS-chelate PA-1®resin: method development and application in the San Francisco Bay plume. Mar Chem. 2014;160:34.6. Xie F, Zhang TA, Dreisinger D, Doyle F. A critical review on solvent extraction of rare earths from aqueous solutions. Miner Eng. 2014;56:10.7. Zhu Y, Zheng Y, Wang A. A simple approach to fabricate granular adsorbent for adsorption of rare elements. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;72:410.8. dos Reis GS, Pinto D, Lütke SF, Lima EC, Silva LFO, De Brum IAS, et al. Adsorption of yttrium (Y3þ) and concentration of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel. J Rare Earths. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2023.04.008. Published online April 21.9. Javadian H, Taghavi M, Ruiz M, Tyagi I, Farsadrooh M, Sastre AM. Adsorption of neodymium, terbium and dysprosium using a synthetic polymer-based magnetic adsorbent. J Rare Earths. 2023;41(11):1798.10. Wang X, Cheng Wei, Xu R. Adsorption of rare earth elements on organic matter in coal. J Rare Earths. 2023;41(7):1108.11. Cui J, Wang Q, Gao J, Guo Y, Cheng F. The selective adsorption of rare earth elements by modified coal fly ash based SBA-15. Chin J Chem Eng. 2022;47:155.12. Di Virgilio M, Latorrata S, Cristiani C, Dotelli G. Analysis of the adsorptionrelease isotherms of pentaethylenehexamine-modified sorbents for rare earth elements (Y, Nd, La). Polymers. 2022;14(23):5063.13. Zhang YZ, Hua J, Zhao MW, Wu H, Shao YZ, Zhou M, et al. 1-(2-pyridylazo) 2-naphthol-modified bacterial cellulose/multiwall carbon nanotube/silicon dioxide membrane for selectively adsorbed Er (III). Fullerenes, Nanotub Carbon Nanostruct. 2023;31(3):288.14. Vasundhara D, Kaleswararao T, Suryakala D. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption of rare earth elements La(III) & Pr(III) by nanocobalt ferrite. Nanomater Nanotechnol. 2022;7(1):73.15. Zhang M, Hao H, Shi C, Chen C, Zhou G, Wang J, et al. Bis-terpyridine imprinted nanocage in the confined two-dimensional lamellar membrane for selective adsorption of Nd(III). Sep Purif Technol. 2023;310:123095.16. Sriram G, Kigga M, Uthappa UT, Rego RM, Thendral V, Kumeria T, et al. Naturally available diatomite and their surface modification for the removal of hazardous dye and metal ions: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2020;282: 102198.17. S¸ enol ZM, S¸ enol Arslan D, S¸ ims¸ ek S. Preparation and characterization of a novel diatomite-based composite and investigation of its adsorption properties for uranyl ions. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2019;321(3):791.18. Sellaoui L, Lima EC, Dotto GL, Dias SLP, Ben Lamine A. Physicochemical modeling of reactive violet 5 dye adsorption on home-made cocoa shell and commercial activated carbons using the statistical physics theory. Results Phys. 2017;7:233.19. Sellaoui L, Mechi N, Lima EC, Dotto GL, Ben Lamine A. Adsorption of diclofenac and nimesulide on activated carbon: statistical physics modeling and effect of adsorbate size. J Phys Chem Solid. 2017;109:117.20. Rodrigues FK, Salau NPG, Dotto GL. New insights about reactive red 141 adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes using statistical physics coupled with Van der Waals equation. Sep Purif Technol. 2019;224:290.21. Meili L, Lins PVS, Costa MT, Almeida RL, Abud AKS, Soletti JI, et al. Adsorption of methylene blue on agroindustrial wastes: experimental investigation and phenomenological modelling. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2019;141:60.22. Georgin J, Franco DSP, Schadeck Netto M, Allasia D, Foletto EL, Oliveira LFS, et al. Transforming shrub waste into a high-efficiency adsorbent: application of Physalis peruvian chalice treated with strong acid to remove the 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):104574.23. dos Reis GS, Pinto D, Lima EC, Knani S, Grimm A, Silva LFO, et al. Lanthanum uptake from water using chitosan with different configurations. React Funct Polym. 2022;180:105395.24. Dhaouadi F, Sellaoui L, Ch avez-Gonzalez B, Reynel- Avila HE, Diaz-Mu noz LL, ~ Mendoza-Castillo DI, et al. Application of a heterogeneous physical model for the adsorption of Cd2þ, Ni2þ, Zn2þ and Cu2þ ions on flamboyant pods functionalized with citric acid. Chem Eng J. 2020:127975.25. 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New J Chem. 2017;41(15):7739.181118051141LanthanumCeriumNeodymiumAdsorptionDiatomite M45Statistical physics modelPublicationORIGINALAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdfAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf1153536https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/0168d390-6525-423b-ac6c-31d50bb028c9/download6b00c6030c707bbd2b9b84dc448ed259MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f3b4be94-f129-4948-926a-4bf91ec95007/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdf.txtAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain33415https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/10408218-f7f6-450c-8006-53e2d7b39604/download3575ac746f7bb29d86823c1a9cd1212dMD53THUMBNAILAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdf.jpgAdsorption of rare earth elements onto diatomite M45.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg15315https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/601a68c0-5434-4258-913c-342b9eb2df14/download693a7729ad66d400f48bcc6245017137MD5411323/13312oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/133122024-09-17 14:11:16.598https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/© 2023 Chinese Society of Rare Earths. 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CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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