Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq

Estimating the amount of solar radiation is very important in evaluating the amount of energy that can be received from the sun for the construction of solar power plants. Using machine learning tools to estimate solar energy can be a helpful method. With a high number of sunny days, Iraq has a high...

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Autores:
Anupong, Wongchai
Jweeg, Muhsin Jaber
Alani, Sameer
Al-Kharsanb, Ibrahim H.
Alviz Meza, Anibal
Cárdenas-Escrocia, Yulineth
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
Repositorio:
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
Idioma:
eng
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oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10370
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10370
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
Solar energy
WANN
WSVM
ANFIS
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
id RCUC2_14deb9c57aacccb2e2e1519eb6cd9f9a
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10370
network_acronym_str RCUC2
network_name_str REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
title Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
spellingShingle Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
Solar energy
WANN
WSVM
ANFIS
title_short Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
title_full Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
title_fullStr Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
title_sort Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in Iraq
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Anupong, Wongchai
Jweeg, Muhsin Jaber
Alani, Sameer
Al-Kharsanb, Ibrahim H.
Alviz Meza, Anibal
Cárdenas-Escrocia, Yulineth
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Anupong, Wongchai
Jweeg, Muhsin Jaber
Alani, Sameer
Al-Kharsanb, Ibrahim H.
Alviz Meza, Anibal
Cárdenas-Escrocia, Yulineth
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Solar energy
WANN
WSVM
ANFIS
topic Solar energy
WANN
WSVM
ANFIS
description Estimating the amount of solar radiation is very important in evaluating the amount of energy that can be received from the sun for the construction of solar power plants. Using machine learning tools to estimate solar energy can be a helpful method. With a high number of sunny days, Iraq has a high potential for using solar energy. This study used the Wavelet Artificial Neural Network (WANN), Wavelet Support Vector Machine (WSVM), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) techniques to estimate solar energy at Wasit and Dhi Qar stations in Iraq. RMSE, EMA, R2, and IA criteria were used to evaluate the performance of the techniques and compare the results with the actual measured value. The results showed that the WANN and WSVM methods had similar results in solar energy modeling. However, the results of the WANN technique were slightly better than the WSVM technique. In Wasit and Dhi Qar stations, the value of R2 for the WANN and WSVM methods was 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. The value of R2 in the WANN and WSVM methods in Wasit and Dhi Qar stations was 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The ANFIS technique also obtained acceptable results. However, compared to the other two techniques, the ANFIS results were lower, and the R2 value was 0.84 and 0.83 in Wasit and Dhi Qar stations, respectively.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-08T19:03:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-08-08T19:03:01Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-01-16
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Anupong, W.; Jweeg, M.J.; Alani, S.; Al-Kharsan, I.H.; Alviz-Meza, A.; Cárdenas-Escrocia, Y. Comparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support Vector Machine, and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Methods in Estimating Total Solar Radiation in Iraq. Energies 2023, 16, 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ en16020985
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10370
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/ en16020985
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv 1996-1073
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Corporación Universidad de la Costa
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Anupong, W.; Jweeg, M.J.; Alani, S.; Al-Kharsan, I.H.; Alviz-Meza, A.; Cárdenas-Escrocia, Y. Comparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support Vector Machine, and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Methods in Estimating Total Solar Radiation in Iraq. Energies 2023, 16, 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ en16020985
10.3390/ en16020985
1996-1073
Corporación Universidad de la Costa
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
url https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10370
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Energies
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv 1. Guedri, K.; Salem, M.; Assad, M.E.H.; Rungamornrat, J.; Malek Mohsen, F.; Buswig, Y.M. PV/Thermal as Promising Technologies in Buildings: A Comprehensive Review on Exergy Analysis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12298. [CrossRef]
2. Molajou, A.; Afshar, A.; Khosravi, M.; Soleimanian, E.; Vahabzadeh, M.; Variani, H.A. A new paradigm of water, food, and energy nexus. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021, 1–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
3. Vahabzadeh, M.; Afshar, A.; Molajou, A. Energy simulation modeling for water-energy-food nexus system: A systematic review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022, 1–15. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
4. Sharifpur, M.; Ahmadi, M.H.; Rungamornrat, J.; Malek Mohsen, F. Thermal Management of Solar Photovoltaic Cell by Using Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)/Water: Numerical Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11523. [CrossRef]
5. Afshar, A.; Soleimanian, E.; Akbari Variani, H.; Vahabzadeh, M.; Molajou, A. The conceptual framework to determine interrelations and interactions for holistic Water, Energy, and Food Nexus. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 2022, 24, 10119–10140. [CrossRef]
6. Asgher, U.; Babar Rasheed, M.; Al-Sumaiti, A.S.; Ur-Rahman, A.; Ali, I.; Alzaidi, A.; Alamri, A. Smart Energy Optimization Using Heuristic Algorithm in Smart Grid with Integration of Solar Energy Sources. Energies 2018, 11, 3494. [CrossRef]
7. Parimita Panigrahi, S.; Kumar Maharana, S.; Rajashekaraiah, T.; Gopalashetty, R.; Sharifpur, M.; Ahmadi, M.H.; Saleel, C.A.; Abbas, M. Flat Unglazed Transpired Solar Collector: Performance Probability Prediction Approach Using Monte Carlo Simulation Technique. Energies 2022, 15, 8843. [CrossRef]
8. ¸Senkal, O. Solar Radiation and Precipitable Water Modeling for Turkey Using Artificial Neural Networks. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2015, 127, 481–488. [CrossRef]
9. Sivaneasan, B.; Yu, C.Y.; Goh, K.P. Solar Forecasting Using ANN with Fuzzy Logic Pre-Processing. Energy Procedia 2017, 143, 727–732. [CrossRef]
10. Fourcade, Y.; Besnard, A.G.; Secondi, J. Paintings Predict the Distribution of Species, or the Challenge of Selecting Environmental Predictors and Evaluation Statistics. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2018, 27, 245–256. [CrossRef]
11. Anwar, K.; Deshmukh, S. Assessment and Mapping of Solar Energy Potential Using Artificial Neural Network and GIS Technology in the Southern Part of India. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2018, 8, 974–985.
12. Voyant, C.; Notton, G.; Kalogirou, S.; Nivet, M.-L.; Paoli, C.; Motte, F.; Fouilloy, A. Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting: A Review. Renew. Energy 2017, 105, 569–582. [CrossRef]
13. Chen, J.-L.; Li, G.-S. Evaluation of Support Vector Machine for Estimation of Solar Radiation from Measured Meteorological Variables. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2014, 115, 627–638. [CrossRef]
14. Olatomiwa, L.; Mekhilef, S.; Shamshirband, S.; Mohammadi, K.; Petkovi´c, D.; Sudheer, C. A Support Vector Machine–Firefly Algorithm-Based Model for Global Solar Radiation Prediction. Sol. Energy 2015, 115, 632–644. [CrossRef]
15. Rashidi, M.M.; Nazari, M.A.; Mahariq, I.; Assad, M.E.H.; Ali, M.E.; Almuzaiqer, R.; Nuhait, A.; Murshid, N. Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids and the Proposed Models: An Updated Comprehensive Study. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3084. [CrossRef]
16. Ghebrezgabher, M.G.; Weldegabir, A.K. Estimating Solar Energy Potential in Eritrea: A GIS-Based Approach. Renew. Energy Res. Appl. 2022, 3, 155–164.
17. Dos Santos, C.M.; Escobedo, J.F.; Teramoto, E.T.; da Silva, S.H.M.G. Assessment of ANN and SVM Models for Estimating Normal Direct Irradiation (Hb). Energy Convers. Manag. 2016, 126, 826–836. [CrossRef]
18. Ferrero Bermejo, J.; Gómez Fernández, J.F.; Olivencia Polo, F.; Crespo Márquez, A. A Review of the Use of Artificial Neural Network Models for Energy and Reliability Prediction. A Study of the Solar PV, Hydraulic and Wind Energy Sources. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1844. [CrossRef]
19. IAC Iraqi Agrometeorological Center, Baghdad, Iraq. 2020. Available online: https://www.agromet.gov.iq (accessed on 9 December 2022).
20. Sharghi, E.; Nourani, V.; Najafi, H.; Molajou, A. Emotional ANN (EANN) and Wavelet-ANN (WANN) Approaches for Markovian and Seasonal Based Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff Process. Water Resour. Manag. 2018, 32, 3441–3456. [CrossRef]
21. Molajou, A.; Nourani, V.; Afshar, A.; Khosravi, M.; Brysiewicz, A. Optimal design and feature selection by genetic algorithm for emotional artificial neural network (EANN) in rainfall-runoff modeling. Water Resour. Manag. 2021, 35, 2369–2384. [CrossRef]
22. Samadi, M.; Afshar, M.H.; Jabbari, E.; Sarkardeh, H. Prediction of Current-Induced Scour Depth around Pile Groups Using MARS, CART, and ANN Approaches. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 2021, 39, 577–588. [CrossRef]
23. Wu, W.; Zhou, H. Data-Driven Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer with Support Vector Machine-Based Approaches. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 25189–25195. [CrossRef]
24. Mohan, L.; Pant, J.; Suyal, P.; Kumar, A. Support Vector Machine Accuracy Improvement with Classification. In Proceedings of the 2020 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Bhimtal, India, 25–26 September 2020; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA, 2020; pp. 477–481.
25. Zhang, D. Wavelet Transform. In Fundamentals of Image Data Mining; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 35–44.
26. Abbate, A.; Koay, J.; Frankel, J.; Schroeder, S.C.; Das, P. Signal Detection and Noise Suppression Using a Wavelet Transform Signal Processor: Application to Ultrasonic Flaw Detection. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 1997, 44, 14–26. [CrossRef]
27. Kharb, R.K.; Shimi, S.L.; Chatterji, S.; Ansari, M.F. Modeling of Solar PV Module and Maximum Power Point Tracking Using ANFIS. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 33, 602–612. [CrossRef]
28. Jang, J.-S. Input Selection for ANFIS Learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems, New Orleans, LA, USA, 11 September 1996; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA, 1996; Volume 2, pp. 1493–1499.
29. Meenal, R.; Selvakumar, A.I. Assessment of SVM, Empirical and ANN Based Solar Radiation Prediction Models with Most Influencing Input Parameters. Renew. Energy 2018, 121, 324–343. [CrossRef]
30. Breck, E.; Polyzotis, N.; Roy, S.; Whang, S.; Zinkevich, M. Data Validation for Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the MLSys, Stanford, CA, USA, 31 March–2 April 2019.
31. Quej, V.H.; Almorox, J.; Arnaldo, J.A.; Saito, L. ANFIS, SVM and ANN Soft-Computing Techniques to Estimate Daily Global Solar Radiation in a Warm Sub-Humid Environment. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 2017, 155, 62–70. [CrossRef]
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spelling Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerlandhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Anupong, WongchaiJweeg, Muhsin JaberAlani, SameerAl-Kharsanb, Ibrahim H.Alviz Meza, AnibalCárdenas-Escrocia, Yulineth2023-08-08T19:03:01Z2023-08-08T19:03:01Z2023-01-16Anupong, W.; Jweeg, M.J.; Alani, S.; Al-Kharsan, I.H.; Alviz-Meza, A.; Cárdenas-Escrocia, Y. Comparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support Vector Machine, and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Methods in Estimating Total Solar Radiation in Iraq. Energies 2023, 16, 985. https://doi.org/10.3390/ en16020985https://hdl.handle.net/11323/1037010.3390/ en160209851996-1073Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Estimating the amount of solar radiation is very important in evaluating the amount of energy that can be received from the sun for the construction of solar power plants. Using machine learning tools to estimate solar energy can be a helpful method. With a high number of sunny days, Iraq has a high potential for using solar energy. This study used the Wavelet Artificial Neural Network (WANN), Wavelet Support Vector Machine (WSVM), and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) techniques to estimate solar energy at Wasit and Dhi Qar stations in Iraq. RMSE, EMA, R2, and IA criteria were used to evaluate the performance of the techniques and compare the results with the actual measured value. The results showed that the WANN and WSVM methods had similar results in solar energy modeling. However, the results of the WANN technique were slightly better than the WSVM technique. In Wasit and Dhi Qar stations, the value of R2 for the WANN and WSVM methods was 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. The value of R2 in the WANN and WSVM methods in Wasit and Dhi Qar stations was 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. The ANFIS technique also obtained acceptable results. However, compared to the other two techniques, the ANFIS results were lower, and the R2 value was 0.84 and 0.83 in Wasit and Dhi Qar stations, respectively.14 páginasapplication/pdfengMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)Switzerlandhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/2/985Comparison of wavelet artificial neural network, wavelet support vector machine, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system methods in estimating total solar radiation in IraqArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85IraqEnergies1. Guedri, K.; Salem, M.; Assad, M.E.H.; Rungamornrat, J.; Malek Mohsen, F.; Buswig, Y.M. PV/Thermal as Promising Technologies in Buildings: A Comprehensive Review on Exergy Analysis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12298. [CrossRef]2. Molajou, A.; Afshar, A.; Khosravi, M.; Soleimanian, E.; Vahabzadeh, M.; Variani, H.A. A new paradigm of water, food, and energy nexus. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021, 1–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed]3. Vahabzadeh, M.; Afshar, A.; Molajou, A. Energy simulation modeling for water-energy-food nexus system: A systematic review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022, 1–15. [CrossRef] [PubMed]4. Sharifpur, M.; Ahmadi, M.H.; Rungamornrat, J.; Malek Mohsen, F. Thermal Management of Solar Photovoltaic Cell by Using Single Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)/Water: Numerical Simulation and Sensitivity Analysis. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11523. [CrossRef]5. Afshar, A.; Soleimanian, E.; Akbari Variani, H.; Vahabzadeh, M.; Molajou, A. The conceptual framework to determine interrelations and interactions for holistic Water, Energy, and Food Nexus. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 2022, 24, 10119–10140. [CrossRef]6. Asgher, U.; Babar Rasheed, M.; Al-Sumaiti, A.S.; Ur-Rahman, A.; Ali, I.; Alzaidi, A.; Alamri, A. Smart Energy Optimization Using Heuristic Algorithm in Smart Grid with Integration of Solar Energy Sources. Energies 2018, 11, 3494. [CrossRef]7. Parimita Panigrahi, S.; Kumar Maharana, S.; Rajashekaraiah, T.; Gopalashetty, R.; Sharifpur, M.; Ahmadi, M.H.; Saleel, C.A.; Abbas, M. Flat Unglazed Transpired Solar Collector: Performance Probability Prediction Approach Using Monte Carlo Simulation Technique. Energies 2022, 15, 8843. [CrossRef]8. ¸Senkal, O. Solar Radiation and Precipitable Water Modeling for Turkey Using Artificial Neural Networks. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2015, 127, 481–488. [CrossRef]9. Sivaneasan, B.; Yu, C.Y.; Goh, K.P. Solar Forecasting Using ANN with Fuzzy Logic Pre-Processing. Energy Procedia 2017, 143, 727–732. [CrossRef]10. Fourcade, Y.; Besnard, A.G.; Secondi, J. Paintings Predict the Distribution of Species, or the Challenge of Selecting Environmental Predictors and Evaluation Statistics. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2018, 27, 245–256. [CrossRef]11. Anwar, K.; Deshmukh, S. Assessment and Mapping of Solar Energy Potential Using Artificial Neural Network and GIS Technology in the Southern Part of India. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. 2018, 8, 974–985.12. Voyant, C.; Notton, G.; Kalogirou, S.; Nivet, M.-L.; Paoli, C.; Motte, F.; Fouilloy, A. Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting: A Review. Renew. Energy 2017, 105, 569–582. [CrossRef]13. Chen, J.-L.; Li, G.-S. Evaluation of Support Vector Machine for Estimation of Solar Radiation from Measured Meteorological Variables. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2014, 115, 627–638. [CrossRef]14. Olatomiwa, L.; Mekhilef, S.; Shamshirband, S.; Mohammadi, K.; Petkovi´c, D.; Sudheer, C. A Support Vector Machine–Firefly Algorithm-Based Model for Global Solar Radiation Prediction. Sol. Energy 2015, 115, 632–644. [CrossRef]15. Rashidi, M.M.; Nazari, M.A.; Mahariq, I.; Assad, M.E.H.; Ali, M.E.; Almuzaiqer, R.; Nuhait, A.; Murshid, N. Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids and the Proposed Models: An Updated Comprehensive Study. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 3084. [CrossRef]16. Ghebrezgabher, M.G.; Weldegabir, A.K. Estimating Solar Energy Potential in Eritrea: A GIS-Based Approach. Renew. Energy Res. Appl. 2022, 3, 155–164.17. Dos Santos, C.M.; Escobedo, J.F.; Teramoto, E.T.; da Silva, S.H.M.G. Assessment of ANN and SVM Models for Estimating Normal Direct Irradiation (Hb). Energy Convers. Manag. 2016, 126, 826–836. [CrossRef]18. Ferrero Bermejo, J.; Gómez Fernández, J.F.; Olivencia Polo, F.; Crespo Márquez, A. A Review of the Use of Artificial Neural Network Models for Energy and Reliability Prediction. A Study of the Solar PV, Hydraulic and Wind Energy Sources. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1844. [CrossRef]19. IAC Iraqi Agrometeorological Center, Baghdad, Iraq. 2020. Available online: https://www.agromet.gov.iq (accessed on 9 December 2022).20. Sharghi, E.; Nourani, V.; Najafi, H.; Molajou, A. Emotional ANN (EANN) and Wavelet-ANN (WANN) Approaches for Markovian and Seasonal Based Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff Process. Water Resour. Manag. 2018, 32, 3441–3456. [CrossRef]21. Molajou, A.; Nourani, V.; Afshar, A.; Khosravi, M.; Brysiewicz, A. Optimal design and feature selection by genetic algorithm for emotional artificial neural network (EANN) in rainfall-runoff modeling. Water Resour. Manag. 2021, 35, 2369–2384. [CrossRef]22. Samadi, M.; Afshar, M.H.; Jabbari, E.; Sarkardeh, H. Prediction of Current-Induced Scour Depth around Pile Groups Using MARS, CART, and ANN Approaches. Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 2021, 39, 577–588. [CrossRef]23. Wu, W.; Zhou, H. Data-Driven Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer with Support Vector Machine-Based Approaches. IEEE Access 2017, 5, 25189–25195. [CrossRef]24. Mohan, L.; Pant, J.; Suyal, P.; Kumar, A. Support Vector Machine Accuracy Improvement with Classification. In Proceedings of the 2020 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), Bhimtal, India, 25–26 September 2020; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA, 2020; pp. 477–481.25. Zhang, D. Wavelet Transform. In Fundamentals of Image Data Mining; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 35–44.26. Abbate, A.; Koay, J.; Frankel, J.; Schroeder, S.C.; Das, P. Signal Detection and Noise Suppression Using a Wavelet Transform Signal Processor: Application to Ultrasonic Flaw Detection. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 1997, 44, 14–26. [CrossRef]27. Kharb, R.K.; Shimi, S.L.; Chatterji, S.; Ansari, M.F. Modeling of Solar PV Module and Maximum Power Point Tracking Using ANFIS. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 33, 602–612. [CrossRef]28. Jang, J.-S. Input Selection for ANFIS Learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems, New Orleans, LA, USA, 11 September 1996; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA, 1996; Volume 2, pp. 1493–1499.29. Meenal, R.; Selvakumar, A.I. Assessment of SVM, Empirical and ANN Based Solar Radiation Prediction Models with Most Influencing Input Parameters. Renew. Energy 2018, 121, 324–343. [CrossRef]30. Breck, E.; Polyzotis, N.; Roy, S.; Whang, S.; Zinkevich, M. Data Validation for Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the MLSys, Stanford, CA, USA, 31 March–2 April 2019.31. Quej, V.H.; Almorox, J.; Arnaldo, J.A.; Saito, L. ANFIS, SVM and ANN Soft-Computing Techniques to Estimate Daily Global Solar Radiation in a Warm Sub-Humid Environment. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 2017, 155, 62–70. [CrossRef]141216Solar energyWANNWSVMANFISPublicationORIGINALComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdfComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf1565982https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/222073e6-ecf0-4ba8-af5c-b9808e49bccd/download86340a929a1f41667a57e0af100204a5MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6be21fda-ed21-4685-aa03-8163e7ac61bd/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdf.txtComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain44147https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/3989b61c-9850-40de-b05c-7d66bfd5ad9e/downloadaaa009324f6953a490b4c805d05ce79fMD53THUMBNAILComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdf.jpgComparison of Wavelet Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Support.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg16732https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8620e28a-e7d3-40be-b2f7-258839e6484b/downloada4e0d2b07e1da8241094344ef4198ebcMD5411323/10370oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/103702024-09-17 14:15:15.865https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2023 by the authors. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
