Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico
La contaminación atmosférica por material particulado PM2.5 es una de las mayores preocupaciones a nivel mundial debido a sus impactos negativos en el medio ambiente y en la salud de los seres vivos, como el aumento de la mortalidad. Estas partículas contienen contaminantes co-emitidos entre los que...
- Autores:
-
Ojeda Cepeda, Andrés Felipe
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10690
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10690
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos
PM2.5
Efectos toxicológicos
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PM2.5
Toxicologic effects
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| title |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| spellingShingle |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos PM2.5 Efectos toxicológicos Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PM2.5 Toxicologic effects |
| title_short |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| title_full |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| title_fullStr |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| title_sort |
Determinación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, Atlántico |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ojeda Cepeda, Andrés Felipe |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Moreno Ríos, Andrea Liliana Blanco Donado, Erika Patricia |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ojeda Cepeda, Andrés Felipe |
| dc.contributor.jury.none.fl_str_mv |
Gindri Ramos, Claudete Nuñez Blanco, Yuleisy Paola Antonio Carmona, Zenen |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos PM2.5 Efectos toxicológicos |
| topic |
Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos PM2.5 Efectos toxicológicos Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PM2.5 Toxicologic effects |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PM2.5 Toxicologic effects |
| description |
La contaminación atmosférica por material particulado PM2.5 es una de las mayores preocupaciones a nivel mundial debido a sus impactos negativos en el medio ambiente y en la salud de los seres vivos, como el aumento de la mortalidad. Estas partículas contienen contaminantes co-emitidos entre los que se incluyen los Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAPs), que tienen propiedades toxicológicas como toxicidad, cáncer, neurotoxicidad, citotoxicidad y disrupción endocrina. En la ciudad de Barranquilla se han investigado los contaminantes atmosféricos entre ellos el PM2.5, el cual es un tema que se ha desarrollado con distintos estudios, aún no se reportan estudios relacionados sobre los HAPs en el material particulado de la ciudad, donde se presume la presencia de estos porque la ciudad es una zona densamente poblada, industrializada y que tiene antecedentes con la contaminación atmosférica. Mediante esta investigación fue posible cimentar una línea base sobre los HAPs en el aire de la zona de estudio, muestreando en 2 puntos de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, el primero (Universidad de la Costa) en zona residencial y el segundo (Escuela de Policía Antonio Nariño) cerca de una carretera regional principal que está influenciada por fuentes como tráfico vehicular y emisiones industriales de la ciudad. Se utilizó un muestreador de medio volumen para recolección de PM2.5 con un intervalo de medición de 48h durante febrero y marzo de 2020, así como agosto, octubre, y noviembre de 2021. Entonces las concentraciones de PM2.5 oscilaron entre 7,94 y 33,90μg.m-3 mientas que el promedio HAPs totales fue de 0,0171ng.m-3 , entre los cuales el Benzo[a]pireno (BaP) presentó la mayor concentración con 0,1162ng.m-3 , algunos estudios concuerdan que el control y prevención de los efectos es posible mediante el diagnostico de contaminantes atmosféricos. Por su presencia existen riesgos a la población de la ciudad especialmente para las más vulnerables. |
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2023 |
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2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-02-08T17:16:23Z |
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2024-02-08T17:16:23Z |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
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http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP |
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156 páginas |
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Barranquilla |
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Atlántico |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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Civil y Ambiental |
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Barranquilla, Colombia |
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Ingeniería Civil |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Moreno Ríos, Andrea LilianaBlanco Donado, Erika PatriciaOjeda Cepeda, Andrés FelipeGindri Ramos, ClaudeteNuñez Blanco, Yuleisy PaolaAntonio Carmona, Zenen2024-02-08T17:16:23Z2024-02-08T17:16:23Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10690Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/La contaminación atmosférica por material particulado PM2.5 es una de las mayores preocupaciones a nivel mundial debido a sus impactos negativos en el medio ambiente y en la salud de los seres vivos, como el aumento de la mortalidad. Estas partículas contienen contaminantes co-emitidos entre los que se incluyen los Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAPs), que tienen propiedades toxicológicas como toxicidad, cáncer, neurotoxicidad, citotoxicidad y disrupción endocrina. En la ciudad de Barranquilla se han investigado los contaminantes atmosféricos entre ellos el PM2.5, el cual es un tema que se ha desarrollado con distintos estudios, aún no se reportan estudios relacionados sobre los HAPs en el material particulado de la ciudad, donde se presume la presencia de estos porque la ciudad es una zona densamente poblada, industrializada y que tiene antecedentes con la contaminación atmosférica. Mediante esta investigación fue posible cimentar una línea base sobre los HAPs en el aire de la zona de estudio, muestreando en 2 puntos de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, el primero (Universidad de la Costa) en zona residencial y el segundo (Escuela de Policía Antonio Nariño) cerca de una carretera regional principal que está influenciada por fuentes como tráfico vehicular y emisiones industriales de la ciudad. Se utilizó un muestreador de medio volumen para recolección de PM2.5 con un intervalo de medición de 48h durante febrero y marzo de 2020, así como agosto, octubre, y noviembre de 2021. Entonces las concentraciones de PM2.5 oscilaron entre 7,94 y 33,90μg.m-3 mientas que el promedio HAPs totales fue de 0,0171ng.m-3 , entre los cuales el Benzo[a]pireno (BaP) presentó la mayor concentración con 0,1162ng.m-3 , algunos estudios concuerdan que el control y prevención de los efectos es posible mediante el diagnostico de contaminantes atmosféricos. Por su presencia existen riesgos a la población de la ciudad especialmente para las más vulnerables.Atmospheric pollution by particle matter PM2.5 is one of the majors worldwide concerns due its negative impacts on the environment and in living beings’ health, such as mortality increase. These particles contain co-emitted pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), which has toxicologic properties such as toxicity, cancerogenic, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. In Barranquilla city atmospheric pollutants have been studied within them PM2.5, which is a topic that has developed with different studies, regardless related studies about PAHs in particular matter of the city have not yet been reported, where the is supposed the presence of them due is a densely populated, industrialized area and that had dealing with issues such as atmospheric pollution. Through this investigation was possible to concrete a base about the state of the PAHs in the air of the study area, sampling in 2 points in Barranquilla’s urban zone, the first (Universidad de la Costa) in a residential area and the second (Escuela de Policia Antonio Nariño) near a main regional highway that is influenced by sources such as vehicular traffic and industrial emissions of the city. A medium volume sampler was used for the collection of PM2.5 with a measure range of 48h during February and May 2020, such as August, October, and November 2021. Then PM2.5 ranged among 7,94 and 33,90μg.m-3 while the total PAHs mean was de 0, 0171ng.m3 , which Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) presented the highest concentration with 0,1162ng.m-3 , some studies agree that control and prevention of the effects is possible by the diagnosis of atmospheric pollutants. Due to its presence, there are health risks to the population of the city especially the most vulnerable ones.Lista de Tablas y Figuras 9 -- Introducción 13 -- Planteamiento del Problema 16 -- Justificación 20 -- Objetivos 23 -- General 23 – Específicos 23 -- Marco Teórico 24 -- Material Particulado 24 -- Variación espaciotemporal del material particulado 26 -- Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAPs) 26 -- Fuentes de Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos 30 -- Volatilización de los HAPs 32 -- Solubilidad (coeficiente carbono orgánico / Coeficiente octanol-agua) 34 -- Reactividad de los HAPs 35 -- Dinámica Ambiental de los HAPs 36 -- Toxicidad de los HAPs 38 -- Colección del Material Particulado 40 -- Metodologías de Extracción de HAPs 41 -- Extracción Soxhlet 41 -- Extracción por Microondas (MAE) 42 -- Extracción acelerada con disolventes (ASE) 43 -- Extracción QuEChERS 43 -- Micro-extracción de fase solida (SPME 44 -- Extracción asistida por ultrasonido (USE) 45 -- Extracción con fluidos supercríticos (SFE) 45 -- Fluido Super crítico y Cromatografía (SFE-GC) 46 -- Extracción con disolventes acelerada (ASE) y Cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia (HPLC) 46 -- Metodologías de identificación y cuantificación de HAPs en Material Particulado 47 -- Cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GS-MS) 47 -- Cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia (HPLC) con detección por Fluorescencia (HPLC-FD) 50 -- Cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia con Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta (HPLC-UV)......51 -- Estado del Arte 53 -- Estudios a nivel Internacional 53 -- Estudios a nivel Nacional 62 -- Estudios a nivel Regional y Local 63 -- Metodología 66 -- Área de Estudio 66 -- Estaciones de Muestreo 67 -- Muestreo de Material Particulado 68 -- Metodología de Extracción 72 -- Cuantificación de Hidrocarburos Aromáticos Policíclicos 72 -- Cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas 72 -- Análisis y discusión de resultados 74 -- Identificación de efectos toxicológicos 76 – Resultados 78 -- Concentraciones de Material Particulado PM2.5 78 -- Concentraciones de HAPs 79 -- Variables Meteorológicas y su relación en las concentraciones de PM2.5 y HAPs 86 -- Rosa de los Vientos 86 -- Correlación estadística HAPs-PM2.5 96 -- Prueba de Normalidad 97 -- Correlación Rho-Spearman 99 -- Parámetros de Toxicidad de HAPs 101 -- Comparación con otros estudios 111 -- Comparación estudios Nacionales 115 – Conclusiones 118 -- Recomendaciones 119 – Referencias 121 --Ingeniero(a) CivilPregrado156 páginasapplication/pdfspaCorporación Universidad de la CostaCivil y AmbientalBarranquilla, ColombiaIngeniería CivilDeterminación de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos en pm2.5 de la zona urbana de Barranquilla, AtlánticoTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionBarranquillaAtlánticoAbbas, I., Badran, G., Verdin, A., Ledoux, F., Roumié, M., Courcot, D., & Garçon, G. 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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