Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america
Historic buildings that comprise the cultural heritage of humanity are in need of preservation on a worldwide scale in regard to degradation resultant from atmospheric pollutants. The Brazilian Public Market, located in the historic center of the mega city of Sao Paulo, is the object of this researc...
- Autores:
-
L.S. Oliveira, Marcos
Neckel, Alcindo
Pinto, Diana
Stolfo Maculan, Laercio
Dalmagro Zanchett, Matheus Roberto
F.O. Silva, Luis
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8321
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8321
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130286
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Vehicular traffic
Industrial pollutants
Built historical heritage
Nanoparticles
Toxic elements
Human health
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
| id |
RCUC2_0c5e82c95515e7c046fc81fc74a6a30d |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/8321 |
| network_acronym_str |
RCUC2 |
| network_name_str |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| title |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| spellingShingle |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america Vehicular traffic Industrial pollutants Built historical heritage Nanoparticles Toxic elements Human health |
| title_short |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| title_full |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| title_fullStr |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| title_sort |
Air pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin america |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
L.S. Oliveira, Marcos Neckel, Alcindo Pinto, Diana Stolfo Maculan, Laercio Dalmagro Zanchett, Matheus Roberto F.O. Silva, Luis |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
L.S. Oliveira, Marcos Neckel, Alcindo Pinto, Diana Stolfo Maculan, Laercio Dalmagro Zanchett, Matheus Roberto F.O. Silva, Luis |
| dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Vehicular traffic Industrial pollutants Built historical heritage Nanoparticles Toxic elements Human health |
| topic |
Vehicular traffic Industrial pollutants Built historical heritage Nanoparticles Toxic elements Human health |
| description |
Historic buildings that comprise the cultural heritage of humanity are in need of preservation on a worldwide scale in regard to degradation resultant from atmospheric pollutants. The Brazilian Public Market, located in the historic center of the mega city of Sao Paulo, is the object of this research, due to its representation of historical Brazilian architecture. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the influence of air pollutants on the degradation of the historic Sao Paulo Public Market in the city of Sao~ Paulo, Brazil. Methodologically, between May 2018 and April 2019, samples of sedimented dust were collected at five points on the side walls of the market’s historic structure, for the analysis of accumulated ultrafine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles (NPs). A total of 20 samples of particulate matter were collected using self-made passive samplers (SMPSs). Using SMPSs, 12 months of accumulation and deposition were used to sample the atmospheric PM1. The results demonstrate the presence of dangerous elements such as: As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn. Note that EDS coupled with microscopy techniques, points out the risks to human health, due to the presence of these dangerous elements that accumulate in the building’s structure. The results show that 85% of the NPs sampled contained Pb, and 56% contained Pb and Ti, which are harmful to both historic buildings and human health. Air pollution enables the further deterioration of the Sao Paulo Public Market, which is in need of restoration. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-01T15:20:40Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-01T15:20:40Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-03-14 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
| dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0045-6535 |
| dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8321 |
| dc.identifier.doi.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130286 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| identifier_str_mv |
0045-6535 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130286 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Viana, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Moreno, T., 2009. Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment. Atmospheric Enviroment 43 (9), 1650e1659. Bessa, M.J., Brandao, F., Viana, M., Gomes, J.F., Monfort, E., Cassee, F.R., Fraga, S., ~ Teixeira, J.P., 2020. Nanoparticle exposure and hazard in the ceramic industry: an overview of potential sources, toxicity and health effects. Environ. Res. 184, 109297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109297 Borges, C.S., Weindorf, D.C., Nascimento, D.C., Curi, N., Guilherme, L.R.G., Carvalho, G.S., Ribeiro, B.T., 2020. Comparison of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and laboratory-based methods to assess the soil elemental composition: applications for wetland soils. Environmental Technology & Innovation 19, 100826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100826. Brodny, J., Tutak, M., 2021. The analysis of similarities between the European Union countries in terms of the level and structure of the emissions of selected gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. J. Clean. Prod. 279, 123641. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123641. CETESB, 2021. Sao Paulo state environmental agency: 2021 vehicle emissions ~ report. https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/veicular/#:~:text¼A%20frota%20motorizada% 20no%20Estado,e%202%2C5%20milh%C3%B5es%20de. (Accessed 3 March 2021) Comite, V., Pozo-Antonio, J.S., Cardell, C., Randazzo, L., Larussa, M.F., Fermo, P., 2020. A multi-analytical approach for the characterization of black crusts on the facade of an historical cathedral. Microchem. J. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.microc.2020.105121, 105121-1. Costa, E., Seixas, J., Baptista, P., Costa, G., Turrentine, T., 2018. CO2 emissions and mitigation policies for urban road transportation: sao Paulo versus shanghai. Urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestao Urbana 10 (1), 43 ~ e158. https://doi.org/ 10.1590/2175-3369.010.supl1.ao15. Dalmora, A.C., Ramos, C.G., Querol, X., Kautzmann, R.M., Oliveira, M.L.S., Taffarel, S.R., Moreno, T., Silva, L.F.O., 2016. Nanoparticulate mineral matter from basalt dust wastes. Chemosphere 144, 2013e2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere.2015.10.047. Debone, D., Leiriao, L.F.L., Miraglia, S.G.E.K., 2020. Air quality and health impact ~ assessment of a truckers’ strike in Sao Paulo state, Brazil: a case study. Urban Climate 34, 100687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100687 Gallego-Cartagena, E., Morillas, H., Maguregui, M., Patino-Camelo, K., Marcaida, I., ~ Morgado-Gamero, W., Silva, L.F.O., Madariaga, J.M., 2020. A comprehensive study of biofilms growing on the built heritage of a Caribbean industrial city in correlation with construction materials. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 147, 104874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104874. Gope, M., Masto, R.E., George, J., Balachandran, S., 2018. Tracing source, distribution and health risk of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in street dust of Durgapur, India. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 154, 280e293. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2018.02.042. Guo, D., Zhao, P., Wang, R., Yao, R., Hu, J., 2020. Numerical simulations of the flow field and pollutant dispersion in an idealized urban area under different atmospheric stability conditions. Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 136, 310e323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.01.031. Gredilla, A., de Vallejuelo, S.F.O., Gomez-Nubla, L., Carrero, J.A., de Le~ ao, F.B., Madariaga, J.M., Silva, L.F., 2017. Are children playgrounds safe play areas? Inorganic analysis and lead isotope ratios for contamination assessment in recreational (Brazilian) parks. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 24, 24333e24345. Hao, Y., Gao, C., Deng, S., Yuan, M., Song, W., Lu, Z., Qiu, Z., 2019. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles powered by diesel, gasoline, natural gas and methanol fuel. Sci. Total Environ. 674, 128e139. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.410. HatCr, M.E., 2020. Determining the weathering classification of stone cultural heritage via the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy inference system. J. Cult. Herit. 44, 120e134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.02.011. Hatir, M.E., Barstugan, M., _ Ince, _ I., 2020. Deep learning-based weathering type recognition in historical stone monuments. J. Cult. Herit. 45, 193e203. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.04.008. Herrera, L.K., Videla, H.A., 2009. Surface analysis and materials characterization for the study of biodeterioration and weathering effects on cultural property. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 63 (7), 813e822. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ibiod.2009.05.002. Howard, J., Weyhrauch, J., Loriaux, G., Schultz, B., Baskaran, M., 2019. Contributions of artifactual materials to the toxicity of anthropogenic soils and street dusts in a highly urbanized terrain. Environ. Pollut. 255, 113350. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envpol.2019.113350. Ibge, 2020. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Demographic Data. https://cidades.ibge.gov. (Accessed 4 September 2020). Khajavi, M.Z., Mohammadi, R., Ahmadi, S., Farhoodi, M., Yousefi, M., 2019. Strategies for controlling release of plastic compounds into foodstuffs based on application of nanoparticles and its potential health issues. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 90, 1e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.009. Leiriao, L.F.L., Miraglia, S.G.E.K., 2019. Environmental and health impacts due to the ~ violation of Brazilian emissions control program standards in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. Transport. Res. Transport Environ. 70, 70e76. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.03.006. Liu, D., Guo, X., Xiao, B., 2019a. What causes growth of global greenhouse gas emissions? Evidence from 40 countries. Sci. Total Environ. 661, 750e766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.197. Liu, J.B., Zhang, Z.J., Li, B., 2019b. Microscopic & macroscopic characterizations of Beijing marble as a building material for UNESCO heritage sites: new insights into physico-mechanical property estimation and weathering resistance. Construct. Build. Mater. 225, 510e525. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2019.07.094 Mandurino, C., Vestrucci, P., 2009. Using meteorological data to model pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere. Environ. Model. Software 24 (2), 270e278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.06.013 Neckel, A., Silva, J.L.da, Saraiva, P.P., Kujawa, H.A., Araldi, J., Paladini, E.P., 2020. Estimation of the economic value of urban parks in Brazil, the case of the City of Passo Fundo. J. Clean. Prod. 264, 121369. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2020.121369. Neckel, A., Korcelski, C., Kujawa, H.A., Silva, I.S.da, Prezoto, F., Amorin, A.L.W., Maculan, L.S., Gonçalves, A.C., Bodah, E.T., Bodah, B.W., Dotto, G.L., Silva, L.F.O., 2021. Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability. Chemosphere 262, 128248. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128248. Norhafana, M., Noor, M.M., Hairuddin, A.A., Harikrishnan, S., Kadirgama, K., Ramasamy, D., 2020. The effects of nano-additives on exhaust emissions and toxicity on mankind. Mater. Today: Proceedings 22, 1181e1185. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.110. Oliveira, M.L.S., Flores, E.M.M., Dotto, G.L., Neckel, A., Silva, L.F.O., 2021. Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 278, 123982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123982. Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pandolfi, M., Reche, C., Perez, N., Minguill on, M.C., Moreno, T., Viana, M., Escudero, M., Orio, A., 2014. 2001e2012 trends on air quality in Spain. Sci. Total Environ. 490, 957e969. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2014.05.074 Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Mazarji, M., Shende, S., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S., Burachevskaya, M., Chaplygin, V., Singh, A., Jatav, H., 2020. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil-plant systems and their effects on human health. Ann. Agric. Sci. 65 (2), 137e143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.08.001. Ramírez, O., Boit, K.da, Blanco, E., Silva, L.F.O., 2020. Hazardous thoracic and ultrafine particles from road dust in a Caribbean industrial city. Urban Climate 33, 100655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100655. Rojas, J.C., S anchez, N.E., Schneider, I., Oliveira, M.L.S., Teixeira, E.C., Silva, L.F.O., 2019. Exposure to nanometric pollutants in primary schools: environmental implications. Urban Climate 27, 412e419. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.uclim.2018.12.011. Saini, A., Harner, T., Chinnadhurai, S., Schuster, J.K., Yates, A., Sweetman, A., Aristizabal-Zuluaga, B.H., Jimenez, B., Manzano, C.A., Gaga, E.O., 2020. GAPS-mega- cities: a new global platform for investigating persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in urban air. Environ. Pollut. 267, 115416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115416. Silva, L.F.O., Hower, J.C., Dotto, G.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., Pinto, D., 2021. Titanium nanoparticles in sedimented dust aggregates from urban children’s parks around coal ashes wastes. Fuel 285, 119162. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.fuel.2020.119162. Silva, L.F.O., Pinto, D., Neckel, A., Dotto, G.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., 2020. The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianopolis Island, Brazil. Chemosphere 251, 126838. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere.2020.126838 Suzuki, A., Vettori, S., Giorgi, S., Carretti, E., Benedetto, F.D., Dei, L., Benvenuti, M., Moretti, S., Pecchioni, E., Costagliola, P., 2018. Laboratory study of the sulfation of carbonate stones through SWIR hyperspectral investigation. J. Cult. Herit. 32, 30e37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.01.006. Talaiekhozani, A., Dokhani, M., Dehkordi, A.A., Eskandari, Z., Rezania, S., 2018. Evaluation of emission inventory for the emitted pollutants from landfill of Borujerd and modeling of dispersion in the atmosphere. Urban Climate 25, 82e98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.05.005. Trejos, E.M., Silva, L.F.O., Hower, J.C., Flores, E.M.M. de, Gonzalez, C.M., Pach on, J.E., Aristizabal, B.H., 2021. Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution: a study of nanoparticles. Geoscience Frontiers 1e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gsf.2020.08.013. Wu, R., Zhao, X., Liu, Y., 2021. Atomic insights of Cu nanoparticles melting and sintering behavior in Cu Cu direct bonding. Mater. Des. 197, 109240. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109240. Zahmatkesh, I., Sheremet, M., Yang, L., Heris, S.Z., Sharifpur, M., Meyer, J.P., Ghalambaz, M., Wongwises, S., Jing, D., Mahian, O., 2020. Effect of nanoparticle shape on the performance of thermal systems utilizing nanofluids: a critical review. J. Mol. Liq. 114430 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114430. Zhang, C., Qiao, Q., Appel, E., Huang, B., 2012. Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and chemical methods. J. Geochem. Explor. 119, 60e75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.014. |
| dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
| dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Chemosphere |
| institution |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
| dc.source.url.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653521007554 |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bea7754a-0b52-4c7c-b9cb-a74d4009d856/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5fa59812-c8b8-481d-8cc7-73e27057b5b3/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/14acb517-a53e-4e73-8a8b-a2808d1caf6f/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8bd4f73e-9709-4420-955c-78dedf2a14ed/download https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/2bce9782-e58f-44fe-966a-325cda267b2c/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9bad 065baa925ed1fe090903162263df81bf 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 504a654d646d69be8d9e9991494e0548 33282c0071ed4beac0ee426a974ec982 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUC |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repdigital@cuc.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1828166827544412160 |
| spelling |
L.S. Oliveira, MarcosNeckel, AlcindoPinto, DianaStolfo Maculan, LaercioDalmagro Zanchett, Matheus RobertoF.O. Silva, Luis2021-06-01T15:20:40Z2021-06-01T15:20:40Z2021-03-140045-6535https://hdl.handle.net/11323/8321https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130286Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/Historic buildings that comprise the cultural heritage of humanity are in need of preservation on a worldwide scale in regard to degradation resultant from atmospheric pollutants. The Brazilian Public Market, located in the historic center of the mega city of Sao Paulo, is the object of this research, due to its representation of historical Brazilian architecture. The general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the influence of air pollutants on the degradation of the historic Sao Paulo Public Market in the city of Sao~ Paulo, Brazil. Methodologically, between May 2018 and April 2019, samples of sedimented dust were collected at five points on the side walls of the market’s historic structure, for the analysis of accumulated ultrafine particles (UFPs) and nanoparticles (NPs). A total of 20 samples of particulate matter were collected using self-made passive samplers (SMPSs). Using SMPSs, 12 months of accumulation and deposition were used to sample the atmospheric PM1. The results demonstrate the presence of dangerous elements such as: As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn. Note that EDS coupled with microscopy techniques, points out the risks to human health, due to the presence of these dangerous elements that accumulate in the building’s structure. The results show that 85% of the NPs sampled contained Pb, and 56% contained Pb and Ti, which are harmful to both historic buildings and human health. Air pollution enables the further deterioration of the Sao Paulo Public Market, which is in need of restoration.L.S. Oliveira, MarcosNeckel, Alcindo-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-5435-3096-600Pinto, Diana-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-1496-5722-600Stolfo Maculan, LaercioDalmagro Zanchett, Matheus RobertoF.O. Silva, Luisapplication/pdfengAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Chemospherehttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653521007554Vehicular trafficIndustrial pollutantsBuilt historical heritageNanoparticlesToxic elementsHuman healthAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in latin americaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAmato, F., Pandolfi, M., Viana, M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Moreno, T., 2009. Spatial and chemical patterns of PM10 in road dust deposited in urban environment. Atmospheric Enviroment 43 (9), 1650e1659.Bessa, M.J., Brandao, F., Viana, M., Gomes, J.F., Monfort, E., Cassee, F.R., Fraga, S., ~ Teixeira, J.P., 2020. Nanoparticle exposure and hazard in the ceramic industry: an overview of potential sources, toxicity and health effects. Environ. Res. 184, 109297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109297Borges, C.S., Weindorf, D.C., Nascimento, D.C., Curi, N., Guilherme, L.R.G., Carvalho, G.S., Ribeiro, B.T., 2020. Comparison of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and laboratory-based methods to assess the soil elemental composition: applications for wetland soils. Environmental Technology & Innovation 19, 100826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100826.Brodny, J., Tutak, M., 2021. The analysis of similarities between the European Union countries in terms of the level and structure of the emissions of selected gases and air pollutants into the atmosphere. J. Clean. Prod. 279, 123641. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123641.CETESB, 2021. Sao Paulo state environmental agency: 2021 vehicle emissions ~ report. https://cetesb.sp.gov.br/veicular/#:~:text¼A%20frota%20motorizada% 20no%20Estado,e%202%2C5%20milh%C3%B5es%20de. (Accessed 3 March 2021)Comite, V., Pozo-Antonio, J.S., Cardell, C., Randazzo, L., Larussa, M.F., Fermo, P., 2020. A multi-analytical approach for the characterization of black crusts on the facade of an historical cathedral. Microchem. J. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.microc.2020.105121, 105121-1.Costa, E., Seixas, J., Baptista, P., Costa, G., Turrentine, T., 2018. CO2 emissions and mitigation policies for urban road transportation: sao Paulo versus shanghai. Urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestao Urbana 10 (1), 43 ~ e158. https://doi.org/ 10.1590/2175-3369.010.supl1.ao15.Dalmora, A.C., Ramos, C.G., Querol, X., Kautzmann, R.M., Oliveira, M.L.S., Taffarel, S.R., Moreno, T., Silva, L.F.O., 2016. Nanoparticulate mineral matter from basalt dust wastes. Chemosphere 144, 2013e2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere.2015.10.047.Debone, D., Leiriao, L.F.L., Miraglia, S.G.E.K., 2020. Air quality and health impact ~ assessment of a truckers’ strike in Sao Paulo state, Brazil: a case study. Urban Climate 34, 100687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100687Gallego-Cartagena, E., Morillas, H., Maguregui, M., Patino-Camelo, K., Marcaida, I., ~ Morgado-Gamero, W., Silva, L.F.O., Madariaga, J.M., 2020. A comprehensive study of biofilms growing on the built heritage of a Caribbean industrial city in correlation with construction materials. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 147, 104874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104874.Gope, M., Masto, R.E., George, J., Balachandran, S., 2018. Tracing source, distribution and health risk of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in street dust of Durgapur, India. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 154, 280e293. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoenv.2018.02.042.Guo, D., Zhao, P., Wang, R., Yao, R., Hu, J., 2020. Numerical simulations of the flow field and pollutant dispersion in an idealized urban area under different atmospheric stability conditions. Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 136, 310e323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.01.031.Gredilla, A., de Vallejuelo, S.F.O., Gomez-Nubla, L., Carrero, J.A., de Le~ ao, F.B., Madariaga, J.M., Silva, L.F., 2017. Are children playgrounds safe play areas? Inorganic analysis and lead isotope ratios for contamination assessment in recreational (Brazilian) parks. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 24, 24333e24345.Hao, Y., Gao, C., Deng, S., Yuan, M., Song, W., Lu, Z., Qiu, Z., 2019. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5 emitted from motor vehicles powered by diesel, gasoline, natural gas and methanol fuel. Sci. Total Environ. 674, 128e139. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.410.HatCr, M.E., 2020. Determining the weathering classification of stone cultural heritage via the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy inference system. J. Cult. Herit. 44, 120e134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.02.011.Hatir, M.E., Barstugan, M., _ Ince, _ I., 2020. Deep learning-based weathering type recognition in historical stone monuments. J. Cult. Herit. 45, 193e203. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.04.008.Herrera, L.K., Videla, H.A., 2009. Surface analysis and materials characterization for the study of biodeterioration and weathering effects on cultural property. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 63 (7), 813e822. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ibiod.2009.05.002.Howard, J., Weyhrauch, J., Loriaux, G., Schultz, B., Baskaran, M., 2019. Contributions of artifactual materials to the toxicity of anthropogenic soils and street dusts in a highly urbanized terrain. Environ. Pollut. 255, 113350. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.envpol.2019.113350.Ibge, 2020. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Demographic Data. https://cidades.ibge.gov. (Accessed 4 September 2020).Khajavi, M.Z., Mohammadi, R., Ahmadi, S., Farhoodi, M., Yousefi, M., 2019. Strategies for controlling release of plastic compounds into foodstuffs based on application of nanoparticles and its potential health issues. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 90, 1e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.009.Leiriao, L.F.L., Miraglia, S.G.E.K., 2019. Environmental and health impacts due to the ~ violation of Brazilian emissions control program standards in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area. Transport. Res. Transport Environ. 70, 70e76. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.03.006.Liu, D., Guo, X., Xiao, B., 2019a. What causes growth of global greenhouse gas emissions? Evidence from 40 countries. Sci. Total Environ. 661, 750e766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.197.Liu, J.B., Zhang, Z.J., Li, B., 2019b. Microscopic & macroscopic characterizations of Beijing marble as a building material for UNESCO heritage sites: new insights into physico-mechanical property estimation and weathering resistance. Construct. Build. Mater. 225, 510e525. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.conbuildmat.2019.07.094Mandurino, C., Vestrucci, P., 2009. Using meteorological data to model pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere. Environ. Model. Software 24 (2), 270e278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2008.06.013Neckel, A., Silva, J.L.da, Saraiva, P.P., Kujawa, H.A., Araldi, J., Paladini, E.P., 2020. Estimation of the economic value of urban parks in Brazil, the case of the City of Passo Fundo. J. Clean. Prod. 264, 121369. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jclepro.2020.121369.Neckel, A., Korcelski, C., Kujawa, H.A., Silva, I.S.da, Prezoto, F., Amorin, A.L.W., Maculan, L.S., Gonçalves, A.C., Bodah, E.T., Bodah, B.W., Dotto, G.L., Silva, L.F.O., 2021. Hazardous elements in the soil of urban cemeteries; constructive solutions aimed at sustainability. Chemosphere 262, 128248. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128248.Norhafana, M., Noor, M.M., Hairuddin, A.A., Harikrishnan, S., Kadirgama, K., Ramasamy, D., 2020. The effects of nano-additives on exhaust emissions and toxicity on mankind. Mater. Today: Proceedings 22, 1181e1185. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.110.Oliveira, M.L.S., Flores, E.M.M., Dotto, G.L., Neckel, A., Silva, L.F.O., 2021. Nanomineralogy of mortars and ceramics from the Forum of Caesar and Nerva (Rome, Italy): the protagonist of black crusts produced on historic buildings. J. Clean. Prod. 278, 123982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123982.Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Pandolfi, M., Reche, C., Perez, N., Minguill on, M.C., Moreno, T., Viana, M., Escudero, M., Orio, A., 2014. 2001e2012 trends on air quality in Spain. Sci. Total Environ. 490, 957e969. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2014.05.074Rajput, V., Minkina, T., Mazarji, M., Shende, S., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S., Burachevskaya, M., Chaplygin, V., Singh, A., Jatav, H., 2020. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil-plant systems and their effects on human health. Ann. Agric. Sci. 65 (2), 137e143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2020.08.001.Ramírez, O., Boit, K.da, Blanco, E., Silva, L.F.O., 2020. Hazardous thoracic and ultrafine particles from road dust in a Caribbean industrial city. Urban Climate 33, 100655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100655.Rojas, J.C., S anchez, N.E., Schneider, I., Oliveira, M.L.S., Teixeira, E.C., Silva, L.F.O., 2019. Exposure to nanometric pollutants in primary schools: environmental implications. Urban Climate 27, 412e419. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.uclim.2018.12.011.Saini, A., Harner, T., Chinnadhurai, S., Schuster, J.K., Yates, A., Sweetman, A., Aristizabal-Zuluaga, B.H., Jimenez, B., Manzano, C.A., Gaga, E.O., 2020. GAPS-mega- cities: a new global platform for investigating persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in urban air. Environ. Pollut. 267, 115416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115416.Silva, L.F.O., Hower, J.C., Dotto, G.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., Pinto, D., 2021. Titanium nanoparticles in sedimented dust aggregates from urban children’s parks around coal ashes wastes. Fuel 285, 119162. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.fuel.2020.119162.Silva, L.F.O., Pinto, D., Neckel, A., Dotto, G.L., Oliveira, M.L.S., 2020. The impact of air pollution on the rate of degradation of the fortress of Florianopolis Island, Brazil. Chemosphere 251, 126838. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chemosphere.2020.126838Suzuki, A., Vettori, S., Giorgi, S., Carretti, E., Benedetto, F.D., Dei, L., Benvenuti, M., Moretti, S., Pecchioni, E., Costagliola, P., 2018. Laboratory study of the sulfation of carbonate stones through SWIR hyperspectral investigation. J. Cult. Herit. 32, 30e37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.01.006.Talaiekhozani, A., Dokhani, M., Dehkordi, A.A., Eskandari, Z., Rezania, S., 2018. Evaluation of emission inventory for the emitted pollutants from landfill of Borujerd and modeling of dispersion in the atmosphere. Urban Climate 25, 82e98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.05.005.Trejos, E.M., Silva, L.F.O., Hower, J.C., Flores, E.M.M. de, Gonzalez, C.M., Pach on, J.E., Aristizabal, B.H., 2021. Volcanic emissions and atmospheric pollution: a study of nanoparticles. Geoscience Frontiers 1e40. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.gsf.2020.08.013.Wu, R., Zhao, X., Liu, Y., 2021. Atomic insights of Cu nanoparticles melting and sintering behavior in Cu Cu direct bonding. Mater. Des. 197, 109240. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109240.Zahmatkesh, I., Sheremet, M., Yang, L., Heris, S.Z., Sharifpur, M., Meyer, J.P., Ghalambaz, M., Wongwises, S., Jing, D., Mahian, O., 2020. Effect of nanoparticle shape on the performance of thermal systems utilizing nanofluids: a critical review. J. Mol. Liq. 114430 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114430.Zhang, C., Qiao, Q., Appel, E., Huang, B., 2012. Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and chemical methods. J. Geochem. Explor. 119, 60e75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.014.PublicationLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/bea7754a-0b52-4c7c-b9cb-a74d4009d856/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD53ORIGINALAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdfAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdfapplication/pdf104645https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/5fa59812-c8b8-481d-8cc7-73e27057b5b3/download065baa925ed1fe090903162263df81bfMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/14acb517-a53e-4e73-8a8b-a2808d1caf6f/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52THUMBNAILAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdf.jpgAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg51496https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/8bd4f73e-9709-4420-955c-78dedf2a14ed/download504a654d646d69be8d9e9991494e0548MD54TEXTAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdf.txtAir pollutants and their degradation of a historic building in the largest metropolitan area in Latin America.pdf.txttext/plain1995https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/2bce9782-e58f-44fe-966a-325cda267b2c/download33282c0071ed4beac0ee426a974ec982MD5511323/8321oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/83212024-09-17 14:14:46.587http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |