Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production
In this study, the use of agro-industrial waste from rice and corn husk ashes as a pozzolanic addition for cement substitution in the manufacture of ceramic tile adhesive is presented. The cement replacement, at 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, shows good results, especially for the case of rice husk ash wit...
- Autores:
-
Ahumada-Ossandón, Richard
Ospina Mateus, Holman
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9204
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9204
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.288
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Pozzolanic
Index of pozzolanic activity
Adhesive resistance to traction
Ceramic tile adhesive
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| title |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| spellingShingle |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production Pozzolanic Index of pozzolanic activity Adhesive resistance to traction Ceramic tile adhesive |
| title_short |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| title_full |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| title_fullStr |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| title_sort |
Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ahumada-Ossandón, Richard Ospina Mateus, Holman Salas-Navarro, Katherinne |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ahumada-Ossandón, Richard Ospina Mateus, Holman Salas-Navarro, Katherinne |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Pozzolanic Index of pozzolanic activity Adhesive resistance to traction Ceramic tile adhesive |
| topic |
Pozzolanic Index of pozzolanic activity Adhesive resistance to traction Ceramic tile adhesive |
| description |
In this study, the use of agro-industrial waste from rice and corn husk ashes as a pozzolanic addition for cement substitution in the manufacture of ceramic tile adhesive is presented. The cement replacement, at 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, shows good results, especially for the case of rice husk ash with an index of pozzolanic activity equal to 0,94. The physical-chemical treatment of the ashes is essential. In this case, it was carried out through a calcination process at 800°C and a subsequent grinding process. Test of consistency, open time, and adhesive resistance to traction, were carried out to evaluate the quality of the ceramic mortar. |
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2022 |
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2022-05-31T22:50:56Z |
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2022 |
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10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.288 |
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Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
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eng |
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Procedia Computer Science |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ramos Telma, Ana Mafalda. Matos, Joana Sousa-Coutinho “Mortar with wood waste ash: Mechanical strength carbonation resistance and ASR expansion.” Construction and Building Materials, 49 (2013), pp. 343-351 Ospina-Mateus Holman, Jaime Acevedo-Chedid, Katherinne Salas-Navarro, Natalie Morales-Londoño, Jhon Montero-Perez “Model of optimization of mining complex for the planning of flow of quarry production of limestone in multiple products and with elements for the analysis of the capacity.” Workshop on Engineering Applications,, Springer (2017), pp. 544-555 Ospina-Mateus Holman, Jhon Montero-Perez, Jaime Acevedo-Chedid, K. Salas-Navarro, N. Morales-Londoño. “A Mathematical Model for the Optimization of the Non-metallic Mining Supply Chain in the Mining District of Calamarí-Sucre (Colombia).” In Workshop on Engineering Applications, Springer (2020), pp. 194-207 Gabaldón-Estevan Daniel, Liney Manjarrés-Henríquez, F. Xavier Molina-Morales. “An analysis of the Spanish ceramic tile industry research contracts and patents.” European Planning Studies, 26 (5) (2018), pp. 895-914 (2018) ASTM Committee C-09 on Concrete, Concrete Aggregates “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.” ASTM International (2012) Mattey Pedro E., Rafael A. Robayo, Jherson E. Díaz, Silvio Delvasto, José Monzó “Application of rice husk ash obtained from agro-industrial process for the manufacture of nonstructural concrete blocks.” Revista latinoamericana de metalurgia y materiales, 35 (2) (2015), pp. 285-294 Akasaki J., M. Moraes, C. Silva, C. Fioriti, M. Tashima. “Evaluación del concepto de madurez en el hormigón con adición de cenizas de cascarilla de arroz.” Revista ingeniería de construcción, 31 (3) (2016), pp. 175-182 2016 Sabir B.B., S. Wild, J. Bai. “Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review.” Cement and concrete composites, 23 (6) (2001), pp. 441-454 Naceri Abdelghani, Makhloufi Chikouche. Hamina “Use of waste brick as a partial replacement of cement in mortar.” Waste management, 29 (8) (2009), pp. 2378-2384 Naceri A., M. Chikouche Hamina, P. Grosseau. “Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cement Manufactured with Artificial Pozzolan (Waste Brick).” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 52 (2009), pp. 41-43 Aprianti Evi, Payam Shafigh, Syamsul Bahri, Javad N. Farahani “Supplementary cementitious materials origin from agricultural wastes-A review.” Construction and Building Materials, 74 (2015), pp. 176-187 Anupam Aditya Kumar, Praveen Kumar, G.D. Ransinchung. “Use of various agricultural and industrial waste materials in road construction.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104 (2013), pp. 264-273 De Sensale, Gemma Rodriguez “Effect of rice-husk ash on durability of cementitious materials.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 32 (9) (2010), pp. 718-725 Demis S., J.G. Tapali, V.G. Papadakis. “An investigation of the effectiveness of the utilization of biomass ashes as pozzolanic materials.” Construction and Building Materials, 68 (2014), pp. 291-300 ASTM “Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement.” ASTM West Conshohocken (2014), pp. 1-6 ASTM “Standard test methods for fineness of hydraulic cement by air-permeability apparatus,” ASTM International (2011) ASTM “Standard test method for density of hydraulic cement,” ASTM International (2009) ASTM, Committee “Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates,” ASTM International (2006) Sinthaworn Suppachai, Pichai Nimityongskul “Quick monitoring of pozzolanic reactivity of waste ashes.” Waste Management, 29 (5) (2009), pp. 1526-1531 Crespo E. Quintana. “Relación entre las propiedades geotécnicas y los componentes puzolánicos de los sedimentos pampeanos.” Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2005), p. 283 Fuentes Molina, Natalia Oscar, Iván Fragozo Tarifa, Lissette Vizcaino. Mendoza “Residuos agroindustriales como adiciones en la elaboración de bloques de concreto no estructural.” Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina, 25 (2) (2015), pp. 99-116 Madurwar Mangesh V., Rahul V. Ralegaonkar, Sachin A. Mandavgane “Application of agro-waste for sustainable construction materials: A review.” Construction and Building materials, 38 (2013), pp. 872-878 Tangchirapat Weerachart, Tirasit Saeting, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Anek Siripanichgorn “Use of waste ash from palm oil industry in concrete,” Waste management, 27 (1) (2007), pp. 81-88 Ali Ghaffar, Muhammad K. Bashir, Hassan Ali, Muhammad H. Bashir “Utilization of rice husk and poultry wastes for renewable energy potential in Pakistan: An economic perspective.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61 (2016), pp. 25-29 Memon Shazim Ali, Muhammad Khizar. Khan “Ash blended cement composites: Eco-friendly and sustainable option for utilization of corncob ash.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 175 (2018), pp. 442-455 J. Prasara-A, S.H. Gheewala “Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: A review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 167 (2017), pp. 1020-1028 N.T. Colombiana-NTC-ISO, “6050-2. Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC). Bogotá, DC; 2014,” ed. D.C. Chemicals, “TECHLINE 9 Improving the Quality of Building Materials–International Norms for Tile Adhesives & Grouts." |
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Ahumada-Ossandón, RichardOspina Mateus, HolmanSalas-Navarro, Katherinne2022-05-31T22:50:56Z2022-05-31T22:50:56Z20221877-0509https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9204https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.28810.1016/j.procs.2021.12.288Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/In this study, the use of agro-industrial waste from rice and corn husk ashes as a pozzolanic addition for cement substitution in the manufacture of ceramic tile adhesive is presented. The cement replacement, at 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, shows good results, especially for the case of rice husk ash with an index of pozzolanic activity equal to 0,94. The physical-chemical treatment of the ashes is essential. In this case, it was carried out through a calcination process at 800°C and a subsequent grinding process. Test of consistency, open time, and adhesive resistance to traction, were carried out to evaluate the quality of the ceramic mortar.6 páginasapplication/pdfengElsevier BVNetherlands© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Use of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive productionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050921025278#!Procedia Computer ScienceRamos Telma, Ana Mafalda. Matos, Joana Sousa-Coutinho “Mortar with wood waste ash: Mechanical strength carbonation resistance and ASR expansion.” Construction and Building Materials, 49 (2013), pp. 343-351Ospina-Mateus Holman, Jaime Acevedo-Chedid, Katherinne Salas-Navarro, Natalie Morales-Londoño, Jhon Montero-Perez “Model of optimization of mining complex for the planning of flow of quarry production of limestone in multiple products and with elements for the analysis of the capacity.” Workshop on Engineering Applications,, Springer (2017), pp. 544-555Ospina-Mateus Holman, Jhon Montero-Perez, Jaime Acevedo-Chedid, K. Salas-Navarro, N. Morales-Londoño. “A Mathematical Model for the Optimization of the Non-metallic Mining Supply Chain in the Mining District of Calamarí-Sucre (Colombia).” In Workshop on Engineering Applications, Springer (2020), pp. 194-207Gabaldón-Estevan Daniel, Liney Manjarrés-Henríquez, F. Xavier Molina-Morales. “An analysis of the Spanish ceramic tile industry research contracts and patents.” European Planning Studies, 26 (5) (2018), pp. 895-914 (2018)ASTM Committee C-09 on Concrete, Concrete Aggregates “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.” ASTM International (2012)Mattey Pedro E., Rafael A. Robayo, Jherson E. Díaz, Silvio Delvasto, José Monzó “Application of rice husk ash obtained from agro-industrial process for the manufacture of nonstructural concrete blocks.” Revista latinoamericana de metalurgia y materiales, 35 (2) (2015), pp. 285-294Akasaki J., M. Moraes, C. Silva, C. Fioriti, M. Tashima. “Evaluación del concepto de madurez en el hormigón con adición de cenizas de cascarilla de arroz.” Revista ingeniería de construcción, 31 (3) (2016), pp. 175-182 2016Sabir B.B., S. Wild, J. Bai. “Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review.” Cement and concrete composites, 23 (6) (2001), pp. 441-454Naceri Abdelghani, Makhloufi Chikouche. Hamina “Use of waste brick as a partial replacement of cement in mortar.” Waste management, 29 (8) (2009), pp. 2378-2384Naceri A., M. Chikouche Hamina, P. Grosseau. “Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cement Manufactured with Artificial Pozzolan (Waste Brick).” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 52 (2009), pp. 41-43Aprianti Evi, Payam Shafigh, Syamsul Bahri, Javad N. Farahani “Supplementary cementitious materials origin from agricultural wastes-A review.” Construction and Building Materials, 74 (2015), pp. 176-187Anupam Aditya Kumar, Praveen Kumar, G.D. Ransinchung. “Use of various agricultural and industrial waste materials in road construction.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104 (2013), pp. 264-273De Sensale, Gemma Rodriguez “Effect of rice-husk ash on durability of cementitious materials.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 32 (9) (2010), pp. 718-725Demis S., J.G. Tapali, V.G. Papadakis. “An investigation of the effectiveness of the utilization of biomass ashes as pozzolanic materials.” Construction and Building Materials, 68 (2014), pp. 291-300ASTM “Standard specification for flow table for use in tests of hydraulic cement.” ASTM West Conshohocken (2014), pp. 1-6ASTM “Standard test methods for fineness of hydraulic cement by air-permeability apparatus,” ASTM International (2011)ASTM “Standard test method for density of hydraulic cement,” ASTM International (2009)ASTM, Committee “Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates,” ASTM International (2006)Sinthaworn Suppachai, Pichai Nimityongskul “Quick monitoring of pozzolanic reactivity of waste ashes.” Waste Management, 29 (5) (2009), pp. 1526-1531Crespo E. Quintana. “Relación entre las propiedades geotécnicas y los componentes puzolánicos de los sedimentos pampeanos.” Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Física y Naturales. Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2005), p. 283Fuentes Molina, Natalia Oscar, Iván Fragozo Tarifa, Lissette Vizcaino. Mendoza “Residuos agroindustriales como adiciones en la elaboración de bloques de concreto no estructural.” Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina, 25 (2) (2015), pp. 99-116Madurwar Mangesh V., Rahul V. Ralegaonkar, Sachin A. Mandavgane “Application of agro-waste for sustainable construction materials: A review.” Construction and Building materials, 38 (2013), pp. 872-878Tangchirapat Weerachart, Tirasit Saeting, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Anek Siripanichgorn “Use of waste ash from palm oil industry in concrete,” Waste management, 27 (1) (2007), pp. 81-88Ali Ghaffar, Muhammad K. Bashir, Hassan Ali, Muhammad H. Bashir “Utilization of rice husk and poultry wastes for renewable energy potential in Pakistan: An economic perspective.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61 (2016), pp. 25-29Memon Shazim Ali, Muhammad Khizar. Khan “Ash blended cement composites: Eco-friendly and sustainable option for utilization of corncob ash.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 175 (2018), pp. 442-455J. Prasara-A, S.H. Gheewala “Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: A review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 167 (2017), pp. 1020-1028N.T. Colombiana-NTC-ISO, “6050-2. Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC). Bogotá, DC; 2014,” ed.D.C. Chemicals, “TECHLINE 9 Improving the Quality of Building Materials–International Norms for Tile Adhesives & Grouts."577572198PozzolanicIndex of pozzolanic activityAdhesive resistance to tractionCeramic tile adhesivePublicationORIGINALUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdfUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdfapplication/pdf582112https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/e6c20551-3800-4291-a498-e0312d9c6c6a/download9618665572df9c2101bba7c95927538fMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83196https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/775f360b-d24d-440e-b4e9-2026a3e2dbfc/downloade30e9215131d99561d40d6b0abbe9badMD52TEXTUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdf.txtUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdf.txttext/plain35427https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/79912398-66df-4552-8b34-98884ba2c015/downloade48992690ffc8fadb2db3067625b7ab2MD53THUMBNAILUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdf.jpgUse of the rice and corn husk ashes as an innovative pozzolanic material in ceramic tile adhesive production.pdf.jpgimage/jpeg13285https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/65252187-fe7a-4791-9ba8-1bd5897309b6/download06bcb13f9f1801c936f160091f656506MD5411323/9204oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/92042024-09-17 10:47:13.415https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.open.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa CUCrepdigital@cuc.edu.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 |