Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization

Critical thresholds in habitat reduction besides multiple threats such as climate change are leading to a biodiversity decline (Newbold et al. 2016; Betts et al. 2017; Melo et al. 2018; Roque et al. 2018), consistently predicted in multiple scenarios (Jenkins 2003; Thomas et al. 2004; Pereira et al....

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doctoralThesis
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2020
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Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
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Repositorio Universidad Javeriana
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http://hdl.handle.net/10554/50602
https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.10554.50602
Palabra clave:
Planeación para la conservación
Representatividad
Sustituto
Efectividad
Integralidad
Tierra compartida
Tierra excluida
Árboles aleatorios
Neotropico
Priorización espacial
Conservation planning
Representativeness
Surrogacy
Effectiveness
Comprehensiveness
Land sharing
Land sparing
Random forest
Neotropics
Spatial prioritization
Doctorado en estudios ambientales y rurales - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Tierra - Zona Tropical
Árboles - Zona Tropical
Trópicos
Conservación de la biodiversidad forestal - Zona Tropical
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openAccess
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id JAVERIANA_be94b05d219a742daa740a97b8b0e6d4
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.javeriana.edu.co:10554/50602
network_acronym_str JAVERIANA
network_name_str Repositorio Universidad Javeriana
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
title Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
spellingShingle Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
Burbano Girón, Jaime Iván
Planeación para la conservación
Representatividad
Sustituto
Efectividad
Integralidad
Tierra compartida
Tierra excluida
Árboles aleatorios
Neotropico
Priorización espacial
Conservation planning
Representativeness
Surrogacy
Effectiveness
Comprehensiveness
Land sharing
Land sparing
Random forest
Neotropics
Spatial prioritization
Doctorado en estudios ambientales y rurales - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Tierra - Zona Tropical
Árboles - Zona Tropical
Trópicos
Conservación de la biodiversidad forestal - Zona Tropical
title_short Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
title_full Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
title_fullStr Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
title_full_unstemmed Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
title_sort Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritization
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Burbano Girón, Jaime Iván
author Burbano Girón, Jaime Iván
author_facet Burbano Girón, Jaime Iván
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Etter Rothlisberger, Andres Alejandro
Urquiza-Haas‬, ‪Tania
Garcia-Marquez, Jaime
Watling, James
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Planeación para la conservación
Representatividad
Sustituto
Efectividad
Integralidad
Tierra compartida
Tierra excluida
Árboles aleatorios
Neotropico
Priorización espacial
Conservation planning
Representativeness
Surrogacy
Effectiveness
Comprehensiveness
Land sharing
Land sparing
Random forest
Neotropics
Spatial prioritization
Doctorado en estudios ambientales y rurales - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Tierra - Zona Tropical
Árboles - Zona Tropical
Trópicos
Conservación de la biodiversidad forestal - Zona Tropical
topic Planeación para la conservación
Representatividad
Sustituto
Efectividad
Integralidad
Tierra compartida
Tierra excluida
Árboles aleatorios
Neotropico
Priorización espacial
Conservation planning
Representativeness
Surrogacy
Effectiveness
Comprehensiveness
Land sharing
Land sparing
Random forest
Neotropics
Spatial prioritization
Doctorado en estudios ambientales y rurales - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
Tierra - Zona Tropical
Árboles - Zona Tropical
Trópicos
Conservación de la biodiversidad forestal - Zona Tropical
description Critical thresholds in habitat reduction besides multiple threats such as climate change are leading to a biodiversity decline (Newbold et al. 2016; Betts et al. 2017; Melo et al. 2018; Roque et al. 2018), consistently predicted in multiple scenarios (Jenkins 2003; Thomas et al. 2004; Pereira et al. 2010; Bellard et al. 2012). Accordingly, extinction rates of species are now 8 to 100 times higher than those previously known (Ceballos et al. 2015). This biodiversity crisis imposes new challenges on conservation planning for prioritizing locations and efforts to guarantee the persistence of species and ecosystems over time (Meir et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2016; Reside et al. 2018). The most common initiatives in conservation planning for safeguarding biodiversity and counteract biodiversity decline continue to be the expansion of the protected areas (PAs) systems (Jenkins & Joppa 2009; Watson et al. 2014). However, in a world increasingly dominated by human transformation processes (Ellis & Ramankutty 2008; Ellis 2011) and with limited economic resources for conservation (Wilson et al. 2009; Waldron et al. 2013), it is critical to expand this view and integrate conservation practices in human-modified landscapes (Ellis 2013). The adequate allocation of the limited resources available for biodiversity conservation is crucial for achieving global, national, and sub-national conservation targets (Dobrovolski et al. 2014; Pouzols et al. 2014; Venter et al. 2014; Di Marco et al. 2016; Espirito-Santo et al. 2017). Consequently, a critical issue in spatial conservation prioritization should be to minimize the uncertainty about what and where to conserve, in order to maximize the success of conservation planning (Regan et al. 2009; Wilson et al. 2009). Thus, I tested in this thesis how robustness of the planning process may be increased by applying the three principles proposed in the systematic conservation planning framework, (1) representation, (2) persistence, and (3) cost-efficiency (Margules & Sarkar 2007), but also by highlighting the variability of the conservation prioritization process to diverse approaches using different information (Langford et al. 2011). I evaluated the impact of several approaches and analyzed the sensitivity of the identification of priority areas for conservation in the Neotropics, one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, and also one with the most urgent needs of identifying conservation priorities. I present a comprehensive spatial conservation prioritization that addressed the composition (8563 spp.), structure (663 ecosystems), and function (5382 ecological groups) of biodiversity, showing the regional variability of conservation priorities according to the biodiversity attribute represented (Chapter 1). Also, I applied different approaches of costs and factors associated with the persistence of Neotropical biodiversity, and framed them in the land-sharing/sparing model to propose possible conservation actions in the region (Chapter 2). Finally, I evaluated multiple variables related to the systematic conservation planning principles, representation, persistence, and cost-efficiency, to analyze what factors better guide conservation priorities in the Neotropics across regional and national levels (Chapter 3). My results showed that Aichi 11 target for conserving 17% of terrestrial biodiversity in the Neotropics cannot be fulfilled with the current PAs. The prioritized areas proposed, as well as PAs, meet on average 60% of conservation targets, but being 60% more efficient in the extent of area selected. I show that in the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, the effectiveness and representativeness of biodiversity depend strictly on the inclusion of new conservation areas. Comparing biodiversity attributes, I found a higher level of surrogacy using a compositional approach explained by the number of biodiversity features and their overlapping levels. However, conservation priorities vary regionally, suggesting that the use of a single biodiversity attribute, may lead to inaccurate selections of conservation priorities (Chapter 1). I also found that costs are more influential in the selection of conservation areas than persistence measures. Using the variability in the priority areas found, we identified regions where land acquisition would be most suitable for conservation and restoration (land-sparing), and areas where conservation agreements would be more appropriate to implement restoration or wildlife-friendly farming conservation strategies (land-sharing) (Chapter 2). Through a sensitivity analysis, we found that representativeness of biodiversity, and particularly the proportion of natural habitats guides conservation priorities at the regional level, while the factors associated with costs and persistence are more critical at the Neotropical level. In the Neotropics, conservation priorities responded to the spatial conservation prioritization model, favoring complementarity and reducing conservation costs (Chapter 3). However, conservation planning at the regional level should consider several mechanisms to guarantee the success of biodiversity protection over time (Chapters 1, 2 and 3). Finally, I concluded that there is no single approach or a combination of them, which cover the whole variability in spatial information on biodiversity, costs, and persistence to conservation. Regional differences in conservation areas selected influence conservation planning differently, consequently leading to identify distinct priorities and conservation actions related. The regional variability in conservation areas selection found indicates more different strategies that should be applied to conservation planning, since biodiversity attributes, and cost and persistence approaches guide the selection differently (Chapters 1 and 2). However, despite variability in conservation areas selection, we could identify priority areas where coincidences over multiple approaches occur (Chapters 1 and 2). In these areas, the uncertainty in defining priority areas is reduced, supporting the definition of more robust conservation priorities and actions by identifying those factors related to conservation areas selection (Chapter 3). These irreplaceable areas were located in critical and threatened global biodiversity hotspots, e.g., the Chaco, the Atlantic forest, the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Caatinga regions in Brazil, and the moist and dry forests of northern Andes (Chapters 1 and 2).
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-08-04T18:12:34Z
2020-08-04T18:12:34Z
2020-07-13
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Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Doctorado
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dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
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dc.coverage.none.fl_str_mv Zona Tropical
2015
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Doctorado en Estudios Ambientales y Rurales
Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
Doctorado en Estudios Ambientales y Rurales
Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositorio Universidad Javeriana
instname:Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
instacron:Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
instname_str Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
instacron_str Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
institution Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
reponame_str Repositorio Universidad Javeriana
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spelling Improving the identification of priority areas for conserving neotropical biodiversity : assessing uncertainties in spatial conservation prioritizationBurbano Girón, Jaime IvánPlaneación para la conservaciónRepresentatividadSustitutoEfectividadIntegralidadTierra compartidaTierra excluidaÁrboles aleatoriosNeotropicoPriorización espacialConservation planningRepresentativenessSurrogacyEffectivenessComprehensivenessLand sharingLand sparingRandom forestNeotropicsSpatial prioritizationDoctorado en estudios ambientales y rurales - Tesis y disertaciones académicasTierra - Zona TropicalÁrboles - Zona TropicalTrópicosConservación de la biodiversidad forestal - Zona TropicalCritical thresholds in habitat reduction besides multiple threats such as climate change are leading to a biodiversity decline (Newbold et al. 2016; Betts et al. 2017; Melo et al. 2018; Roque et al. 2018), consistently predicted in multiple scenarios (Jenkins 2003; Thomas et al. 2004; Pereira et al. 2010; Bellard et al. 2012). Accordingly, extinction rates of species are now 8 to 100 times higher than those previously known (Ceballos et al. 2015). This biodiversity crisis imposes new challenges on conservation planning for prioritizing locations and efforts to guarantee the persistence of species and ecosystems over time (Meir et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2016; Reside et al. 2018). The most common initiatives in conservation planning for safeguarding biodiversity and counteract biodiversity decline continue to be the expansion of the protected areas (PAs) systems (Jenkins & Joppa 2009; Watson et al. 2014). However, in a world increasingly dominated by human transformation processes (Ellis & Ramankutty 2008; Ellis 2011) and with limited economic resources for conservation (Wilson et al. 2009; Waldron et al. 2013), it is critical to expand this view and integrate conservation practices in human-modified landscapes (Ellis 2013). The adequate allocation of the limited resources available for biodiversity conservation is crucial for achieving global, national, and sub-national conservation targets (Dobrovolski et al. 2014; Pouzols et al. 2014; Venter et al. 2014; Di Marco et al. 2016; Espirito-Santo et al. 2017). Consequently, a critical issue in spatial conservation prioritization should be to minimize the uncertainty about what and where to conserve, in order to maximize the success of conservation planning (Regan et al. 2009; Wilson et al. 2009). Thus, I tested in this thesis how robustness of the planning process may be increased by applying the three principles proposed in the systematic conservation planning framework, (1) representation, (2) persistence, and (3) cost-efficiency (Margules & Sarkar 2007), but also by highlighting the variability of the conservation prioritization process to diverse approaches using different information (Langford et al. 2011). I evaluated the impact of several approaches and analyzed the sensitivity of the identification of priority areas for conservation in the Neotropics, one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, and also one with the most urgent needs of identifying conservation priorities. I present a comprehensive spatial conservation prioritization that addressed the composition (8563 spp.), structure (663 ecosystems), and function (5382 ecological groups) of biodiversity, showing the regional variability of conservation priorities according to the biodiversity attribute represented (Chapter 1). Also, I applied different approaches of costs and factors associated with the persistence of Neotropical biodiversity, and framed them in the land-sharing/sparing model to propose possible conservation actions in the region (Chapter 2). Finally, I evaluated multiple variables related to the systematic conservation planning principles, representation, persistence, and cost-efficiency, to analyze what factors better guide conservation priorities in the Neotropics across regional and national levels (Chapter 3). My results showed that Aichi 11 target for conserving 17% of terrestrial biodiversity in the Neotropics cannot be fulfilled with the current PAs. The prioritized areas proposed, as well as PAs, meet on average 60% of conservation targets, but being 60% more efficient in the extent of area selected. I show that in the most threatened biodiversity hotspots, the effectiveness and representativeness of biodiversity depend strictly on the inclusion of new conservation areas. Comparing biodiversity attributes, I found a higher level of surrogacy using a compositional approach explained by the number of biodiversity features and their overlapping levels. However, conservation priorities vary regionally, suggesting that the use of a single biodiversity attribute, may lead to inaccurate selections of conservation priorities (Chapter 1). I also found that costs are more influential in the selection of conservation areas than persistence measures. Using the variability in the priority areas found, we identified regions where land acquisition would be most suitable for conservation and restoration (land-sparing), and areas where conservation agreements would be more appropriate to implement restoration or wildlife-friendly farming conservation strategies (land-sharing) (Chapter 2). Through a sensitivity analysis, we found that representativeness of biodiversity, and particularly the proportion of natural habitats guides conservation priorities at the regional level, while the factors associated with costs and persistence are more critical at the Neotropical level. In the Neotropics, conservation priorities responded to the spatial conservation prioritization model, favoring complementarity and reducing conservation costs (Chapter 3). However, conservation planning at the regional level should consider several mechanisms to guarantee the success of biodiversity protection over time (Chapters 1, 2 and 3). Finally, I concluded that there is no single approach or a combination of them, which cover the whole variability in spatial information on biodiversity, costs, and persistence to conservation. Regional differences in conservation areas selected influence conservation planning differently, consequently leading to identify distinct priorities and conservation actions related. The regional variability in conservation areas selection found indicates more different strategies that should be applied to conservation planning, since biodiversity attributes, and cost and persistence approaches guide the selection differently (Chapters 1 and 2). However, despite variability in conservation areas selection, we could identify priority areas where coincidences over multiple approaches occur (Chapters 1 and 2). In these areas, the uncertainty in defining priority areas is reduced, supporting the definition of more robust conservation priorities and actions by identifying those factors related to conservation areas selection (Chapter 3). These irreplaceable areas were located in critical and threatened global biodiversity hotspots, e.g., the Chaco, the Atlantic forest, the Pantanal, Cerrado, and Caatinga regions in Brazil, and the moist and dry forests of northern Andes (Chapters 1 and 2).Doctor en Estudios Ambientales y RuralesDoctoradohttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6570-439Xhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=R89PYbAAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=aohttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001235290Pontificia Universidad JaverianaDoctorado en Estudios Ambientales y RuralesFacultad de Estudios Ambientales y RuralesEtter Rothlisberger, Andres AlejandroUrquiza-Haas‬, ‪TaniaGarcia-Marquez, JaimeWatling, James2020-08-04T18:12:34Z2020-08-04T18:12:34Z2020-07-13http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aaTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Doctoradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPDFapplication/pdfapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10554/50602https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.10554.50602instname:Pontificia Universidad Javerianareponame:Repositorio Institucional - Pontificia Universidad Javerianarepourl:https://repository.javeriana.edu.cospaZona Tropical2015Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessDe acuerdo con la naturaleza del uso concedido, la presente licencia parcial se otorga a título gratuito por el máximo tiempo legal colombiano, con el propósito de que en dicho lapso mi (nuestra) obra sea explotada en las condiciones aquí estipuladas y para los fines indicados, respetando siempre la titularidad de los derechos patrimoniales y morales correspondientes, de acuerdo con los usos honrados, de manera proporcional y justificada a la finalidad perseguida, sin ánimo de lucro ni de comercialización. De manera complementaria, garantizo (garantizamos) en mi (nuestra) calidad de estudiante (s) y por ende autor (es) exclusivo (s), que la Tesis o Trabajo de Grado en cuestión, es producto de mi (nuestra) plena autoría, de mi (nuestro) esfuerzo personal intelectual, como consecuencia de mi (nuestra) creación original particular y, por tanto, soy (somos) el (los) único (s) titular (es) de la misma. Además, aseguro (aseguramos) que no contiene citas, ni transcripciones de otras obras protegidas, por fuera de los límites autorizados por la ley, según los usos honrados, y en proporción a los fines previstos; ni tampoco contempla declaraciones difamatorias contra terceros; respetando el derecho a la imagen, intimidad, buen nombre y demás derechos constitucionales. Adicionalmente, manifiesto (manifestamos) que no se incluyeron expresiones contrarias al orden público ni a las buenas costumbres. En consecuencia, la responsabilidad directa en la elaboración, presentación, investigación y, en general, contenidos de la Tesis o Trabajo de Grado es de mí (nuestro) competencia exclusiva, eximiendo de toda responsabilidad a la Pontifica Universidad Javeriana por tales aspectos. Sin perjuicio de los usos y atribuciones otorgadas en virtud de este documento, continuaré (continuaremos) conservando los correspondientes derechos patrimoniales sin modificación o restricción alguna, puesto que, de acuerdo con la legislación colombiana aplicable, el presente es un acuerdo jurídico que en ningún caso conlleva la enajenación de los derechos patrimoniales derivados del régimen del Derecho de Autor. De conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982 y el artículo 11 de la Decisión Andina 351 de 1993, "Los derechos morales sobre el trabajo son propiedad de los autores", los cuales son irrenunciables, imprescriptibles, inembargables e inalienables. En consecuencia, la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana está en la obligación de RESPETARLOS Y HACERLOS RESPETAR, para lo cual tomará las medidas correspondientes para garantizar su observancia.http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2reponame:Repositorio Universidad Javerianainstname:Pontificia Universidad Javerianainstacron:Pontificia Universidad Javeriana2022-04-29T16:35:50Z