Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery

An imaging software system was studied for improving the performance of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction which requires identifying ACL insertion sites for bone tunnel placement. This software predicts and displays the insertion sites based on the literature data and patient-...

Full description

Autores:
Xudong, Zhang
Araujo, Paulo
Moloney, Gele
Langdale, Evan
Churilla, Andrew
Rincon, Gustavo
Mathis, Julie
Harner, Christopher
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2012
Institución:
Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital Institucional ReDi
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co:001/1410
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1410
Palabra clave:
ACL reconstruction
Anatomy
Image-guided surgery
Tunnel placement
Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior
Cirugía asistida por computador
Anatomía
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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network_name_str Repositorio Digital Institucional ReDi
repository_id_str
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
title Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
spellingShingle Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
ACL reconstruction
Anatomy
Image-guided surgery
Tunnel placement
Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior
Cirugía asistida por computador
Anatomía
title_short Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
title_full Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
title_fullStr Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
title_sort Efficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Xudong, Zhang
Araujo, Paulo
Moloney, Gele
Langdale, Evan
Churilla, Andrew
Rincon, Gustavo
Mathis, Julie
Harner, Christopher
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Xudong, Zhang
Araujo, Paulo
Moloney, Gele
Langdale, Evan
Churilla, Andrew
Rincon, Gustavo
Mathis, Julie
Harner, Christopher
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv ACL reconstruction
Anatomy
Image-guided surgery
Tunnel placement
topic ACL reconstruction
Anatomy
Image-guided surgery
Tunnel placement
Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior
Cirugía asistida por computador
Anatomía
dc.subject.decs.none.fl_str_mv Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior
Cirugía asistida por computador
Anatomía
description An imaging software system was studied for improving the performance of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction which requires identifying ACL insertion sites for bone tunnel placement. This software predicts and displays the insertion sites based on the literature data and patient-specific bony landmarks. Twenty orthopaedic surgeons performed simulated arthroscopic ACL surgeries on 20 knee specimens, first without and then with the visual guidance by fluoroscopic imaging, and their tunnel entry positions were recorded. The native ACL insertion morphologies of individual specimens were quantified in relation to CT-based bone models and then used to evaluate the software-generated insertion locations. Results suggested that the system was effective in leading surgeons to predetermined locations while the application of averaged insertion morphological information in individual surgeries can be susceptible to inaccuracy and uncertainty. Implications on challenges associated with developing engineering solutions to aid in re-creating or recognizing anatomy in surgical care delivery are discussed.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2012
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-12T16:08:58Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-12T16:08:58Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.443
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identifier_str_mv 10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.443
url https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1410
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Healthcare Engineering. Vol. 3 No. 3 (2012)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 454
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 3
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 443
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 3
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Healthcare Engineering
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rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 13 p.
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dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Hindawi Open Access
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Londres
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jhe/2012/620213/
institution Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud - FUCS
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spelling Xudong, Zhangec0e658ed74a5404634797bcce7c661eAraujo, Pauloc3793937c439abca1feec13b1fa1432aMoloney, Gele04688519f53b8cd923b93e50ac1f7cccLangdale, Evan4fab3b98137f459c92252d42397f49c1Churilla, Andrewa2f4cde0a3f2497e8f76f58fad27f3daRincon, Gustavo3c81712d0aeef6e2e615fb0d731b3985Mathis, Julief8cd6447acde92babea746af535554e0Harner, Christophera807a5b7a7cb2767e59a4c975633d5dc2021-04-12T16:08:58Z20122021-04-12T16:08:58ZHindawi Open AccessLondresAn imaging software system was studied for improving the performance of anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction which requires identifying ACL insertion sites for bone tunnel placement. This software predicts and displays the insertion sites based on the literature data and patient-specific bony landmarks. Twenty orthopaedic surgeons performed simulated arthroscopic ACL surgeries on 20 knee specimens, first without and then with the visual guidance by fluoroscopic imaging, and their tunnel entry positions were recorded. The native ACL insertion morphologies of individual specimens were quantified in relation to CT-based bone models and then used to evaluate the software-generated insertion locations. Results suggested that the system was effective in leading surgeons to predetermined locations while the application of averaged insertion morphological information in individual surgeries can be susceptible to inaccuracy and uncertainty. Implications on challenges associated with developing engineering solutions to aid in re-creating or recognizing anatomy in surgical care delivery are discussed.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jhe/2012/620213/13 p.application/pdfEfficacy of an Intra-Operative Imaging Software System for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction SurgeryArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARThttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a8510.1260/2040-2295.3.3.443https://repositorio.fucsalud.edu.co/handle/001/1410spaJournal of Healthcare Engineering. 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